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Tsikas D. Acetazolamide and human carbonic anhydrases: retrospect, review and discussion of an intimate relationship. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2291336. [PMID: 38078375 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2291336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetazolamide (AZM) is a strong pharmacological sulphonamide-type (R-SO2-NH2, pKa 7.2) inhibitor of the activity of several carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms, notably of renal CA II (Ki, 12 nM) and CA IV (Ki, 74 nM). AZM is clinically used for about eighty years in various diseases including epilepsy and glaucoma. Pharmacological AZM increases temporarily the urinary excretion of bicarbonate (HCO3-) and sodium ions (Na+) and sustainably the urinary pH. AZM is excreted almost unchanged over several hours at high rates in the urine. Closely parallel concentrations of circulating and excretory AZM are observed upon administration of therapeutical doses of AZM. In a proof-of-principle study, we investigated the effects of the ingestion of a 250-mg AZM-containing tablet by a healthy volunteer on the urinary excretion of organic and inorganic substances over 5 h (range, 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5 h). Measured analytes included: AZM, amino acids and their metabolites such as guanidinoacetate, i.e. the precursor of creatine, of asymmetrically (ADMA) and symmetrically (SDMA) dimethylated arginine, nitrite (O = N-O-, pKa 3.4) and nitrate (O2N-O-, pKa -1.37), the major metabolites of nitric oxide (NO), the C-H acidic malondialdehyde (MDA; (CHO)2CH2, pKa 4.5), and creatinine for correction of analytes excretion. All analytes were measured by validated isotopologues using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. AZM excretion in the urine reached its maximum value after 2 h and was fairly stable for the next 3 h. Time series analysis by the ARIMA method was performed. AZM ingestion increased temporarily the urinary excretion of the amino acids Leu + Ile, nitrite and nitrate, decreased temporarily the urinary excretion of other amino acids. AZM decreased sustainably the urinary excretion of MDA, a biomarker of oxidative stress (i.e. lipid peroxidation). Whether this decrease is due to inhibition of the excretion of MDA or attenuation of oxidative stress by AZM is unknown. The acute and chronic effects of AZM on the urinary excretion of electrolytes and physiological substances reported in the literature are discussed in depth in the light of its extraordinary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Tolerance development/drug resistance to AZM in chronic use and potential mechanisms are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikas
- Core Unit Proteomics, Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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2
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Rodrigues P, Bangali H, Hammoud A, Mustafa YF, Al-Hetty HRAK, Alkhafaji AT, Deorari MM, Al-Taee MM, Zabibah RS, Alsalamy A. COX 2-inhibitors; a thorough and updated survey into combinational therapies in cancers. Med Oncol 2024; 41:41. [PMID: 38165473 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes are pivotal in inflammation and cancer development. COX-2, in particular, has been implicated in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. Recently, COX-2 inhibitors have arisen as potential therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. In addition, combining COX inhibitors with other treatment modalities has demonstrated the potential to improve therapeutic efficacy. This review aims to investigate the effects of COX inhibition, both alone and in combination with other methods, on signaling pathways and carcinogenesis in various cancers. In this study, a literature search of all major academic databases was conducted (PubMed, Scholar google), including the leading research on the mechanisms of COX-2, COX-2 inhibitors, monotherapy with COX-2 inhibitors, and combining COX-2-inhibitors with chemotherapeutic agents in tumors. The study encompasses preclinical and clinical evidence, highlighting the positive findings and the potential implications for clinical practice. According to preclinical studies, multiple signaling pathways implicated in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis can be suppressed by inhibiting COX. In addition, combining COX inhibitors with chemotherapy drugs, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and miRNA-based approaches has enhanced anti-tumor activity. These results suggest that combination therapy has the potential to overcome resistance mechanisms and improve treatment outcomes. However, caution must be exercised when selecting and administering combination regimens. Not all combinations of COX-2 inhibitors with other drugs result in synergistic effects; some may even have unfavorable interactions. Therefore, personalized approaches that consider the specific characteristics of the cancer and the medications involved are crucial for optimizing therapeutic strategies. In conclusion, as monotherapy or combined with other methods, COX inhibition bears promise in modulating signaling pathways and inhibiting carcinogenesis in various cancers. Additional studies and well-designed clinical trials are required to completely elucidate the efficacy of COX inhibition and combination therapy in enhancing cancer treatment outcomes. This narrative review study provides a detailed summary of COX-2 monotherapy and combination targeted therapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rodrigues
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Asir-Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Harun Bangali
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Asir-Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Hammoud
- Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mishref Campus, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Kuwait.
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | | | | | - Maha Medha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | | | - Rahman S Zabibah
- College of Medical Technique, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna, 66002, Iraq
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Supuran CT. A simple yet multifaceted 90 years old, evergreen enzyme: Carbonic anhydrase, its inhibition and activation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 93:129411. [PMID: 37507055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) research over the last three decades are presented, with an emphasis on the deciphering of the activation mechanism, the development of isoform-selective inhibitors/ activators by the tail approach and their applications in the management of obesity, hypoxic tumors, neurological conditions, and as antiinfectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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4
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Pourbaghi M, Haghani L, Zhao K, Karimi A, Marinelli B, Erinjeri JP, Geschwind JFH, Yarmohammadi H. Anti-Glycolytic Drugs in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systemic and Locoregional Options. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:6609-6622. [PMID: 37504345 PMCID: PMC10377758 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30070485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Locoregional therapies, including transarterial embolization (TAE: bland embolization), chemoembolization (TACE), and radioembolization, have demonstrated survival benefits when treating patients with unresectable HCC. TAE and TACE occlude the tumor's arterial supply, causing hypoxia and nutritional deprivation and ultimately resulting in tumor necrosis. Embolization blocks the aerobic metabolic pathway. However, tumors, including HCC, use the "Warburg effect" and survive hypoxia from embolization. An adaptation to hypoxia through the Warburg effect, which was first described in 1956, is when the cancer cells switch to glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. Hence, this is also known as aerobic glycolysis. In this article, the adaptation mechanisms of HCC, including glycolysis, are discussed, and anti-glycolytic treatments, including systemic and locoregional options that have been previously reported or have the potential to be utilized in the treatment of HCC, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Pourbaghi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | - Leila Haghani
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | - Ken Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | - Anita Karimi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | - Brett Marinelli
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | - Joseph P. Erinjeri
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | | | - Hooman Yarmohammadi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
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Sharma V, Kumar R, Angeli A, Supuran CT, Sharma PK. Benzenesulfonamides with trisubstituted triazole motif as selective carbonic anhydrase I, II, IV, and IX inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200391. [PMID: 36316236 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Twenty novel 1,2,3-triazole benzenesulfonamides featuring nitrile 8a-g, carbothioamide 9a-f, and N'-hydroxycarboximidamide 10a-g functionalities were designed and synthesized to improve potency and selectivity as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs). The synthesized 1,2,3-triazole compounds were tested in vitro as CAIs against four physiologically and pharmacologically relevant isoforms of human carbonic anhydrase (hCA I, II, IV, and IX). Compounds 8a-g, 9a-f, and 10a-g displayed variable inhibition constants ranging from 8.1 nM to 3.22 μM for hCA I, 4.7 nM to 0.50 μM for hCA II, 15.0 nM to 3.7 μM for hCA IV, and 29.6 nM to 0.27 μM for hCA IX. As per the inhibition data profile, compounds 9a-e exhibited strong efficacy for hCA IV, whereas the inhibition was found to be somewhat diminished in the case of hCA IX by nearly all the compounds. A computational protocol based on docking and MM-GBSA was conducted to reveal the plausible interactions of the targeted sulfonamides within the hCA II and IX binding sites. The outcomes of appending various functionalities at the C-4 position of the 1,2,3-triazole motif over the inhibition potential and selectivity of the designed sulfonamides were examined with a potential for the discovery of new isoform selective CAIs. The CAI and SAR data established the significance of the synthesized 1,2,3-triazoles as building blocks for developing CAI drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.,Pt. Chiranji Lal Sharma Government College, Karnal, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Ch. Mani Ram Godara Government College for Women, Fatehabad, India
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Pawan K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
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Kolade SO, Izunobi JU, Gordon AT, Hosten EC, Olasupo IA, Ogunlaja AS, Asekun OT, Familoni OB. N-Cycloamino substituent effects on the packing architecture of ortho-sulfanilamide molecular crystals and their in silico carbonic anhydrase II and IX inhibitory activities. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2022; 78:730-742. [PMID: 36468556 PMCID: PMC9720883 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229622010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for new `sulfa drugs' with therapeutic properties, o-nitrosulfonamides and N-cycloamino-o-sulfanilamides were synthesized and characterized using techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). The calculated density functional theory (DFT)-optimized geometry of the molecules showed similar conformations to those obtained by SC-XRD. Molecular docking of N-piperidinyl-o-sulfanilamide and N-indolinyl-o-sulfanilamide supports the notion that o-sulfanilamides are able to bind to human carbonic anhydrase II and IX inhibitors (hCA II and IX; PDB entries 4iwz and 5fl4). Hirshfeld surface analyses and DFT studies of three o-nitrosulfonamides {1-[(2-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]pyrrolidine, C10H12N2O4S, 1, 1-[(2-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]piperidine, C11H14N2O4S, 2, and 1-[(2-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole, C14H12N2O4S, 3} and three N-cycloamino-o-sulfanilamides [2-(pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)aniline, C10H14N2O2S, 4, 2-(piperidine-1-sulfonyl)aniline, C11H16N2O2S, 5, and 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-1-sulfonyl)aniline, C14H14N2O2S, 6] suggested that forces such as hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions hold molecules together and further showed that charge transfer could promote bioactivity and the ability to form biological interactions at the piperidinyl and phenyl moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif O. Kolade
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | | | - Allen T. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Eric C. Hosten
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Idris A. Olasupo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adeniyi S. Ogunlaja
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Olayinka T. Asekun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
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7
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LC-MS/MS Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxicity of the Ethanolic Extract of Atriplex halimus L. against Breast Cancer Cell Lines: Computational Studies and Experimental Validation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091156. [PMID: 36145377 PMCID: PMC9503641 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atriplex halimus L., also known as Mediterranean saltbush, and locally as "Lgtef", an halophytic shrub, is used extensively to treat a wide variety of ailments in Morocco. The present study was undertaken to determine the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the ethanolic extract of A. halimus leaves (AHEE). We first determined the phytochemical composition of AHEE using a liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technique. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using different methods including DPPH scavenging capacity, β-carotene bleaching assay, ABTS scavenging, iron chelation, and the total antioxidant capacity assays. Cytotoxicity was investigated against human cancer breast cells lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The results showed that the components of the extract are composed of phenolic acids and flavonoids. The DPPH test showed strong scavenging capacity for the leaf extract (IC50 of 0.36 ± 0.05 mg/mL) in comparison to ascorbic acid (IC50 of 0.19 ± 0.02 mg/mL). The β-carotene test determined an IC50 of 2.91 ± 0.14 mg/mL. The IC50 values of ABTS, iron chelation, and TAC tests were 44.10 ± 2.92 TE µmol/mL, 27.40 ± 1.46 mg/mL, and 124 ± 1.27 µg AAE/mg, respectively. In vitro, the AHE extract showed significant inhibitory activity in all tested tumor cell lines, and the inhibition activity was found in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, computational techniques such as molecular docking and ADMET analysis were used in this work. Moreover, the physicochemical parameters related to the compounds' pharmacokinetic indicators were evaluated, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity prediction (Pro-Tox II).
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8
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Hopkins MD, Witt RC, Flusche AME, Philo JE, Ozmer GL, Purser GH, Sheaff RJ, Lamar AA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-alkyl sulfonamides derived from polycyclic hydrocarbon scaffolds using a nitrogen-centered radical approach. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6680-6693. [PMID: 35950721 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01291j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic hydrocarbons (PH) provide intriguing potential as lipophilic scaffolds within medicinal chemistry, but are currently limited by the availability of synthetic tools for predictable modification of the PH unit. Herein we report the development of new methods for installation of a sulfonamide unit to PH cores. In the first method, a xanthate ester serves as reagent for aminosulfonation using pre-formed imidoiodinane as N-source. An investigation of the reaction mechanism was performed to implicate a process involving a N-centered radical. An additional method for sulfonamide installation is described that involves the use of commercially available reagents and operationally convenient conditions. Using the new synthetic methods, 22 compounds were prepared and screened for biological activity against 6 mammalian cell lines along with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Results of the viability assays have identified compounds that exhibit higher potency than other known anticancer agents such as indisulam and ABT-751. Additionally, the physicochemical and drug-likeness properties of the synthesized compounds have been determined experimentally and using in silico predictive tools. The initial exploration into sulfonamide insertion into PH cores has resulted in a number of compounds that warrant further development to produce molecules with therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan D Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74104, USA.
| | - Ryan C Witt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74104, USA.
| | - Ann Marie E Flusche
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74104, USA.
| | - John E Philo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74104, USA.
| | - Garett L Ozmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74104, USA.
| | - Gordon H Purser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74104, USA.
| | - Robert J Sheaff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74104, USA.
| | - Angus A Lamar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74104, USA.
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9
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Hamdy MM, Abdel-Rahman MS, Badary DM, Sabra MS. Effects of furosemide and tadalafil in both conventional and nanoforms against adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:117. [PMID: 35820963 PMCID: PMC9275182 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a progressive loss of renal function that lead to reduced sodium filtration and inappropriate suppression of tubular reabsorption that ultimately leads to volume expansion. The aim of this study was to study the efficacy of furosemide and tadalafil nanoforms compared to conventional forms against adenine-induced CRF rat-model. METHODS Addition of 0.75% adenine to the diet of rats for 4 weeks gained general acceptance as a model to study kidney damage as this intervention mimicked most of the structural and functional changes seen in human chronic kidney disease Urine analysis, histopathological changes and immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in renal tissues were performed. RESULTS Our results showed that the combination of tadalafil and furosemide using conventional and nanoparticle formulations had better renoprotective effect than individual drugs. This was demonstrated by improvement of urinary, serum and renal tissue markers as indicative of organ damage. This was also reflected on the reduction of tubular expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Immunohistochemical studies showed that the deteriorated renal cellular changes indicated by increased expression of caspase-3 and IL-1β were greatly improved by the combined treatment particularly with the nanoforms. CONCLUSIONS The nanoforms of both furosemide and tadalafil had greater renopreventive effects compared with conventional forms against adenine-induced CRF in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahran S Abdel-Rahman
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New Assuit, 71526, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Badary
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt, Assuit, 71526, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Sabra
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assuit, 71526, Egypt.
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10
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Löscher W, Kaila K. CNS pharmacology of NKCC1 inhibitors. Neuropharmacology 2021; 205:108910. [PMID: 34883135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1 and the neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 are considered attractive CNS drug targets because altered neuronal chloride regulation and consequent effects on GABAergic signaling have been implicated in numerous CNS disorders. While KCC2 modulators are not yet clinically available, the loop diuretic bumetanide has been used off-label in attempts to treat brain disorders and as a tool for NKCC1 inhibition in preclinical models. Bumetanide is known to have anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects under some pathophysiological conditions. However, as shown in several species from neonates to adults (mice, rats, dogs, and by extrapolation in humans), at the low clinical doses of bumetanide approved for diuresis, this drug has negligible access into the CNS, reaching levels that are much lower than what is needed to inhibit NKCC1 in cells within the brain parenchyma. Several drug discovery strategies have been initiated over the last ∼15 years to develop brain-permeant compounds that, ideally, should be selective for NKCC1 to eliminate the diuresis mediated by inhibition of renal NKCC2. The strategies employed to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of NKCC1 blockers include evaluation of other clinically approved loop diuretics; development of lipophilic prodrugs of bumetanide; development of side-chain derivatives of bumetanide; and unbiased high-throughput screening approaches of drug discovery based on large chemical compound libraries. The main outcomes are that (1), non-acidic loop diuretics such as azosemide and torasemide may have advantages as NKCC1 inhibitors vs. bumetanide; (2), bumetanide prodrugs lead to significantly higher brain levels than the parent drug and have lower diuretic activity; (3), the novel bumetanide side-chain derivatives do not exhibit any functionally relevant improvement of CNS accessibility or NKCC1 selectivity vs. bumetanide; (4) novel compounds discovered by high-throughput screening may resolve some of the inherent problems of bumetanide, but as yet this has not been achieved. Thus, further research is needed to optimize the design of brain-permeant NKCC1 inhibitors. In parallel, a major challenge is to identify the mechanisms whereby various NKCC1-expressing cellular targets of these drugs within (e.g., neurons, oligodendrocytes or astrocytes) and outside the brain parenchyma (e.g., the blood-brain barrier, the choroid plexus, and the endocrine system), as well as molecular off-target effects, might contribute to their reported therapeutic and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Löscher
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Germany.
| | - Kai Kaila
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences and Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Finland
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Yu. Moskalik M, Garagan IA, Ganin AS, Astakhova VV, Sterkhova IV, Shainyan BA. Oxidative sulfonamidation of O-containing vinylsilanes. A new route to novel heterocycles and amidines. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Baranauskiene L, Škiudaitė L, Michailovienė V, Petrauskas V, Matulis D. Thiazide and other Cl-benzenesulfonamide-bearing clinical drug affinities for human carbonic anhydrases. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253608. [PMID: 34166457 PMCID: PMC8224972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms catalyze carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and acid protons and are responsible for many biological functions in human body. Despite their vital functions, they are also responsible for, or implicated in, numerous ailments and diseases such as glaucoma, high altitude sickness, and cancer. Because CA isoforms are highly homologous, clinical drugs designed to inhibit enzymatic activity of a particular isoform, can also bind to others with similar affinity causing toxic side effects. In this study, the affinities of twelve CA isoforms have been determined for nineteen clinically used drugs used to treat hypertension related diseases, i.e. thiazides, indapamide, and metolazone. Their affinities were determined using a fluorescent thermal shift assay. Stopped flow assay and isothermal titration calorimetry were also employed on a subset of compounds and proteins to confirm inhibition of CA enzymatic activity and verify the quantitative agreement between different assays. The findings of this study showed that pharmaceuticals could bind to human CA isoforms with variable affinities and inhibit their catalytic activity, even though the drug was intended to interact with a different (non-CA) protein target. Relatively minor structural changes of the compounds may cause significant changes in affinity and selectivity for a particular CA isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Baranauskiene
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lina Škiudaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Pharmacy Center, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Michailovienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Petrauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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13
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Emerging role of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1233-1249. [PMID: 34013961 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) was clinically exploited for decades, as most modern diuretics were obtained considering as lead molecule acetazolamide, the prototypical CA inhibitor (CAI). The discovery and characterization of multiple human CA (hCA) isoforms, 15 of which being known today, led to new applications of their inhibitors. They include widely clinically used antiglaucoma, antiepileptic and antiobesity agents, antitumor drugs in clinical development, as well as drugs for the management of acute mountain sickness and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Emerging roles of several CA isoforms in areas not generally connected to these enzymes were recently documented, such as in neuropathic pain, cerebral ischemia, rheumatoid arthritis, oxidative stress and Alzheimer's disease. Proof-of-concept studies thus emerged by using isoform-selective inhibitors, which may lead to new clinical applications in such areas. Relevant preclinical models are available for these pathologies due to the availability of isoform-selective CAIs for all human isoforms, belonging to novel classes of compounds, such as coumarins, sulfocoumarins, dithiocarbamates, benzoxaboroles, apart the classical sulfonamide inhibitors. The inhibition of CAs from pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoans or nematodes started recently to be considered for obtaining anti-infectives with a new mechanism of action.
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14
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Moskalik MY, Garagan IA, Astakhova VV, Sterkhova IV, Shainyan BA. Solvent-dependent oxidative triflamidation of alkenes and N(O)-Heterocyclization of the products. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Luchinat E, Barbieri L, Cremonini M, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Banci L. Intracellular Binding/Unbinding Kinetics of Approved Drugs to Carbonic Anhydrase II Observed by in-Cell NMR. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2792-2800. [PMID: 32955851 PMCID: PMC7735671 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Candidate
drugs rationally designed in vitro often
fail due to low efficacy in vivo caused by low tissue
availability or because of unwanted side effects. To overcome the
limitations of in vitro rational drug design, the
binding of candidate drugs to their target needs to be evaluated in
the cellular context. Here, we applied in-cell NMR to investigate
the binding of a set of approved drugs to the isoform II of carbonic
anhydrase (CA) in living human cells. Some compounds were originally
developed toward other targets and were later found to inhibit CAs.
We observed strikingly different dose- and time-dependent binding,
wherein some drugs exhibited a more complex behavior than others.
Specifically, some compounds were shown to gradually unbind from intracellular
CA II, even in the presence of free compound in the external medium,
therefore preventing the quantitative formation of a stable protein–ligand
complex. Such observations could be correlated to the known off-target
binding activity of these compounds, suggesting that this approach
could provide information on the pharmacokinetic profiles of lead
candidates at the early stages of multitarget drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Luchinat
- CERM − Magnetic Resonance Center, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase − CSGI, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Letizia Barbieri
- CERM − Magnetic Resonance Center, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Matteo Cremonini
- CERM − Magnetic Resonance Center, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lucia Banci
- CERM − Magnetic Resonance Center, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Grib I, Berredjem M, Rachedi KO, Djouad SE, Bouacida S, Bahadi R, Ouk TS, Kadri M, Ben Hadda T, Belhani B. Novel N-sulfonylphthalimides: Efficient synthesis, X-ray characterization, spectral investigations, POM analyses, DFT computations and antibacterial activity. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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The Anticancer Activity for the Bumetanide-Based Analogs via Targeting the Tumor-Associated Membrane-Bound Human Carbonic Anhydrase-IX Enzyme. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090252. [PMID: 32961906 PMCID: PMC7558282 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane-bound human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) IX is widely recognized as a marker of tumor hypoxia and a prognostic factor within several human cancers. Being undetected in most normal tissues, hCA-IX implies the pharmacotherapeutic advent of reduced off-target adverse effects. We assessed the potential anticancer activity of bumetanide-based analogues to inhibit the hCA-IX enzymatic activity and cell proliferation of two solid cancer cell lines, namely kidney carcinoma (A-498) and bladder squamous cell carcinoma (SCaBER). Bumetanide analogues efficiently inhibit the target hCA-IX in low nanomolar activity (IC50 = 4.4–23.7 nM) and have an excellent selectivity profile (SI = 14.5–804) relative to the ubiquitous hCA-II isoform. Additionally, molecular docking studies provided insights into the compounds’ structure–activity relationship and preferential binding of small-sized as well as selective bulky ligands towards the hCA-IX pocket. In particular, 2,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivative 9c displayed pronounced hCA-IX inhibitory activity and impressive antiproliferative activity on oncogenic A-498 kidney carcinoma cells and is being considered as a promising anticancer candidate. Future studies will aim to optimize this compound to fine-tune its anticancer activity as well as explore its potential through in-vivo preclinical studies.
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Abstract
Diuretics are listed in hypertension guidelines as one of three equally weighted first-line treatment options. In order to differentiate between antihypertensives, a lot of discussion has been directed at side effect profiles and as a result, has created a perhaps disproportionate fear of the metabolic effects that can be associated with diuretics. Data, however, show that the risk of a clinically meaningful change in laboratory parameters is very low, whereas the benefits of volume control and natriuresis are high and the reductions in morbidity and mortality are clinically significant. Moreover, as clinically significant differences in safety and efficacy profiles exist among diuretics, several international guidelines have started making a distinction between thiazides (hydrochlorothiazide) and thiazide-like (chlorthalidone, indapamide) diuretics; and some of them now recommend longer acting thiazide-like diuretics. In time, pending more data, chlorthalidone and indapamide may need to be subdivided further into separate classifications.
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Khalil OM, Kamal AM, Bua S, El Sayed Teba H, Nissan YM, Supuran CT. Pyrrolo and pyrrolopyrimidine sulfonamides act as cytotoxic agents in hypoxia via inhibition of transmembrane carbonic anhydrases. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 188:112021. [PMID: 31901743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel sulfonamide derivatives bearing pyrrole and pyrrolopyrimidine scaffolds were synthesized and screened as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The inhibition activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against the cytosolic human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I and II and the transmembranal isoforms IX and XII. Several candidates showed potent inhibitory activity against IX and XII isoforms. Furthermore, ex vivo screening of cytotoxic selectivity and activity of the most potent derivatives were carried out against normal cells (WI38) and cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) under normal and hypoxic conditions using acetazolamide as reference drug. Compound 11b potency was nearly three folds higher in hypoxic than normoxic condition whereas that of compound 11f was nearly four folds higher in hypoxic vs. normoxic HeLa cells. All the screened derivatives exhibited less potency on normal cells (WI38). Molecular docking was carried out to discover the possible binding mode of compounds within the active site of isoform CA IX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omneya M Khalil
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aliaa M Kamal
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt; Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 11787, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Silvia Bua
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Heba El Sayed Teba
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 11787, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Yassin M Nissan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 11787, Giza, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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20
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Mahboubi Rabbani SMI, Zarghi A. Selective COX-2 inhibitors as anticancer agents: a patent review (2014-2018). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:407-427. [PMID: 31132889 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1623880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COX-2 is a key enzyme in the process of prostaglandins (PGs) synthesis. The products of this enzyme could play a major role as the mediators of the inflammatory response and some other medical states such as cancer. The design and synthesis of novel selective COX-2 inhibitors have always been attractive to researchers. This review discusses the structures of novel COX-2 inhibitors synthesized during the last five years and describes their efficacy as anticancer agents. AREAS COVERED It is well established that COX-2 is overexpressed in many different cancers and treatment with selective COX-2 inhibitors could relieve their symptoms and limit their adverse sequences. EXPERT OPINION The diversity of selective COX-2 inhibitors is mainly related to the types of scaffolds. Monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, and acyclic scaffolds with different pharmacological effects and toxicological profiles could be found in the family of selective COX-2 inhibitors. The great interest of the researchers in this field is due to the importance of selective COX-2 inhibitors as a relatively safe and effective set of compounds which could present different properties such as antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-Parkinson's disease, and anticancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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21
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Huentupil Y, Peña L, Novoa N, Berrino E, Arancibia R, Supuran CT. New sulfonamides containing organometallic-acylhydrazones: synthesis, characterisation and biological evaluation as inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:451-458. [PMID: 30734605 PMCID: PMC6327986 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1555156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of organometallic acylhydrazones was prepared, incorporating Re(CO)3, Mn(CO)3 and ferrocenyl moieties, which were subsequently reacted with amino-sulfonamides in order to obtain carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors possessing organometallic moieties in their molecules. The new derivatives were investigated as inhibitors of four human (h) CA isoforms with pharmaceutical applications, such as the cytosolic hCA I, II and VII and the mitochondrial hCA VA. An interesting inhibitory profile against these isoforms was obtained, with some of these metal complexes acting as subnanomolar or low nanomolar inhibitors. They were also thoroughly characterised from the chemical point of view, making them of interest for further developments in the field of metal complexes of sulfonamides with CA inhibitory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosselin Huentupil
- a Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Organometálica, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| | - Luis Peña
- a Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Organometálica, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| | - Néstor Novoa
- a Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Organometálica, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| | - Emanuela Berrino
- b Dipartimento Neurofarba , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Firenze , Italy
| | - Rodrigo Arancibia
- a Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Organometálica, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- b Dipartimento Neurofarba , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Firenze , Italy
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22
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Kwon J, Kim BM. Synthesis of Arenesulfonyl Fluorides via Sulfuryl Fluoride Incorporation from Arynes. Org Lett 2018; 21:428-433. [PMID: 30592614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-free multicomponent reactions involving aryne precursors, secondary amines, and sulfuryl fluoride are reported herein. Zwitterionic intermediates formed from the reaction of arynes with amine nucleophiles can capture SO2F2 under mild conditions, offering a novel and practical protocol for the synthesis of 2-dialkyl-, 2-alkylaryl-, or 2-diarylamino-substituted arenesulfonyl fluoride derivatives in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - B Moon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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23
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De Simone G. Targeted treatment of anaerobic cancer. Patent evaluation of US2016279084 and US2017056350. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 29:1-6. [PMID: 30556445 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1558210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Based on the initial studies of J. Folkman in 1970s, which led to the proposal of the antiangiogenic therapy, many drugs targeting VEGF or its receptors have been developed with some of them approved for cancer treatment. However, these molecules so far have shown only a limited effect on survival benefits in patients. Thus, new approaches are needed to treat this disease. Considering that cancer utilizes both aerobic and anaerobic glycolytic pathway, authors of patents US2016279084 and US2017056350 propose a method to eradicate the disease, able to affect both metabolic pathways. Areas covered: Patent US2016279084 describes a method consisting of the utilization of either a pharmaceutical cocktail containing antiglycolytic agents (a lactate transporter inhibitor and a NKCC inhibitor) and an angiogenesis inhibitor or a pharmaceutical cocktail containing a lactate transporter inhibitor and an angiogenesis inhibitor in combination with blood vessel occlusion. Patent US2017056350 is strictly related to US2016279084; indeed, it proposes a method consisting of blood vessel occlusion and treatment with a pharmaceutical cocktail, containing the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor bumetanide in presence or absence of an angiogenesis inhibitor. Expert opinion: Although the proposed methodology is very interesting and promising, further studies are necessary to assess the clinical applicability of the inventions.
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24
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da Rosa R, Zimmermann LA, de Moraes MH, Schneider NFZ, Schappo AD, Simões CMDO, Steindel M, Schenkel EP, Bernardes LSC. Synthesis and biological evaluation of isoxazolyl-sulfonamides: A non-cytotoxic scaffold active against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania amazonensis and Herpes Simplex Virus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3381-3384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Ahmad S, Alam O, Naim MJ, Shaquiquzzaman M, Alam MM, Iqbal M. Pyrrole: An insight into recent pharmacological advances with structure activity relationship. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:527-561. [PMID: 30119011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole is a heterocyclic ring template with multiple pharmacophores that provides a way for the generation of library of enormous lead molecules. Owing to its vast pharmacological profile, pyrrole and its analogues have drawn much attention of the researchers/chemists round the globe to be explored exhaustively for the benefit of mankind. This review focusses on recent advancements; pertaining to pyrrole scaffold, discussing various aspects of structure activity relationship and its bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujauddin Ahmad
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 62, India
| | - Ozair Alam
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 62, India.
| | - Mohd Javed Naim
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 62, India
| | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 62, India
| | - M Mumtaz Alam
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 62, India
| | - Muzaffar Iqbal
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abdoli M, Bozdag M, Angeli A, Supuran CT. Benzamide-4-Sulfonamides Are Effective Human Carbonic Anhydrase I, II, VII, and IX Inhibitors. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8020037. [PMID: 29857578 PMCID: PMC6027465 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of benzamides incorporating 4-sulfamoyl moieties were obtained by reacting 4-sulfamoyl benzoic acid with primary and secondary amines and amino acids. These sulfonamides were investigated as inhibitors of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). The human (h) isoforms hCA II, VII, and IX were inhibited in the low nanomolar or subnanomolar ranges, whereas hCA I was slightly less sensitive to inhibition (KIs of 5.3–334 nM). The β- and γ-class CAs from pathogenic bacteria and fungi, such as Vibrio cholerae and Malassezia globosa, were inhibited in the micromolar range by the sulfonamides reported in the paper. The benzamide-4-sulfonamides are a promising class of highly effective CA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abdoli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 6813833946, Iran.
| | - Murat Bozdag
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
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Sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Zinc coordination and tail effects influence inhibitory efficacy and selectivity for different isoforms. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Development of sulfonamides incorporating phenylacrylamido functionalities as carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IX and XII inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5726-5732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Mohammadipanah F, Salimi F. Potential biological targets for bioassay development in drug discovery of Sturge-Weber syndrome. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:359-369. [PMID: 28941044 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS) is a neurocutaneous disease with clinical manifestations including ocular (glaucoma), cutaneous (port-wine birthmark), neurologic (seizures), and vascular problems. Molecular mechanisms of SWS pathogenesis are initiated by the somatic mutation in GNAQ. Therefore, no definite treatments exist for SWS and treatment options only mitigate the intensity of its clinical manifestations. Biological assay design for drug discovery against this syndrome demands comprehensive knowledge on mechanisms which are involved in its pathogenesis. By analysis of the interrelated molecular targets of SWS, some in vitro bioassay systems can be allotted for drug screening against its progression. Development of such platforms of bioassay can bring along the implementation of high-throughput screening of natural or synthetic compounds in drug discovery programs. Regarding the fact that study of molecular targets and their integration in biological assay design can facilitate the process of effective drug discovery; some potential biological targets and their respective biological assay for SWS drug discovery are propounded in this review. For this purpose, some biological targets for SWS drug discovery such as acetylcholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, GABAergic receptors, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1α and 2α are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammadipanah
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Salimi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Carta F, Vullo D, Osman SM, AlOthman Z, Supuran CT. Synthesis and carbonic anhydrase inhibition of a series of SLC-0111 analogs. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2569-2576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Ivanova J, Carta F, Vullo D, Leitans J, Kazaks A, Tars K, Žalubovskis R, Supuran CT. N-Substituted and ring opened saccharin derivatives selectively inhibit transmembrane, tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases IX and XII. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3583-3589. [PMID: 28416101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-substituted saccharins incorporating aryl, alkyl and alkynyl moieties, as well as some ring opened derivatives were prepared and investigated as inhibitors of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). The widespread cytosolic isoforms CA I and II were not inhibited by these sulfonamides whereas transmembrane, tumor-associated ones were effectively inhibited, with KIs in the range of 22.1-481nM for CA IX and of 3.9-245nM for hCA XII. Although the inhibition mechanism of these tertiary/secondary sulfonamides is unknown for the moment, the good efficacy and especially selectivity for the inhibition of the tumor-associated over the cytosolic, widespread isoforms, make these derivatives of considerable interest as enzyme inhibitors with various pharmacologic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jekaterīna Ivanova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia; Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Str. 3/7, Riga LV-1048, Latvia
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di ScienzeFarmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Janis Leitans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Andris Kazaks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Rātsupītes 1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia; Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Str. 3/7, Riga LV-1048, Latvia.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di ScienzeFarmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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Mohamed MA, Abdel-Aziz AAM, Sakr HM, El-Azab AS, Bua S, Supuran CT. Synthesis and human/bacterial carbonic anhydrase inhibition with a series of sulfonamides incorporating phthalimido moieties. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2524-2529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Entezari Heravi Y, Bua S, Nocentini A, Del Prete S, Saboury AA, Sereshti H, Capasso C, Gratteri P, Supuran CT. Inhibition of Malassezia globosa carbonic anhydrase with phenols. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2577-2582. [PMID: 28343756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A panel of 22 phenols was investigated as inhibitors of the β-class carbonic anhydrase (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) from the fungal parasite Malassezia globosa (MgCA), a validated anti-dandruff drug target. The displayed inhibitory activities were compared to the ones previously reported against the off-target widely distributed human (h) isoforms hCA I and II. All tested phenols possessed a better efficacy in inhibiting MgCA than the clinically used sulfonamide acetazolamide, with KIs in the range of 2.5 and 65.0μM. A homology-built model of MgCA was also used for understanding the binding mode of phenols to the fungal enzyme. Indeed, a wide network of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions between the phenol and active site residues were evidenced. The OH moiety of the inhibitor was observed anchored to the zinc-coordinated water, also making hydrogen bonds with Ser48 and Asp49. The diverse substituents at the phenolic scaffold were observed to interact with different portions of the hydrophobic pocket according to their nature and position. Considering the effective MgCA inhibitory properties of phenols, beside to the rather low inhibition against the off-target hCA I and II, this class of compounds might be of considerable interest in the cosmetics field as potential anti-dandruff drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Entezari Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse (IBBR)-CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Sereshti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse (IBBR)-CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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Bozdag M, Alafeefy AM, Carta F, Ceruso M, Al-Tamimi AMS, Al-Kahtani AA, Alasmary FAS, Supuran CT. Synthesis 4-[2-(2-mercapto-4-oxo-4H-quinazolin-3-yl)-ethyl]-benzenesulfonamides with subnanomolar carbonic anhydrase II and XII inhibitory properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4100-4107. [PMID: 27396930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Condensation of substituted anthranilic acids with 4-isothiocyanatoethyl-benzenesulfonamide led to series of heterocyclic benzenesulfonamides incorporating 2-mercapto-quinazolin-4-one tails. These sulfonamides were investigated as inhibitors of the human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms hCA I and II (cytosolic isozymes), as well as hCA XII (a transmembrane, tumor-associated enzyme also involved in glaucoma-genesis). The new sulfonamides acted as medium potency inhibitors of hCA I (KIs of 28.5-2954nM), being highly effective as hCA II (KIs in the range of 0.62-12.4nM) and XII (KIs of 0.54-7.11nM) inhibitors. All substitution patterns present in these compounds (e.g., halogens, methyl and methoxy moieties, in positions 6, 7 and/or 8 of the 2-mercapto-quinazolin-4-one ring) led to highly effective hCA II/XII inhibitors. These compounds should thus be of interest as preclinical candidates in pathologies in which the activity of these enzymes should be inhibited, such as glaucoma (CA II and XII as targets) or some tumors in which the activity of isoforms CA II and XII is dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Bozdag
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Ahmed M Alafeefy
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, PO Box 141, 25710 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Mariangela Ceruso
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Abdul-Malek S Al-Tamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, PO Box 173, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulla A Al-Kahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, PO Box 173, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah A S Alasmary
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropathic pain affects up to 8% of the population with few therapeutic options for its management. No specific drugs are approved for its treatment. AREAS COVERED Recent advances in understanding the pathological mechanisms of this syndrome and the biochemical/pharmacological characterization of novel drug targets, evidenced carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibition as a new approach for designing antineuropathic pain agents. Expert commentary: Peripheral nerve injury negatively influences spinal γ-aminobutyric (GABA)-ergic networks via a reduction in the neuron-specific potassium-chloride (K(+)-Cl(-)) cotransporter (KCC2), which leads to neuropathic allodynia. CA inhibitors (CAIs) reduce the bicarbonate-dependent depolarization of GABAA receptors, showing analgesic effects. Novel classes of selective sulfonamide CA II/VII inhibitors showed highly improved efficacy in animal models of neuropathic pain, compared to acetazolamide, offering the basis for the development of specific therapies of this syndrome based on selective CA isoforms inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- a Polo Scientifico, NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Florence , Italy
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Diaz JRA, Fernández Baldo M, Echeverría G, Baldoni H, Vullo D, Soria DB, Supuran CT, Camí GE. A substituted sulfonamide and its Co (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II) complexes as potential antifungal agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:51-62. [PMID: 27232977 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1187143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A sulfonamide 1-tosyl-1-H-benzo(d)imidazol-2-amine (TBZA) and three new complexes of Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) have been synthesized. The compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, FTIR, 1H, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The structure of the TBZA, and its Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes, was determined by X-ray diffraction methods. TBZA and its Co(II) complex crystallize in the triclinic P-1 space group, while the Cu(II) complex crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group. Antifungal activity was screened against eight pathogenic yeasts: Candida albicans (DMic 972576), Candida krusei (DMic 951705), Candida glabrata (DMic 982882), Candida tropicalis (DMic 982884), Candida dubliniensis (DMic 93695), Candida guilliermondii (DMic 021150), Cryptococcus neoformans (ATCC 24067), and Cryptococcus gattii (ATCC MYA-4561). Results on the inhibition of various human (h) CAs, hCA I, II, IV, VII, IX, and XII, and pathogenic beta and gamma CAs are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge R A Diaz
- a INTEQUI (CONICET, CCT-San Luis), Área de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Martín Fernández Baldo
- b INQUISAL (CONICET, CCT-San Luis), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Gustavo Echeverría
- c LANADI - IFLP (CONICET, CCT-La Plata), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - Héctor Baldoni
- d Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis (IMASL-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Luis , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Daniela Vullo
- e Neurofarba Department, University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze) , Italy , and
| | - Delia B Soria
- f CEQUINOR (CONICET, CCT-La Plata), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- e Neurofarba Department, University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze) , Italy , and
| | - Gerardo E Camí
- a INTEQUI (CONICET, CCT-San Luis), Área de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis , San Luis , Argentina
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Ghorab MM, Alsaid MS, Al-Dosary MS, Nissan YM, Attia SM. Design, synthesis and anticancer activity of some novel thioureido-benzenesulfonamides incorporated biologically active moieties. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:19. [PMID: 27057207 PMCID: PMC4823908 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many thiourea derivatives have exhibited biological activities including anticancer activity through several mechanisms. On the other hand, benzenesulfonamide derivatives have proven to be good anticancer agents. Hybrids of both moieties could be further developed to explore their biological activity as anticancer. Results Novel series of thioureidobenzenesulfonamides incorporating miscellaneous biologically active moieties 3–17 were designed and synthesized utilizing 4-isothiocyanatobenzenesulfonamide 2 as strategic starting material. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established on the basis of elemental analyses, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral data. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines. Most of the synthesized compounds showed good activity, especially compounds 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 15 and 16 which exhibited good activity higher than or comparable to the reference drugs, DCF and Doxorubicin, except breast cancer line. As a trial to suggest the mechanism of action of the active compounds, molecular docking on the active site of mitogen kinase enzyme (MK-2) was performed and good results were obtained especially for compound 3. Conclusion Compounds 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 15 and 16 may represent good candidates for further biological investigations as anticancer agents. Their cytotoxic activity could be due to their action as MK-2 enzyme inhibitors.Compound 3 on the active site of MK-2 enzyme ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Ghorab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia ; Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mansour S Alsaid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Al-Dosary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yassin M Nissan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
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Alafeefy AM, Carta F, Ceruso M, Al-Tamimi AMS, Al-Kahtani AA, Supuran CT. Development of 3-(4-aminosulphonyl)-phenyl-2-mercapto-3H-quinazolin-4-ones as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase isoforms involved in tumorigenesis and glaucoma. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1402-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Huang X, Dorhout Mees E, Vos P, Hamza S, Braam B. Everything we always wanted to know about furosemide but were afraid to ask. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F958-71. [PMID: 26911852 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00476.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Furosemide is a widely used, potent natriuretic drug, which inhibits the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC)-2 in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle applied to reduce extracellular fluid volume expansion in heart and kidney disease. Undesirable consequences of furosemide, such as worsening of kidney function and unpredictable effects on sodium balance, led to this critical evaluation of how inhibition of NKCC affects renal and cardiovascular physiology. This evaluation reveals important knowledge gaps, involving furosemide as a drug, the function of NKCC2 (and NKCC1), and renal and systemic indirect effects of NKCC inhibition. Regarding renal effects, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate could become compromised by activation of tubuloglomerular feedback or by renin release, particularly if renal function is already compromised. Modulation of the intrarenal renin angiotensin system, however, is ill-defined. Regarding systemic effects, vasodilation followed by nonspecific NKCC inhibition and changes in venous compliance are not well understood. Repetitive administration of furosemide induces short-term (braking phenomenon, acute diuretic resistance) and long-term (chronic diuretic resistance) adaptations, of which the mechanisms are not well known. Modulation of NKCC2 expression and activity in kidney and heart failure is ill-defined. Lastly, furosemide's effects on cutaneous sodium stores and on uric acid levels could be beneficial or detrimental. Concluding, a considerable knowledge gap is identified regarding a potent drug with a relatively specific renal target, NKCC2, and renal and systemic actions. Resolving these questions would increase the understanding of NKCCs and their actions and improve rational use of furosemide in pathophysiology of fluid volume expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Evert Dorhout Mees
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Utrecht University, Vorden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Vos
- Dianet Dialysis Centers, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Shereen Hamza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Branko Braam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract
Pendrin is a Na(+)-independent Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger found in the apical regions of type B and non-A, non-B intercalated cells within the aldosterone-sensitive region of the nephron, i.e., the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), the connecting tubule (CNT), and the cortical collecting duct (CCD). Type B intercalated cells mediate Cl(-) absorption and HCO3(-) secretion primarily through pendrin-mediated Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange. This exchanger is upregulated with angiotensin II administration and in models of metabolic alkalosis, such as following administration of aldosterone or NaHCO3. In the absence of pendrin-mediated HCO3(-) secretion, an enhanced alkalosis is observed following aldosterone or NaHCO3 administration. However, probably of more significance is the role of pendrin in the pressor response to aldosterone. Pendrin mediates Cl(-) absorption and modulates aldosterone-induced Na(+) absorption mediated by the epithelial Na channel (ENaC). Pendrin changes ENaC activity by changing both channel open probability (Po) and surface density (N), at least partly by altering luminal HCO3(-) and ATP concentration. Thus aldosterone and angiotensin II stimulate pendrin expression and function, which stimulates ENaC activity, thereby contributing to the pressor response of these hormones. However, pendrin may modulate blood pressure partly through its extrarenal effects. For example, pendrin is expressed in the adrenal medulla, where it modulates catecholamine release. The increase in catecholamine release observed with pendrin gene ablation likely contributes to the increment in vascular contractile force observed in the pendrin null mouse. This review summarizes the signaling mechanisms that regulate pendrin abundance and function as well as the contribution of pendrin to distal nephron function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Wall
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Diaz JRA, Camí GE, Liu-González M, Vega DR, Vullo D, Juárez A, Pedregosa JC, Supuran CT. Salts of 5-amino-2-sulfonamide-1,3,4-thiadiazole, a structural and analog of acetazolamide, show interesting carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties, diuretic, and anticonvulsant action. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:1102-10. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1096270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge R. A. Diaz
- Área De Química General E Inorgánica, Facultad De Química, Bioquímica Y Farmacia, CONICET PIP-6246, Universidad Nacional De San Luis, San Luis, Argentina,
| | - Gerardo Enrique Camí
- Área De Química General E Inorgánica, Facultad De Química, Bioquímica Y Farmacia, CONICET PIP-6246, Universidad Nacional De San Luis, San Luis, Argentina,
| | - Malva Liu-González
- S.C.S.I.E. (Unidad De Rx) – Facultad De Física, Universidad De Valencia, Valencia, Spain,
| | - Daniel R. Vega
- Grupo Materia Condensada, GIyA, GAIyANN, Comisión Nacional De Energía Atómica, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy, and
| | - Américo Juárez
- Laboratorio De Farmacología, Departamento De Farmacia, Facultad De Química, Bioquímica Y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional De San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - José C. Pedregosa
- Área De Química General E Inorgánica, Facultad De Química, Bioquímica Y Farmacia, CONICET PIP-6246, Universidad Nacional De San Luis, San Luis, Argentina,
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy, and
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Sterkhova IV, Nikonov AY, Lazarev IM, Moskalik MY, Lazareva NF. Stereoelectronic structure and self-association of N-trimethylsilylsulfonamides RSO2NHSiMe3 (R = Me, CF3, Ph). RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363215070154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Molecules containing the sulfonamide group (R-SO2NH2) as well as its structurally related isosters, sulfamido (R-NH-SO2NH2) and sulfamato (R-O-SO2NH2), constitute the most important class of inhibitors acting on the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1). Despite their presence in the literature, in general the reports lack of a clear and organic overview linking the main structural features of the clinically used inhibitors with the therapeutic aspects. The current review is intended to highlight the structural basis of the interactions of sulfonamide-like groups within the active site of the carbonic anhydrases and will summarize the clinical use of the most interesting molecules for the treatment of relevant pathologies, such as glaucoma, obesity, cancer and CNS-affecting diseases.
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Novel sulfonamides bearing pyrrole and pyrrolopyrimidine moieties as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Synthesis, cytotoxic activity and molecular modeling. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:186-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Alafeefy AM, Abdel-Aziz HA, Vullo D, Al-Tamimi AMS, Al-Jaber NA, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrases from the extremophilic bacteria Sulfurihydrogenibium yellostonense (SspCA) and S. azorense (SazCA) with a new series of sulfonamides incorporating aroylhydrazone-, [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazinyl- or 2-(cyanophenylmethylene)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3(2H)-yl moieties. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:141-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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46
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Roush GC, Buddharaju V, Ernst ME, Holford TR. Chlorthalidone: Mechanisms of Action and Effect on Cardiovascular Events. Curr Hypertens Rep 2013; 15:514-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-013-0372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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47
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Carta F, Supuran CT. Diuretics with carbonic anhydrase inhibitory action: a patent and literature review (2005 - 2013). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:681-91. [PMID: 23488823 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.780598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The benzothiadiazines and high ceiling diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, quinethazone, metolazone, chlorthalidone, indapamide, furosemide and bumetanide) contain primary sulfamoyl moieties acting as zinc-binding groups in the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). These drugs are widely used clinically and were recently shown to weakly inhibit isoforms CA I and II, but to possess stronger activity against isoforms involved in other important pathologies, for example, obesity, cancer, epilepsy and hypertension. AREAS COVERED The class of clinically used diuretics, with CA inhibitory properties, is the main topic of the review. A patent literature review covering the period from 2005 to 2013 is presented. EXPERT OPINION This section presents an overview of the patent literature in the sulfonamide diuretic field. Most of the patents deal with the combination of diuretic sulfonamide CA inhibitors with other agents useful in the management of cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Such combinations exert a better therapeutic activity compared to similar diuretics that do not inhibit CAs, raising the question of the polypharmacological and drug repositioning effects of these old drugs. These effects seem to be due to the potent inhibition of such drugs against CA isoforms present in kidneys and blood vessels, which explain both the blood pressure lowering effects as well as organ-protective activity of the drugs. An explanation of these data is provided by the fact that inhibition of the renal CAs leads to a large increase of the nitrite excretion in urine, suggesting that renal CAs are involved in nitrite reabsorption in humans. Important lessons for the drug design of sulfonamide CA inhibitors (CAIs) can be drawn from these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Carta
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
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Métayer B, Mingot A, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Thibaudeau S. New superacid synthesized (fluorinated) tertiary benzenesulfonamides acting as selective hCA IX inhibitors: toward a new mode of carbonic anhydrase inhibition by sulfonamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6015-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40858b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Lund BC, Ernst ME. The Comparative Effectiveness of Hydrochlorothiazide and Chlorthalidone in an Observational Cohort of Veterans. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2012; 14:623-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2012.00679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Carta F, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Sulfonamides: a patent review (2008 – 2012). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:747-58. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.698264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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