1
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Wang Y, Yin N, Yang R, Zhao M, Li S, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Faiola F. Development of a simplified human embryonic stem cell-based retinal pre-organoid model for toxicity evaluations of common pollutants. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2023; 42:264-272. [PMID: 37602871 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2249988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the retinal toxicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), flame retardants, bisphenols, phthalates, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on human retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, which are the primary cell types at the early stages of retinal development, vital for subsequent functional cell type differentiation, and closely related to retinal diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS After 23 days of differentiation, human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-based retinal pre-organoids, containing RPCs and RPE cells, were exposed to 10, 100, and 1000 nM pesticides (butachlor, terbutryn, imidacloprid, deltamethrin, pendimethalin, and carbaryl), flame retardants (PFOS, TBBPA, DBDPE, and TDCIPP), PPCPs (climbazole and BHT), and other typical pollutants (phenanthrene, DCHP, and BPA) for seven days. Then, mRNA expression changes were monitored and compared. RESULTS (1) The selected pollutants did not show strong effects at environmental and human-relevant concentrations, although the effects of flame retardants were more potent than those of other categories of chemicals. Surprisingly, some pollutants with distinct structures showed similar adverse effects. (2) Exposure to pollutants induced different degrees of cell detachment, probably due to alterations in extracellular matrix and/or cell adhesion. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we established a retinal pre-organoid model suitable for evaluating multiple pollutants' effects, and pointed out the potential retinal toxicity of flame retardants, among other pollutants. Nevertheless, the potential mechanisms of toxicity and the effects on cell detachment are still unclear and deserve further exploration. Additionally, this model holds promise for screening interventions aimed at mitigating the detrimental effects of these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shichang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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2
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Ogi DA, Jin S. Transcriptome-Powered Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation for Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2023; 12:1442. [PMID: 37408278 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells are endless sources for in vitro engineering human tissues for regenerative medicine. Extensive studies have demonstrated that transcription factors are the key to stem cell lineage commitment and differentiation efficacy. As the transcription factor profile varies depending on the cell type, global transcriptome analysis through RNA sequencing (RNAseq) has been a powerful tool for measuring and characterizing the success of stem cell differentiation. RNAseq has been utilized to comprehend how gene expression changes as cells differentiate and provide a guide to inducing cellular differentiation based on promoting the expression of specific genes. It has also been utilized to determine the specific cell type. This review highlights RNAseq techniques, tools for RNAseq data interpretation, RNAseq data analytic methods and their utilities, and transcriptomics-enabled human stem cell differentiation. In addition, the review outlines the potential benefits of the transcriptomics-aided discovery of intrinsic factors influencing stem cell lineage commitment, transcriptomics applied to disease physiology studies using patients' induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cells for regenerative medicine, and the future outlook on the technology and its implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Ogi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Sha Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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3
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Afjeh-Dana E, Naserzadeh P, Moradi E, Hosseini N, Seifalian AM, Ashtari B. Stem Cell Differentiation into Cardiomyocytes: Current Methods and Emerging Approaches. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2566-2592. [PMID: 35508757 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are globally known to be important causes of mortality and disabilities. Common treatment strategies for CVDs, such as pharmacological therapeutics impose serious challenges due to the failure of treatments for myocardial necrosis. By contrast, stem cells (SCs) based therapies are seen to be promising approaches to CVDs treatment. In such approaches, cardiomyocytes are differentiated from SCs. To fulfill SCs complete potential, the method should be appointed to generate cardiomyocytes with more mature structure and well-functioning operations. For heart repairing applications, a greatly scalable and medical-grade cardiomyocyte generation must be used. Nonetheless, there are some challenges such as immune rejection, arrhythmogenesis, tumorigenesis, and graft cell death potential. Herein, we discuss the types of potential SCs, and commonly used methods including embryoid bodies related techniques, co-culture, mechanical stimulation, and electrical stimulation and their applications, advantages and limitations in this field. An estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2019, representing 32 % of all global deaths. Of these deaths, 85 % were due to heart attack and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Afjeh-Dana
- Radiation Biology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Naserzadeh
- Radiation Biology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Moradi
- Radiation Biology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Hosseini
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alexander Marcus Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Behnaz Ashtari
- Radiation Biology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Che H, Selig M, Rolauffs B. Micro-patterned cell populations as advanced pharmaceutical drugs with precise functional control. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114169. [PMID: 35217114 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human cells are both advanced pharmaceutical drugs and 'drug deliverers'. However, functional control prior to or after cell implantation remains challenging. Micro-patterning cells through geometrically defined adhesion sites allows controlling morphogenesis, polarity, cellular mechanics, proliferation, migration, differentiation, stemness, cell-cell interactions, collective cell behavior, and likely immuno-modulatory properties. Consequently, generating micro-patterned therapeutic cells is a promising idea that has not yet been realized and few if any steps have been undertaken in this direction. This review highlights potential therapeutic applications, summarizes comprehensively the many cell functions that have been successfully controlled through micro-patterning, details the established micro-pattern designs, introduces the available fabrication technologies to the non-specialized reader, and suggests a quality evaluation score. Such a broad review is not yet available but would facilitate the manufacturing of therapeutically patterned cell populations using micro-patterned cell-instructive biomaterials for improved functional control as drug delivery systems in the context of cells as pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Che
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital (North District), Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Mischa Selig
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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5
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Dumbleton J, Shamul JG, Jiang B, Agarwal P, Huang H, Jia X, He X. Oxidation and RGD Modification Affect the Early Neural Differentiation of Murine Embryonic Stem Cells Cultured in Core-Shell Alginate Hydrogel Microcapsules. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 211:294-303. [PMID: 34038907 PMCID: PMC8617071 DOI: 10.1159/000514580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Directed neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) has been studied extensively to improve the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This can be done through stromal-cell derived inducing activity (SDIA), by culturing ESCs directly on top of a layer of feeder stromal cells. However, the stem cells usually become mixed with the feeder cells during the differentiation process, making it difficult to obtain a pure population of the differentiated cells for further use. To address this issue, a non-planar microfluidic device is used here to encapsulate murine ESCs (mESCs) in the 3D liquid core of microcapsules with an alginate hydrogel shell of different sizes for early neural differentiation through SDIA, by culturing mESC-laden microcapsules over a feeder layer of PA6 cells. Furthermore, the alginate hydrogel shell of the microcapsules is modified via oxidation or RGD peptide conjugation to examine the mechanical and chemical effects on neural differentiation of the encapsulated mESC aggregates. A higher expression of Nestin is observed in the aggregates encapsulated in small (∼300 μm) microcapsules and cultured over the PA6 cell feeder layer. Furthermore, the modification of the alginate with RGD facilitates early neurite extension within the microcapsules. This study demonstrates that the presence of the RGD peptide, the SDIA effect of the PA6 cells, and the absence of leukemia inhibition factor from the medium can lead to the early differentiation of mESCs with extensive neurites within the 3D microenvironment of the small microcapsules. This is the first study to investigate the effects of cell adhesion and degradation of the encapsulation materials for directed neural differentiation of mESCs. The simple modifications (i.e., oxidation and RGD incorporation) of the miniaturized 3D environment for improved early neural differentiation of mESCs may potentially enhance further downstream differentiation of the mESCs into more specialized neurons for therapeutic use and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Dumbleton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA)
| | - James G. Shamul
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Bin Jiang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Pranay Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA)
| | - Haishui Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA)
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA),Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to: Xiaoming He, Ph.D., Fishell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, Phone: 301-405-7946,
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6
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Ariyoshi W, Usui M, Sano K, Kawano A, Okinaga T, Nakashima K, Nakazawa K, Nishihara T. 3D spheroid culture models for chondrocytes using polyethylene glycol-coated microfabricated chip. Biomed Res 2021; 41:187-197. [PMID: 32801268 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.41.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As chondrocytes fail to retain their chondrogenic potential in two-dimensional monolayer cultures, several three-dimensional culture systems have been employed for investigating the physiology and pathophysiology in articular cartilage tissues. In this study, we introduced a polyethylene glycol-coated microfabricated chip that enables spheroid formation from ATDC5 cell line, commonly used as a model for in vitro chondrocyte research. ATDC5 cells cultured in our devices aggregated immediately and generated a single spheroid per well within 24 h. Most cells in spheroids cultured in differentiation medium were viable and the circular shape and smooth surface of the spheroid were maintained up to 14 d in culture. We also detected potent hypoxia conditions, a key factor in chondrogenesis, in whole lesions of ATDC5 spheroids. Expression of chondrogenesis-related genes and type X collagen protein was significantly increased in ATDC5 spheroids grown in differentiation medium, compared with monolayer-cultured ATDC5 cells. We also demonstrated that the differentiation medium-induced Akt protein phosphorylation was upregulated in ATDC5 cells cultured in our spheroid device, suggesting that enhancement of chondrogenic potential in ATDC5 spheroids results from PI3/Akt signaling activation. These results indicated that our spheroid culture system could constitute a high-throughput strategy approach towards elucidating the molecular mechanisms that regulate chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University
| | - Michihiko Usui
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University
| | - Kotaro Sano
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University
| | - Aki Kawano
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University
| | | | - Keisuke Nakashima
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University
| | - Kohji Nakazawa
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu
| | - Tatsuji Nishihara
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University
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7
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Xie AW, Zacharias NA, Binder BYK, Murphy WL. Controlled aggregation enhances immunomodulatory potential of mesenchymal stromal cell aggregates. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1184-1201. [PMID: 33818906 PMCID: PMC8284773 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cell therapy due to their ease of isolation and expansion and their ability to secrete antiapoptotic, pro‐angiogenic, and immunomodulatory factors. Three‐dimensional (3D) aggregation “self‐activates” MSCs to augment their pro‐angiogenic and immunomodulatory potential, but the microenvironmental features and culture parameters that promote optimal MSC immunomodulatory function in 3D aggregates are poorly understood. Here, we generated MSC aggregates via three distinct methods and compared them with regard to their (a) aggregate structure and (b) immunomodulatory phenotype under resting conditions and in response to inflammatory stimulus. Methods associated with fast aggregation kinetics formed aggregates with higher cell packing density and reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis compared to those with slow aggregation kinetics. While all three methods of 3D aggregation enhanced MSC expression of immunomodulatory factors compared to two‐dimensional culture, different aggregation methods modulated cells' temporal expression of these factors. A Design of Experiments approach, in which aggregate size and aggregation kinetics were systematically covaried, identified a significant effect of both parameters on MSCs' ability to regulate immune cells. Compared to small aggregates formed with fast kinetics, large aggregates with slow assembly kinetics were more effective at T‐cell suppression and macrophage polarization toward anti‐inflammatory phenotypes. Thus, culture parameters including aggregation method, kinetics, and aggregate size influence both the structural properties of aggregates and their paracrine immunomodulatory function. These findings underscore the utility of engineering strategies to control properties of 3D MSC aggregates, which may identify new avenues for optimizing the immunomodulatory function of MSC‐based cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela W Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nicholas A Zacharias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bernard Y K Binder
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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8
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Ming Y, Hasan MF, Tatic-Lucic S, Berdichevsky Y. Micro Three-Dimensional Neuronal Cultures Generate Developing Cortex-Like Activity Patterns. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:563905. [PMID: 33122989 PMCID: PMC7573570 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.563905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies aimed at neurological drug discovery have been carried out both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro cell culture models have showed potential as drug testing platforms characterized by high throughput, low cost, good reproducibility and ease of handling and observation. However, in vitro neuronal culture models are facing challenges in replicating in vivo-like activity patterns. This work reports an in vitro culture technique that is capable of producing micro three-dimensional (μ3D) cultures of only a few tens of neurons. The μ3D cultures generated by this method were uniform in size and density of neurons. These μ3D cultures had complex spontaneous synchronized neuronal activity patterns which were similar to those observed in the developing cortex and in much larger 3D cultures, but not in 2D cultures. Bursts could be reliably evoked by stimulation of single neurons. Synchronized bursts in μ3D cultures were abolished by inhibitors of glutamate receptors, while inhibitors of GABAA receptors had a more complex effect. This pharmacological profile is similar to bursts in neonatal cortex. Since large numbers of reproducible μ3D cultures can be created and observed in parallel, this model of the developing cortex may find applications in high-throughput drug discovery experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Ming
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - Md Fayad Hasan
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - Svetlana Tatic-Lucic
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - Yevgeny Berdichevsky
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
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9
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Zeevaert K, Elsafi Mabrouk MH, Wagner W, Goetzke R. Cell Mechanics in Embryoid Bodies. Cells 2020; 9:E2270. [PMID: 33050550 PMCID: PMC7599659 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryoid bodies (EBs) resemble self-organizing aggregates of pluripotent stem cells that recapitulate some aspects of early embryogenesis. Within few days, the cells undergo a transition from rather homogeneous epithelial-like pluripotent stem cell colonies into a three-dimensional organization of various cell types with multifaceted cell-cell interactions and lumen formation-a process associated with repetitive epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. In the last few years, culture methods have further evolved to better control EB size, growth, cellular composition, and organization-e.g., by the addition of morphogens or different extracellular matrix molecules. There is a growing perception that the mechanical properties, cell mechanics, and cell signaling during EB development are also influenced by physical cues to better guide lineage specification; substrate elasticity and topography are relevant, as well as shear stress and mechanical strain. Epithelial structures outside and inside EBs support the integrity of the cell aggregates and counteract mechanical stress. Furthermore, hydrogels can be used to better control the organization and lineage-specific differentiation of EBs. In this review, we summarize how EB formation is accompanied by a variety of biomechanical parameters that need to be considered for the directed and reproducible self-organization of early cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Zeevaert
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.E.M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering–Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohamed H. Elsafi Mabrouk
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.E.M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering–Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.E.M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering–Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman Goetzke
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.E.M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering–Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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10
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Limraksasin P, Kosaka Y, Zhang M, Horie N, Kondo T, Okawa H, Yamada M, Egusa H. Shaking culture enhances chondrogenic differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cell constructs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14996. [PMID: 32929163 PMCID: PMC7490351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical loading on articular cartilage induces various mechanical stresses and strains. In vitro hydrodynamic forces such as compression, shear and tension impact various cellular properties including chondrogenic differentiation, leading us to hypothesize that shaking culture might affect the chondrogenic induction of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) constructs. Three-dimensional mouse iPSC constructs were fabricated in a day using U-bottom 96-well plates, and were subjected to preliminary chondrogenic induction for 3 days in static condition, followed by chondrogenic induction culture using a see-saw shaker for 17 days. After 21 days, chondrogenically induced iPSC (CI-iPSC) constructs contained chondrocyte-like cells with abundant ECM components. Shaking culture significantly promoted cell aggregation, and induced significantly higher expression of chondrogenic-related marker genes than static culture at day 21. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed higher chondrogenic protein expression. Furthemore, in the shaking groups, CI-iPSCs showed upregulation of TGF-β and Wnt signaling-related genes, which are known to play an important role in regulating cartilage development. These results suggest that shaking culture activates TGF-β expression and Wnt signaling to promote chondrogenic differentiation in mouse iPSCs in vitro. Shaking culture, a simple and convenient approach, could provide a promising strategy for iPSC-based cartilage bioengineering for study of disease mechanisms and new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kosaka
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Maolin Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Naohiro Horie
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takeru Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1668, USA
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamada
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan. .,Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
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11
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Lim MS, Ko SH, Kim MS, Lee B, Jung HS, Kim K, Park CH. Hybrid Nanofiber Scaffold-Based Direct Conversion of Neural Precursor Cells/Dopamine Neurons. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:340-346. [PMID: 31023000 PMCID: PMC6657951 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of cellular reprogramming was developed to generate induced neural precursor cells (iNPCs)/dopaminergic (iDA) neurons using diverse approaches. Here, we investigated the effects of various nanoscale scaffolds (fiber, dot, and line) on iNPC/iDA differentiation by direct reprogramming. The generation and maturation of iDA neurons (microtubule-associated protein 2-positive and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive) and iNPCs (NESTIN-positive and SOX2-positive) increased on fiber and dot scaffolds as compared to that of the flat (control) scaffold. This study demonstrates that nanotopographical environments are suitable for direct differentiation methods and may improve the differentiation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lim
- Research and Development Center, Jeil Pharmaceutical Company, Yongin, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byungjun Lee
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Sup Jung
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keesung Kim
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Park
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Joshi R, Thakuri PS, Buchanan JC, Li J, Tavana H. Microprinted Stem Cell Niches Reveal Compounding Effect of Colony Size on Stromal Cells-Mediated Neural Differentiation. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:10.1002/adhm.201700832. [PMID: 29193846 PMCID: PMC5842135 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microenvironmental factors have a major impact on differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Here, a novel phenomenon that size of ESC colonies has a significant regulatory role on stromal cells induced differentiation of ESCs to neural cells is reported. Using a robotic cell microprinting technology, defined densities of ESCs are confined within aqueous nanodrops over a layer of supporting stromal cells immersed in a second, immiscible aqueous phase to generate ESC colonies of defined sizes. Temporal protein and gene expression studies demonstrate that larger ESC colonies generate disproportionally more neural cells and longer neurite processes. Unlike previous studies that attribute neural differentiation of ESCs solely to interactions with stromal cells, it is found that increased intercellular signaling of ESCs significantly enhances neural differentiation. This study offers an approach to generate neural cells with improved efficiency for potential use in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramila Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Pradip Shahi Thakuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - James C Buchanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, 260 S. Forge St., Akron, OH, 44325, USA
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13
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Xie AW, Binder BYK, Khalil AS, Schmitt SK, Johnson HJ, Zacharias NA, Murphy WL. Controlled Self-assembly of Stem Cell Aggregates Instructs Pluripotency and Lineage Bias. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14070. [PMID: 29070799 PMCID: PMC5656593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived organoids and other 3D microtissues offer enormous potential as models for drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. Formation of stem/progenitor cell aggregates is common in biomanufacturing processes and critical to many organoid approaches. However, reproducibility of current protocols is limited by reliance on poorly controlled processes (e.g., spontaneous aggregation). Little is known about the effects of aggregation parameters on cell behavior, which may have implications for the production of cell aggregates and organoids. Here we introduce a bioengineered platform of labile substrate arrays that enable simple, scalable generation of cell aggregates via a controllable 2D-to-3D "self-assembly". As a proof-of-concept, we show that labile substrates generate size- and shape-controlled embryoid bodies (EBs) and can be easily modified to control EB self-assembly kinetics. We show that aggregation method instructs EB lineage bias, with faster aggregation promoting pluripotency loss and ectoderm, and slower aggregation favoring mesoderm and endoderm. We also find that aggregation kinetics of EBs markedly influence EB structure, with slower kinetics resulting in increased EB porosity and growth factor signaling. Our findings suggest that controlling internal structure of cell aggregates by modifying aggregation kinetics is a potential strategy for improving 3D microtissue models for research and translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela W Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Bernard Y K Binder
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Andrew S Khalil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Samantha K Schmitt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Hunter J Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Nicholas A Zacharias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States.
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States.
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States.
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14
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Du V, Luciani N, Richard S, Mary G, Gay C, Mazuel F, Reffay M, Menasché P, Agbulut O, Wilhelm C. A 3D magnetic tissue stretcher for remote mechanical control of embryonic stem cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:400. [PMID: 28900152 PMCID: PMC5596024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to create a 3D tissue structure from individual cells and then to stimulate it at will is a major goal for both the biophysics and regenerative medicine communities. Here we show an integrated set of magnetic techniques that meet this challenge using embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We assessed the impact of magnetic nanoparticles internalization on ESCs viability, proliferation, pluripotency and differentiation profiles. We developed magnetic attractors capable of aggregating the cells remotely into a 3D embryoid body. This magnetic approach to embryoid body formation has no discernible impact on ESC differentiation pathways, as compared to the hanging drop method. It is also the base of the final magnetic device, composed of opposing magnetic attractors in order to form embryoid bodies in situ, then stretch them, and mechanically stimulate them at will. These stretched and cyclic purely mechanical stimulations were sufficient to drive ESCs differentiation towards the mesodermal cardiac pathway. The development of embryoid bodies that are responsive to external stimuli is of great interest in tissue engineering. Here, the authors culture embryonic stem cells with magnetic nanoparticles and show that the presence of magnetic fields could affect their aggregation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicard Du
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Nathalie Luciani
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Sophie Richard
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Gaëtan Mary
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Cyprien Gay
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - François Mazuel
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Myriam Reffay
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Philippe Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France.
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15
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Sart S, Bejoy J, Li Y. Characterization of 3D pluripotent stem cell aggregates and the impact of their properties on bioprocessing. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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McKee C, Chaudhry GR. Advances and challenges in stem cell culture. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:62-77. [PMID: 28780462 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) hold great promise for cell therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine as well as pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. They have the capacity to self-renew and the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types depending upon their source of isolation. However, use of SCs for clinical applications requires a high quality and quantity of cells. This necessitates large-scale expansion of SCs followed by efficient and homogeneous differentiation into functional derivatives. Traditional methods for maintenance and expansion of cells rely on two-dimensional (2-D) culturing techniques using plastic culture plates and xenogenic media. These methods provide limited expansion and cells tend to lose clonal and differentiation capacity upon long-term passaging. Recently, new approaches for the expansion of SCs have emphasized three-dimensional (3-D) cell growth to mimic the in vivo environment. This review provides a comprehensive compendium of recent advancements in culturing SCs using 2-D and 3-D techniques involving spheroids, biomaterials, and bioreactors. In addition, potential challenges to achieve billion-fold expansion of cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences , Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA; OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences , Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA; OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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17
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Son B, Kim JA, Cho S, Jeong GJ, Kim BS, Hwang NS, Park TH. Lineage Specific Differentiation of Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Size Controlled Human Embryoid Body. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1719-1729. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boram Son
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Biomedical
Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Cho
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Jae Jeong
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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18
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Joshi R, Buchanan J, Tavana H. Colony size effect on neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells microprinted on stromal cells. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:4173-4176. [PMID: 28269202 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Controlling cellular microenvironment to induce neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains a major challenge. We address this need by introducing a micro-engineered co-culture system that resembles embryonic development in terms of direct intercellular interactions and induces neural differentiation of ESCs. A polymeric aqueous two-phase system (ATPS)-mediated robotic microprinting technology allows precise localization of mouse ESCs (mESCs) over a layer of supporting stromal cells. mESCs proliferate over a 2-week culture period into a single colony of defined size. Physical and chemical cues from the stromal cells guide mESCs to differentiate toward specific neural lineages. We generated mESC colonies of three different sizes from 100, 250 and 500 single cells and showed that size of mESC colonies is an important factor determining the yield of neural cells. Expression of early neural cell markers nestin denoting neural stem cells, NCAM specifying neural progenitors, and β-III tubulin (TuJ) indicating post mitotic neurons escalated from day 4. Differentiation into specific neural cells astrocytes marked by GFAP, oligodendrocytes indicated by CNPase, and TH-positive dopaminergic neurons was observed during the second week of culture. Unexpectedly, analysis of protein expression revealed a disproportionate increase in neural differentiation of mESCs by increase in the colony size. For the first time, our study establishes colony size as an important regulator of fate of ESCs in this heterocellular niche. This approach of deriving neural cells may make a major impact on stem cell research for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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19
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Ng WL, Lee JM, Yeong WY, Win Naing M. Microvalve-based bioprinting – process, bio-inks and applications. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:632-647. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00861e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
DOD microvalve-based bioprinting system provides a highly advanced manufacturing platform that facilitates precise control over the cellular and biomaterial deposition in a highly reproducible and reliable manner. This article highlights promising directions to transform microvalve-based bioprinting into an enabling technology that will potentially drive significant advances in the field of TERM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Long Ng
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP)
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Jia Min Lee
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP)
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Wai Yee Yeong
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP)
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - May Win Naing
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research
- Singapore 637662
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20
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Distinct and Shared Determinants of Cardiomyocyte Contractility in Multi-Lineage Competent Ethnically Diverse Human iPSCs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37637. [PMID: 27917881 PMCID: PMC5137163 DOI: 10.1038/srep37637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The realization of personalized medicine through human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can be advanced by transcriptomics, epigenomics, and bioinformatics that inform on genetic pathways directing tissue development and function. When possible, population diversity should be included in new studies as resources become available. Previously we derived replicate iPSC lines of African American, Hispanic-Latino and Asian self-designated ethnically diverse (ED) origins with normal karyotype, verified teratoma formation, pluripotency biomarkers, and tri-lineage in vitro commitment. Here we perform bioinformatics of RNA-Seq and ChIP-seq pluripotency data sets for two replicate Asian and Hispanic-Latino ED-iPSC lines that reveal differences in generation of contractile cardiomyocytes but similar and robust differentiation to multiple neural, pancreatic, and smooth muscle cell types. We identify shared and distinct genes and contributing pathways in the replicate ED-iPSC lines to enhance our ability to understand how reprogramming to iPSC impacts genes and pathways contributing to cardiomyocyte contractility potential.
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21
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Aguado T, Gutiérrez FJ, Aix E, Schneider RP, Giovinazzo G, Blasco MA, Flores I. Telomere Length Defines the Cardiomyocyte Differentiation Potency of Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 35:362-373. [PMID: 27612935 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated in vitro and in vivo to all cardiovascular lineages and are therefore a promising cell source for cardiac regenerative therapy. However, iPSC lines do not all differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMs) with the same efficiency. Here, we show that telomerase-competent iPSCs with relatively long telomeres and high expression of the shelterin-complex protein TRF1 (iPSChighT ) differentiate sooner and more efficiently into CMs than those with relatively short telomeres and low TRF1 expression (iPSClowT ). Ascorbic acid, an enhancer of cardiomyocyte differentiation, further increases the cardiomyocyte yield from iPSChighT but does not rescue the cardiomyogenic potential of iPSClowT . Interestingly, although iPSCslowT differentiate very poorly to the mesoderm and endoderm lineages, they differentiate very efficiently to the ectoderm lineage, indicating that cell fate can be determined by in vitro selection of iPSCs with different telomere content. Our findings highlight the importance of selecting iPSCs with ample telomere reserves in order to generate high numbers of CMs in a fast, reliable, and efficient way. Stem Cells 2017;35:362-373.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Aguado
- Regeneration and Aging Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Gutiérrez
- Pluripotent Cell Technology Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Aix
- Regeneration and Aging Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ralph P Schneider
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanna Giovinazzo
- Pluripotent Cell Technology Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Flores
- Regeneration and Aging Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Microfabric Vessels for Embryoid Body Formation and Rapid Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31063. [PMID: 27507707 PMCID: PMC4978968 DOI: 10.1038/srep31063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Various scalable three-dimensional culture systems for regenerative medicine using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been developed to date. However, stable production of hiPSCs with homogeneous qualities still remains a challenge. Here, we describe a novel and simple embryoid body (EB) formation system using unique microfabricated culture vessels. Furthermore, this culture system is useful for high throughput EB formation and rapid generation of differentiated cells such as neural stem cells (NSCs) from hiPSCs. The period of NSC differentiation was significantly shortened under high EB density culture conditions. Simultaneous mass production of a pure population of NSCs was possible within 4 days. These results indicate that the novel culture system might not only become a unique tool to obtain new insights into developmental biology based on human stem cells, but also provide an important tractable platform for efficient and stable production of NSCs for clinical applications.
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23
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Sahni G, Yuan J, Toh YC. Stencil Micropatterning of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Probing Spatial Organization of Differentiation Fates. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27340925 DOI: 10.3791/54097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, have the intrinsic ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. This makes them an attractive cell source for regenerative medicine and experimental modeling of normal and diseased organogenesis. However, the differentiation of hPSCs in vitro is heterogeneous and spatially disordered. Cell micropatterning technologies potentially offer the means to spatially control stem cell microenvironments and organize the resultant differentiation fates. Micropatterning hPSCs needs to take into account the stringent requirements for hPSC survival and maintenance. Here, we describe stencil micropatterning as a method that is highly compatible with hPSCs. hPSC micropatterns are specified by the geometries of the cell stencil through-holes, which physically confine the locations where hPSCs can access and attach to the underlying extracellular matrix-coated substrate. Due to this mode of operation, there is greater flexibility to use substrates that can adequately support hPSCs as compared to other cell micropatterning methods. We also highlight critical steps for the successful generation of hPSC micropatterns. As an example, we demonstrate that stencil micropatterning of hPSCs can be used to modulate spatial polarization of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, which in turn determines mesoendoderm differentiation patterns. This simple and robust method to micropattern hPSCs widens the prospects of establishing experimental models to investigate tissue organization and patterning during early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Sahni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore
| | - Jun Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore; Singapore Institute of Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore;
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24
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Reid JA, Mollica PA, Johnson GD, Ogle RC, Bruno RD, Sachs PC. Accessible bioprinting: adaptation of a low-cost 3D-printer for precise cell placement and stem cell differentiation. Biofabrication 2016; 8:025017. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/2/025017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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25
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Zhang YY, Tang LL, Zheng B, Ge RS, Zhu DY. Protein profiles of cardiomyocyte differentiation in murine embryonic stem cells exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonate. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:726-40. [PMID: 26178269 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic contaminant that may affect diverse systems in animals and humans, including the cardiovascular system. However, little is known about the mechanism by which it affects the biological systems. Herein, we used embryonic stem cell test procedure as a tool to assess the developmental cardiotoxicity of PFOS. The differentially expressed proteins were identified by quantitative proteomics that combines the stable isotope labeling of amino acids with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Results of the embryonic stem cell test procedure suggested that PFOS was a weak embryotoxic chemical. Nevertheless, a few marker proteins related to cardiovascular development (Brachyury, GATA4, MEF2C, α-actinin) were significantly reduced by exposure to PFOS. In total, 176 differential proteins were identified by proteomics analysis, of which 67 were upregulated and 109 were downregulated. Gene ontology annotation classified these proteins into 13 groups by molecular functions, 12 groups by cellular locations and 10 groups by biological processes. Most proteins were mainly relevant to either catalytic activity (25.6%), nucleus localization (28.9%) or to cellular component organization (19.8%). Pathway analysis revealed that 32 signaling pathways were affected, particularly these involved in metabolism. Changes in five proteins, including L-threonine dehydrogenase, X-ray repair cross-complementing 5, superoxide dismutase 2, and DNA methyltransferase 3b and 3a were confirmed by Western blotting, suggesting the reliability of the technique. These results revealed potential new targets of PFOS on the developmental cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei-Lei Tang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bei Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Institute of Reproductive Biomedicine and the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dan-Yan Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Joshi R, Tavana H. Microengineered embryonic stem cells niche to induce neural differentiation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:3557-60. [PMID: 26737061 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in therapeutic use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for treating neurodegenerative diseases is creating a niche in vitro for controlled neural-specific differentiation of ESCs. We employ a niche microengineering approach to derive neural cells from ESCs by mimicking embryonic development in terms of direct intercellular interactions. Using a polymeric aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) microprinting technology, murine ESCs (mESCs) are precisely localized over a monolayer of supporting stromal cells to allow formation of individual mESC colonies. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dextran (DEX) are dissolved in culture media to form two immiscible aqueous solutions. A robotic liquid handler is used to print a nanoliter-volume drop of the denser DEX phase solution containing mESCs onto a confluent layer of supporting PA6 stromal cells submerged in the aqueous PEG phase. mESCs proliferate into isolated colonies of uniform size. For the first time, a comprehensive protein expression analysis of individual mESC colonies is performed over a two-week culture period to track temporal progression of cells from a pluripotent stage to specific neural cells. Starting from day 4, the expression of nestin, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), and beta-III tubulin shows a significant increase but then levels off after the first week of culture. The expression of specific neural cell markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is elevated during the second week of culture. This microengineering approach to control ESCs differentiation niche combined with the time-course protein expression analysis of individual differentiating colonies facilitates understanding of evolution of specific neural cells from ESCs and identifying underlying molecular markers.
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Ouyang L, Yao R, Mao S, Chen X, Na J, Sun W. Three-dimensional bioprinting of embryonic stem cells directs highly uniform embryoid body formation. Biofabrication 2015; 7:044101. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/4/044101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Park D, Lim J, Park JY, Lee SH. Concise Review: Stem Cell Microenvironment on a Chip: Current Technologies for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1352-68. [PMID: 26450425 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Stem cells have huge potential in many therapeutic areas. With conventional cell culture methods, however, it is difficult to achieve in vivo-like microenvironments in which a number of well-controlled stimuli are provided for growing highly sensitive stem cells. In contrast, microtechnology-based platforms offer advantages of high precision, controllability, scalability, and reproducibility, enabling imitation of the complex physiological context of in vivo. This capability may fill the gap between the present knowledge about stem cells and that required for clinical stem cell-based therapies. We reviewed the various types of microplatforms on which stem cell microenvironments are mimicked. We have assigned the various microplatforms to four categories based on their practical uses to assist stem cell biologists in using them for research. In particular, many examples are given of microplatforms used for the production of embryoid bodies and aggregates of stem cells in vitro. We also categorized microplatforms based on the types of factors controlling the behaviors of stem cells. Finally, we outline possible future directions for microplatform-based stem cell research, such as research leading to the production of well-defined environments for stem cells to be used in scaled-up systems or organs-on-a-chip, the regulation of induced pluripotent stem cells, and the study of the genetic states of stem cells on microplatforms. SIGNIFICANCE Stem cells are highly sensitive to a variety of physicochemical cues, and their fate can be easily altered by a slight change of environment; therefore, systematic analysis and discrimination of the extracellular signals and intracellular pathways controlling the fate of cells and experimental realization of sensitive and controllable niche environments are critical. This review introduces diverse microplatforms to provide in vitro stem cell niches. Microplatforms could control microenvironments around cells and have recently attracted much attention in biology including stem cell research. These microplatforms and the future directions of stem cell microenvironment are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- DoYeun Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Lim
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Yull Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chitosan as inter-cellular linker to accelerate multicellular spheroid generation in hydrogel scaffold. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Ahn BC, Parashurama N, Patel M, Ziv K, Bhaumik S, Yaghoubi SS, Paulmurugan R, Gambhir SS. Noninvasive reporter gene imaging of human Oct4 (pluripotency) dynamics during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells in living subjects. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 16:865-76. [PMID: 24845530 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0744-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human pluripotency gene networks (PGNs), controlled in part by Oct4, are central to understanding pluripotent stem cells, but current fluorescent reporter genes (RGs) preclude noninvasive assessment of Oct4 dynamics in living subjects. PROCEDURES To assess Oc4 activity noninvasively, we engineered a mouse embryonic stem cell line which encoded both a pOct4-hrluc (humanized renilla luciferase) reporter and a pUbi-hfluc2-gfp (humanized firefly luciferase 2 fused to green fluorescent protein) reporter. RESULTS In cell culture, pOct4-hRLUC activity demonstrated a peak at 48 h (day 2) and significant downregulation by 72 h (day 3) (p=0.0001). Studies in living subjects demonstrated significant downregulation in pOct4-hRLUC activity between 12 and 144 h (p = 0.001) and between 12 and 168 h (p = 0.0003). pOct4-hRLUC signal dynamics after implantation was complex, characterized by transient upregulation after initial downregulation in all experiments (n = 10, p = 0.01). As expected, cell culture differentiation of the engineered mouse embryonic stem cell line demonstrated activation of mesendodermal, mesodermal, endodermal, and ectodermal master regulators of differentiation, indicating potency to form all three germ layers. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the Oct4-hrluc RG system enables noninvasive Oct4 imaging in cell culture and in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Molecular Imaging Program @Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, James H. Clark Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, E153, Stanford, CA, 94305-5427, USA,
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Miyamoto D, Ohno K, Hara T, Koga H, Nakazawa K. Effect of separation distance on the growth and differentiation of mouse embryoid bodies in micropatterned cultures. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 121:105-110. [PMID: 26047736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Embryoid body (EB) culture has been widely used for in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Micropatterning of cultures is a promising technique for regulating EB development, because it allows for controlling the EB size and the distance between neighboring EBs. In this study, we examined the relationship of EB separation distance to their growth and differentiation using a micropatterned chip. The basic chip design consisted of 91 gelatin spots (300 μm in diameter) in a hexagonal arrangement on a glass substrate that served as the cell adhesion area; the region without gelatin spots was modified with polyethylene glycol to create the non-adhesion area. Two similar chips were fabricated with distances between gelatin spots of 500 and 1500 μm. Mouse ES cells adhered on the gelatin spots and then proliferated to form EBs. When the EB-EB distance was at 1500 μm, their size and the expression of developmental gene markers were almost the same for all EBs on the chip. This indicated that interference between neighboring EBs was avoided. In contrast, when the EB-EB distance was at 500 μm, the size of EBs located in the inside region of the chip was smaller than that in the outside region. Additionally, in the inside region, hepatic differentiation of EB cells was increased over cardiac and vascular differentiation. These results indicate that the distance between EBs is an important factor in the regulation of their growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Miyamoto
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kyohei Ohno
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Takuya Hara
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Haruka Koga
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kohji Nakazawa
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan.
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Pancreatic Epithelial Cells Form Islet-Like Clusters in the Absence of Directed Migration. Cell Mol Bioeng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-015-0396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Zhao S, Agarwal P, Rao W, Huang H, Zhang R, Liu Z, Yu J, Weisleder N, Zhang W, He X. Coaxial electrospray of liquid core-hydrogel shell microcapsules for encapsulation and miniaturized 3D culture of pluripotent stem cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 6:874-84. [PMID: 25036382 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel coaxial electrospray technology is developed to generate microcapsules with a hydrogel shell of alginate and an aqueous liquid core of living cells using two aqueous fluids in one step. Approximately 50 murine embryonic stem (ES) cells encapsulated in the core with high viability (92.3 ± 2.9%) can proliferate to form a single ES cell aggregate of 128.9 ± 17.4 μm in each microcapsule within 7 days. Quantitative analyses of gene and protein expression indicate that ES cells cultured in the miniaturized 3D liquid core of the core-shell microcapsules have significantly higher pluripotency on average than the cells cultured on the 2D substrate or in the conventional 3D alginate hydrogel microbeads without a core-shell architecture. The higher pluripotency is further suggested by their significantly higher capability of differentiation into beating cardiomyocytes and higher expression of cardiomyocyte specific gene markers on average after directed differentiation under the same conditions. Considering its wide availability, easiness to set up and operate, reusability, and high production rate, the novel coaxial electrospray technology together with the microcapsule system is of importance for mass production of ES cells with high pluripotency to facilitate translation of the emerging pluripotent stem cell-based regenerative medicine into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Tomov ML, Olmsted ZT, Paluh JL. The Human Embryoid Body Cystic Core Exhibits Architectural Complexity Revealed by use of High Throughput Polymer Microarrays. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:892-900. [PMID: 25810210 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In pluripotent stem cell differentiation, embryoid bodies (EBs) provide a three-dimensional [3D] multicellular precursor in lineage specification. The internal structure of EBs is not well characterized yet is predicted to be an important parameter to differentiation. Here, we use custom SU-8 molds to generate transparent lithography-templated arrays of polydimethylsiloxane (LTA-PDMS) for high throughput analysis of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) EB formation and internal architecture. EBs formed in 200 and 500 μm diameter microarray wells by use of single cells, 2D clusters, or 3D early aggregates were compared. We observe that 200 μm EBs are monocystic versus 500 μm multicystic EBs that contain macro, meso and microsized cysts. In adherent differentiation of 500 μm EBs, the multicystic character impairs the 3D to 2D transition creating non-uniform monolayers. Our findings reveal that EB core structure has a size-dependent character that influences its architecture and cell population uniformity during early differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Tomov
- SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nanobioscience, Nanofab East, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, New York, 12203, USA
| | - Zachary T Olmsted
- SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nanobioscience, Nanofab East, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, New York, 12203, USA
| | - Janet L Paluh
- SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nanobioscience, Nanofab East, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, New York, 12203, USA. ,
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Mashinchian O, Turner LA, Dalby MJ, Laurent S, Shokrgozar MA, Bonakdar S, Imani M, Mahmoudi M. Regulation of stem cell fate by nanomaterial substrates. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:829-47. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are increasingly studied because of their potential to underpin a range of novel therapies, including regenerative strategies, cell type-specific therapy and tissue repair, among others. Bionanomaterials can mimic the stem cell environment and modulate stem cell differentiation and proliferation. New advances in these fields are presented in this review. This work highlights the importance of topography and elasticity of the nano-/micro-environment, or niche, for the initiation and induction of stem cell differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mashinchian
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14177–55469, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lesley-Anne Turner
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic & Biomedical Chemistry, NMR & Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Avenue Maistriau 19, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- CMMI – Center for Microscopy & Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland, 8, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, PO Box 13169–43551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Imani
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Department, Iran Polymer & Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), PO Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155–6451, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305–5101, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305–5101, USA
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Kim JE, Lee JM, Chung BG. Microwell arrays for uniform-sized embryoid body-mediated endothelial cell differentiation. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 16:559-66. [PMID: 24652615 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-014-9858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cell is of great interest cell source in regenerating tissue constructs. We hypothesized that the interaction of cell-extracellular matrices (ECMs) would enable the control of ES cell differentiation pathway. We fabricated the hydrogel microwell array system to regulate uniform-sized embryoid bodies (EBs) and replate into various ECM components (e.g., gelatin, collagen I, fibronectin, laminin, and Matrigel). We demonstrated that collagen I and laminin largely induced ES cell-derived endothelial cell differentiation compared to gelatin. We also characterized ECMs-dependent endothelial cell differentiation by evaluating the endothelial gene expression, showing that Flk1 endothelial gene was highly expressed on collagen I. We also demonstrated the effect of the integrin on uniform-sized EBs-derived endothelial cell differentiation, showing that integrin α1 was largely expressed on laminin. Therefore, the cell-ECM interaction could be potentially powerful for controlling the uniform-sized EBs-derived endothelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-eun Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
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37
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p73 is required for endothelial cell differentiation, migration and the formation of vascular networks regulating VEGF and TGFβ signaling. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1287-99. [PMID: 25571973 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenesis, the establishment of the vascular plexus and angiogenesis, branching of new vessels from the preexisting vasculature, involves coordinated endothelial differentiation, proliferation and migration. Disturbances in these coordinated processes may accompany diseases such as cancer. We hypothesized that the p53 family member p73, which regulates cell differentiation in several contexts, may be important in vascular development. We demonstrate that p73 deficiency perturbed vascular development in the mouse retina, decreasing vascular branching, density and stability. Furthermore, p73 deficiency could affect non endothelial cells (ECs) resulting in reduced in vivo proangiogenic milieu. Moreover, p73 functional inhibition, as well as p73 deficiency, hindered vessel sprouting, tubulogenesis and the assembly of vascular structures in mouse embryonic stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell cultures. Therefore, p73 is necessary for EC biology and vasculogenesis and, in particular, that DNp73 regulates EC migration and tube formation capacity by regulation of expression of pro-angiogenic factors such as transforming growth factor-β and vascular endothelial growth factors. DNp73 expression is upregulated in the tumor environment, resulting in enhanced angiogenic potential of B16-F10 melanoma cells. Our results demonstrate, by the first time, that differential p73-isoform regulation is necessary for physiological vasculogenesis and angiogenesis and DNp73 overexpression becomes a positive advantage for tumor progression due to its pro-angiogenic capacity.
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Formation of well-defined embryoid bodies from dissociated human induced pluripotent stem cells using microfabricated cell-repellent microwell arrays. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7402. [PMID: 25492588 PMCID: PMC4261164 DOI: 10.1038/srep07402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, scalable, and reproducible technology that allows direct formation of large numbers of homogeneous and synchronized embryoid bodies (EBs) of defined sizes from dissociated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) was developed. Non-cell-adhesive hydrogels were used to create round-bottom microwells to host dissociated hiPSCs. No Rho-associated kinase inhibitor (ROCK-i), or centrifugation was needed and the side effects of ROCK-i can be avoided. The key requirement for the successful EB formation in addition to the non-cell-adhesive round-bottom microwells is the input cell density per microwell. Too few or too many cells loaded into the microwells will compromise the EB formation process. In parallel, we have tested our microwell-based system for homogeneous hEB formation from dissociated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Successful production of homogeneous hEBs from dissociated hESCs in the absence of ROCK-i and centrifugation was achieved within an optimal range of input cell density per microwell. Both the hiPSC- and hESC-derived hEBs expressed key proteins characteristic of all the three developmental germ layers, confirming their EB identity. This novel EB production technology may represent a versatile platform for the production of homogeneous EBs from dissociated human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).
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Chen M, Qian C, Bi LL, Zhao F, Zhang GY, Wang ZQ, Gan XD, Wang YG. Enrichment of cardiac differentiation by a large starting number of embryonic stem cells in embryoid bodies is mediated by the Wnt11-JNK pathway. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:475-81. [PMID: 25312921 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Embryoid bodies (EBs) with large starting numbers of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have a greater degree of cardiac differentiation than from low numbers of EBs. However, the biological roles of signaling molecules in these effects are not well understood. Here, we show that groups of EBs with different starting numbers of ESCs had differential gene expression patterns for Wnt5a and Wnt11. Wnt11 significantly increased the percentage of beating EBs by up-regulating the expression of the cardiac-specific genes. Wnt5a did not show these effects. Moreover, Wnt11 significantly increased the level of phosphorylated Jun N-terminal kinase. The inhibition of the JNK pathway by SP600125 blocked the effects of Wnt11. Thus, enrichment of cardiac differentiation in groups of EBs with a larger starting number of ESCs is mediated by the Wnt11-JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China,
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40
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Zhao Z, Gu J, Zhao Y, Guan Y, Zhu XX, Zhang Y. Hydrogel Thin Film with Swelling-Induced Wrinkling Patterns for High-Throughput Generation of Multicellular Spheroids. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3306-12. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500722g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Key Laboratory of
Functional Polymer Materials, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Institute of Polymer Chemistry,
College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianjun Gu
- State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Key Laboratory of
Functional Polymer Materials, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Institute of Polymer Chemistry,
College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yening Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Key Laboratory of
Functional Polymer Materials, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Institute of Polymer Chemistry,
College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying Guan
- State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Key Laboratory of
Functional Polymer Materials, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Institute of Polymer Chemistry,
College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - X. X. Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Key Laboratory of
Functional Polymer Materials, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Institute of Polymer Chemistry,
College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Qi H, Huang G, Han YL, Lin W, Li X, Wang S, Lu TJ, Xu F. In vitro spatially organizing the differentiation in individual multicellular stem cell aggregates. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 36:20-31. [PMID: 25025275 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.922917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With significant potential as a robust source to produce specific somatic cells for regenerative medicine, stem cells have attracted increasing attention from both academia and government. In vivo, stem cell differentiation is a process under complicated regulations to precisely build tissue with unique spatial structures. Since multicellular spheroidal aggregates of stem cells, commonly called as embryoid bodies (EBs), are considered to be capable of recapitulating the events in early stage of embryonic development, a variety of methods have been developed to form EBs in vitro for studying differentiation of embryonic stem cells. The regulation of stem cell differentiation is crucial in directing stem cells to build tissue with the correct spatial architecture for specific functions. However, stem cells within the three-dimensional multicellular aggregates undergo differentiation in a less unpredictable and spatially controlled manner in vitro than in vivo. Recently, various microengineering technologies have been developed to manipulate stem cells in vitro in a spatially controlled manner. Herein, we take the spotlight on these technologies and researches that bring us the new potential for manipulation of stem cells for specific purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qi
- a MOE Key laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China .,b Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China .,c Department of Medical Genome Sciences , Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba , Japan
| | - Guoyou Huang
- a MOE Key laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China .,b Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Long Han
- a MOE Key laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China .,b Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Lin
- a MOE Key laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China .,b Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujun Li
- d Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at EI Paso , EI Paso , TX , USA , and
| | - Shuqi Wang
- e Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- b Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- a MOE Key laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China .,b Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
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Klincumhom N, Tharasanit T, Thongkittidilok C, Tiptanavattana N, Rungarunlert S, Dinnyés A, Techakumphu M. Selective TGF-β1/ALK inhibitor improves neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Neurosci Lett 2014; 578:1-6. [PMID: 24923762 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a polypeptide member of the TGF-β superfamily, has myriad cellular functions, including cell fate differentiation. We hypothesized that suppression of TGF-β1 signaling would improve the efficacy of neuronal differentiation during embryoid body (EB) development. In this study, mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were allowed to differentiate into their neuronal lineage, both with, and without the TGF-β1 inhibitor (A83-01). After 8 days of EB suspension culture, the samples were examined by morphological analysis, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry with pluripotent (Oct4, Sox2) and neuronal specific markers (Pax6, NeuN). The alteration of gene expressions during EB development was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Our results revealed that the TGF-β1/ALK inhibitor potentially suppressed pluripotent gene (Oct4) during a rapidly up-regulation of neuronal associated genes including Sox1 and MAP2. Strikingly, during EB development, the expression of GFAP, the astrocyte specific gene, remarkably decreased compared to the non-treated control. This strategy demonstrated the beneficial function of TGF-β1/ALK inhibitor that rapidly and uniformly drives cell fate alteration from pluripotent state toward neuronal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttha Klincumhom
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Theerawat Tharasanit
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chommanart Thongkittidilok
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Narong Tiptanavattana
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Sasitorn Rungarunlert
- Department of Preclinical and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - András Dinnyés
- Biotalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos u. 26, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent Istvan University, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mongkol Techakumphu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Delalat B, Goreham RV, Vasilev K, Harding FJ, Voelcker NH. Subtle Changes in Surface Chemistry Affect Embryoid Body Cell Differentiation: Lessons Learnt from Surface-Bound Amine Density Gradients. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1715-25. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Delalat
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia
| | - Renee V. Goreham
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia
| | - Frances J. Harding
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia
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Dias AD, Unser AM, Xie Y, Chrisey DB, Corr DT. Generating size-controlled embryoid bodies using laser direct-write. Biofabrication 2014; 6:025007. [PMID: 24694373 PMCID: PMC4043747 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/2/025007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to self-renew and differentiate into any specialized cell type. One common method to differentiate ESCs in vitro is through embryoid bodies (EBs), three-dimensional cellular aggregates that spontaneously self-assemble and generally express markers for the three germ layers, endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. It has been previously shown that both EB size and 2D colony size each influence differentiation. We hypothesized that we could control the size of the EB formed by mouse ESCs (mESCs) by using a cell printing method, laser direct-write (LDW), to control both the size of the initial printed colony and the local cell density in printed colonies. After printing mESCs at various printed colony sizes and printing densities, two-way ANOVAs indicated that the EB diameter was influenced by printing density after three days (p = 0.0002), while there was no effect of the printed colony diameter on the EB diameter at the same timepoint (p = 0.74). There was no significant interaction between these two factors. Tukey's honestly significant difference test showed that high-density colonies formed significantly larger EBs, suggesting that printed mESCs quickly aggregate with nearby cells. Thus, EBs can be engineered to a desired size by controlling printing density, which will influence the design of future differentiation studies. Herein, we highlight the capacity of LDW to control the local cell density and colony size independently, at prescribed spatial locations, potentially leading to better stem cell maintenance and directed differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- AD Dias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - AM Unser
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Y Xie
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - DB Chrisey
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - DT Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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Jang HK, Kim BS. Modulation of stem cell differentiation with biomaterials. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 3:80-4. [PMID: 24855545 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2010.3.2.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of stem cells can be controlled with interactions with microenvironments of the stem cells. The interactions contain various signals including soluble growth factor signal, cell adhesion signal, and mechanical signal, which can modulate differentiation of stem cells. Biomaterials can provide these types of signals to induce desirable cellular differentiation. Biomaterials can deliver soluble growth factors locally to stem cells at a controlled rate for a long period. Stem cell adhesion to specific adhesion molecules presented by biomaterials can induce specific differentiation. Mechanical signals can be delivered to stem cells seeded onto biomaterial scaffolds. These approaches would be invaluable for direction of stem cell differentiation and in vivo tissue regeneration using stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ki Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea ; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Hsiao C, Tomai M, Glynn J, Palecek SP. Effects of 3D microwell culture on initial fate specification in human embryonic stem cells. AIChE J 2014; 60:1225-1235. [PMID: 25505348 DOI: 10.1002/aic.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that 3D culture systems influence human embryonic stem cell (hESC) phenotypes and fate choices. However, the effect that these microenvironmental changes have on signaling pathways governing hESC behaviors is not well understood. Here, we have used a 3D microwell array to investigate differences in activation of developmental pathways between 2D and 3D cultures of both undifferentiated hESCs and hESCs undergoing initial differentiation in embryoid bodies (EBs). We observed increased induction into mesoderm and endoderm and differences in expression of genes from multiple signaling pathways that regulate development, including Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β superfamily, Notch and FGF during EB-mediated differentiation, in 3D microwells as compared with the 2D substrates. In undifferentiated hESCs, we also observed differences in epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotypes and the TGFβ/BMP pathway between cultures in 3D and 2D. These results illustrate that 3D culture influences multiple pathways that may regulate the differentiation trajectories of hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheston Hsiao
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
| | - Matthew Tomai
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
| | - Jeremy Glynn
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
| | - Sean P. Palecek
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
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Yamada R, Hattori K, Tachikawa S, Tagaya M, Sasaki T, Sugiura S, Kanamori T, Ohnuma K. Control of adhesion of human induced pluripotent stem cells to plasma-patterned polydimethylsiloxane coated with vitronectin and γ-globulin. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:315-22. [PMID: 24656306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a promising source of cells for medical applications. Recently, the development of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microdevices to control the microenvironment of hiPSCs has been extensively studied. PDMS surfaces are often treated with low-pressure air plasma to facilitate protein adsorption and cell adhesion. However, undefined molecules present in the serum and extracellular matrix used to culture cells complicate the study of cell adhesion. Here, we studied the effects of vitronectin and γ-globulin on hiPSC adhesion to plasma-treated and untreated PDMS surfaces under defined culture conditions. We chose these proteins because they have opposite properties: vitronectin mediates hiPSC attachment to hydrophilic siliceous surfaces, whereas γ-globulin is adsorbed by hydrophobic surfaces and does not mediate cell adhesion. Immunostaining showed that, when applied separately, vitronectin and γ-globulin were adsorbed by both plasma-treated and untreated PDMS surfaces. In contrast, when PDMS surfaces were exposed to a mixture of the two proteins, vitronectin was preferentially adsorbed onto plasma-treated surfaces, whereas γ-globulin was adsorbed onto untreated surfaces. Human iPSCs adhered to the vitronectin-rich plasma-treated surfaces but not to the γ-globulin-rich untreated surfaces. On the basis of these results, we used perforated masks to prepare plasma-patterned PDMS substrates, which were then used to pattern hiPSCs. The patterned hiPSCs expressed undifferentiated-cell markers and did not escape from the patterned area for at least 7 days. The patterned PDMS could be stored for up to 6 days before hiPSCs were plated. We believe that our results will be useful for the development of hiPSC microdevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Yamada
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Koji Hattori
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5th, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 5 Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Saoko Tachikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tagaya
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Toru Sasaki
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Shinji Sugiura
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5th, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 5 Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kanamori
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5th, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 5 Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ohnuma
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan; Top Runner Incubation Center for Academia-Industry Fusion, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
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Abstract
Understanding the processes by which stem cells give rise to de novo tissues is an active focus of stem cell biology and bioengineering disciplines. Instructive morphogenic cues surrounding the stem cell during morphogenesis create what is referred to as the stem cell microenvironment. An emerging paradigm in stem cell bioengineering involves "biologically driven assembly," in which stem cells are encouraged to largely define their own morphogenesis processes. However, even in the case of biologically driven assembly, stem cells do not act alone. The properties of the surrounding microenvironment can be critical regulators of cell fate. Stem cell-material interactions are among the most well-characterized microenvironmental effectors of stem cell fate and establish a signaling "context" that can define the mode of influence for morphogenic cues. Here we describe illustrative examples of cell-material interactions that occur during in vitro stem cell studies, with an emphasis on how cell-material interactions create instructive contexts for stem cell differentiation and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Khalil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopedics University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Angela W. Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopedics University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopedics University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Rehabilitation, and Material Science University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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49
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Agarwal P, Zhao S, Bielecki P, Rao W, Choi JK, Zhao Y, Yu J, Zhang W, He X. One-step microfluidic generation of pre-hatching embryo-like core-shell microcapsules for miniaturized 3D culture of pluripotent stem cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4525-33. [PMID: 24113543 PMCID: PMC3848340 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50678a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel core-shell microcapsule system is developed in this study to mimic the miniaturized 3D architecture of pre-hatching embryos with an aqueous liquid-like core of embryonic cells and a hydrogel-shell of zona pellucida. This is done by microfabricating a non-planar microfluidic flow-focusing device that enables one-step generation of microcapsules with an alginate hydrogel shell and an aqueous liquid core of cells from two aqueous fluids. Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells encapsulated in the liquid core are found to survive well (>92%). Moreover, ~20 ES cells in the core can proliferate to form a single ES cell aggregate in each microcapsule within 7 days while at least a few hundred cells are usually needed by the commonly used hanging-drop method to form an embryoid body (EB) in each hanging drop. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses show significantly higher expression of pluripotency marker genes in the 3D aggregated ES cells compared to the cells under 2D culture. The aggregated ES cells can be efficiently differentiated into beating cardiomyocytes using a small molecule (cardiogenol C) without complex combination of multiple growth factors. Taken together, the novel 3D microfluidic and pre-hatching embryo-like microcapsule systems are of importance to facilitate in vitro culture of pluripotent stem cells for their ever-increasing use in modern cell-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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50
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Kim JA, Choi JH, Kim M, Rhee WJ, Son B, Jung HK, Park TH. High-throughput generation of spheroids using magnetic nanoparticles for three-dimensional cell culture. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8555-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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