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Nsubuga L, Duggen L, Balzer F, Høegh S, Marcondes TL, Greenbank W, Rubahn HG, de Oliveira Hansen R. Modeling Nonlinear Dynamics of Functionalization Layers: Enhancing Gas Sensor Sensitivity for Piezoelectrically Driven Microcantilever. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 38619068 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This article presents a parametrized response model that enhances the limit of detection (LOD) of piezoelectrically driven microcantilever (PD-MC) based gas sensors by accounting for the adsorption-induced variations in elastic properties of the functionalization layer (binder) and the nonlinear motional dynamics of the PD-MC. The developed model is demonstrated for quantifying cadaverine, a volatile biogenic diamine whose concentration is used to assess the freshness of meat. At low concentrations of cadaverine, an increase in the resonance frequency is observed, contrary to the expected reduction due to mass added by adsorption. The study explores the variations in the elastic modulus vis-à-vis the adsorbed mass of cadaverine and derives the resonance frequency to the adsorbed mass response function. We advance a blended technique involving the analysis of atomic force microscopy (AFM) force-distance (f-d) curves and fitting of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) impedance response spectrum to deduce the adsorption-induced changes in the viscoelastic properties of the functionalization layer. The findings obtained are subsequently employed in modeling the response function for a structurally nonhomogenous PD-MC, highlighting the significance of the functionalization layer to the global elastic properties. The structural composition of the PD-MC beam adopted herein features a trapezoidal base hosting the actuating piezoelectric stratum and a rectangular free end with a functionalization layer. The Euler-Bernoulli beam theory coupled with Hamilton's principle is used to develop the equation of motion, which is subsequently discretized into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations via Galerkin expansion, and the solutions to the first fundamental mode of vibration are determined using the method of multiple scales. The obtained solutions provide a basis for deducing the nonlinear response function model to the adsorbed mass. The derived model is validated by recorded resonance frequency changes resulting from exposure to known concentrations of cadaverine. We demonstrate that the increase in resonance frequency for low concentrations of cadaverine is due to the dominance of the variation of the elastic modulus of the functionalization layer originating from the initial binder-analyte interactions over damping due to added mass. It is concluded that the developed nonlinear response function model can reliably be used to quantify the cadaverine concentration at low concentrations with an elevated Limit of Detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Nsubuga
- SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Lars Duggen
- SDU Mechatronics, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Frank Balzer
- SDU Centre for Photonics Engineering, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Simon Høegh
- AmiNIC ApS, Jernbanegade 75, 5500 Middelfart, Denmark
| | - Tatiana L Marcondes
- SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - William Greenbank
- SDU Centre for Industrial Electronics, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Horst-Günter Rubahn
- SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Roana de Oliveira Hansen
- SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
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Khan MRR. Development of a Battery-Free, Chipless, and Highly Sensitive Radio Frequency Glucose Biosensor. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:272. [PMID: 38399000 PMCID: PMC10891716 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In our study, we designed and developed a glucose biosensor that operates without a battery or chip. This biosensor utilizes the principles of radio frequency (RF) to operate. For the construction of a glucose-sensitive interdigitated capacitor (IDC), a famous glucose-sensitive substance called phenylboronic acid (PBA) is combined with a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and n,n-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) solution. According to the theory of radio frequency sensing, the resonance frequency shifts whenever there is a change in the capacitance of the glucose-sensitive IDC. This change is caused by the fluctuations in glucose concentrations. As far as we are aware, this is the first glucose sensor that employs the RF principle to detect changes in glucose solution concentrations using PBA as the principal glucose-sensitive material. The sensor can detect glucose levels with remarkable sensitivity, around 40.89 kHz/decade, and a broad dynamic range covering 10 μM to 1 M. Additionally, the designed biosensor has excellent linearity performance, with a value of around 0.988. The proposed glucose biosensor has several benefits: lightweight, inexpensive, easy to build, and an acceptable selectivity response. Our study concludes by comparing the proposed RF sensor's effectiveness to that of existing glucose sensors, which it outperforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rajibur Rahaman Khan
- Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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3
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Vamos L, Allen J. The use of stringed instruments as an analogy to explain oscillation mechanics of the developing normal and diseased respiratory system. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024. [PMID: 38226848 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Vamos
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julian Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wang J, Jing Z, Xie Z, Ning Z, Qi B. Analysis and Optimization of Dynamic and Static Characteristics of the Compliant-Amplifying Mechanisms. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1502. [PMID: 37630038 PMCID: PMC10456608 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Compliant amplifying mechanisms are used widely in high-precision instruments driven by piezoelectric actuators, and the dynamic and static characteristics of these mechanisms are closely related to instrument performance. Although the majority of existing research has focused on analysis of their static characteristics, the dynamic characteristics of the mechanisms affect their response speeds directly. Therefore, this paper proposes a comprehensive theoretical model of compliant-amplifying mechanisms based on the multi-body system transfer matrix method to analyze the dynamic and static characteristics of these mechanisms. The effects of the main amplifying mechanism parameters on the displacement amplification ratio and the resonance frequency are analyzed comprehensively using the control variable method. An iterative optimization algorithm is also used to obtain specific parameters that meet the design requirements. Finally, simulation analyses and experimental verification tests are performed. The results indicate the feasibility of using the proposed theoretical compliant-amplifying mechanism model to describe the mechanism's dynamic and static characteristics, which represents a significant contribution to the design and optimization of compliant-amplifying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.W.); (Z.J.)
- National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zijian Jing
- Key Laboratory of Optical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.W.); (Z.J.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Zongliang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.W.); (Z.J.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Zongqi Ning
- Key Laboratory of Optical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.W.); (Z.J.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Bo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Optical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (J.W.); (Z.J.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Poudrel AS, Rosi G, Nguyen VH, Housset V, Flouzat-Lachaniette CH, Haiat G. Detection of periprosthetic fractures around the femoral stem by resonance frequency analysis: An in vitro study. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2023:9544119231163632. [PMID: 36992542 DOI: 10.1177/09544119231163632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Periprosthetic femoral bone fractures are frequent complications of Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) and may occur during the insertion of uncemented Femoral Stems (FS), due to the nature of the press-fit fixation. Such fracture may lead to the surgical failure of the THA and require a revision surgery, which may have dramatic consequences. Therefore, an early detection of intra-operative fractures is important to avoid worsening the fracture and/or to enable a peroperative treatment. The aim of this in vitro study is to determine the sensitivity of a method based on resonance frequency analysis of the bone-stem-ancillary system for periprosthetic fractures detection. A periprosthetic fracture was artificially created close to the lesser-trochanter of 10 femoral bone mimicking phantoms. The bone-stem-ancillary resonance frequencies in the range (2-12) kHz were measured on an ancillary instrumented with piezoelectric sensors, which was fixed to the femoral stem. The measurements were repeated for different fracture lengths from 4 to 55 mm. The results show a decrease of the resonance frequencies due to the fracture occurrence and propagation. The frequency shift reached up to 170 Hz. The minimum fracture length that can be detected varies from 3.1±1.7 mm to 5.9±1.9 mm according to the mode and to the specimen. A significantly higher sensitivity (p = 0.011) was obtained for a resonance frequency around 10.6 kHz, corresponding to a mode vibrating in a plane perpendicular to the fracture. This study opens new paths toward the development of non-invasive vibration-based methods for intra-operative periprosthetic fractures detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Poudrel
- CNRS, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, UMR 8208, MSME, F-96010 Créteil
| | - Giuseppe Rosi
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, UMR 8208, MSME, F-96010 Créteil, France
| | - Vu-Hieu Nguyen
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, UMR 8208, MSME, F-96010 Créteil, France
| | - Victor Housset
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique, Hôpital Henri Mondor AP-HP, CHU Paris 12, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, IMRB, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Charles-Henri Flouzat-Lachaniette
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique, Hôpital Henri Mondor AP-HP, CHU Paris 12, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, IMRB, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Guillaume Haiat
- CNRS, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, UMR 8208, MSME, F-96010 Créteil
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Fahrbach M, Xu M, Nyang’au WO, Domanov O, Schwalb CH, Li Z, Kuhlmann C, Brand U, Peiner E. Damped Cantilever Microprobes for High-Speed Contact Metrology with 3D Surface Topography. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2003. [PMID: 36850600 PMCID: PMC9967852 DOI: 10.3390/s23042003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We addressed the coating 5 mm-long cantilever microprobes with a viscoelastic material, which was intended to considerably extend the range of the traverse speed during the measurements of the 3D surface topography by damping contact-induced oscillations. The damping material was composed of epoxy glue, isopropyl alcohol, and glycerol, and its deposition onto the cantilever is described, as well as the tests of the completed cantilevers under free-oscillating conditions and in contact during scanning on a rough surface. The amplitude and phase of the cantilever's fundamental out-of-plane oscillation mode was investigated vs. the damping layer thickness, which was set via repeated coating steps. The resonance frequency and quality factor decreased with the increasing thickness of the damping layer for both the free-oscillating and in-contact scanning operation mode, as expected from viscoelastic theory. A very low storage modulus of E'≈100kPa, a loss modulus of E″≈434kPa, and a density of ρ≈1.2gcm-3 were yielded for the damping composite. Almost critical damping was observed with an approximately 130 µm-thick damping layer in the free-oscillating case, which was effective at suppressing the ringing behavior during the high-speed in-contact probing of the rough surface topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fahrbach
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Straße 66, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Langer Kamp 6a/b, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Min Xu
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wilson Ombati Nyang’au
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Straße 66, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Langer Kamp 6a/b, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Metrology, Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS), Popo Rd, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Oleg Domanov
- GETec Microscopy GmbH, Am Heumarkt 13, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian H. Schwalb
- GETec Microscopy GmbH, Am Heumarkt 13, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Quantum Design Microscopy GmbH, Im Tiefen See 60a, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Zhi Li
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Kuhlmann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Uwe Brand
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Erwin Peiner
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Straße 66, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Langer Kamp 6a/b, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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AlMakadma H, Kei J, Yeager D, Feeney MP. Fundamental Concepts for Assessment and Interpretation of Wideband Acoustic Immittance Measurements. Semin Hear 2023; 44:17-28. [PMID: 36925657 PMCID: PMC10014203 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1763293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of middle ear impedance using noninvasive electroacoustic measurements has undergone successive developments since its first clinical application in the 1940s, and gained widespread adoption since the 1970s in the form of 226-Hz tympanometry, and applications in multifrequency tympanometry. More recently, wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) is allowing unprecedented assessments of the middle ear acoustic mechanics thanks to the ability to record responses over a wide range of frequencies. The purpose of this article is to present fundamental concepts for the assessment and interpretation of wideband measures, including a review of acoustic impedance and its relation to the mass, stiffness, and resistance components of the middle ear. Additionally, an understanding of the middle ear transfer function reveals the relationship between impedance and middle-ear gain as a function of frequency. Wideband power absorbance, a WAI measure, quantifies the efficiency of sound conduction through the middle ear over a wide range of frequencies, and can serve as an analogous clinical measure to the transfer function. The interpretation of absorbance measures in ears with or without a conductive condition using absorbance measured at ambient pressure and pressurized conditions (wideband tympanometry) is described using clinical case examples. This article serves as an introduction to the fundamental principles of WAI measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammam AlMakadma
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Joseph Kei
- Hearing Research Unit for Children, School of Health and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Yeager
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - M Patrick Feeney
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,VA Portland Health Care System, National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, Portland, Oregon
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Nsubuga L, Duggen L, Marcondes TL, Høegh S, Lofink F, Meyer J, Rubahn HG, de Oliveira Hansen R. Gas Adsorption Response of Piezoelectrically Driven Microcantilever Beam Gas Sensors: Analytical, Numerical, and Experimental Characterizations. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:1093. [PMID: 36772134 PMCID: PMC9921292 DOI: 10.3390/s23031093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an approach for the estimation of the adsorbed mass of 1,5-diaminopentane (cadaverine) on a functionalized piezoelectrically driven microcantilever (PD-MC) sensor, using a polynomial developed from the characterization of the resonance frequency response to the known added mass. This work supplements the previous studies we carried out on the development of an electronic nose for the measurement of cadaverine in meat and fish, as a determinant of its freshness. An analytical transverse vibration analysis of a chosen microcantilever beam with given dimensions and desired resonance frequency (>10 kHz) was conducted. Since the beam is considered stepped with both geometrical and material non-uniformity, a modal solution for stepped beams, extendable to clamped-free beams of any shape and structure, is derived and used for free and forced vibration analyses of the beam. The forced vibration analysis is then used for transformation to an equivalent electrical model, to address the fact that the microcantilever is both electronically actuated and read. An analytical resonance frequency response to the mass added is obtained by adding simulated masses to the free end of the beam. Experimental verification of the resonance frequency response is carried out, by applying known masses to the microcantilever while measuring the resonance frequency response using an impedance analyzer. The obtained response is then transformed into a resonance frequency to the added mass response polynomial using a polynomial fit. The resulting polynomial is then verified for performance using different masses of cantilever functionalization solution. The functionalized cantilever is then exposed to different concentrations of cadaverine while measuring the resonance frequency and mass of cadaverine adsorbed estimated using the previously obtained polynomial. The result is that there is the possibility of using this approach to estimate the mass of cadaverine gas adsorbed on a functionalized microcantilever, but the effectiveness of this approach is highly dependent on the known masses used for the development of the response polynomial model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Nsubuga
- SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Lars Duggen
- SDU Mechatronics, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | | | - Simon Høegh
- AmiNIC ApS, Jernbanegade 75, 5500 Middlefart, Denmark
| | - Fabian Lofink
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology, Fraunhoferstraße 1, 25524 Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Jana Meyer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology, Fraunhoferstraße 1, 25524 Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Horst-Günter Rubahn
- SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Roana de Oliveira Hansen
- SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
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Dehning KJ, Hitzemann M, Gossmann A, Zimmermann S. Split-Ring Resonator Based Sensor for the Detection of Amino Acids in Liquids. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:645. [PMID: 36679444 PMCID: PMC9864034 DOI: 10.3390/s23020645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids belong to the most important compounds for life. They are structural components of proteins and required for growth and maintenance of cells. Essential amino acids cannot be produced by the organism and must be ingested through the nutrition. Therefore, the detection of amino acids is of great interest when analyzing cell culture media and nutrition. In this work, we present a split-ring resonator as a simple but sensitive detector for amino acids. Split-ring resonators are RLC resonant circuits with a split capacitance and thus a resonance frequency that depends on the electromagnetic properties of a liquid sample at the split capacitance. Here, the split capacitance is an interdigital structure for highest sensitivity and covered with a fluidic channel for flow through experiments. First measurements with a vector network analyzer show detection limits in the range from 105 µM for glutamic acid to 1564 µM for isoleucine, depending on the electromagnetic properties of the tested amino acids. With an envelope detector for continuous recording of the resonance frequency, the split-ring resonator can be used in ion chromatography. At a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, it reaches limits of detection of 485 µM for aspartic acid and 956 µM for lysine.
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Lee ET, Hong YS, Eun HC. Prediction of the Physical Properties of a Structural Member by the Impact Hammer Test. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:6762. [PMID: 36146107 PMCID: PMC9504339 DOI: 10.3390/s22186762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The frequency response function (FRF) in the frequency domain is a black box used to collect physical information and to indicate the modal characteristics of a dynamic system. Analyzing the collected FRF data through the impact hammer test, dynamic parameters, such as stiffness, mass, and the damping matrix, can be estimated. By extracting and analyzing the FRFs within certain ranges of the lowest few resonance frequencies, this study presents a nondestructive method to estimate the dynamic parameters and the material properties. Updating of the dynamic parameters and material properties is a crucial process for the subsequent design and maintenance. This study presents a method to estimate the physical properties of structural members using measured FRF data and generalized inverse. By extracting and analyzing the FRFs within certain ranges of the lowest few resonance frequencies, the dynamic parameters were predicted. It was observed in numerical experiments that the proposed method could properly estimate the elastic modulus and dynamic parameters of steel beams, although the results were affected by the extracted FRF ranges. The physical properties were close to more accurate values in taking the FRFs at more resonance frequencies, as the member was flexible. The proposed method was also extended to a nondestructive test for an estimation of the compressive strength of concrete. However, it faced difficulty due to the external noise contained in the measured data. It was found sin the nondestructive test that the proposed technique was affected by external noise, unlike a simple steel beam. The concrete strength could be predicted by taking the FRFs in a wide frequency range containing the lowest two resonance frequencies and by averaging the repeated test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Taik Lee
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Yu-Sik Hong
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hee-Chang Eun
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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Özdemir D, Mehel DM, Çeçen AB, Özdemir Ş, Küçüköner Ö, Özgür A. Evaluation of age-related changes in middle-ear structures by wideband tympanometry. Acta Otolaryngol 2022; 142:505-508. [PMID: 35732016 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2022.2087235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presbycusis is bilateral sensorineural hearing loss associated with the progressive degeneration of cochlear and central auditory pathways with aging. AIMS/OBJECTIVES We aimed to reveal age-related changes in middle ear function by using wideband tympanometry (WBT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-eight patients diagnosed with presbycusis were compared to 52 audiologically healthy participants. WBT measurement was performed on both ears via wideband click stimulus with a tympanometer device using probe tone frequencies of 226-8000 Hz. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences detected among the resonance frequencies or maximum absorbance ratios measured in both ears between groups (p > .05). The mean absorbance of the right and left ears at 4000 and 8000 Hz was statistically higher in the patient group than in the healthy controls (r = 0.038, 0.030; l = 0.015, 0.012). Moreover, mean compliance values were found to be significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group (r = 0.030 and l = 0.040). CONCLUSION The significant differences detected in compliance and absorbance values for high frequencies in presbycusis patients were remarkable. Thus, it has been shown that WBT yields an advantage compared to traditional tympanometry in the diagnosis and treatment of middle ear diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doğukan Özdemir
- Department of Otolaryngology, Samsun University School of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Dursun Mehmet Mehel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Bel Çeçen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Samsun University School of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Şule Özdemir
- Department of Public Health, Samsun University School of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ömer Küçüköner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ondokuzmayıs University School of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Özgür
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Yeni Yüzyıl, Gaziosmanpaşa Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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Cai F, Jo SH, Ma Y, Guo H, Xu Y, Xu W, Li F. Effect of Four Groups of GO-CF/EP Composites with Ideal Infiltration Structure and Different Layering Ways on Damping Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122358. [PMID: 35745934 PMCID: PMC9231075 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, four groups of graphene oxide and carbon fiber hybrid-reinforced resin matrix (GO-CF/EP) composites with different layering ways were prepared by a vacuum infiltration hot pressing system (VIHPS). The damping properties of the specimens with different layering ways were tested by the force hammer method, and the micromorphology of the specimens was photographed by scanning electron microscope. The experimental results showed that the damping properties of GO-CF/EP composites gradually increased with the increase in the number of Y-direction layers. The [XYXYXY]6 has the best damping property, with a damping ratio of 1.187%. The damping ratio is 5.3 times higher than that of [XXXXXX]6 layer mode, and the first-order natural frequency is 77.7 Hz. This is mainly because the stiffness of the X-direction layer is larger than that of the Y-direction layer, and its resistance to deformation is considerable. Therefore, its decay rate is slower. The Y-direction layer has weak resistance to deformation and fast energy attenuation. The increase in the number of Y-direction layers will lead to the overall increase in, and the improvement of, the damping properties of GO-CF/EP composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feichao Cai
- School of Power and Energy, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Soo-Ho Jo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Yuqin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Road Construction Technology and Equipment of MOE, School of Construction Machinery, Chang’an University, No.126, Middle Section of Erhuan South Road, Xi’an 710064, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-029-82334483
| | - Haiyin Guo
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, No.2, Taibai South Road, Xi’an 710071, China; (H.G.); (Y.X.); (W.X.); (F.L.)
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, No.2, Taibai South Road, Xi’an 710071, China; (H.G.); (Y.X.); (W.X.); (F.L.)
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, No.2, Taibai South Road, Xi’an 710071, China; (H.G.); (Y.X.); (W.X.); (F.L.)
| | - Fei Li
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, No.2, Taibai South Road, Xi’an 710071, China; (H.G.); (Y.X.); (W.X.); (F.L.)
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高 墨, 尹 德, 樊 明, 窦 训. [Eigenvalue analysis of wideband acoustic immittance in secretory otitis media in children of different ages]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022; 36:180-184. [PMID: 35193338 PMCID: PMC10128296 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective:The characteristic values of broadband acoustic immittance of children of different ages during secretory otitis media were collected resonance frequency and absorption rate of middle ear in children of different ages were compared. Methods:Eighty-two children with secretory otitis media were selected for the broadband acoustic immittance test, including 62 cases (83 ears) in the young effusion group([3.5±0.7]months), and 20 cases (40 ears) in the older effusion group([4.0±0.6]years old). 82 normal children were selected for broadband acoustic immittance test in the same environment, including 62 cases (124 ears) in the younger normal group and 20 cases (40 ears) in the older normal group. The resonance frequency and absorptivity of different age groups under broadband peak pressure were compared, and the frequency absorptivity curve was drawn for analysis. Results:The resonance frequencies of older normal group and younger normal group, older effusion group and older normal group, younger effusion group and younger normal group, older effusion group and younger effusion group were statistically significant(P<0.001). Analysis of sound energy absorption rate at different ages. There was significant difference in sound energy absorption rate between older normal group and younger normal group at 226-1155 / 4757-8000 Hz(P<0.001). The difference of full frequency sound energy absorption rate between the older effusion group and the older normal group was statistically significant(P<0.001), among which the difference of 866-1542 / 2520-4362 Hz absorption rate was the largest. The difference of full frequency sound energy absorption rate between young effusion group and young normal group was statistically significant(P<0.001), and the difference of 1091-2245 / 3776-5494 Hz absorption rate was the largest. Conclusion:Middle ear effusion in children of different ages has different performance under broadband acoustic immittance peak pressure, and has its own characteristic acoustic energy absorption frequency band. This study provides a reference basis for the analysis of the characteristics of middle ear sound transmission in children with secretory otitis media in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- 墨梅 高
- 苏州大学附属儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(江苏苏州,215000)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochoow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - 德佩 尹
- 苏州大学附属儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(江苏苏州,215000)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochoow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - 明月 樊
- 苏州大学附属儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(江苏苏州,215000)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochoow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - 训武 窦
- 苏州大学附属儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(江苏苏州,215000)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochoow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
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Gejguš T, Schröder J, Loos K, Lion A, Johlitz M. Advanced Characterisation of Soft Polymers under Cyclic Loading in Context of Engine Mounts. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:429. [PMID: 35160418 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The experimental investigation of viscoelastic behavior of cyclically loaded elastomeric components with respect to the time and the frequency domain is critical for industrial applications. Moreover, the validation of this behavior through numerical simulations as part of the concept of virtual prototypes is equally important. Experiments, combined measurements and test setups for samples as well as for rubber-metal components are presented and evaluated with regard to their industrial application. For application in electric vehicles with relevant excitation frequencies substantially higher than by conventional drive trains, high-frequency dynamic stiffness measurements are performed up to 3000 Hz on a newly developed test bench for elastomeric samples and components. The new test bench is compared with the standard dynamic measurement method for characterization of soft polymers. A significant difference between the measured dynamic stiffness values, caused by internal resonance of the bushing, is presented. This effect has a direct impact on the acoustic behavior of the vehicle and goes undetected by conventional measurement methods due to their lower frequency range. Furthermore, for application in vehicles with internal combustion engine, where the mechanical excitation amplitudes are significantly larger than by vehicles with electric engines, a new concept for the identification of viscoelastic material parameters that is suitable for the representation of large periodic deformations under consideration of energy dissipation is described. This dissipated energy causes self-heating of the polymer and leads to the precocious aging and failure of the elastomeric component. The validation of this concept is carried out thermally and mechanically on specimen and component level. Using the approaches developed in this work, the behavior of cyclically loaded elastomeric engine mounts in different applications can be simulated to reduce the time spent and save on the costs necessary for the production of prototypes.
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Wu J, Maekoba H, Parent A, Ikehashi T. A Sub-1 Hz Resonance Frequency Resonator Enabled by Multi-Step Tuning for Micro-Seismometer. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 13:mi13010063. [PMID: 35056228 PMCID: PMC8779562 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We propose a sub-1 Hz resonance frequency MEMS resonator that can be used for seismometers. The low resonance frequency is achieved by an electrically tunable spring with an ultra-small spring constant. Generally, it is difficult to electrically fine-tune the resonance frequency at a near-zero spring constant because the frequency shift per voltage will diverge at the limit of zero spring constant. To circumvent this issue, we propose a multi-step electrical tuning method. We show by simulations that the resonance frequency can be tuned by 0.008 Hz/mV even in the sub-1 Hz region. The small spring constant, however, reduces the shock robustness and dynamic range of the seismometer. To prevent this, we employ a force-balanced method in which the mass displacement is nulled by the feedback force. We show that the displacement can be obtained from the voltage that generates the feedback force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Graduate School of Information Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu-shi 808-0135, Japan;
| | - Hideyuki Maekoba
- Coventor, A Lam Research Company, Fremont, CA 94538, USA; (H.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Arnaud Parent
- Coventor, A Lam Research Company, Fremont, CA 94538, USA; (H.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Tamio Ikehashi
- Graduate School of Information Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu-shi 808-0135, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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Kim CJ. Prediction of System Parameters of Carbon-Based Composite Structure for Different Carbon Fiber Orientations with Mode Information at Reference Angle Only. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14247626. [PMID: 34947220 PMCID: PMC8705455 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prediction of system parameters is important for understanding the dynamic behavior of composite structures or selecting the configuration of laminated carbon in carbon-based composite (CBC) structures. The dynamic nature of CBC structures allows the representation of system parameters as modal parameters in the frequency domain, where all modal parameters depend on the carbon fiber orientations. In this study, the variation in the system parameters of a carbon fiber was derived from equivalent modal parameters, and the system parameters at a certain carbon fiber orientation were predicted using the modal information at the reference carbon fiber orientation only and a representative curve-fitted function. The target CBC structure was selected as a simple rectangular structure with five different carbon fiber orientations, and the modal parameters were formulated based on a previous study for all modes. Second-order curve-fitted polynomial functions were derived for all possible cases, and representative curve-fitting functions were derived by averaging the polynomial coefficients. The two system parameters were successfully predicted using the representative curve-fitting function and the modal information at only the reference carbon fiber orientation, and the feasibility of parameter prediction was discussed based on an analysis of the error between the measured and predicted parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Jung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
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17
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Bokov P, Gerardin M, Le Clainche L, Houdouin V, Delclaux C. Impulse oscillometry indices to detect an abnormal lung clearance index in childhood cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:3752-3757. [PMID: 34449977 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of our cross-sectional study was to assess the relationships between indices of multiple breath washout (MBW) and impulse oscillometry system (IOS) in cystic fibrosis in forty consecutive children (median age 8.1 years) in stable conditions and to evaluate whether cut-off values of IOS indices may help to avoid MBW, which is time-consuming. IOS measurements took a median duration of 3 min, while MBW measurements took a median duration of 49 min. Lung Clearance Index (LCI2.5% ) depicted significant linear correlations with z-scores of R5Hz, R5-20Hz, X5Hz, AX, and Fres (r2 = 0.27 to 0.51). Receiver-operator characteristic curves were constructed and showed that the best compromise was obtained with the z-score of Fres, with a cut-off value of -1.37 that had a sensitivity of 0.966, a specificity of 0.636, and a negative predictive value of 0.875. This z-score is useful for excluding increased LCI2.5% when below -1.37 using the reference set of Gochicoa et al. In conclusion, IOS measurement is easily and rapidly obtained in children and may be clinically useful for excluding increased LCI2.5% , thus allowing the time-consuming MBW test to be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plamen Bokov
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de Physiologie Pédiatrique-Centre du Sommeil, INSERM NeuroDiderot, Paris, France
| | - Michele Gerardin
- AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de Pneumopédiatrie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Le Clainche
- AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de Pneumopédiatrie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Houdouin
- AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de Pneumopédiatrie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, INSERM UMR S 976, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Delclaux
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de Physiologie Pédiatrique-Centre du Sommeil, INSERM NeuroDiderot, Paris, France
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18
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Yang S, Song W, Chen Y, Yang L, Wang M, Lian Y, Liu K. An Ultrasonic Laminated Transducer for Viscoelastic Media Detection. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21217188. [PMID: 34770495 PMCID: PMC8587123 DOI: 10.3390/s21217188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on the principle of underwater transducers, an ultrasonic four-laminated transducer with a frequency of 1 MHz was proposed to solve the problem of large energy attenuation when ultrasonic waves propagate in viscoelastic media. First, this study targeted solid rocket propellant as the research object, and the energy attenuation characteristics of ultrasonic waves propagating in viscoelastic media were analyzed through the derivation of the wave equation. Second, the structure of a four-laminated transducer with a frequency of 1 MHz was designed, and the resonance frequency was obtained by a graphical method. The sound field simulation and experimental results showed that the gain of the four-laminated transducer was 15 dB higher than that of the single-wafer transducer. An ultrasonic feature scanning system was built to complete the qualitative and quantitative detection of the smallest artificial hole (ϕ2 mm × 10 mm). Finally, two different natural defects were scanned, and the results were compared with those obtained using an industrial computed tomography detection system. The results showed that the ultrasonic method was more accurate in characterizing two natural defects. The primary cause was that the industrial CT was not sensitive to defects parallel to the incident direction of the ray. Therefore, this study not only achieved the qualitative and quantitative nondestructive testing of solid rocket propellants, but also provides an important reference for other viscoelastic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunmin Yang
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (W.S.); (L.Y.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1393-4509-528
| | - Wenai Song
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (W.S.); (L.Y.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (K.L.)
| | - Yifang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Lu Yang
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (W.S.); (L.Y.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (K.L.)
| | - Mingquan Wang
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (W.S.); (L.Y.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (K.L.)
| | - Yongjian Lian
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (W.S.); (L.Y.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (K.L.)
| | - Kangchi Liu
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (W.S.); (L.Y.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (K.L.)
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19
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Yakovenko OS, Matzui LY, Vovchenko LL, Oliynyk VV, Zagorodnii VV, Trukhanov SV, Trukhanov AV. Electromagnetic Properties of Carbon Nanotube/BaFe 12-xGa xO 19/Epoxy Composites with Random and Oriented Filler Distributions. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11112873. [PMID: 34835638 PMCID: PMC8620058 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The microwave properties of epoxy composites filled with 30 wt.% of BaFe12–xGaxO19 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 1.2) and with 1 wt.% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were investigated in the frequency range 36–55 GHz. A sufficient increase in the microwave shielding efficiency was found for ternary 1 wt.%CNT/30 wt.% BaFe12–xGaxO19/epoxy composites compared with binary 1% CNT/epoxy and 30 wt.% BaFe12–xGaxO19/epoxy due to the complementary contributions of dielectric and magnetic losses. Thus, the addition of only 1 wt.% of CNTs along with 30 wt.% of barium hexaferrite into epoxy resin increased the frequency range where electromagnetic radiation is intensely attenuated. A correlation between the cation Ga3+ concentration in the BaFe12–xGaxO19 filler and amplitude–frequency characteristics of the natural ferromagnetic resonance (NFMR) in 1 wt.%CNT/30 wt.% BaFe12–xGaxO19/epoxy composites was determined. Higher values of the resonance frequency fres (51.8–52.4 GHz) and weaker dependence of fres on the Ga3+ concentration were observed compared with pressed polycrystalline BaFe12–xGaxO19 (fres = 49.6–50.4 GHz). An increase in the NFMR amplitude on the applied magnetic field for both random and aligned 1 wt.% CNT/30 wt.% BaFe12–xGaxO19/epoxy composites was found. The frequency of NFMR was approximately constant in the range of the applied magnetic field, H = 0–5 kOe, for the random 1 wt.% CNT/30 wt.% BaFe12–xGaxO19/epoxy composite, and it slightly increased for the aligned 1 wt.% CNT/30 wt.% BaFe12–xGaxO19/epoxy composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena S Yakovenko
- Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str. 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lyudmila Yu Matzui
- Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str. 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ludmila L Vovchenko
- Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str. 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Victor V Oliynyk
- Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str. 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr V Zagorodnii
- Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str. 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergei V Trukhanov
- Department of Technology of Electronics Materials, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Leninskii av., 4119049 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alex V Trukhanov
- Department of Technology of Electronics Materials, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Leninskii av., 4119049 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
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Abdelkader M, Noman MT, Amor N, Petru M, Mahmood A. Combined Use of Modal Analysis and Machine Learning for Materials Classification. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14154270. [PMID: 34361464 PMCID: PMC8348414 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with modal work that is a type of framework for structural dynamic testing of linear structures. Modal analysis is a powerful tool that works on the modal parameters to ensure the safety of materials and eliminate the failure possibilities. The concept of classification through this study is validated for isotropic and orthotropic materials, reaching up to a 100% accuracy when deploying the machine learning approach between the mode number and the associated frequency of the interrelated variables that were extracted from modal analysis performed by ANSYS. This study shows a new classification method dependent only on the knowledge of resonance frequency of a specific material and opens new directions for future developments to create a single device that can identify and classify different engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelkader
- Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10221 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), 02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Noman
- Department of Machinery Construction, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-776396302
| | - Nesrine Amor
- Department of Machinery Construction, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Michal Petru
- Department of Machinery Construction, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Aamir Mahmood
- Department of Material Engineering, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;
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21
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Lv N, Zhong C, Wang J, Wang L. Bending Vibration Characteristics of a Novel Piezoelectric Composite Trilaminar Vibrator. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14133661. [PMID: 34209101 PMCID: PMC8269816 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the bending vibration characteristics of the 2-2 piezoelectric composite trilaminar vibrator are studied by the finite element simulation and experiment. The simulation results show that the trilaminar vibrator has lower resonant frequency and larger vibration displacement under the fixed boundary condition compared with that of the free boundary condition, and its performance is relatively good. Then, the 2-2 piezoelectric composite and piezoelectric ceramic trilaminar vibrators are fabricated and their performances are tested under the fixed boundary condition. The experimental and simulation results show that the vibrator has pure bending vibration characteristics in the frequency band of 1.2–1.4 kHz, especially the 2-2 piezoelectric composite vibrator, which has lower frequency, higher electromechanical coupling coefficient and larger bending vibration displacement; thus, the 2-2 piezoelectric composite trilaminar vibrator is a better choice for the fabrication of a low-frequency transducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lv
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-178-5411-4388 (N.L.); +86-136-7105-5786 (L.W.)
| | | | | | - Likun Wang
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-178-5411-4388 (N.L.); +86-136-7105-5786 (L.W.)
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22
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Guo P, Zhang J, Feng L, Cui J, Xing C. Theoretical and Experimental Study on Nonlinear Failure of an MEMS Accelerometer under Dual Frequency Acoustic Interference. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:945. [PMID: 33572612 DOI: 10.3390/s21030945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In order to quantitatively study the interfered output of the accelerometer under an acoustic injection attack, a mathematical model for fitting and predicting the accelerometer output was proposed. With ADXL103 as an example, an acoustic injection attack experiment with amplitude sweeping and frequency sweeping was performed. In the mathematical model, the R-squared coefficient was R2 = 0.9990 in the acoustic injection attack experiment with amplitude sweeping, and R2 = 0.9888 with frequency sweeping. Based on the mathematical model, the dual frequency acoustic injection attack mode was proposed. The difference frequency signal caused by the nonlinear effect was not filtered by the low-pass filter. At a 115 dB sound pressure level, the maximum acceleration bias of the output was 4.4 m/s2 and the maximum amplitude of fluctuation was 4.97 m/s2. Two kinds of methods of prevention against acoustic injection attack were proposed, including changing the damping ratio of the accelerometer and adding a preposition low-pass filter.
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23
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Liu Z, Chen J, Zou X. Modeling the Piezoelectric Cantilever Resonator with Different Width Layers. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 21:E87. [PMID: 33375611 DOI: 10.3390/s21010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The piezoelectric cantilever resonator is used widely in many fields because of its perfect design, easy-to-control process, easy integration with the integrated circuit. The tip displacement and resonance frequency are two important characters of the piezoelectric cantilever resonator and many models are used to characterize them. However, these models are only suitable for the piezoelectric cantilever with the same width layers. To accurately characterize the piezoelectric cantilever resonators with different width layers, a novel model is proposed for predicting the tip displacement and resonance frequency. The results show that the model is in good agreement with the finite element method (FEM) simulation and experiment measurements, the tip displacement error is no more than 6%, the errors of the first, second, and third-order resonance frequency between theoretical values and measured results are 1.63%, 1.18%, and 0.51%, respectively. Finally, a discussion of the tip displacement of the piezoelectric cantilever resonator when the second layer is null, electrode, or silicon oxide (SiO2) is presented, and the utility of the model as a design tool for specifying the tip displacement and resonance frequency is demonstrated. Furthermore, this model can also be extended to characterize the piezoelectric cantilever with n-layer film or piezoelectric doubly clamped beam.
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Kim CJ. Temperature-Dependent Dynamic Characteristics of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic for Different Spectral Loading Patterns. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13225238. [PMID: 33228168 PMCID: PMC7699537 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) can be efficiently estimated through a modal damping coefficient and a resonance frequency, and the modal parameters can be calculated using a frequency response function (FRF). The modal parameters used in an CFRP FRF are influenced by the carbon fiber direction, temperature, and spectral loading pattern, as well as the operating conditions. In this study, three parameters—temperature, spectral loading pattern, and carbon fiber direction—were selected as the influential factors for CFRP dynamics, and the sensitivity index formulation was derived from the parameter-dependent FRF of the CFRP structure. The derivatives of the parameter-dependent FRF over the three considered parameters were calculated from the measured modal parameters, and the dynamic sensitivity of the CFRP specimens was explored from the sensitivity index results for five different directional CFRP specimens. The acceleration response of a simple CFRP specimen was obtained via a uniaxial excitation test at temperatures ranging from −8 to 105 °C for the following two spectral loading cases: harmonic and random.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Jung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Korea
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Tatschl JM, Hochfellner SM, Schwerdtfeger AR. Implementing Mobile HRV Biofeedback as Adjunctive Therapy During Inpatient Psychiatric Rehabilitation Facilitates Recovery of Depressive Symptoms and Enhances Autonomic Functioning Short-Term: A 1-Year Pre-Post-intervention Follow-Up Pilot Study. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:738. [PMID: 32792897 PMCID: PMC7386054 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE New treatment options for depression are warranted, due to high recurrence rates. Recent research indicates benefits of heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVBF) on symptom recovery and autonomic functioning in depressed individuals. Slow-paced breathing-induced amplification of vagus nerve activity is the main element of HRVBF. Thus, the latter represents a safe and non-invasive complementary depression treatment. However, its efficacy in patients undergoing inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation receiving highly comprehensive treatments has not been evaluated. METHODS Ninety-two inpatients were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). While the latter received the standard treatment only, adjunctive HRVBF was provided to the IG over 5 weeks. Depression severity and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed before (pre) and after 5 weeks (post). Moreover, 1-year follow-up depression scores were available for 30 participants. RESULTS Although depression improved in both groups, the IG exhibited significantly larger improvements at post-assessment ( η p 2 = 0.065) and significant increases in resting LF-HRV (d = 0.45) and cardiorespiratory coherence (d = 0.61). No significant effects for RMSSD, SDNN, HF-HRV, or HR were found (ps > 0.05). Additionally, the IG showed a medium- to large-sized reduction in resting respiratory rate from 13.2 to 9.8 breaths per minute (p < 0.001, d = 0.86), with the CG exhibiting only a small decrease from 13.5 to 12.4 (p = 0.49; d = 0.35). While the IG exhibited significantly lower depression scores at post-assessment (p = 0.042, d = 0.79), this effect decreased during follow-up (p = 0.195, d = 0.48). CONCLUSION HRVBF as adjuvant therapy during inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation facilitated depression recovery. Additionally, amplified LF-HRV as well as cardiorespiratory coherence at rest and a decrease in resting breathing frequency was observed in the HRVBF group. These findings emphasize HRVBF's value as complementary therapy regardless of concurrent treatments. Moreover, these incremental benefits could serve as resource even after the actual training period. However, the additional antidepressant gains vanish during the long-term follow-up, indicating the need for more intense training or regular practice afterward, respectively. Thus, future studies are warranted to examine how the initial benefits of HRVBF during inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation can be preserved post discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef M. Tatschl
- Health Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Andreas R. Schwerdtfeger
- Health Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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Kang HY, Kim CJ, Lee J. Modal Damping Coefficient Estimation of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Material Considering Temperature Condition. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E2872. [PMID: 32604909 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Excellent mechanical properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic material (CFRP) demonstrates many possibilities in industries using lightweight materials, but unlike isotropic materials, such as iron, aluminum, and magnesium, they show direction-sensitive properties, which makes it difficult to apply for them. The sensitivity of a modal damping coefficient of a CFRP material over the direction of carbon fiber was examined on spectral input patterns in recent research, but the effect of temperature was not considered up to now. To overcome this, uniaxial vibration tests were conducted using five simple specimens with different direction of carbon fiber in a CFRP specimen, the frequency response functions were experimentally determined and the modal damping coefficients were calculated. It was revealed that the resonance point and the modal damping of the specimen changed according to the change in temperature condition. Based on the experimental results, it was demonstrated that the theoretical frequency response function of the carbon composite material is a function of temperature, and it was confirmed that the nonlinear characteristic of the modal damping was the smallest under the 0 degree of direction of carbon fiber.
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Bural C, Dayan C, Geçkili O. Initial Stability Measurements of Implants Using a New Magnetic Resonance Frequency Analyzer With Titanium Transducers: An Ex Vivo Study. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2020; 46:35-40. [PMID: 31905104 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of dental implant stability is mandatory for successful osseointegration. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) is the most frequently used method for the clinical measurement of implant stability. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of the recently developed RF analyzer Penguin RFA and to compare it with the traditional RF analyzer Osstell ISQ. Sixty implants were inserted into fresh steer vertebrae and pelvis. Implant stability was measured using Penguin RFA by its transducers (multipegs) and Osstell ISQ by its transducers (smartpegs). Additionally, stability was measured by multipegs with Osstell ISQ and by smartpegs with Penguin RFA. The intraobserver and interobserver reliability of Penguin RFA were estimated by the intraclass coefficient (ICC). Mean implant stability quotients (ISQs) measured with Osstell ISQ were higher than the ISQs measured with Penguin RFA (P < .05). The intra- and interobserver reliability of Penguin RFA were considered as excellent (ICC > 0.7). For Osstell ISQ, no significance in ISQs was detected between the readings by smartpegs and multipegs (P > .05), while for Penguin RFA ISQs by smartpegs were significantly higher than the ISQs by multipegs (P <.05). The recently developed Penguin RFA is reliable and can be used in clinical practice for the measurement of dental implant stability regardless of the bone type. The multipegs originally manufactured for the Penguin RFA is also compatible with Osstell ISQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Bural
- Department of Prosthodontics, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Dayan
- Program of Dental Technicians, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Geçkili
- Department of Prosthodontics, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
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Perez MD, Jeong SH, Raman S, Nowinski D, Wu Z, Redzwan SMS, Velander J, Peng Z, Hjort K, Augustine R. Head-compliant microstrip split ring resonator for non-invasive healing monitoring after craniosynostosis-based surgery. Healthc Technol Lett 2020; 7:29-34. [PMID: 32190338 PMCID: PMC7067054 DOI: 10.1049/htl.2018.5083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A soft and highly directive, proximity-coupled split-ring resonator fabricated with a liquid alloy, copper and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is presented. The same was designed for sensing osteogenesis of calvarial bone. As dielectric properties of bone grafts in ossifying calvarial defects should change during the osteogenesis process, devices like this could monitor the gradual transformation of the defect into bone by differentiating changes in the dielectric properties as shifts in the resonance frequency. Computational Software Technology (CST) Microwave Studio®-based simulation results on computational head models were in good agreement with laboratory results on head phantom models, which also included the comparison with an in-vivo measurement on the human head. A discussion based on an inductive reasoning regarding dynamics’ considerations is provided as well. Since the skin elasticity of newborn children is high, stretching and crumpling could be significant. In addition, due to typical head curvatures in newborn children, bending should not be a significant issue, and can provide higher energy focus in the defect area and improve conformability. The present concept could support the development of soft, cheap and portable follow-up monitoring systems to use in outpatient hospital and home care settings for post-operative monitoring of bone healing after reconstructive surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio David Perez
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Seung Hee Jeong
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sujith Raman
- Department of Electronics and Instrumentation, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Daniel Nowinski
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.,State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing and Equipment Technology, School of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Syaiful M S Redzwan
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jacob Velander
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhiwei Peng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Klas Hjort
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Engineering Sciences, The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
Acute slow breathing may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular regulation by affecting hemodynamics and the autonomic nervous system. Whether breathing at the resonance frequency (RF), a breathing rate that maximizes heart rate oscillations, induces differential effects to that of slow breathing is unknown. We compared the acute effects of breathing at either RF and RF + 1 breaths per minute on muscle sympathetic nervous activity (MSNA) and baroreflex function. Ten healthy men underwent MSNA, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) recordings while breathing for 10 min at their spontaneous breathing (SB) rate followed by 10 min at both RF and RF + 1 randomly assigned and separated by a 10-min recovery. Breathing at either RF or RF + 1 induced similar changes in HR and HR variability, with increased low frequency and decreased high frequency oscillations (p < .001 for both). Both respiration rates decreased MSNA (-5.6 and -7.3 bursts per min for RF and RF + 1 p < .05), with the sympathetic bursts occurring more often during mid-inspiration to early expiration (+57% and + 80%) and longer periods of silence between bursts were seen (p < .05 for RF + 1). Systolic BP was decreased only during RF (-4.6 mmHg, p < .05) but the decrease did not differ to that seen during RF + 1 (-3.1 mmHg). The sympathetic baroreflex function remained unchanged at either breathing rates. The slope of the cardiac baroreflex function was unaltered but the cardiac baroreflex efficiency was improved during both RF and RF + 1. Acute breathing at either RF or RF + 1 has similar hemodynamic and sympatho-inhibitory effects in healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Pagaduan
- School of Health SciencesCollege of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Sam SX Wu
- School of Health SciencesCollege of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaTasmaniaAustralia
- School of Health SciencesDepartment of Health and Medical SciencesSwinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tatiana Kameneva
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and TechnologySwinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVictoriaAustralia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research InstituteSchool of Health Sciences Faculty of Health, Arts and DesignSwinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Elisabeth Lambert
- School of Health SciencesDepartment of Health and Medical SciencesSwinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVictoriaAustralia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research InstituteSchool of Health Sciences Faculty of Health, Arts and DesignSwinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVictoriaAustralia
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Dagdeviren OE, Miyahara Y, Mascaro A, Enright T, Grütter P. Amplitude Dependence of Resonance Frequency and its Consequences for Scanning Probe Microscopy. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E4510. [PMID: 31627343 DOI: 10.3390/s19204510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With recent advances in scanning probe microscopy (SPM), it is now routine to determine the atomic structure of surfaces and molecules while quantifying the local tip-sample interaction potentials. Such quantitative experiments using noncontact frequency modulation atomic force microscopy is based on the accurate measurement of the resonance frequency shift due to the tip-sample interaction. Here, we experimentally show that the resonance frequency of oscillating probes used for SPM experiments change systematically as a function of oscillation amplitude under typical operating conditions. This change in resonance frequency is not due to tip-sample interactions, but rather due to the cantilever strain or geometric effects and thus the resonance frequency is a function of the oscillation amplitude. Our numerical calculations demonstrate that the amplitude dependence of the resonance frequency is an additional yet overlooked systematic error source that can result in nonnegligible errors in measured interaction potentials and forces. Our experimental results and complementary numerical calculations reveal that the frequency shift due to this amplitude dependence needs to be corrected even for experiments with active oscillation amplitude control to be able to quantify the tip-sample interaction potentials and forces with milli-electron volt and pico-Newton resolutions.
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31
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Gradov OM, Zakhodyaeva YA, Zinov'eva IV, Voshkin AA. Some Features of the Ultrasonic Liquid Extraction of Metal Ions. Molecules 2019; 24:E3549. [PMID: 31575014 PMCID: PMC6803853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-linear equation of the radial oscillations of a liquid ball in an immiscible liquid under the exposure of time-varying sound pressure was obtained. The behavioral features of a liquid spherical drop placed in such a media were analyzed in the presence of ultrasound irradiations. The slowing-down effect of the extracted metal ions under its exposure has been studied for the first time, using theoretical and experimental approaches. This phenomenon mechanism was revealed, and analytical equations for the mass transfer rate as a function of the sound pressure oscillations amplitude and the substrate ultrasonic treatment time are presented. Experimental studies of Fe3+ ions extracted from chloride and nitrate solutions in systems based on water-soluble polymers were carried out, and a convincing coincidence with the results of theoretical calculations was established. The conditions for achieving the desired extraction efficiency when applying the ultrasonic stimulating effect are specified. The derived result opens the complementary possibility in operations, with the separateness of extraction processes, that which has the essential practical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Gradov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Yu A Zakhodyaeva
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - I V Zinov'eva
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A A Voshkin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia
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32
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Kim CJ. Sensitivity Analysis of the Frequency Response Function of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Specimens for Different Direction of Carbon Fiber as Well as Spectral Loading Pattern. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E2983. [PMID: 31540145 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) has been used in many industries owing to its excellent specific-strength characteristics; however, the control of its mechanical properties is difficult owing to the directivity nature of carbon fiber as well as the composition of layered structures. In addition, the damping coefficient of CFRP varies with spectral loading patterns under random and harmonic excitation owing to the high values of damping characteristics compared with conventional steel materials. A scaled sensitivity index was proposed to compare the magnitude of the frequency response function over two parameters of interest: the direction of the carbon fiber and the spectral loading pattern for CFRP specimens. Three specimens with different directions (0°, 45°, and 90°) were prepared and uniaxial excitation testing was conducted for two different spectral loading cases: random and harmonic. The summation of the frequency response was used to calculate the sensitivity index to eliminate the effects of the location of measurement data, and all sensitivity indexes were calculated using the measured responses. Finally, the sensitivity of each CFRP specimen was discussed for two cases, i.e., the direction of carbon fiber and the spectral loading pattern, using the scaled sensitivity index results.
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Al-Harbi FF, Alkhalifah DHM, Elqahtani ZM, Ali FM, Mohamed SA, Abdelbacki AMM. Nonthermal control of Escherichia coli growth using extremely low frequency electromagnetic (ELF-EM) waves. Biomed Mater Eng 2019; 29:809-820. [PMID: 30282336 DOI: 10.3233/bme-181025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria normally live in the intestines of people and animals. Most E. coli are harmless and the treatment of the infection could be achieved by using antibiotics, however the effectiveness is still debatable and needs more investigation. OBJECTIVE Researching the inhibition resonance frequency of square amplitude modulating waves (QAMW) that can inhibit the growth activity of E. coli and its ability to make division. METHODS A range of different extremely low frequencies of square amplitude modulated waves (QAMW) from 0.1 to 1.0 Hz from two generators with a constant carrier frequency of 10 MHz, amplitude of 10 Vpp, modulating depth ± 2 Vpp and constant field strength 200 V/m were used to treat E. coli cells at 37 °C. RESULTS The exposure of E. coli to 0.3 Hz QAMW for 90 min was the most inhibited frequency where the bacterial growth inhibited by 42.3%. Furthermore, a significant increase in antibiotic susceptibility to protein and cell wall inhibitors was investigated. Also, results of the chromosomal DNA sequences, dielectric relaxation and TEM indicated highly significant molecular and morphological changes after the exposure. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the exposure of E. coli to QAMW at the inhibiting frequency interfered with the bioelectric signals generated from the bacteria during the cell division and changed the cellular activity and DNA sequences, and these changes lead to a significant inhibition of the bacterial growth. This is a new promising technique that aids to avoid the repetitive use of antibiotics against the bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Al-Harbi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal H M Alkhalifah
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab M Elqahtani
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadel M Ali
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | - A M M Abdelbacki
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt
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Meng X, Lin S. Analysis of a Cascaded Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducer with Three Sets of Piezoelectric Ceramic Stacks. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E580. [PMID: 30704087 DOI: 10.3390/s19030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To increase the ultrasonic intensity and power of a piezoelectric transducer, a cascaded piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer with the three sets of piezoelectric ceramic stacks is analyzed. The cascaded piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer consists of four metal cylinders and three sets of piezoelectric ceramic stacks in the longitudinal direction. In analysis, the electromechanical equivalent circuit of the cascaded piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer is obtained, as well as the resonance/anti-resonance frequencies equations. By means of an analytical method, when the position of piezoelectric ceramic stacks PZT-2/PZT-3 changes, the resonance/anti-resonance frequencies and the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient of the cascaded piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer have certain characteristics. Several prototypes of the cascaded piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer are manufactured. The experimentally measured resonance frequencies are in good agreement with the theoretical and simulated results. The cascaded piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer with three sets of piezoelectric ceramic stacks presented in this paper is expected to be used in the field of high power ultrasound.
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35
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Wang W, Shi W, Thomas P, Yang M. Design and Analysis of Two Piezoelectric Cymbal Transducers with Metal Ring and Add Mass. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E137. [PMID: 30609772 DOI: 10.3390/s19010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Based on traditional sandwich structure, two piezoelectric transducers were designed to meet the strict underwater application backgrounds such as high pressure, corrosion resistance, and high strength. Both transducers integrated most of previous researches while one transducer has a multilayer cavity structure which is different from the other structure and previous transducer structures. After a detailed simulation analysis of every structural parameter, key parameters were pointed out to have an obvious influence on its performance. Then, two models were constructed and compared with chosen sets of geometry parameters and manufacturing process, which can also provide a reference for low-frequency transducer design. The simulation results and experimental results of our transducers show a good consistency which indicates the cavity structure can reduce the resonance frequency.
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36
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Soares PBF, Moura CCG, Chinaglia CR, Zanotto ED, Zanetta-Barbosa D, Stavropoulos A. Effect of titanium surface functionalization with bioactive glass on osseointegration: An experimental study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2018; 29:1120-1125. [PMID: 30264907 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface functionalization with bioactive glass BSF18 on the osseointegration of sandblasted and dual acid-etched surface (AE) implants. METHODS AND MATERIALS Forty Morse taper implants with an AE surface as controls (C) or with an AE surface functionalized with BSF18 (BF) were placed in the mandibles of 10 beagles. Implants were analyzed after 2 and 4 weeks of healing. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were registered immediately after installation and prior to sacrifice. Samples were analyzed for bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone density (BD). The characterization of BF implants included surface roughness analysis with atomic force microscopy and contact angle (CA) analysis to evaluate wettability. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Surface roughness was not affected by BF treatment. CA was lower in the BF group compared to the C group. No significant difference was observed in ISQ values between surfaces (p = 0,231), irrespective of time. Significantly higher ISQ values were observed for both implants after 4 weeks when compared with baseline (p = 0.04). Significantly higher BIC (p = 0.011) and BD (p = 0.025) values were observed for the BF compared to the C group at 2 weeks. Significantly higher BIC (p = 0.030) and BD (p = 0.015) values for the C group were observed at 4 weeks compared to 2 weeks. No significant difference was observed in the BF group between 2 and 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Implant functionalization with BSF18 improved the wettability of the implant surface; enhancing BIC and BD at 2 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clever Ricardo Chinaglia
- Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Edgar Dutra Zanotto
- Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Andreas Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Aliteh NA, Misron N, Aris I, Mohd Sidek R, Tashiro K, Wakiwaka H. Triple Flat-Type Inductive-Based Oil Palm Fruit Maturity Sensor. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18082496. [PMID: 30071614 PMCID: PMC6111726 DOI: 10.3390/s18082496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to study a triple flat-type air coil inductive sensor that can identify two maturity stages of oil palm fruits, ripe and unripe, based on the resonance frequency and fruitlet capacitance changes. There are two types of triple structure that have been tested, namely Triple I and II. Triple I is a triple series coil with a fixed number of turns (n = 200) with different length, and Triple II is a coil with fixed length (l = 5 mm) and a different number of turns. The peak comparison between Triple I and II is using the coefficient of variation cv, which is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean to express the precision and repeatability of data. As the fruit ripens, the resonance frequency peaks from an inductance–frequency curve and shifts closer to the peak curve of the air, and the fruitlet capacitance decreases. The coefficient of the variation of the inductive oil palm fruit sensor shows that Triple I is smaller and more consistent in comparison with Triple II, for both resonance frequency and fruitlet capacitance. The development of this sensor proves the capability of an inductive element such as a coil, to be used as a sensor so as to determine the ripeness of the oil palm fresh fruit bunch sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Aziana Aliteh
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Norhisam Misron
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Institute of Advance Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Ishak Aris
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Roslina Mohd Sidek
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Kunihisa Tashiro
- Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Wakiwaka
- Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.
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Salmerón JF, Albrecht A, Kaffah S, Becherer M, Lugli P, Rivadeneyra A. Wireless Chipless System for Humidity Sensing. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18072275. [PMID: 30011876 PMCID: PMC6068909 DOI: 10.3390/s18072275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a fully wireless sensory system where a chipless strategy is followed in the sensor part. Alternatively, to characterize only the sensing element, we present the response of the reader antenna when the sensing element is placed in its vicinity: changes in the parameter of interest are seen by the reader through inductive coupling, varying its frequency response. The sensing part consists of a LC circuit manufactured by printing techniques on a flexible substrate, whose electrical permittivity shows dependence with the moisture content. The measurement distance show significant differences in the frequency response: a change of 700 kHz is observed when the measurement is performed directly on the wireless chipless sensor between 20% and 80%RH, while this variation in frequency is reduced more than three times when measuring at the reader antenna with 5 mm distance between elements. Furthermore, we demonstrate the importance of the separation between reader and sensor to get a reliable measuring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Salmerón
- Institute for Nanoelectronics, Technical University of Munich, 80333 München, Germany.
| | - Andreas Albrecht
- Institute for Nanoelectronics, Technical University of Munich, 80333 München, Germany.
| | - Silmi Kaffah
- Institute for Nanoelectronics, Technical University of Munich, 80333 München, Germany.
| | - Markus Becherer
- Institute for Nanoelectronics, Technical University of Munich, 80333 München, Germany.
| | - Paolo Lugli
- Faculty of Science, Free University of Bolzen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Almudena Rivadeneyra
- Institute for Nanoelectronics, Technical University of Munich, 80333 München, Germany.
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Zanetti EM, Pascoletti G, Calì M, Bignardi C, Franceschini G. Clinical Assessment of Dental Implant Stability During Follow-Up: What Is Actually Measured, and Perspectives. Biosensors (Basel) 2018; 8:E68. [PMID: 30011870 PMCID: PMC6165397 DOI: 10.3390/bios8030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of loading protocols following dental implant insertion requires setting up patient-specific protocols, customized according to the actual implant osseointegration, measured through quantitative, objective methods. Various devices for the assessment of implant stability as an indirect measure of implant osseointegration have been developed. They are analyzed here, introducing the respective physical models, outlining major advantages and critical aspects, and reporting their clinical performance. A careful discussion of underlying hypotheses is finally reported, as is a suggestion for further development of instrumentation and signal analysis.
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40
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Sone J, Murakami M, Tatami A. Fundamental Study for a Graphite-Based Microelectromechanical System. Micromachines (Basel) 2018; 9:mi9020064. [PMID: 30393340 PMCID: PMC6187653 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to develop a process for constructing a carbon-based microelectromechanical system (MEMS). First, we prepared a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) crystal microsheet by exfoliation. We fabricated cantilevers and a double-clamped beam by controlling the thickness of the HOPG microsheet using a MEMS process. Second, we used a graphite sheet with contour line adhesion by metal sputter deposition. Third, we used a highly accurate graphite sheet with face adhesion and laser cutting. The first resonance frequencies were evaluated. We confirmed improvement in Q values to 1/10 level of a quarts vibrator, high performance, and a simple structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Sone
- Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo Polytechnic University, Atsugi 243-0297, Japan.
| | - Mutsuaki Murakami
- Material Solutions Research Institute, KANEKA Corporation, Torikai-Nishi 5-1-1, Settsu, Osaka 566-0072, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Tatami
- Material Solutions Research Institute, KANEKA Corporation, Torikai-Nishi 5-1-1, Settsu, Osaka 566-0072, Japan.
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Lee K, Hassan A, Lee CH, Bae J. Microstrip Patch Sensor for Salinity Determination. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:s17122941. [PMID: 29258273 PMCID: PMC5751091 DOI: 10.3390/s17122941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a compact microstrip feed inset patch sensor is proposed for measuring the salinities in seawater. The working principle of the proposed sensor depends on the fact that different salinities in liquid have different relative permittivities and cause different resonance frequencies. The proposed sensor can obtain better sensitivity to salinity changes than common sensors using conductivity change, since the relative permittivity change to salinity is 2.5 times more sensitive than the conductivity change. The patch and ground plane of the proposed sensor are fabricated by conductive copper spray coating on the masks made by 3D printer. The fabricated patch and the ground plane are bonded to a commercial silicon substrate and then attached to 5 mm-high chamber made by 3D printer so that it contains only 1 mL seawater. For easy fabrication and testing, the maximum resonance frequency was selected under 3 GHz and to cover salinities in real seawater, it was assumed that the salinity changes from 20 to 35 ppt. The sensor was designed by the finite element method-based ANSYS high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS), and it can detect the salinity with 0.01 ppt resolution. The designed sensor has a resonance frequency separation of 37.9 kHz and reflection coefficients under −20 dB at the resonant frequencies. The fabricated sensor showed better performance with average frequency separation of 48 kHz and maximum reflection coefficient of −35 dB. By comparing with the existing sensors, the proposed compact and low-cost sensor showed a better detection capability. Therefore, the proposed patch sensor can be utilized in radio frequency (RF) tunable sensors for salinity determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibae Lee
- Research Institute, Kyungwon Co. Ltd., Siheung 15084, Korea;
| | - Arshad Hassan
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea;
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Foundation for Advancement of Science and Technology (NUCES-FAST), H 11/4, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Chong Hyun Lee
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3481
| | - Jinho Bae
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea;
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Xu J, Lin S, Ma Y, Tang Y. Analysis on Coupled Vibration of a Radially Polarized Piezoelectric Cylindrical Transducer. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:E2850. [PMID: 29292785 PMCID: PMC5750671 DOI: 10.3390/s17122850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Coupled vibration of a radially polarized piezoelectric cylindrical transducer is analyzed with the mechanical coupling coefficient method. The method has been utilized to analyze the metal cylindrical transducer and the axially polarized piezoelectric cylindrical transducer. In this method, the mechanical coupling coefficient is introduced and defined as the stress ratio in different directions. Coupled vibration of the cylindrical transducer is regarded as the interaction of the plane radial vibration of a ring and the longitudinal vibration of a tube. For the radially polarized piezoelectric cylindrical transducer, the radial and longitudinal electric admittances as functions of mechanical coupling coefficients and angular frequencies are derived, respectively. The resonance frequency equations are obtained. The dependence of resonance frequency and mechanical coupling coefficient on aspect ratio is studied. Vibrational distributions on the surfaces of the cylindrical transducer are presented with experimental measurement. On the support of experiments, this work is verified and provides a theoretical foundation for the analysis and design of the radially polarized piezoelectric cylindrical transducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Institute of Applied Acoustics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Shuyu Lin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Institute of Applied Acoustics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yan Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Institute of Applied Acoustics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yifan Tang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Institute of Applied Acoustics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Li M, Chen Q, Liu Y, Ding Y, Xie H. Modelling and Experimental Verification of Step Response Overshoot Removal in Electrothermally-Actuated MEMS Mirrors. Micromachines (Basel) 2017; 8:E289. [PMID: 30400479 PMCID: PMC6189931 DOI: 10.3390/mi8100289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) mirrors are widely used for optical modulation, attenuation, steering, switching and tracking. In most cases, MEMS mirrors are packaged in air, resulting in overshoot and ringing upon actuation. In this paper, an electrothermal bimorph MEMS mirror that does not generate overshoot in step response, even operating in air, is reported. This is achieved by properly designing the thermal response time and the mechanical resonance without using any open-loop or closed-loop control. Electrothermal and thermomechanical lumped-element models are established. According to the analysis, when setting the product of the thermal response time and the fundamental resonance frequency to be greater than Q/2π, the mechanical overshoot and oscillation caused by a step signal can be eliminated effectively. This method is verified experimentally with fabricated electrothermal bimorph MEMS mirrors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Qiao Chen
- WiO Technology Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214035, China; (Q.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yabing Liu
- WiO Technology Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214035, China; (Q.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yingtao Ding
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Huikai Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Fu XX, Liu B, Lin M, Qi BE, Liu JX. [The study of wideband acoustic immittance normative data of young people]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 31:1402-1407. [PMID: 29797993 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.18.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To explore the normative data of wideband acoustic absorption rate of young people with normal hearing, and the related factors of wideband acoustic immittance.Method:Eighty six cases of young people with normal hearing (43 cases of male, 43 cases of female) were collected in the clinical audiology centers of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical. The average age is (22.0±1.5) years. Pure tone audiometry in the range of 250 to 8 000 Hz in each octave is carried out, and the air conduction thresholds are less than 25 dB HL; 226 Hz tympanometry were type A. For all subjects, the wideband acoustic immittance measurement was conducted at 226-8 000 Hz, and a total of 107 frequency points were carried out.Result:The test results of 172 ears were statistically analyzed.①In the range of 250-8 000 Hz,acoustic absorption rate in the low frequency range increases gradually, and the peak is found in the range of 1 000 to 3 000 Hz;getting along with the increase of frequency and acoustic absorption rate gradually decreases slowly.②The acoustic absorption rate in the range of 4 200-4 900 Hzin female subjects was significantly higher than that in male subjects.③There was no significant relationship between gender, compliance, peak pressure, and width in 226 Hz tympanometry (P=0.319, 0.831, 0.786), however there was a significant relationship between gender and the ear canal volume (P<0.01).④There was no significant relationship between gender and the resonance frequency (P>0.05).⑤There was a significant correlation between height/weight and ear canal volume (P<0.05), and there was a significant relationship between the ear canal volume and the resonance frequency (P<0.05).Conclusion:The acoustic absorption rate of young people in the low frequency range was lower, then increases gradually, and the peak was found in the range of mid-high frequency. The difference in the wideband absorption rate between genders was significant. The height and weight had influence on the results of wideband acoustic immittance.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - B Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - M Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - B E Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - J X Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100005, China
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Liu H, Zhang C, Weng Z, Guo Y, Wang Z. Resonance Frequency Readout Circuit for a 900 MHz SAW Device. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:s17092131. [PMID: 28914799 PMCID: PMC5620621 DOI: 10.3390/s17092131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A monolithic resonance frequency readout circuit with high resolution and short measurement time is presented for a 900 MHz RF surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor. The readout circuit is composed of a fractional-N phase-locked loop (PLL) as the stimulus source to the SAW device and a phase-based resonance frequency detecting circuit using successive approximation (SAR). A new resonance frequency searching strategy has been proposed based on the fact that the SAW device phase-frequency response crosses zero monotonically around the resonance frequency. A dedicated instant phase difference detecting circuit is adopted to facilitate the fast SAR operation for resonance frequency searching. The readout circuit has been implemented in 180 nm CMOS technology with a core area of 3.24 mm2. In the experiment, it works with a 900 MHz SAW resonator with a quality factor of Q = 130. Experimental results show that the readout circuit consumes 7 mW power from 1.6 V supply. The frequency resolution is 733 Hz, and the relative accuracy is 0.82 ppm, and it takes 0.48 ms to complete one measurement. Compared to the previous results in the literature, this work has achieved the shortest measurement time with a trade-off between measurement accuracy and measurement time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Chun Zhang
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Weng
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yanshu Guo
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Kim E, Fard M, Kato K. Characterisation of the human-seat coupling in response to vibration. Ergonomics 2017; 60:1085-1100. [PMID: 27780424 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2016.1252063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Characterising the coupling between the occupant and vehicle seat is necessary to understand the transmission of vehicle seat vibration to the human body. In this study, the vibration characteristics of the human body coupled with a vehicle seat were identified in frequencies up to 100 Hz. Transmissibilities of three volunteers seated on two different vehicle seats were measured under multi-axial random vibration excitation. The results revealed that the human-seat system vibration was dominated by the human body and foam below 10 Hz. Major coupling between the human body and the vehicle seat-structure was observed in the frequency range of 10-60 Hz. There was local coupling of the system dominated by local resonances of seat frame and seat surface above 60 Hz. Moreover, the transmissibility measured on the seat surface between the human and seat foam is suggested to be a good method of capturing human-seat system resonances rather than that measured on the human body in high frequencies above 10 Hz.Practitioner Summary: The coupling characteristics of the combined human body and vehicle seat system has not yet been fully understood in frequencies of 0.5-100 Hz. This study shows the human-seat system has distinctive dynamic coupling characteristics in three different frequency regions: below 10 Hz, 10-60 Hz, and above 60 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyeong Kim
- a School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Mohammad Fard
- a School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne , Australia
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Guo XG, Zhou ZF, Sun C, Li WH, Huang QA. A Simple Extraction Method of Young's Modulus for Multilayer Films in MEMS Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2017; 8:mi8070201. [PMID: 30400391 PMCID: PMC6190058 DOI: 10.3390/mi8070201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on the first resonance frequency measurement of multilayer beams, a simple extraction method has been developed to extract the Young's modulus of individual layers. To verify this method, the double-layer cantilever, as a typical example, is analyzed to simplify the situation and finite element modeling (FEM) is used in consideration of the buckling and unbuckling situation of cantilevers. The first resonance frequencies, which are obtained by ANSYS (15.0, ANSYS Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA) with a group of thirteen setting values of Young's modulus in the polysilicon layer are brought into the theoretical formulas to obtain a new group of Young's modulus in the polysilicon layer. The reliability and feasibility of the theoretical method are confirmed, according to the slight differences between the setting values and the results of the theoretical model. In the experiment, a series of polysilicon-metal double-layer cantilevers were fabricated. Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) (Lyncée Tech, Lausanne, Switzerland) is used to distinguish the buckled from the unbuckled. A scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) (Polytech GmbH, Berlin, Germany) system is used to measure the first resonance frequencies of them. After applying the measurement results into the theoretical modulus, the average values of Young's modulus in the polysilicon and gold layers are 151.78 GPa and 75.72 GPa, respectively. The extracted parameters are all within the rational ranges, compared with the available results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ge Guo
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zai-Fa Zhou
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Chao Sun
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Qing-An Huang
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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Abstract
Neural oscillations in the gamma range are the dominant rhythmic activation pattern in the human auditory cortex. These gamma oscillations are functionally relevant for the processing of rapidly changing acoustic information in both speech and non-speech sounds. Accordingly, there is a tight link between the temporal resolution ability of the auditory system and inherent neural gamma oscillations. Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) has been demonstrated to specifically increase gamma oscillation in the human auditory cortex. However, neither the physiological mechanisms of tRNS nor the behavioral consequences of this intervention are completely understood. In the present study we stimulated the human auditory cortex bilaterally with tRNS while EEG was continuously measured. Modulations in the participants’ temporal and spectral resolution ability were investigated by means of a gap detection task and a pitch discrimination task. Compared to sham, auditory tRNS increased the detection rate for near-threshold stimuli in the temporal domain only, while no such effect was present for the discrimination of spectral features. Behavioral findings were paralleled by reduced peak latencies of the P50 and N1 component of the auditory event-related potentials (ERP) indicating an impact on early sensory processing. The facilitating effect of tRNS was limited to the processing of near-threshold stimuli while stimuli clearly below and above the individual perception threshold were not affected by tRNS. This non-linear relationship between the signal-to-noise level of the presented stimuli and the effect of stimulation further qualifies stochastic resonance (SR) as the underlying mechanism of tRNS on auditory processing. Our results demonstrate a tRNS related improvement in acoustic perception of time critical auditory information and, thus, provide further indices that auditory tRNS can amplify the resonance frequency of the auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp Ruhnau
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Tino Zaehle
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburg, Germany
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Misron N, Aliteh NA, Harun NH, Tashiro K, Sato T, Wakiwaka H. Relative Estimation of Water Content for Flat-Type Inductive-Based Oil Palm Fruit Maturity Sensor. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 17:E52. [PMID: 28036040 DOI: 10.3390/s17010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The paper aims to study the sensor that identifies the maturity of oil palm fruit bunches by using a flat-type inductive concept based on a resonant frequency technique. Conventionally, a human grader is used to inspect the ripeness of the oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) which can be inconsistent and inaccurate. There are various new methods that are proposed with the intention to grade the ripeness of the oil palm FFB, but none has taken the inductive concept. In this study, the resonance frequency of the air coil is investigated. Samples of oil palm FFB are tested with frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 10 MHz and the results obtained show a linear relationship between the graph of the resonance frequency (MHz) against time (Weeks). It is observed that the resonance frequencies obtained for Week 10 (pre-mature) and Week 18 (mature) are around 8.5 MHz and 9.8 MHz, respectively. These results are compared with the percentage of the moisture content. Hence, the inductive method of the oil palm fruit maturity sensor can be used to detect the change in water content for ripeness detection of the oil palm FFB.
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50
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He RP, Zheng Y, Li G. [A preliminary study of middle ear resonance frequency in normal hearing neonates]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2016; 30:1503-1511. [PMID: 29871128 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2016.19.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aims at establishing normative resonance frequency(RF) data in healthy neonates with normal middle ear function in order to provide reference values for evaluation of neonatal middle ear function in babies who failed newborn hearing screening.Method: Normative resonance frequency(RF) data was tested by Titan3.0. The mean, standard deviation, 95% of the reference range were analyzed.Result: A total of 61 infants(103 ears) aging from 3-21 days were enrolled in the study. The average value of middle ear RF is (283.32±37.87) Hz, 95% of the reference range is(209.09,357.55)Hz. There was no statistically significant difference among the three age groups(P>0.05) (Group Ⅰ: 3-7 days; Group Ⅱ: 8-14 days; Group Ⅲ: 15-21 days). In addition, no significant differences(P>0.05) were found between the genders, the ears and the two delivery modes.Conclusion:The average value of middle ear RF in normal-hearing neonates is lower than that in schoolchildren and adults, suggesting that neonatal middle ear is still in the process of maturation. The low value of normative neonatal RF might reduce the clinical value of middle ear RF in terms of diagnosing otitis media due to the fact that the lower middle ear RF value in otitis media may overlap with the normal range in neonates. Further study needs to be done to address this question in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P He
- Hearing Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Y Zheng
- Hearing Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - G Li
- Hearing Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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