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Martínez RF, Cravotto G, Cintas P. Organic Sonochemistry: A Chemist's Timely Perspective on Mechanisms and Reactivity. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13833-13856. [PMID: 34156841 PMCID: PMC8562878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sonochemistry, the use of sound waves, usually within the ultrasonic range (>20 kHz), to boost or alter chemical properties and reactivity constitutes a long-standing and sustainable technique that has, however, received less attention than other activation protocols despite affordable setups. Even if unnecessary to underline the impact of ultrasound-based strategies in a broad range of chemical and biological applications, there is considerable misunderstanding and pitfalls regarding the interpretation of cavitational effects and the actual role played by the acoustic field. In this Perspective, with an eye on mechanisms in particular, we discuss the potentiality of sonochemistry in synthetic organic chemistry through selected examples of past and recent developments. Such examples illustrate specific controlling effects and working rules. Looking back at the past while looking forward to advancing the field, some essentials of sonochemical activation will be distilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Fernando Martínez
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and IACYS-Green
Chemistry and Sustainable Development Unit, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Universita
degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria 9, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Pedro Cintas
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and IACYS-Green
Chemistry and Sustainable Development Unit, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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2
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Agostini M, Cecchini M. Ultra-high-frequency (UHF) surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) microfluidics and biosensors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:312001. [PMID: 33887716 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abfaba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) have the potential to become the basis for a wide gamut of lab-on-a-chips (LoCs). These mechanical waves are among the most promising physics that can be exploited for fulfilling all the requirements of commercially appealing devices that aim to replace-or help-laboratory facilities. These requirements are low processing cost of the devices, scalable production, controllable physics, large flexibility of tasks to perform, easy device miniaturization. To date, SAWs are among the small set of technologies able to both manipulate and analyze biological liquids with high performance. Therefore, they address the main needs of microfluidics and biosensing. To this purpose, the use of high-frequency SAWs is key. In the ultra-high-frequency regime (UHF, 300 MHz-3 GHz) SAWs exhibit large sensitivities to molecule adsorption and unparalleled fluid manipulation capabilities, together with overall device miniaturization. The UHF-SAW technology is expected to be the realm for the development of complex, reliable, fully automated, high-performance LoCs. In this review, we present the most recent works on UHF-SAWs for microfluidics and biosensing, with a particular focus on the LoC application. We derive the relevant scale laws, useful formulas, fabrication guidelines, current limitations of the technology, and future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Agostini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Cecchini
- INTA srl, Intelligent Acoustics Systems, Via Nino Pisano 14, I-56122 Pisa, Italy
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3
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Ding Y, Ball KA, Webb KJ, Gao Y, D'Alessandro A, Old WM, Stowell MHB, Ding X. On-Chip Acousto Thermal Shift Assay for Rapid and Sensitive Assessment of Protein Thermodynamic Stability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003506. [PMID: 32893496 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thermal shift assays (TSAs) have been extensively used to study thermodynamics of proteins and provide an efficient means to assess protein-ligand binding or protein-protein interactions. However, existing TSAs have limitations, such as being time consuming, labor intensive, or having low sensitivity. Herein, an acousto thermal shift assay (ATSA), the first ultrasound enabled TSA, is reported for real-time analysis of protein thermodynamic stability. It capitalizes the coupling of unique acoustic mechanisms to achieve protein unfolding, concentration, and measurement on a single microfluidic chip within minutes. Compared to conventional TSA methods, the ATSA technique enables ultrafast (at least 30 times faster), highly sensitive (7-34 folds higher), and label-free monitoring of protein-ligand interactions and protein stability. ATSA paves new avenues for protein analysis in biology, medicine, and fast diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Ding
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Kerri A Ball
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Kristofor J Webb
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Yu Gao
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - William M Old
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Michael H B Stowell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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4
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Zheng T, Wang C, Xu C. Tritoroidal particle rings formation in open microfluidics induced by standing surface acoustic waves. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:983-990. [PMID: 32056225 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the particle movements in a sessile droplet induced by standing surface acoustic waves (SSAWs) are studied. Tritoroidal particle rings are formed under the interaction of acoustic field and electric field. The experimental results demonstrate that the electric field plays an important role in patterning nanoparticles. The electric field can define the droplet shape due to electrowetting. When the droplet approximates a hemisphere, the acoustic radiation force induced by SSAWs drives the particles to form tritoroidal particle rings. When the droplet approximates a convex plate, the drag force induced by acoustic steaming drives the particle to move. The results will be useful for better understanding the nanoparticle movements in a sessile droplet, which is important to explain the mechanism that SSAWs enhance reaction and crystallization in droplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,Shaanxi Key Lab of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Chaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,Shaanxi Key Lab of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Chaoping Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,Shaanxi Key Lab of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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5
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Rezk AR, Ahmed H, Ramesan S, Yeo LY. High Frequency Sonoprocessing: A New Field of Cavitation-Free Acoustic Materials Synthesis, Processing, and Manipulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 8:2001983. [PMID: 33437572 PMCID: PMC7788597 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound constitutes a powerful means for materials processing. Similarly, a new field has emerged demonstrating the possibility for harnessing sound energy sources at considerably higher frequencies (10 MHz to 1 GHz) compared to conventional ultrasound (⩽3 MHz) for synthesizing and manipulating a variety of bulk, nanoscale, and biological materials. At these frequencies and the typical acoustic intensities employed, cavitation-which underpins most sonochemical or, more broadly, ultrasound-mediated processes-is largely absent, suggesting that altogether fundamentally different mechanisms are at play. Examples include the crystallization of novel morphologies or highly oriented structures; exfoliation of 2D quantum dots and nanosheets; polymer nanoparticle synthesis and encapsulation; and the possibility for manipulating the bandgap of 2D semiconducting materials or the lipid structure that makes up the cell membrane, the latter resulting in the ability to enhance intracellular molecular uptake. These fascinating examples reveal how the highly nonlinear electromechanical coupling associated with such high-frequency surface vibration gives rise to a variety of static and dynamic charge generation and transfer effects, in addition to molecular ordering, polarization, and assembly-remarkably, given the vast dimensional separation between the acoustic wavelength and characteristic molecular length scales, or between the MHz-order excitation frequencies and typical THz-order molecular vibration frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amgad R. Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research LaboratorySchool of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Heba Ahmed
- Micro/Nanophysics Research LaboratorySchool of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Shwathy Ramesan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research LaboratorySchool of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research LaboratorySchool of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3000Australia
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6
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Xu C, Wang C, Zheng T, Hu Q, Bai C. Surface acoustic wave (SAW)-induced synthesis of HKUST-1 with different morphologies and sizes. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01144c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials that have wide application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoping Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots
| | - Chaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots
| | - Tengfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots
| | - Qiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots
| | - Cheng Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots
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7
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Liu H, Zhang C, Weng Z, Guo Y, Wang Z. Resonance Frequency Readout Circuit for a 900 MHz SAW Device. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17092131. [PMID: 28914799 PMCID: PMC5620621 DOI: 10.3390/s17092131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A monolithic resonance frequency readout circuit with high resolution and short measurement time is presented for a 900 MHz RF surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor. The readout circuit is composed of a fractional-N phase-locked loop (PLL) as the stimulus source to the SAW device and a phase-based resonance frequency detecting circuit using successive approximation (SAR). A new resonance frequency searching strategy has been proposed based on the fact that the SAW device phase-frequency response crosses zero monotonically around the resonance frequency. A dedicated instant phase difference detecting circuit is adopted to facilitate the fast SAR operation for resonance frequency searching. The readout circuit has been implemented in 180 nm CMOS technology with a core area of 3.24 mm2. In the experiment, it works with a 900 MHz SAW resonator with a quality factor of Q = 130. Experimental results show that the readout circuit consumes 7 mW power from 1.6 V supply. The frequency resolution is 733 Hz, and the relative accuracy is 0.82 ppm, and it takes 0.48 ms to complete one measurement. Compared to the previous results in the literature, this work has achieved the shortest measurement time with a trade-off between measurement accuracy and measurement time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Chun Zhang
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Weng
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yanshu Guo
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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8
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Guo D, Fu YQ, Zheng B. Synchronization of Coupled Oscillators on a Two-Dimensional Plane. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:2355-9. [PMID: 27124217 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the transfer rate of signal molecules on coupled chemical oscillators arranged on a two-dimensional plane was systematically investigated in this paper. A microreactor equipped with a surface acoustic wave (SAW) mixer was applied to adjust the transfer rate of the signal molecules in the microreactor. The SAW mixer with adjustable input powers provided a simple means to generate different mixing rates in the microreactor. A robust synchronization of the oscillators was found at an input radio frequency power of 20 dBm, with which the chemical waves were initiated at a fixed site of the oscillator system. With increasing input power, the frequency of the chemical waves was increased, which agreed well with the prediction given by the time-delayed phase oscillator model. Results from the finite element simulation agreed well with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dameng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yong Qing Fu
- Department of Physics & Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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9
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Radziuk D, Möhwald H. Ultrasonically treated liquid interfaces for progress in cleaning and separation processes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:21-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cleaning and separation processes of liquids can be advanced by acoustic cavitation through bubbles with unique physico-chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Radziuk
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- D-14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Helmuth Möhwald
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- D-14476 Potsdam
- Germany
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10
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Kulkarni K, Friend J, Yeo L, Perlmutter P. An emerging reactor technology for chemical synthesis: surface acoustic wave-assisted closed-vessel Suzuki coupling reactions. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:1305-1309. [PMID: 24629582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate the use of an energy-efficient surface acoustic wave (SAW) device for driving closed-vessel SAW-assisted (CVSAW), ligand-free Suzuki couplings in aqueous media. The reactions were carried out on a mmolar scale with low to ultra-low catalyst loadings. The reactions were driven by heating resulting from the penetration of acoustic energy derived from RF Raleigh waves generated by a piezoelectric chip via a renewable fluid coupling layer. The yields were uniformly high and the reactions could be executed without added ligand and in water. In terms of energy density this new technology was determined to be roughly as efficient as microwaves and superior to ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketav Kulkarni
- School of Chemistry Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Friend
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leslie Yeo
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick Perlmutter
- School of Chemistry Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.
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11
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Rajapaksa A, Qi A, Yeo LY, Coppel R, Friend JR. Enabling practical surface acoustic wave nebulizer drug delivery via amplitude modulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1858-65. [PMID: 24740643 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A practical, commercially viable microfluidic device relies upon the miniaturization and integration of all its components--including pumps, circuitry, and power supply--onto a chip-based platform. Surface acoustic waves (SAW) have become popular in microfluidic manipulation, in solving the problems of microfluidic manipulation, but practical applications employing SAW still require more power than available via a battery. Introducing amplitude modulation at 0.5-40 kHz in SAW nebulization, which requires the highest energy input levels of all known SAW microfluidic processes, halves the power required to 1.5 W even while including the power in the sidebands, suitable for small lithium ion batteries, and maintains the nebulization rate, size, and size distributions vital to drug inhalation therapeutics. This simple yet effective means to enable an integrated SAW microfluidics device for nebulization exploits the relatively slow hydrodynamics and is furthermore shown to deliver shear-sensitive biomolecules--plasmid DNA and antibodies as exemplars of future pulmonary gene and vaccination therapies--undamaged in the nebulized mist. Altogether, the approach demonstrates a means to offer truly micro-scale microfluidics devices in a handheld, battery powered SAW nebulization device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushi Rajapaksa
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
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12
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Cravotto G, Gaudino EC, Cintas P. On the mechanochemical activation by ultrasound. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 42:7521-34. [PMID: 23321794 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35456j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemists have discovered, and recently actively exploited, the fact that subjecting certain molecules to ultrasound waves can bring about transformations that give insight into the correlation between classical tribological processes and the mechanical action caused by collapsing microbubbles when sonic waves propagate through a liquid medium. Chemical transformations induced by ultrasound take place in solution via mechanisms that are markedly different from those associated with molecular activation in the solid state. Both fields, however, share some striking similarities and numerous sonochemical reactions can be rationalized in purely mechanical terms. This tutorial review examines the tribochemical interpretation of sonochemical reactivity and how the multifaceted action of cavitational phenomena determines molecular evolution. A series of case studies involving solids, crystals, and polymers illustrate the mechanical properties of sound waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnología del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy.
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13
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Tarbell JM, Shi ZD, Dunn J, Jo H. Fluid Mechanics, Arterial Disease, and Gene Expression. ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS 2014; 46:591-614. [PMID: 25360054 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-010313-141418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This review places modern research developments in vascular mechanobiology in the context of hemodynamic phenomena in the cardiovascular system and the discrete localization of vascular disease. The modern origins of this field are traced, beginning in the 1960s when associations between flow characteristics, particularly blood flow-induced wall shear stress, and the localization of atherosclerotic plaques were uncovered, and continuing to fluid shear stress effects on the vascular lining endothelial) cells (ECs), including their effects on EC morphology, biochemical production, and gene expression. The earliest single-gene studies and genome-wide analyses are considered. The final section moves from the ECs lining the vessel wall to the smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts within the wall that are fluid me chanically activated by interstitial flow that imposes shear stresses on their surfaces comparable with those of flowing blood on EC surfaces. Interstitial flow stimulates biochemical production and gene expression, much like blood flow on ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Tarbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031
| | - Zhong-Dong Shi
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jessilyn Dunn
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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14
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Fernandez Rivas D, Cintas P, Gardeniers HJGE. Merging microfluidics and sonochemistry: towards greener and more efficient micro-sono-reactors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:10935-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc33920j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Yeo LY, Chang HC, Chan PPY, Friend JR. Microfluidic devices for bioapplications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:12-48. [PMID: 21072867 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing the ability to precisely and reproducibly actuate fluids and manipulate bioparticles such as DNA, cells, and molecules at the microscale, microfluidics is a powerful tool that is currently revolutionizing chemical and biological analysis by replicating laboratory bench-top technology on a miniature chip-scale device, thus allowing assays to be carried out at a fraction of the time and cost while affording portability and field-use capability. Emerging from a decade of research and development in microfluidic technology are a wide range of promising laboratory and consumer biotechnological applications from microscale genetic and proteomic analysis kits, cell culture and manipulation platforms, biosensors, and pathogen detection systems to point-of-care diagnostic devices, high-throughput combinatorial drug screening platforms, schemes for targeted drug delivery and advanced therapeutics, and novel biomaterials synthesis for tissue engineering. The developments associated with these technological advances along with their respective applications to date are reviewed from a broad perspective and possible future directions that could arise from the current state of the art are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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16
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Kulkarni KP, Ramarathinam SH, Friend J, Yeo L, Purcell AW, Perlmutter P. Rapid microscale in-gel processing and digestion of proteins using surface acoustic waves. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:1518-20. [PMID: 20517556 DOI: 10.1039/c001501f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new method for in-gel sample processing and tryptic digestion of proteins is described. Sample preparation, rehydration, in situ digestion and peptide extraction from gel slices are dramatically accelerated by treating the gel slice with surface acoustic waves (SAWs). Only 30 minutes total workflow time is required for this new method to produce base peak chromatograms (BPCs) of similar coverage and intensity to those observed for traditional processing and overnight digestion. Simple set up, good reproducibility, excellent peptide recoveries, rapid turnover of samples and high confidence protein identifications put this technology at the fore-front of the next generation of proteomics sample processing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketav P Kulkarni
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
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17
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Qi A, Yeo L, Friend J, Ho J. The extraction of liquid, protein molecules and yeast cells from paper through surface acoustic wave atomization. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:470-6. [PMID: 20126687 DOI: 10.1039/b915833b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Paper has been proposed as an inexpensive and versatile carrier for microfluidics devices with abilities well beyond simple capillary action for pregnancy tests and the like. Unlike standard microfluidics devices, extracting a fluid from the paper is a challenge and a drawback to its broader use. Here, we extract fluid from narrow paper strips using surface acoustic wave (SAW) irradiation that subsequently atomizes the extracted fluid into a monodisperse aerosol for use in mass spectroscopy, medical diagnostics, and drug delivery applications. Two protein molecules, ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin (BSA), have been preserved in paper and then extracted using atomized mist through SAW excitation; protein electrophoresis shows there is less than 1% degradation of either protein molecule in this process. Finally, a solution of live yeast cells was infused into paper, which was subsequently dried for preservation then remoistened to extract the cells via SAW atomization, yielding live cells at the completion of the process. The successful preservation and extraction of fluids, proteins and yeast cells significantly expands the usefulness of paper in microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Qi
- MicroNanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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18
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Ducloux O, Galopin E, Zoueshtiagh F, Merlen A, Thomy V. Enhancement of biosensing performance in a droplet-based bioreactor by in situ microstreaming. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2010; 4:11102. [PMID: 20644661 PMCID: PMC2905258 DOI: 10.1063/1.3310930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A droplet-based micro-total-analysis system involving biosensor performance enhancement by integrated surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) microstreaming is shown. The bioreactor consists of an encapsulated droplet with a biosensor on its periphery, with in situ streaming induced by SAW. This paper highlights the characterization by particle image tracking of the speed distribution inside the droplet. The analyte-biosensor interaction is then evaluated by finite element simulation with different streaming conditions. Calculation of the biosensing enhancement shows an optimum in the biosensor response. These results confirm that the evaluation of the Damköhler and Peclet numbers is of primary importance when designing biosensors enhanced by streaming.
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Qi A, Friend JR, Yeo LY, Morton DAV, McIntosh MP, Spiccia L. Miniature inhalation therapy platform using surface acoustic wave microfluidic atomization. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:2184-93. [PMID: 19606295 DOI: 10.1039/b903575c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary drug administration requires direct delivery of drug formulations into the lower pulmonary tract and alveoli of the lung in the form of inhaled particles or droplets, providing a distinct advantage over other methods for the treatment of respiratory diseases: the drug can be delivered directly to the site of inflammation, thus reducing the need for systemic exposure and the possibility of adverse effects. However, it is difficult to produce droplets of a drug solution within a narrow monodisperse size range (1-10 microm) needed for deposition in the lower pulmonary tract and alveoli. Here, we demonstrate the use of surface acoustic wave microfluidic atomization as an efficient means to generate appropriate aerosols containing a model drug, the short-acting beta2 agonist salbutamol, for the treatment of asthma. The mean aerosol diameter produced, 2.84+/-0.14 microm, lies well within the optimum size range, confirmed by a twin-stage impinger lung model, demonstrating that approximately 70 to 80% of the drug supplied to the atomizer is deposited within the lung. Our preliminary study explores how to control the aerosol diameter and lung delivery efficiency through the surface tension, viscosity, and input power, and also indicates which factors are irrelevant-like the fluid density. Even over a modest power range of 1-1.5 W, SAW atomization provides a viable and efficient generic nebulization platform for the delivery of drugs via the pulmonary route for the treatment of various diseases. The control offered over the aerosol size, low power requirements, high delivery efficiency, and the miniaturization of the system together suggest the proposed platform represents an attractive alternative to current nebulizers compatible with microfluidic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Qi
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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