1
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Li YJ, Zhang L, Yang PP, Zhang K, Gong XF, Hou DY, Cao H, Wu XC, Liu R, Lam KS, Wang L. Bioinspired Screening of Anti-Adhesion Peptides against Blood Proteins for Intravenous Delivery of Nanomaterials. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8076-8085. [PMID: 36135098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) inevitably adsorb proteins in blood and form "protein corona" upon intravenous administration as drug carriers, potentially changing the biological properties and intended functions. Inspired by anti-adhesion properties of natural proteins, herein, we employed the one-bead one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial peptide library method to screen anti-adhesion peptides (AAPs) against proteins. The library beads displaying random peptides were screened with three fluorescent-labeled plasma proteins. The nonfluorescence beads, presumed to have anti-adhesion property against the proteins, were isolated for sequence determination. These identified AAPs were coated on gold nanorods (GNRs), enabling significant extension of the blood circulating half-life of these GNRs in mice to 37.8 h, much longer than that (26.6 h) of PEG-coated GNRs. In addition, such AAP coating was found to alter the biodistribution profile of GNRs in mice. The bioinspired screening strategy and resulting peptides show great potential for enhancing the delivery efficiency and targeting ability of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lingze Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Pei-Pei Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xue-Feng Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Da-Yong Hou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ruiwu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
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2
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McGorman B, Fantoni NZ, O'Carroll S, Ziemele A, El-Sagheer AH, Brown T, Kellett A. Enzymatic Synthesis of Chemical Nuclease Triplex-Forming Oligonucleotides with Gene-Silencing Applications. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:5467-5481. [PMID: 35640595 PMCID: PMC9177962 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) are short, single-stranded oligomers that hybridise to a specific sequence of duplex DNA. TFOs can block transcription and thereby inhibit protein production, making them highly appealing in the field of antigene therapeutics. In this work, a primer extension protocol was developed to enzymatically prepare chemical nuclease TFO hybrid constructs, with gene-silencing applications. Click chemistry was employed to generate novel artificial metallo-nuclease (AMN)-dNTPs, which were selectively incorporated into the TFO strand by a DNA polymerase. This purely enzymatic protocol was then extended to facilitate the construction of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) modified TFOs that displayed increased thermal stability. The utility of the enzymatically synthesised di-(2-picolyl)amine (DPA)-TFOs was assessed and compared to a specifically prepared solid-phase synthesis counterpart through gel electrophoresis, quantitative PCR, and Sanger sequencing, which revealed similar recognition and damage properties to target genes. The specificity was then enhanced through coordinated designer intercalators-DPQ and DPPZ-and high-precision DNA cleavage was achieved. To our knowledge, this is the first example of the enzymatic production of an AMN-TFO hybrid and is the largest base modification incorporated using this method. These results indicate how chemical nuclease-TFOs may overcome limitations associated with non-molecularly targeted metallodrugs and open new avenues for artificial gene-editing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bríonna McGorman
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Nicolò Zuin Fantoni
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, UK
| | - Sinéad O'Carroll
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Anna Ziemele
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Afaf H El-Sagheer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, UK.,Department of Science and Mathematics, Suez University, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining, Engineering, Suez 43721, Egypt
| | - Tom Brown
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Kellett
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.,SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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3
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Roy S, Rangasamy L, Nouar A, Koenig C, Pierroz V, Kaeppeli S, Ferrari S, Patra M, Gasser G. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Metallocene-Tethered Peptidyl Inhibitors of CDC25. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saonli Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Loganathan Rangasamy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Assia Nouar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Koenig
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Pierroz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Kaeppeli
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malay Patra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology, Homi Bhabha Road, Navy Nagar, 400005 Mumbai, India
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, F-75005 Paris, France
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4
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Salmain M, Fischer-Durand N, Rudolf B. Bioorthogonal Conjugation of Transition Organometallic Complexes to Peptides and Proteins: Strategies and Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Salmain
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire; 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Nathalie Fischer-Durand
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire; 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Bogna Rudolf
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Lodz; 91-403 Lodz Poland
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5
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Mion G, Mari C, Da Ros T, Rubbiani R, Gasser G, Gianferrara T. Towards the Synthesis of New Tumor Targeting Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy and Imaging Applications. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Mion
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; P.le Europa 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Cristina Mari
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Da Ros
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; P.le Europa 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Riccardo Rubbiani
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University; Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology; F-75005 Paris France
| | - Teresa Gianferrara
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; P.le Europa 1 34127 Trieste Italy
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6
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Cellular Uptake and Photo-Cytotoxicity of a Gadolinium(III)-DOTA-Naphthalimide Complex "Clicked" to a Lipidated Tat Peptide. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21020194. [PMID: 26861271 PMCID: PMC6273236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new bifunctional macrocyclic chelator featuring a conjugatable alkynyl-naphthalimide fluorophore pendant group has been prepared and its Gd(III) complex coupled to a cell-penetrating lipidated azido-Tat peptide derivative using Cu(I)-catalysed “click” chemistry. The resulting fluorescent conjugate is able to enter CAL-33 tongue squamous carcinoma cells, as revealed by confocal microscopy, producing a very modest anti-proliferative effect (IC50 = 93 µM). Due to the photo-reactivity of the naphthalimide moiety, however, the conjugate’s cytotoxicity is significantly enhanced (IC50 = 16 µM) upon brief low-power UV-A irradiation.
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7
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Castro V, Rodríguez H, Albericio F. CuAAC: An Efficient Click Chemistry Reaction on Solid Phase. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:1-14. [PMID: 26652044 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Click chemistry is an approach that uses efficient and reliable reactions, such as Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), to bind two molecular building blocks. CuAAC has broad applications in medicinal chemistry and other fields of chemistry. This review describes the general features and applications of CuAAC in solid-phase synthesis (CuAAC-SP), highlighting the suitability of this kind of reaction for peptides, nucleotides, small molecules, supramolecular structures, and polymers, among others. This versatile reaction is expected to become pivotal for meeting future challenges in solid-phase chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Castro
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hortensia Rodríguez
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- School
of Chemistry, Yachay Tech, Yachay City of Knowledge, Urcuqui, Ecuador
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4001-Durban, South Africa
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8
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Mari C, Mosberger S, Llorente N, Spreckelmeyer S, Gasser G. Insertion of organometallic moieties into peptides and peptide nucleic acids using alternative “click” strategies. Inorg Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qi00270b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Application of alternative “click” strategies (metal-free photoclick and one-pot click) to cymantrene and ferrocene derivatives yielded novel metal-containing conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mari
- University of Zurich
- Department of Chemistry
- Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Nuria Llorente
- University of Zurich
- Department of Chemistry
- Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Gilles Gasser
- University of Zurich
- Department of Chemistry
- Zurich
- Switzerland
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9
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Leonidova A, Foerster C, Zarschler K, Schubert M, Pietzsch HJ, Steinbach J, Bergmann R, Metzler-Nolte N, Stephan H, Gasser G. In vivo demonstration of an active tumor pretargeting approach with peptide nucleic acid bioconjugates as complementary system. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5601-5616. [PMID: 29861898 PMCID: PMC5949856 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00951k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, promising strategy for cancer diagnosis and therapy is the use of a pretargeting approach. For this purpose, the non-natural DNA/RNA analogues Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) are ideal candidates as in vivo recognition units due to their high metabolic stability and lack of unspecific accumulation. In the pretargeting approach, an unlabeled, highly specific antibody-PNA conjugate has sufficient time to target a tumor before administration of a small fast-clearing radiolabeled complementary PNA that hybridizes with the antibody-PNA conjugate at the tumor site. Herein, we report the first successful application of this multistep process using a PNA-modified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) specific antibody (cetuximab) and a complementary 99mTc-labeled PNA. In vivo studies on tumor bearing mice demonstrated a rapid and efficient in vivo hybridization of the radiolabeled PNA with the antibody-PNA conjugate. Decisively, a high specific tumor accumulation was observed with a tumor-to-muscle ratio of >8, resulting in a clear visualization of the tumor by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leonidova
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland . ; http://www.gassergroup.com ; Tel: +41 44 635 46 30
| | - Christian Foerster
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf , Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstraße 400 , D-01328 Dresden , Germany . ; http://www.hzdr.de/NanoscalicSystems ; Tel: +49 351 260-3091
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf , Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstraße 400 , D-01328 Dresden , Germany . ; http://www.hzdr.de/NanoscalicSystems ; Tel: +49 351 260-3091
| | - Maik Schubert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf , Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstraße 400 , D-01328 Dresden , Germany . ; http://www.hzdr.de/NanoscalicSystems ; Tel: +49 351 260-3091
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf , Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstraße 400 , D-01328 Dresden , Germany . ; http://www.hzdr.de/NanoscalicSystems ; Tel: +49 351 260-3091
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf , Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstraße 400 , D-01328 Dresden , Germany . ; http://www.hzdr.de/NanoscalicSystems ; Tel: +49 351 260-3091
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf , Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstraße 400 , D-01328 Dresden , Germany . ; http://www.hzdr.de/NanoscalicSystems ; Tel: +49 351 260-3091
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I - Bioanorganische Chemie , Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf , Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstraße 400 , D-01328 Dresden , Germany . ; http://www.hzdr.de/NanoscalicSystems ; Tel: +49 351 260-3091
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland . ; http://www.gassergroup.com ; Tel: +41 44 635 46 30
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10
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Wang X, Hudson RHE. PNA Molecular Beacons Assembled by Post-Synthetic Click Chemistry Functionalization. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2156-61. [PMID: 26227668 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To avoid the tedious synthesis of functionalized peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomers for probe development, we proposed a simple approach to modify PNA oligomers by post-synthetic on-resin click chemistry. PNA molecular beacons (MBs) were prepared by incorporation of azide-containing monomers into the oligomer by automatic solid-phase peptide synthesis and subsequent derivatization with pyrene moieties by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Two pyrene-based quencher-free PNA molecular beacons, a stemless MB and one possessing a stem-loop structure, targeting a portion of the cystic fibrosis gene, were successfully synthesized by using this method. Fluorescence studies showed that the stem-loop MB exhibited better discrimination of changes in excimer/monomer ratios as compared to the stemless MB construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 2K5, Canada
| | - Robert H E Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 2K5, Canada.
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11
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12
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Patra M, Wenzel M, Prochnow P, Pierroz V, Gasser G, Bandow JE, Metzler-Nolte N. An organometallic structure-activity relationship study reveals the essential role of a Re(CO) 3 moiety in the activity against gram-positive pathogens including MRSA. Chem Sci 2015; 6:214-224. [PMID: 28553471 PMCID: PMC5433042 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02709d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The worrying appearance of microbial resistance to antibiotics is a worldwide problem which needs to be tackled urgently. Microbial resistance to the common classes of antibiotics involving purely organic compounds unfortunately develops very rapidly and in most cases, resistance was detected soon after or even before release of the antibiotic to the market. Therefore, novel concepts for antibiotics must be investigated, and metal-containing compounds hold particular promise in that area. Taking a trimetallic complex (1a) which contains a ferrocenyl (Fc), a CpMn(CO)3 (cymantrene) and a [(dpa)Re(CO)3] residue as the lead structure, a systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) study against various gram-positive pathogenic bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains was performed. The [(dpa)Re(CO)3] moiety was discovered to be the essential unit for the observed antibacterial activity of 1a. The ferrocenyl and CpMn(CO)3 units can be replaced one by one or both together by organic moieties such as a phenyl ring without loss of antibacterial activity. The most potent mono-metallic complex (9c') has an antibacterial activity comparable to the well-established organic drugs amoxicillin and norfloxacin and importantly, only moderate cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. Microbiological studies on membrane potential, membrane permeabilization, and cell wall integrity revealed that 9c' targets the bacterial membrane and disturbs cell wall integrity, but shows more efficient membrane permeabilization than the lead structure 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Patra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I - Bioanorganische Chemie , Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44801 Bochum , Germany .
| | - Michaela Wenzel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Biologie der Mikroorganismen , Arbeitsgruppe Mikrobielle Antibiotikaforschung , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44801 Bochum , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49-234-32-23102
| | - Pascal Prochnow
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Biologie der Mikroorganismen , Arbeitsgruppe Mikrobielle Antibiotikaforschung , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44801 Bochum , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49-234-32-23102
| | - Vanessa Pierroz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Julia E Bandow
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Biologie der Mikroorganismen , Arbeitsgruppe Mikrobielle Antibiotikaforschung , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44801 Bochum , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49-234-32-23102
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I - Bioanorganische Chemie , Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44801 Bochum , Germany .
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13
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Clavé G, Chatelain G, Filoramo A, Gasparutto D, Saint-Pierre C, Le Cam E, Piétrement O, Guérineau V, Campidelli S. Synthesis of a multibranched porphyrin-oligonucleotide scaffold for the construction of DNA-based nano-architectures. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2778-83. [PMID: 24668242 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00202d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The interest in the functionalization of oligonucleotides with organic molecules has grown considerably over the last decade. In this work, we report on the synthesis and characterization of porphyrin-oligonucleotide hybrids containing one to four DNA strands (P1-P4). The hybrid P4, which inserts one porphyrin and four DNA fragments, was combined with gold nanoparticles and imaged by transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Clavé
- CEA Saclay, IRAMIS, NIMBE, Laboratoire d'Innovation en Chimie des Surfaces et Nanosciences (LICSEN), F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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14
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Devi G, Ganesh KN. 1,4-linked 1,2,3-Triazole des-peptidic analogues of PNA (TzNA): Synthesis of TzNA oligomers by "click" reaction on solid phase and stabilization of derived triplexes with DNA. ARTIFICIAL DNA, PNA & XNA 2014; 1:68-75. [PMID: 21686241 DOI: 10.4161/adna.1.2.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
1,2,3-triazole analogues of PNA (TzNA) in which the amide link in backbone is replaced by triazole ring is synthesized on solid phase by 'click' chemistry and such triazolothymine PNA chimeric oligomers are shown to significantly stabilize the derived PNA(2):DNA triplexes. With increasing number of triazole units in the backbone, single stranded PNA oligomers exhibit enhanced self-ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitali Devi
- Division of Organic Chemistry; National Chemical Laboratory; Pune, India
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15
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Sista P, Ghosh K, Martinez JS, Rocha RC. Metallo-Biopolymers: Conjugation Strategies and Applications. POLYM REV 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2014.913063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Leonidova A, Pierroz V, Adams LA, Barlow N, Ferrari S, Graham B, Gasser G. Enhanced Cytotoxicity through Conjugation of a "Clickable" Luminescent Re(I) Complex to a Cell-Penetrating Lipopeptide. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:809-14. [PMID: 25050170 DOI: 10.1021/ml500158w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Re(I) tricarbonyl polypyridine-based complexes are particularly attractive metal complexes in the field of inorganic chemical biology due to their luminescent properties, ease of conjugation to targeting biomolecules, and the possibility to prepare their "hot" (99m)Tc analogues for radioimaging. In this study, we prepared and characterized a novel, "clickable" complex, [Re(2,2'-bipyridine)(3-ethynylpyridine)(CO)3](BF4) ([Re(CO) 3 (bipy)(py-alkyne)](BF 4 )), exhibiting the characteristic luminescent properties and moderate cytotoxicity of this general class of compound. Using Cu(I)-catalyzed "click" chemistry, the complex was efficiently attached to a lipidated peptide known to increase cell permeability, namely, the myristoylated HIV-1 Tat peptide (myr-Tat), to give Re-myr-Tat. Fluorescence microscopy localization in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) confirmed enhanced cellular uptake of Re-myr-Tat compared with [Re(CO) 3 (bipy)(py-alkyne)](BF 4 ), and cytotoxicity studies showed that this resulted in an increase in potency to a level comparable with cisplatin (13.0 ± 2.0 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leonidova
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Pierroz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luke A. Adams
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal
Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nicholas Barlow
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal
Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bim Graham
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal
Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Gasser G. Preparation of metal-containing peptide nucleic acid bioconjugates on the solid phase. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1050:55-72. [PMID: 24297350 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-553-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are a class of artificial DNA/RNA analogues that have unique physicochemical properties, which include a high chemical stability, resistance to nucleases and proteases, and higher mismatch sensitivity than DNA. PNAs were initially anticipated to be useful for application in antisense and antigene therapies; however, their poor cellular uptake has limited their use for such purposes in the "real world." Recently, it has been shown that the addition of metal complexes to these oligonucleotide analogues could open up new avenues for their utilization in various research fields. Such metallo-constructs have shown great promise, for a diverse range of applications, most notably in the biosensing area. In this book chapter, we report on the recent synthetic advances towards the preparation of these "(multi-)metallic PNAs" on the solid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Gasser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Stephan H, Foerster C, Gasser G. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of radiometal-containing peptide nucleic acids. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1050:37-54. [PMID: 24297349 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-553-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have very attractive properties for applications in nuclear medicine. Because PNAs have high selectivity for DNA/RNA recognition, resistance to nuclease/protease degradation, and high thermal and radiolytic stabilities, PNA bioconjugates could transform the areas of diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine. In this book chapter, we report on the current developments towards the preparation of radiometal-containing PNA constructs and summarize the protocols for labeling these probes with (99m)Tc, (111)In, (64)Cu, (90)Y, and (177)Lu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
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19
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Duprey JLHA, Tucker JHR. Metal–Carbon Bonds in Biopolymer Conjugates: Bioorganometallic Nucleic Acid Chemistry. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.131019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Deepthi SB, Trivedi R, Giribabu L, Sujitha P, Ganesh Kumar C, Sridhar B. (4-Ferrocenylphenyl)propargyl ether derived carbohydrate triazoles: influence of a hydrophobic linker on the electrochemical and cytotoxic properties. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01022h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Romero T, Orenes RA, Tárraga A, Molina P. Preparation, Structural Characterization, Electrochemistry, and Sensing Properties toward Anions and Cations of Ferrocene-Triazole Derivatives. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4002457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Romero
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, and ‡Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación
(SAI), Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Raúl A. Orenes
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, and ‡Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación
(SAI), Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Tárraga
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, and ‡Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación
(SAI), Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Molina
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, and ‡Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación
(SAI), Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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St. Amant AH, Engbers C, Hudson RH. A solid-phase CuAAC strategy for the synthesis of PNA containing nucleobase surrogates. ARTIFICIAL DNA, PNA & XNA 2013; 4:4-10. [PMID: 23422048 PMCID: PMC3654728 DOI: 10.4161/adna.23982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of an azide containing PNA monomer is described. The monomer was incorporated into two PNA sequences for the purpose of synthesizing an intercalating fluorophore-labeled PNA and a metal binding hairpin using a solid phase copper catalyzed azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (CuAAC). Click chemistry was performed using 2-ethynylfluorene or 1-ethynylpyrene to add a fluorophore to the PNA, which were tested for their ability to recognize an abasic site on a DNA target. A PNA hairpin possessing azide monomers at each termini was synthesized and reacted with 2-ethynylpyridine to form a hairpin that is stabilized by Ni²⁺.
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Affiliation(s)
- André H. St. Amant
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London, ON Canada
| | - Christopher Engbers
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London, ON Canada
| | - Robert H.E. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London, ON Canada
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Deepthi SB, Trivedi R, Giribabu L, Sujitha P, Kumar CG. Effect of amide-triazole linkers on the electrochemical and biological properties of ferrocene-carbohydrate conjugates. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:1180-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31927f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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24
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Joshi T, Patra M, Spiccia L, Gasser G. Di-heterometalation of thiol-functionalized peptide nucleic acids. ARTIFICIAL DNA, PNA & XNA 2013; 4:11-8. [PMID: 23422249 PMCID: PMC3654725 DOI: 10.4161/adna.24019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As a proof-of-principle, two hetero-bimetallic PNA oligomers containing a ruthenium(II) polypyridyl and a cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl complex have been prepared by serial combination of solid-phase peptide coupling and in-solution thiol chemistry. Solid-phase N-terminus attachment of Ru(II)-polypyridyl carboxylic acid derivative, C1, onto the thiol-functionalized PNA backbone (H-a-a-g-t-c-t-g-c-linker-cys-NH 2) has been performed by standard peptide coupling method. As two parallel approaches, the strong affinity of thiols for maleimide and haloacetyl group has been exploited for subsequent post-SPPS addition of cymantrene-based organometallic cores, C2 and C3. Michael-like addition and thioether ligation of thiol functionalized PNA1 (H-gly-a-a-g-t-c-t-g-c-linker-cys-NH 2) and PNA2 (C1-a-a-g-t-c-t-g-c-linker-cys-NH 2) to cymantrene maleimide and chloroacetyl derivatives, C2 and C3, respectively, has been performed. The synthesized ruthenium(II)-cymantrenyl PNA oligomers have been characterized by mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and IR spectroscopy. The distinct Mn-CO vibrational IR stretches, between 1,924-2,074 cm (-1) , have been used as markers to confirm the presence of cymantrenyl units in the PNA sequences and the purity of the HPLC-purified PNA thioethers assessed using LC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmaya Joshi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Zurich; Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malay Patra
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Zurich; Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leone Spiccia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Zurich; Zurich, Switzerland
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Electroactive Tetrathiafulvalenyl-1,2,3-triazoles by Click Chemistry: Cu- versus Ru-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Isomers. Chemistry 2012; 18:16097-103. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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26
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Gross A, Hüsken N, Schur J, Raszeja Ł, Ott I, Metzler-Nolte N. A ruthenocene-PNA bioconjugate--synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, and AAS-detected cellular uptake. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1764-74. [PMID: 22823488 DOI: 10.1021/bc200692g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Labeling of peptide nucleic acids (PNA) with metallocene complexes is explored herein for the modulation of the analytical characteristics, as well as biological properties of PNA. The synthesis of the first ruthenocene-PNA conjugate with a dodecamer, mixed-sequence PNA is described, and its properties are compared to a ferrocene-labeled analogue as well as an acetylated, metal-free derivative. The synthetic characteristics, chemical stability, analytical and thermodynamic properties, and the interaction with cDNA were investigated. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the PNA conjugates is determined on HeLa, HepG2, and PT45 cell lines. Finally, the cellular uptake of the metal-containing PNAs was quantified by high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS AAS). An unexpectedly high cellular uptake to final concentrations of 4.2 mM was observed upon incubation with 50 μM solutions of the ruthenocene-PNA conjugate. The ruthenocene label was shown to be an excellent label in all respects, which is also more stable than its ferrocene analogue. Because of its high stability, low toxicity, and the lack of a natural background of ruthenium, it is an ideal choice for bioanalytical purposes and possible medicinal and biological applications like, e.g., the development of gene-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gross
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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27
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Clicked polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as a hybridization-responsive fluorescent artificial nucleobase in pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acids. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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28
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Joshi T, Barbante GJ, Francis PS, Hogan CF, Bond AM, Gasser G, Spiccia L. Electrochemiluminescent monomers for solid support syntheses of Ru(II)-PNA bioconjugates: multimodal biosensing tools with enhanced duplex stability. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:3302-15. [PMID: 22339152 DOI: 10.1021/ic202761w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of devising a solid support mediated approach to multimodal Ru(II)-peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers is explored. Three Ru(II)-PNA-like monomers, [Ru(bpy)(2)(Cpp-L-PNA-OH)](2+) (M1), [Ru(phen)(2)(Cpp-L-PNA-OH)](2+) (M2), and [Ru(dppz)(2)(Cpp-L-PNA-OH)](2+) (M3) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine, Cpp-L-PNA-OH = [2-(N-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)aminoethyl]-N-[6-(2-(pyridin-2yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamido)hexanoyl]-glycine), have been synthesized as building blocks for Ru(II)-PNA oligomers and characterized by IR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electrochemistry and elemental analysis. As a proof of principle, M1 was incorporated on the solid phase within the PNA sequences H-g-c-a-a-t-a-a-a-a-Lys-NH(2) (PNA1) and H-P-K-K-K-R-K-V-g-c-a-a-t-a-a-a-a-lys-NH(2) (PNA4) to give PNA2 (H-g-c-a-a-t-a-a-a-a-M1-lys-NH(2)) and PNA3 (H-P-K-K-K-R-K-V-g-c-a-a-t-a-a-a-a-M1-lys-NH(2)), respectively. The two Ru(II)-PNA oligomers, PNA2 and PNA3, displayed a metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition band centered around 445 nm and an emission maximum at about 680 nm following 450 nm excitation in aqueous solutions (10 mM PBS, pH 7.4). The absorption and emission response of the duplexes formed with the cDNA strand (DNA: 5'-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-A-T-T-G-C-T-T-T-3') showed no major variations, suggesting that the electronic properties of the Ru(II) complexes are largely unaffected by hybridization. The thermal stability of the PNA·DNA duplexes, as evaluated from UV melting experiments, is enhanced compared to the corresponding nonmetalated duplexes. The melting temperature (T(m)) was almost 8 °C higher for PNA2·DNA duplex, and 4 °C for PNA3·DNA duplex, with the stabilization attributed to the electrostatic interaction between the cationic residues (Ru(II) unit and positively charged lysine/arginine) and the polyanionic DNA backbone. In presence of tripropylamine (TPA) as co-reactant, PNA2, PNA3, PNA2·DNA and PNA3·DNA displayed strong electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signals even at submicromolar concentrations. Importantly, the combination of spectrochemical, thermal and ECL properties possessed by the Ru(II)-PNA sequences offer an elegant approach for the design of highly sensitive multimodal biosensing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmaya Joshi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Joshi T, Gasser G, Martin LL, Spiccia L. Specific uptake and interactions of peptide nucleic acid derivatives with biomimetic membranes. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20462b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a non-cyclic pseudopeptide-nucleic acid structural mimic with promising applications within diagnostics and drug discovery. This review focuses on metal complex derivatives of PNA. Metal ions and their complexes display unique physical and chemical properties and offer the opportunity to introduce new labels and probes for bioanalytical and diagnostic applications of PNA, but also to modulate or to introduce new (for example catalytic) functions and biological activities.
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31
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Gasser G, Pinto A, Neumann S, Sosniak AM, Seitz M, Merz K, Heumann R, Metzler-Nolte N. Synthesis, characterisation and bioimaging of a fluorescent rhenium-containing PNA bioconjugate. Dalton Trans 2011; 41:2304-13. [PMID: 22183093 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12114j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A new rhenium tricarbonyl complex of a bis(quinoline)-derived ligand (2-azido-N,N-bis((quinolin-2-yl)methyl)ethanamine, L-N(3)), namely [Re(CO)(3)(L-N(3))]Br was synthesized and characterized in-depth, including by X-ray crystallography. [Re(CO)(3)(L-N(3))]Br exhibits a strong UV absorbance in the range 300-400 nm with a maximum at 322 nm, and upon photoexcitation, shows two distinct emission bands at about 430 and 560 nm in various solvents (water, ethylene glycol). [Re(CO)(3)(L-N(3))]Br could be conjugated, on a solid phase, to a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomer using the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (Cu-AAC, "click" chemistry) and an alkyne-containing PNA building block to give Re-PNA. It was demonstrated that upon hybridisation with a complementary DNA strand (DNA), the position of the maxima and emission intensity for the hybrid Re-PNA·DNA remained mainly unchanged compared to those of the single strand Re-PNA. The rhenium-containing PNA oligomer Re-PNA could be then mediated in living cells where they have been shown to be non-toxic contrary to the general notion that organometallic compounds are usually unstable under physiological conditions and/or cytotoxic. Furthermore, Re-PNA could be detected in living cells using fluorescent microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Gasser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Howarth NM, Ricci (née Goujon) J. Synthesis of N-propynyl analogues of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomers and their use in the click reaction to prepare N-functionalized PNAs. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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33
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Gasser G, Neumann S, Ott I, Seitz M, Heumann R, Metzler-Nolte N. Preparation and Biological Evaluation of Di-Hetero-Organometallic-Containing PNA Bioconjugates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Joshi T, Barbante GJ, Francis PS, Hogan CF, Bond AM, Spiccia L. Electrochemiluminescent peptide nucleic acid-like monomers containing Ru(II)-dipyridoquinoxaline and Ru(II)-dipyridophenazine complexes. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:12172-83. [PMID: 22040143 DOI: 10.1021/ic201911f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of Ru(II)-peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-like monomers, [Ru(bpy)(2)(dpq-L-PNA-OH)](2+) (M1), [Ru(phen)(2)(dpq-L-PNA-OH)](2+) (M2), [Ru(bpy)(2)(dppz-L-PNA-OH)](2+) (M3), and [Ru(phen)(2)(dppz-L-PNA-OH)](2+) (M4) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, dpq-L-PNA-OH = 2-(N-(2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonylamino)ethyl)-6-(dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine-11-carboxamido)hexanamido)acetic acid, dppz-L-PNA-OH = 2-(N-(2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy)carbonylamino)ethyl)-6-(dipyrido[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2-carboxamido)acetic acid) have been synthesized and characterized by IR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. As is typical for Ru(II)-tris(diimine) complexes, acetonitrile solutions of these complexes (M1-M4) show MLCT transitions in the 443-455 nm region and emission maxima at 618, 613, 658, and 660 nm, respectively, upon photoexcitation at 450 nm. Changes in the ligand environment around the Ru(II) center are reflected in the luminescence and electrochemical response obtained from these monomers. The emission intensity and quantum yield for M1 and M2 were found to be higher than for M3 and M4. Electrochemical studies in acetonitrile show the Ru(II)-PNA monomers to undergo a one-electron redox process associated with Ru(II) to Ru(III) oxidation. A positive shift was observed in the reversible redox potentials for M1-M4 (962, 951, 936, and 938 mV, respectively, vs Fc(0/+) (Fc = ferrocene)) in comparison with [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) (888 mV vs Fc(0/+)). The ability of the Ru(II)-PNA monomers to generate electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was assessed in acetonitrile solutions containing tripropylamine (TPA) as a coreactant. Intense ECL signals were observed with emission maxima for M1-M4 at 622, 616, 673, and 675 nm, respectively. At an applied potential sufficiently positive to oxidize the ruthenium center, the integrated intensity for ECL from the PNA monomers was found to vary in the order M1 (62%) > M3 (60%) > M4 (46%) > M2 (44%) with respect to [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) (100%). These findings indicate that such Ru(II)-PNA bioconjugates could be investigated as multimodal labels for biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmaya Joshi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Patra M, Metzler-Nolte N. Azidomethyl-ruthenocene: facile synthesis of a useful metallocene derivative and its application in the 'click' labelling of biomolecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:11444-6. [PMID: 21935541 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14537a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A convenient synthesis of azidomethyl-ruthenocene and its use in the covalent labelling of amino acids, peptides and a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomer derivative by Cu(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne coupling (Cu-AAC, "click chemistry") are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Patra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Bioanorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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Hüsken N, Gębala M, Battistel A, La Mantia F, Schuhmann W, Metzler-Nolte N. Impact of single basepair mismatches on electron-transfer processes at Fc-PNA⋅DNA modified gold surfaces. Chemphyschem 2011; 13:131-9. [PMID: 21932268 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gold-surface grafted peptide nucleic acid (PNA) strands, which carry a redox-active ferrocene tag, present unique tools to electrochemically investigate their mechanical bending elasticity based on the kinetics of electron-transfer (ET) processes. A comparative study of the mechanical bending properties and the thermodynamic stability of a series of 12-mer Fc-PNA⋅DNA duplexes was carried out. A single basepair mismatch was integrated at all possible strand positions to provide nanoscopic insights into the physicochemical changes provoked by the presence of a single basepair mismatch with regard to its position within the strand. The ET processes at single mismatch Fc-PNA⋅DNA modified surfaces were found to proceed with increasing diffusion limitation and decreasing standard ET rate constants k(0) when the single basepair mismatch was dislocated along the strand towards its free-dangling Fc-modified end. The observed ET characteristics are considered to be due to a punctual increase in the strand elasticity at the mismatch position. The kinetic mismatch discrimination with respect to the fully-complementary duplex presents a basis for an electrochemical DNA sensing strategy based on the Fc-PNA⋅DNA bending dynamics for loosely packed monolayers. In a general sense, the strand elasticity presents a further physicochemical property which is affected by a single basepair mismatch which may possibly be used as a basis for future DNA sensing concepts for the specific detection of single basepair mismatches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hüsken
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Ganesh V, Sudhir VS, Kundu T, Chandrasekaran S. 10 Years of Click Chemistry: Synthesis and Applications of Ferrocene-Derived Triazoles. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:2670-94. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Reenabthue N, Boonlua C, Vilaivan C, Vilaivan T, Suparpprom C. 3-Aminopyrrolidine-4-carboxylic acid as versatile handle for internal labeling of pyrrolidinyl PNA. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6465-9. [PMID: 21937225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Conformationally restricted pyrrolidinyl PNAs with an α/β-dipeptide backbone consisting of a nucleobase-modified proline and a cyclic five-membered amino acid spacer such as (1S,2S)-2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (ACPC) (acpcPNA) can form very stable hybrids with DNA with high Watson-Crick base pairing specificity. This work aims to explore the effect of incorporating 3-aminopyrrolidine-4-carboxylic acid (APC), which is isosteric to the ACPC spacer, into the acpcPNA. It is expected that the modification should not negatively affect the DNA binding properties, and that the additional nitrogen atom in the APC should provide a handle for internal modification. Orthogonally-protected (N(3)-Fmoc/N(1)-Boc and N(3)-Fmoc/N(1)-Tfa) APC monomers have been successfully synthesized and incorporated into the acpcPNA by Fmoc-solid-phase peptide synthesis. T(m), UV and CD spectroscopy confirmed that the (3R,4S)-APC could substitute the (1S,2S)-ACPC spacer in the acpcPNA with only slightly decreasing the stability of the hybrids formed between the modified acpc/apcPNA and DNA. In contrast, the (3S,4R) enantiomer of APC caused substantial destabilization of the hybrids. Furthermore, a successful on-solid-support internal labeling of the acpc/apcPNA via amide bond formation between pyrene-1-carboxylic acid or 4-(pyrene-1-yl) butyric acid and the pyrrolidine nitrogen atom of the APC spacer has been demonstrated. Fluorescence properties of the pyrene-labeled acpc/apcPNAs are sensitive to their hybridization states and can readily distinguish between complementary and single-mismatched DNA targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisanath Reenabthue
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Ta-Po District, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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Gasser G, Sosniak AM, Metzler-Nolte N. Metal-containing peptide nucleic acid conjugates. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:7061-76. [PMID: 21541385 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01706j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) are non-natural DNA/RNA analogues with favourable physico-chemical properties and promising applications. Discovered nearly 20 years ago, PNAs have recently re-gained quite a lot of attention. In this Perspective article, we discuss the latest advances on the preparation and utilisation of PNA monomers and oligomers containing metal complexes. These metal- conjugates have found applications in various research fields such as in the sequence-specific detection of nucleic acids, in the hydrolysis of nucleic acids and peptides, as radioactive probes or as modulators of PNA·DNA hybrid stability, and last but not least as probes for molecular and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Gasser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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40
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Capicciotti CJ, Trant JF, Leclère M, Ben RN. Synthesis of C-Linked Triazole-Containing AFGP Analogues and Their Ability to Inhibit Ice Recrystallization. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:605-16. [DOI: 10.1021/bc100394k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle J. Capicciotti
- Department of Chemistry, D’Iorio Hall, 10 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - John F. Trant
- Department of Chemistry, D’Iorio Hall, 10 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Mathieu Leclère
- Department of Chemistry, D’Iorio Hall, 10 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Robert N. Ben
- Department of Chemistry, D’Iorio Hall, 10 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
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41
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Lemke J, Metzler-Nolte N. Organometallic peptide NHC complexes of Cp∗Rh(III) and arene Ru(II) moieties from l-thiazolylalanine. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Adding diversity to ruthenium(II)–arene anticancer (RAPTA) compounds via click chemistry: The influence of hydrophobic chains. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Gasser G, Sosniak AM, Leonidova A, Braband H, Metzler-Nolte N. Towards the Preparation of Novel Re/99mTc Tricarbonyl-Containing Peptide Nucleic Acid Bioconjugates. Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel azido derivative of the di-(2-picolyl)amide (Dpam) ligand, namely 3-azido-N,N-bis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-propionamide (3), was prepared from 3-bromo-N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)propanamide (2) with an excess of sodium azide in DMSO. 3 was then reacted, by CuI-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition (often referred to as ‘Click Chemistry’), with the previously reported alkyne-containing peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomer Fmoc-1-OtBu to give the Dpam-containing PNA monomer (Fmoc-4-OtBu) in 44% yield. It was also demonstrated that 3 could be reacted by Click Chemistry, on the solid phase, to an alkyne-containing PNA oligomer (Alkyne-PNA) to yield Dpam-PNA. Our attempts to complex Dpam-PNA with [NEt4]2[ReBr3(CO)3] and [99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ are also discussed in detail.
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Hüsken N, Gebala M, Schuhmann W, Metzler-Nolte N. A single-electrode, dual-potential ferrocene-PNA biosensor for the detection of DNA. Chembiochem 2010; 11:1754-61. [PMID: 20602405 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A Fc-PNA biosensor (Fc: ferrocenyl, C(10)H(9)Fe) was designed by using two electrochemically distinguishable recognition elements with different molecular information at a single electrode. Two Fc-PNA capture probes were therefore synthesized by N-terminal labeling different dodecamer PNA sequences with different ferrocene derivatives by click chemistry. Each of the two strands was thereby tethered with one specific ferrocene derivative. The two capture probes revealed quasi-reversible redox processes of the Fc(0/+) redox couple with a significant difference in their electrochemical half-wave potentials of Delta E(1/2)=160 mV. A carefully designed biosensor interface, consisting of a ternary self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of the two C-terminal cysteine-tethered Fc-PNA capture probes and 6-mercaptohexanol, was electrochemically investigated by square wave (SWV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The biosensor properties of this interface were analyzed by studying the interaction with DNA sequences that were complementary to either of the two capture probes by SWV. Based on distinct changes in both peak current and potential, a parallel identification of these two DNA sequences was successful with one interface design. Moreover, the primary electrochemical response could be converted by a simple mathematical analysis into a clear-cut electrochemical signal about the hybridization event. The discrimination of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was proven with a chosen single-mismatch DNA sequence. Furthermore, experiments with crude bacterial RNA confirm the principal suitability of this dual-potential sensor under real-life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hüsken
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Bioanorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Rudolf B. Synthesis of metallocarbonyl substituted 1,2,3-triazole complexes via copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition. CAN J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1139/v10-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
(η5-C5H5)M(CO)x(η1-N-maleimidato) (M = Fe, x = 2; M = W, x = 3) complexes react with propargylamine and propargyl alcohol giving products from the Michael addition to the η1-N-maleimidato ligand. Metallocarbonyl compounds bearing a terminal alkyne group were reacted with organic azides affording corresponding 1,2,3-triazoles in high yields. One of these metallocarbonyl 1,2,3-triazoles (M = Fe, x = 2) was characterized by X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Rudolf
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, Łódź 91-403, Poland. (e-mail: )
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Gasser G, Jäger K, Zenker M, Bergmann R, Steinbach J, Stephan H, Metzler-Nolte N. Preparation, 99mTc-labeling and biodistribution studies of a PNA oligomer containing a new ligand derivative of 2,2'-dipicolylamine. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:1133-40. [PMID: 20674031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A new azido derivative of 2,2'-dipicolylamine (Dpa), 2-azido-N,N-bis((pyridin-2-yl)methyl)ethanamine, (Dpa-N(3)) was readily prepared from the known 2-(bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)ethanol (Dpa-OH). It was demonstrated that Dpa-N(3) could be efficiently labeled with both [Re(CO)(3)(H(2)O)(3)]Br and [(99m)Tc(H(2)O)(3)(CO)(3)](+) to give [Re(CO)(3)(Dpa-N(3))]Br and [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(Dpa-N(3))](+), respectively. Furthermore, Dpa-N(3) was successfully coupled, on the solid phase, to a Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) oligomer (H-4-pentynoic acid-spacer-spacer-tgca-tgca-tgca-Lys-NH(2); spacer= -NH-(CH(2))(2)-O-(CH(2))(2)-O-CH(2)-CO-) using the Cu(I)-catalyzed [2+3] azide/alkyne cycloaddition (Cu-AAC, often referred to as the prototypical "click" reaction) to give the Dpa-PNA oligomer. Subsequent labeling of Dpa-PNA with [(99m)Tc(H(2)O)(3)(CO)(3)](+) afforded [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(Dpa-PNA)] in radiochemical yields >90%. Partitioning experiments in a 1-octanol/water system were carried out to get more insight on the lipophilicity of [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(Dpa-N(3))](+) and [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(Dpa-PNA)]. Both compounds were found rather hydrophilic (log D(o/w) values at pH=7.4 are -0.50: [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(Dpa-N(3))](+) and -0.85: [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(Dpa-PNA)]. Biodistribution studies of [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(Dpa-PNA)] in Wistar rats showed a very fast blood clearance (0.26 ± 0.1 SUV, 1h p.i.) and modest accumulation in the kidneys (5.45 ± 0.45 SUV, 1h p.i.). There was no significant activity in the thyroid and the stomach, demonstrating a high in vivo stability of the (99m)Tc-labeled Dpa-PNA conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Gasser
- Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmacy, PF 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany.
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Ritter H, Mondrzik BE, Rehahn M, Gallei M. Free radical homopolymerization of a vinylferrocene/cyclodextrin complex in water. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:60. [PMID: 20625525 PMCID: PMC2900912 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the radical initiated homopolymerization of a soluble vinylferrocene cyclodextrin-complex in water. Uncomplexed vinylferrocene 1 and the corresponding homopolymer are hydrophobic and completely insoluble in water. Complexation of 1 with methyl-β-cyclodextrin 2 results in clearly water-soluble structures due to incorporation of the ferrocene moiety into the cyclodextrin cavity. After free radical polymerization of the water-soluble complexed monomer, corresponding to polyvinylferrocene (PVFc), the water-soluble polymer is obtained due to the host guest interactions. Those polymeric complexes are stable in water up to about 90 °C. Above this temperature the polymer precipitates due to decomplexation. The complex was investigated by ¹H NMR spectrometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and lower critical solution temperature (LCST) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Ritter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry II, Heinrich-Heine-University of Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Patra M, Gasser G, Bobukhov D, Merz K, Shtemenko AV, Metzler-Nolte N. Sequential insertion of three different organometallics into a versatile building block containing a PNA backbone. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:5617-9. [PMID: 20485811 DOI: 10.1039/c003598j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the view of developing a synthetic route for the controlled insertion of distinct organometallic moieties into peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers, a proof-of-principle study of the chemoselective insertion of three different organometallics into a building block containing both a PNA backbone and an alkyne side-chain is presented in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Patra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3 Nord, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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49
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Alguacil J, Defaus S, Claudio A, Trapote A, Masides M, Robles J. A Straightforward Preparation of Aminoglycoside-Dinucleotide and -diPNA Conjugates via Click Ligation Assisted by Microwaves. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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50
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Schneggenburger PE, Worbs B, Diederichsen U. Azide reduction during peptide cleavage from solid support-the choice of thioscavenger? J Pept Sci 2010; 16:10-4. [PMID: 19950105 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Peptide azides acquired growing impact because of application in bioconjugation via 'click chemistry' or Staudinger ligation. Furthermore, there are many methods established in organic synthesis addressing the reduction of azides to amines, but no observation of a reductive transformation of peptide azides during SPPS cleavage was yet reported. In the present study, the reduction of peptide azides during SPPS cleavage was investigated depending on the choice of thioscavenger, reacting as reductive species. First observed for short PNA/peptide conjugates the occurring extensive side reaction was also validated for one of the applied azide amino acid building blocks and was further investigated by applying different cleavage cocktails to a series of peptides varying in hydrophobicity and position of the azide moiety in the oligomer sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp E Schneggenburger
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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