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La Rocca R, Pitman R, Shahbazi S, Lópes T, Dallerba E, Massi M, Smith GD, Lewis SW. Preliminary investigations into the use of the ancient pigments Han blue and Han purple as luminescent dusting powders for the detection of latent fingermarks. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 362:112172. [PMID: 39098140 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Here we present our preliminary studies into the inorganic pigments Han blue (BaCuSi4O10) and Han purple (BaCuSi2O6) as near-infrared luminescent fingerprint dusting powders. These pigments were developed in ancient China around 800 BCE and both show luminescence in the NIR region. There remains, however, ambiguity in the literature concerning their photophysical properties. Samples of Han blue and Han purple artist's pigments were characterized by optical microscopy, infrared, ultraviolet-visible absorbance and luminescence spectroscopy. Their performance as fingerprint dusting powders, without any further treatment, on non-porous surfaces were compared to exfoliated lipophilic coated Egyptian blue and commercial fluorescent powders in a pilot study. These results demonstrate for the first time that both ancient pigments show promise as alternative dusting powders for latent fingermarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby La Rocca
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Rebecca Pitman
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Sorour Shahbazi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Thais Lópes
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Elena Dallerba
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Gregory D Smith
- Conservation Science Department, Indianapolis Museum of Art at Newfields, 4000 Michigan Road, Indianapolis, IN 46208-3326, USA
| | - Simon W Lewis
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
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2
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Huang W, Zhang J, Fan J, Chen P, Zhou L, Zhang X. From Ancient Blue Pigment to Unconventional NIR Phosphor: A Thermal-Stable Near-Infrared I/II Broadband Emission from Ca 1-xSr xCuSi 4O 10 Solid Solution. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:812-823. [PMID: 38109652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphors used in NIR spectroscopy require broadband emission, high external quantum yield, good ability, as well as a tunable spectral range to meet the detection criteria. Two-dimensional copper silicates MCuSi4O10 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) play an important part in ancient art and technology as synthetic blue pigments. In the recent years, these compounds were reported to show a broad near-infrared emission when excited in the visible region. Inspired by the tunable structure of MCuSi4O10, a series of broadband phosphors Ca1-xSrxCuSi4O10 were designed for realizing continuously tunable NIR emission by a modulated Cu2+ crystal field environment. The emission maximum exhibits a red shift from 915 to 950 nm and the integral intensity enhances as the Sr2+ content varies in the range of 0-0.50, which is led by the lattice expansion and the following weakened crystal field splitting on tetrahedral-coordinated Cu2+. Compared to CaCuSi4O10, the optimized sample Ca0.5Sr0.5CuSi4O10 shows enhanced NIR emission by about 2.0-fold. It exhibits quite a high external quantum efficiency covering the NIR-I and -II regions (λmax = 950 nm, fwhm = 135 nm, EQE = 26.3%) with a strong absorption efficiency (74.7%) and a long excited-state lifetime (134 μs). These solid-solution phosphors (x = 0.0-0.5) show excellent thermal stability and maintain over 50% of the RT intensity at 200 °C. The optimized phosphor was encapsulated with red-light chips to fabricate NIR pc-LED and put into night-vision application. These good properties make these Cu2+-activated NIR phosphors appealing for multiple applications such as nondestructive testing, night version, lasers, and luminescent solar concentrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Peican Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liya Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xinguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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3
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Hill B, Abraham S, Akhtar A, Selvaggio G, Tschulik K, Kruss S. Surfactant assisted exfoliation of near infrared fluorescent silicate nanosheets. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20916-20925. [PMID: 37441047 PMCID: PMC10334366 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04083f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorophores that emit light in the near infrared (NIR) are advantageous in photonics and imaging due to minimal light scattering, absorption, phototoxicity and autofluorescence in this spectral region. The layered silicate Egyptian blue (CaCuSi4O10) emits as a bulk material bright and stable fluorescence in the NIR and is a promising NIR fluorescent material for (bio)photonics. Here, we demonstrate a surfactant-based (mild) exfoliation procedure to produce nanosheets (EB-NS) of high monodispersity, heights down to 1 nm and diameters <20 nm in large quantities. The approach combines planetary ball milling, surfactant assisted bath sonication and centrifugation steps. It avoids the impurities that are typical for the harsh conditions of tip-sonication. Several solvents and surfactants were tested and we found the highest yield for sodium dodecyl benzyl sulfate (SDBS) and water. The NIR fluorescence emission (λem ≈ 930-940 nm) is not affected by this procedure, is extremely stable and is not affected by quenchers. This enables the use of EB-NS for macroscopic patterning/barcoding of materials in the NIR. In summary, we present a simple and mild route to NIR fluorescent nanosheets that promise high potential as NIR fluorophores for optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Smitha Abraham
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Anas Akhtar
- Analytical Chemistry II, Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum
| | | | | | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems 47057 Duisburg Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) 47057 Duisburg Germany
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4
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Selvaggio G, Herrmann N, Hill B, Dervişoğlu R, Jung S, Weitzel M, Dinarvand M, Stalke D, Andreas L, Kruss S. Covalently Functionalized Egyptian Blue Nanosheets for Near-Infrared Bioimaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:309-317. [PMID: 36538701 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophores emitting in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region present optimal characteristics for photonics and especially bioimaging. Unfortunately, only few NIR fluorescent materials are known, and even fewer are biocompatible. For this reason, the scientific interest in designing NIR fluorophores is very high. Egyptian Blue (CaCuSi4O10, EB) is an NIR fluorescent layered silicate that can be exfoliated into fluorescent nanosheets (EB-NS). So far, its surface chemistry has not been tailored, but this is crucial for colloidal stability and biological targeting. Here, we demonstrate covalent surface functionalization of EB nanosheets (EBfunc) via Si-H activation using hydrosilanes with variable functionalities. In the first part of this work, EB-NS are grafted with the visible fluorescent pyrene (Pyr) moieties to demonstrate conjugation by colocalization of the Vis/NIR fluorescence on the (single) EB-NS level. Next, the same grafting procedure was repeated and validated with carboxyl group (COOH)-containing hydrosilanes. These groups serve as a generic handle for further (bio)functionalization of the EB-NS surface. In this way, folic acid (FA) could be conjugated to EB-NS, allowing the targeting of folic acid receptor-expressing cancer cells. These results highlight the potential of this surface chemistry approach to modify EB-NS, enabling targeted NIR imaging for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Selvaggio
- Department of Chemistry, Bochum University, Bochum 44801, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Niklas Herrmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Björn Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Bochum University, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Rıza Dervişoğlu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Bochum University, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Milan Weitzel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Meshkat Dinarvand
- Department of Chemistry, Bochum University, Bochum 44801, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Loren Andreas
- Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry, Bochum University, Bochum 44801, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Duisburg 47057, Germany.,Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Duisburg 47057, Germany
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5
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Selvaggio G, Kruss S. Preparation, properties and applications of near-infrared fluorescent silicate nanosheets. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9553-9575. [PMID: 35766334 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02967g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The layered silicates Egyptian Blue (CaCuSi4O10, EB), Han Blue (BaCuSi4O10, HB) and Han Purple (BaCuSi2O6, HP) are known as historic pigments, but they also possess novel optoelectronic properties with great potential for fundamental research and technology. They fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR) range and can be exfoliated into two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (i.e. nanosheets, NS) which retain the photophysical properties of the bulk materials. These and other characteristics fuel the growing excitement of the scientific community about these materials. EB-, HB- and HP-NS have been used in various applications ranging from smart inks, energy storage, bioimaging, to phototherapy and more. In this review article, we report the fundamental properties of these low-dimensional silicate nanomaterials, discuss applications and outline perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry, Bochum University, Bochum, 44801, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Duisburg, 47057, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Duisburg, 47057, Germany
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6
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Palmyrene Polychromy: Investigations of Funerary Portraits from Palmyra in the Collections of the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen. HERITAGE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/heritage5020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The current study is the first comprehensive investigation of the polychromy of Palmyrene funerary portraits. It presents the technical examinations of six portraits (ca. 150–250 CE) from the collection of the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, illustrating the marvellous splendour of the cultural heritage of ancient Palmyra. The six portraits were examined with various analytical methods, including microscopy, ultraviolet-induced visible fluorescence imaging and visible light-induced infrared luminescence imaging, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Finally, two samples were collected for liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to obtain the amino acid sequence information. Various pigments were detected in the polychromy including lapis lazuli, pyromorphite, mimetite, yellow ochre, red ochre, a red lake, lead carbonate, zinc oxide, bone black, and charcoal black. The proteinaceous binding medium was identified as collagen-based and possibly also keratin-based animal glue. The examinations of the Palmyrene portraits in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek have proven that these artefacts, despite their current uniform, white appearance, originally presented themselves in a wealth of colours. This is illustrated by the digital reconstructions carried out of two of the examined portraits, which show how the original painting of these portraits would have given them an entirely different expression from what we see today.
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7
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Shahbazi S, Goodpaster JV, Smith GD, Becker T, Lewis SW. Studies into exfoliation and coating of Egyptian blue in methanol for application to the detection of latent fingermarks. Sci Justice 2022; 62:455-460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Radpour R, Delaney JK, Kakoulli I. Acquisition of High Spectral Resolution Diffuse Reflectance Image Cubes (350-2500 nm) from Archaeological Wall Paintings and Other Immovable Heritage Using a Field-Deployable Spatial Scanning Reflectance Spectrometry Hyperspectral System. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22051915. [PMID: 35271062 PMCID: PMC8914818 DOI: 10.3390/s22051915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in bringing non-invasive laboratory-based analytical imaging tools to field sites to study wall paintings in order to collect molecular information on the macroscale. Analytical imaging tools, such as reflectance imaging spectrometry, have provided a wealth of information about artist materials and working methods, as well as painting conditions. Currently, scientific analyses of wall paintings have been limited to point-measurement techniques such as reflectance spectroscopy (near-ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared), X-ray fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy. Macroscale data collection methods have been limited to multispectral imaging in reflectance and luminescence modes, which lacks sufficient spectral bands to allow for the mapping and identification of artist materials of interest. The development of laboratory-based reflectance and elemental imaging spectrometers and scanning systems has sparked interest in developing truly portable versions, which can be brought to field sites to study wall paintings where there is insufficient space or electrical power for laboratory instruments. This paper presents the design and testing of a simple hyperspectral system consisting of a 2D spatial spot scanning spectrometer, which provides high spectral resolution diffuse reflectance spectra from 350 to 2500 nm with high signal to noise and moderate spatial resolution (few mm). This spectral range at high spectral resolution was found to provide robust chemical specificity sufficient to identify and map many artists' materials, as well as the byproducts of weathering and conservation coatings across the surface of ancient and Byzantine Cypriot wall paintings. Here, we present a detailed description of the hyperspectral system, its performance, and examples of its use to study wall paintings from Roman tombs in Cyprus. The spectral/spatial image processing workflow to make maps of pigments and constituent painting materials is also discussed. This type of configurable hyperspectral system and the imaging processing workflow offer a new tool for the field study of wall paintings and other immovable heritage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Radpour
- Scientific Research Department, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC 20565, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (J.K.D.)
| | - John K. Delaney
- Scientific Research Department, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC 20565, USA
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (J.K.D.)
| | - Ioanna Kakoulli
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
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9
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Mattana S, Dal Fovo A, Lagarto JL, Bossuto MC, Shcheslavskiy V, Fontana R, Cicchi R. Automated Phasor Segmentation of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Data for Discriminating Pigments and Binders Used in Artworks. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051475. [PMID: 35268575 PMCID: PMC8911548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-invasive analysis of fluorescence from binders and pigments employed in mixtures in artworks is a major challenge in cultural heritage science due to the broad overlapping emission of different fluorescent species causing difficulties in the data interpretation. To improve the specificity of fluorescence measurements, we went beyond steady-state fluorescence measurements by resolving the fluorescence decay dynamics of the emitting species through time-resolved fluorescence imaging (TRFI). In particular, we acquired the fluorescence decay features of different pigments and binders using a portable and compact fibre-based imaging setup. Fluorescence time-resolved data were analysed using the phasor method followed by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to automatically identify the populations of fluorescent species within the fluorescence decay maps. Our results demonstrate that this approach allows distinguishing different binders when mixed with the same pigment as well as discriminating different pigments dispersed in a common binder. The results obtained could establish a framework for the analysis of a broader range of pigments and binders to be then extended to several other materials used in art production. The obtained results, together with the compactness and portability of the instrument, pave the way for future in situ applications of the technology on paintings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mattana
- National Institute of Optics—National Research Council (CNR-INO), Largo E. Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (A.D.F.); (R.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Alice Dal Fovo
- National Institute of Optics—National Research Council (CNR-INO), Largo E. Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (A.D.F.); (R.F.); (R.C.)
| | - João Luís Lagarto
- Biophotonics Platform, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Av. Brasilia, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Chiara Bossuto
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Vladislav Shcheslavskiy
- Becker & Hickl GmbH, Nunsdorfer Ring 7-9, 12277 Berlin, Germany;
- Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Raffaella Fontana
- National Institute of Optics—National Research Council (CNR-INO), Largo E. Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (A.D.F.); (R.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Riccardo Cicchi
- National Institute of Optics—National Research Council (CNR-INO), Largo E. Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (A.D.F.); (R.F.); (R.C.)
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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10
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Hämmer M, Pielnhofer F, Janka O, Takahashi H, Gross P, Pöttgen R, Höppe HA. Polymorphism and optical, magnetic and thermal properties of the either phyllo- or inosilicate-analogous borosulfate Cu[B 2(SO 4) 4]. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3104-3115. [PMID: 35137733 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two polymorphs of the borosulfate Cu[B2(SO4)4] can be selectively prepared by solvothermal syntheses. The crystal structures of inosilicate-analogous α-Cu[B2(SO4)4] (P1̄, no. 2, a = 5.2636(2), b = 7.1449(2), c = 7.9352(2) Å, α = 73.698(2)°, β = 70.737(2)°, γ = 86.677(2)°, 65 parameters, RBragg = 0.0052) and the new phyllosilicate-analogous polymorph β-Cu[B2(SO4)4] (P21/n, no. 14, a = 7.712(3), b = 8.149(3), c = 9.092(3) Å, β = 111.22(1)°, 3829 independent reflections, 106 parameters, wR2 = 0.054) are discussed. Further, the optical, magnetic and thermal properties of both polymorphs are investigated with focus on the role of the Cu2+ cation and its Jahn-Teller effect. The findings are confirmed by DFT calculations yielding insights in the stability of the synthesised polymorphs as well as a predicted γ-modification. Additionally, the crystal structures of two polymorphs of copper hydrogensulfate Cu(HSO4)2-I (P21/n, no. 14, a = 4.7530(2), b = 8.5325(4), c = 7.3719(3) Å, β = 100.063(1)°, 1063 independent reflections, 55 parameters, wR2 = 0.052) and Cu(HSO4)2-II (P1̄, no. 2, a = 4.79.88(8), b = 7.857(1), c = 8.057(1) Å, α = 77.86(1)°, β = 87.02(1)°, γ = 89.82(1)°, 1044 independent reflections, 109 parameters, wR2 = 0.132) as well as that of Cu[S2O7] (C2/c, no. 15, a = 6.6341(4), b = 8.7302(5), c = 9.0555(8) Å, β = 104.763(3)°, 1117 independent reflections, 48 parameters, wR2 = 0.049) are presented and the cyclosilicate-analogous borosulfate Cu[B(SO4)2(HSO4)] is fully characterised with respect to its optical and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hämmer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Florian Pielnhofer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Janka
- Universität des Saarlandes, Anorganische Festkörperchemie, Campus C4 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hirotaka Takahashi
- Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Gross
- Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Henning A Höppe
- Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
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11
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Bracci S, Cantisani E, Conti C, Magrini D, Vettori S, Tomassini P, Marano M. Enriching the knowledge of Ostia Antica painted fragments: a multi-methodological approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120260. [PMID: 34507033 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the study of selected painted fragments from different contexts of Ostia Antica city, dating between 2nd century BCE and the end of the 1st century CE. The aim is to identify the raw materials used and to understand the execution techniques through a non-invasive protocol including techniques based either on multiband imaging (Visible-VIS, Ultraviolet induced Luminescence - UVL and Visible Induced Luminescence - VIL) and single spot analyses (Fiber Optic Reflectance Spectroscopy- FORS and portable X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry - XRF). The most representative and interesting fragments were sampled for further studies with laboratory techniques such as optical microscopy (OM) and electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared and micro-Raman Spectroscopies (FT-IR and μRaman). The extensive use of non-invasive techniques, even working on fragments, is proved to be the most robust and effective approach enabling the analysis of a high number of areas, dramatically increasing the statistical meaning of the collected data. The elaboration of such a huge number of data allows highlighting differences and similarities, thus achieving a more realistic overview of the materials composition and addressing the sampling to the more significant and complex areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Bracci
- Institute of Heritage Science - National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Emma Cantisani
- Institute of Heritage Science - National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Conti
- Institute of Heritage Science - National Council of Research, Via Cozzi, 53, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Donata Magrini
- Institute of Heritage Science - National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Vettori
- Institute of Heritage Science - National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Tomassini
- École française de Rome, Centro Studi Pittura Romana Ostiense, Italy
| | - Martina Marano
- Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), Université catholique de Louvain, Centro Studi Pittura Romana Ostiense, Italy
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12
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Sgamellotti A, Anselmi C. An evergreen blue. Spectroscopic properties of Egyptian blue from pyramids to Raphael, and beyond. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Fluorescence Lifetime Phasor Analysis and Raman Spectroscopy of Pigmented Organic Binders and Coatings Used in Artworks. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app12010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence analysis of materials used as binders and coatings in artworks is often hampered by numerous factors, leading to uncertainties in data interpretation. Fluorescence lifetime (FL) measurements enable improvement of the specificity with respect to steady-state measurements by resolving the decay dynamics of the fluorophore emissions. In this work, layers of natural resin, oil, and wax—in pure form, pigmented, in mixtures, and spread on different substrates—were analyzed using a compact, portable, fiber-based FL instrument. FL data were processed via the phasor method and integrated with Raman spectroscopy to obtain complementary chemical information on the different substances. It was observed that the τ-phase of the mixtures is affected by both the pigments and the dispersing medium, and that the presence of the metal substrate contributes to changes in the FL of mixtures. The results obtained with our portable FL system combined with Raman spectroscopy pave the way for a systematic study of a larger number of materials for future in situ applications on works of art.
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14
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Nondestructive Analysis of Wall Paintings at Ostia Antica. HERITAGE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/heritage4040244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Roman wall paintings at Ostia Antica were studied for the first time in situ in an integrated approach using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) depth profiling, portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and visible induced luminescence (VIL) in order to explore the materials used in their construction and gain insight into the evolution of the Roman painting technique over time. NMR revealed the signatures of covered wall paintings through details of the structure of the top painted mortar layers, and the loss of this information that can be encountered when paintings are detached from the wall for preservation purposes. XRF provided information about the pigment composition of the paintings, and VIL was used to identify Egyptian Blue. Egyptian Blue was only found in the earlier wall paintings studied dating from 1st century B.C.E. to the 1st century C.E. The pigment palette seems to become limited to iron-based pigments in the later paintings, whereas the palette of the earlier paintings appears to be more varied including mercury, lead, and copper-based pigments.
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15
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Selvaggio G, Weitzel M, Oleksiievets N, Oswald TA, Nißler R, Mey I, Karius V, Enderlein J, Tsukanov R, Kruss S. Photophysical properties and fluorescence lifetime imaging of exfoliated near-infrared fluorescent silicate nanosheets. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4541-4553. [PMID: 36133471 PMCID: PMC9419235 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The layered silicates Egyptian Blue (CaCuSi4O10, EB), Han Blue (BaCuSi4O10, HB) and Han Purple (BaCuSi2O6, HP) emit as bulk materials bright and stable fluorescence in the near-infrared (NIR), which is of high interest for (bio)photonics due to minimal scattering, absorption and phototoxicity in this spectral range. So far the optical properties of nanosheets (NS) of these silicates are poorly understood. Here, we exfoliate them into monodisperse nanosheets, report their physicochemical properties and use them for (bio)photonics. The approach uses ball milling followed by tip sonication and centrifugation steps to exfoliate the silicates into NS with lateral size and thickness down to ≈ 16-27 nm and 1-4 nm, respectively. They emit at ≈ 927 nm (EB-NS), 953 nm (HB-NS) and 924 nm (HP-NS), and single NS can be imaged in the NIR. The fluorescence lifetimes decrease from ≈ 30-100 μs (bulk) to 17 μs (EB-NS), 8 μs (HB-NS) and 7 μs (HP-NS), thus enabling lifetime-encoded multicolor imaging both on the microscopic and the macroscopic scale. Finally, remote imaging through tissue phantoms reveals the potential for bioimaging. In summary, we report a procedure to gain monodisperse NIR fluorescent silicate nanosheets, determine their size-dependent photophysical properties and showcase the potential for NIR photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Selvaggio
- Physical Chemistry II, Bochum University Bochum 44801 Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Milan Weitzel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Nazar Oleksiievets
- Third Institute of Physics, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Tabea A Oswald
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Robert Nißler
- Physical Chemistry II, Bochum University Bochum 44801 Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Ingo Mey
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Volker Karius
- Department of Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, Geoscience Center, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Jörg Enderlein
- Third Institute of Physics, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen Germany
| | - Roman Tsukanov
- Third Institute of Physics, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Physical Chemistry II, Bochum University Bochum 44801 Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Duisburg 47057 Germany
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16
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Sobik P, Jeremiasz O, Nowak P, Sala A, Pawłowski B, Kulesza-Matlak G, Sypień A, Drabczyk K. Towards Efficient Luminescent Solar Energy Concentrator Using Cuprorivaite Infrared Phosphor (CaCuSi 4O 10)-Effect of Dispersing Method on Photoluminescence Intensity. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143952. [PMID: 34300871 PMCID: PMC8307361 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cuprorivaite, also known as Egyptian blue (EB), CaCuSi4O10, has been utilized as an important blue pigment for thousands of years. It shows a 430–800 nm broad excitation band and an intense 910–920 nm near-infrared (NIR) emission peak at room temperature. The application that motivates the current research is for luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) usage. Current technology for this purpose relies on high near-infrared reflectance. This article addresses the investigation of the relationship between dispersing methods and photoluminescence (PL) intensity. Mechanical grinding methods investigated in the study were: horizontal bead mill, exfoliation and three-roll mill. The initial aim of the study was to verify if the proposed methods do not damage PL. To the surprise of the authors, three-roll mill treatment enhanced PL by nearly 50% without altering the morphology of the powder. An X-ray diffraction study suggested slight alterations in the crystal lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Sobik
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25 Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (P.S.); (O.J.); (G.K.-M.); (A.S.)
- Helioenergia sp. z o.o., Rybnicka 68 Str., 44-238 Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Poland; (P.N.); (A.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Olgierd Jeremiasz
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25 Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (P.S.); (O.J.); (G.K.-M.); (A.S.)
- Helioenergia sp. z o.o., Rybnicka 68 Str., 44-238 Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Poland; (P.N.); (A.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Paweł Nowak
- Helioenergia sp. z o.o., Rybnicka 68 Str., 44-238 Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Poland; (P.N.); (A.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Agata Sala
- Helioenergia sp. z o.o., Rybnicka 68 Str., 44-238 Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Poland; (P.N.); (A.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Bartłomiej Pawłowski
- Helioenergia sp. z o.o., Rybnicka 68 Str., 44-238 Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Poland; (P.N.); (A.S.); (B.P.)
- Institute of Thermal Technology, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Grażyna Kulesza-Matlak
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25 Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (P.S.); (O.J.); (G.K.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Sypień
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25 Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (P.S.); (O.J.); (G.K.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Kazimierz Drabczyk
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25 Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (P.S.); (O.J.); (G.K.-M.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Trace compounds in Early Medieval Egyptian blue carry information on provenance, manufacture, application, and ageing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11296. [PMID: 34050218 PMCID: PMC8163881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a few scientific evidences for the use of Egyptian blue in Early Medieval wall paintings in Central and Southern Europe have been reported so far. The monochrome blue fragment discussed here belongs to the second church building of St. Peter above Gratsch (South Tyrol, Northern Italy, fifth/sixth century A.D.). Beyond cuprorivaite and carbon black (underpainting), 26 accessory minerals down to trace levels were detected by means of Raman microspectroscopy, providing unprecedented insights into the raw materials blend and conversion reactions during preparation, application, and ageing of the pigment. In conjunction with archaeological evidences for the manufacture of Egyptian blue in Cumae and Liternum and the concordant statements of the antique Roman writers Vitruvius and Pliny the Elder, natural impurities of the quartz sand speak for a pigment produced at the northern Phlegrean Fields (Campania, Southern Italy). Chalcocite (and chalcopyrite) suggest the use of a sulphidic copper ore, and water-insoluble salts a mixed-alkaline flux in the form of plant ash. Not fully reacted quartz crystals partly intergrown with cuprorivaite and only minimal traces of silicate glass portend solid-state reactions predominating the chemical reactions during synthesis, while the melting of the raw materials into glass most likely played a negligible role.
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18
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Tyler JL, Sacci RL, Ning J, Mullins DR, Liang K, Nanda J, Sun J, Naguib M. Egyptian blue: from pigment to battery electrodes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19885-19889. [PMID: 35479241 PMCID: PMC9033668 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00956g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report on using Egyptian blue as an anode material for Li-ion batteries. A 1st cycle lithiation capacity of 594 mA h g-1 and reversible capacity of 210 mA h g-1 at 20 mA g-1, and at 500 mA g-1 a reversible capacity of 120 mA h g-1 (stable over 1000 cycles) were achieved with coulombic efficiency more than 99.5%. Using X-ray diffraction, and FTIR and X-ray absorption spectroscopies we found that the material goes through a conversion reaction during the 1st cycle that results in the formation of amorphous mixed oxides with copper nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Landon Tyler
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA
| | - Robert L Sacci
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA
| | - Jinliang Ning
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - David R Mullins
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA
| | - Kun Liang
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Jagjit Nanda
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Michael Naguib
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
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19
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Martínez G, Merinero M, Pérez-Aranda M, Pérez-Soriano EM, Ortiz T, Begines B, Alcudia A. Environmental Impact of Nanoparticles' Application as an Emerging Technology: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 14:E166. [PMID: 33396469 PMCID: PMC7795427 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The unique properties that nanoparticles exhibit, due to their small size, are the principal reason for their numerous applications, but at the same time, this might be a massive menace to the environment. The number of studies that assess the possible ecotoxicity of nanomaterials has been increasing over the last decade to determine if, despite the positive aspects, they should be considered a potential health risk. To evaluate their potential toxicity, models are used in all types of organisms, from unicellular bacteria to complex animal species. In order to better understand the environmental consequences of nanotechnology, this literature review aims to describe and classify nanoparticles, evaluating their life cycle, their environmental releasing capacity and the type of impact, particularly on living beings, highlighting the need to develop more severe and detailed legislation. Due to their diversity, nanoparticles will be discussed in generic terms focusing on the impact of a great variety of them, highlighting the most interesting ones for the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Martínez
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, C/Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (G.M.); (M.M.); (P.-A.M.)
| | - Manuel Merinero
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, C/Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (G.M.); (M.M.); (P.-A.M.)
| | - María Pérez-Aranda
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, C/Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (G.M.); (M.M.); (P.-A.M.)
| | - Eva María Pérez-Soriano
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Transport, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, 41011 Seville, Spain;
| | - Tamara Ortiz
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain;
| | - Belén Begines
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, C/Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (G.M.); (M.M.); (P.-A.M.)
| | - Ana Alcudia
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, C/Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (G.M.); (M.M.); (P.-A.M.)
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20
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Seymour LM, Nicola M, Kessler MI, Yost CL, Bazzacco A, Marello A, Ferraris E, Gobetto R, Masic A. On the production of ancient Egyptian blue: Multi-modal characterization and micron-scale luminescence mapping. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242549. [PMID: 33232351 PMCID: PMC7685487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ancient pigment Egyptian blue has long been studied for its historical significance; however, recent work has shown that its unique visible induced luminescent property can be used both to identify the pigment and to inspire new materials with this characteristic. In this study, a multi-modal characterization approach is used to explore variations in ancient production of Egyptian blue from shabti statuettes found in the village of Deir el-Medina in Egypt (Luxor, West Bank) dating back to the New Kingdom (18th-20th Dynasties; about 1550–1077 BCE). Using quantitative SEM-EDS analysis, we identify two possible production groups of the Egyptian blue and demonstrate the presence of multiple phases within samples using cluster analysis and ternary diagram representations. Using both macro-scale non-invasive (X-rays fluorescence and multi-spectral imaging) and micro-sampling (SEM-EDS and Raman confocal microspectroscopy) techniques, we correlate photoluminescence and chemical composition of the ancient samples. We introduce Raman spectroscopic imaging as a means to capture simultaneously visible-induced luminesce and crystal structure and utilize it to identify two classes of luminescing and non-luminescing silicate phases in the pigment that may be connected to production technologies. The results presented here provide a new framework through which Egyptian blue can be studied and inform the design of new materials based on its luminescent property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M. Seymour
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Marco Nicola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Adamantio S.r.l, Torino, Italy
| | - Max I. Kessler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Claire L. Yost
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Bazzacco
- Multispectral Imaging Freelance; Adjunct Professor in Multispectral Analysis, SUSCOR, Università degli Studi di Torino, Venaria Reale (TO), Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Gobetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Admir Masic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Loch P, Martin T, Grüner M, Kaupp G, Schwieger W, Breu J. Synthesis of Large Platelets of Egyptian Blue via Pseudomorphosis after NaRUB‐18. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Loch
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Thomas Martin
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Michael Grüner
- Eckart GmbH, ALTANA AG Günthersthal 4 91235 Velden Germany
| | - Günther Kaupp
- Eckart GmbH, ALTANA AG Günthersthal 4 91235 Velden Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schwieger
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Josef Breu
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
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22
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In-Depth Analysis of Egg-Tempera Paint Layers by Multiphoton Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12093831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The non-invasive depth-resolved imaging of pictorial layers in paintings by means of linear optical techniques represents a challenge in the field of Cultural Heritage (CH). The presence of opaque and/or highly-scattering materials may obstruct the penetration of the radiation probe, thus impeding the visualization of the stratigraphy of paintings. Nonlinear Optical Microscopy (NLOM), which makes use of tightly-focused femtosecond pulsed lasers as illumination sources, is an emerging technique for the analysis of painted objects enabling micrometric three-dimensional (3D) resolution with good penetration capability in semi-transparent materials. In this work, we evaluated the potential of NLOM, specifically in the modality of Multi-Photon Excitation Fluorescence (MPEF), to probe the stratigraphy of egg-tempera mock-up paintings. A multi-analytical non-invasive approach, involving ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) Fiber Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy, Vis-NIR photoluminescence, and Laser Induced Fluorescence, yielded key-information for the characterization of the constituting materials and for the interpretation of the nonlinear results. Furthermore, the use of three nonlinear optical systems allowed evaluation of the response of the analyzed paints to different excitation wavelengths and photon doses, which proved useful for the definition of the most suitable measurement conditions. The micrometric thickness of the paint layers, which was not measurable by means of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), was instead assessed by MPEF, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of this nonlinear modality in probing highly-scattering media, while ensuring the minimal photochemical disturbance to the examined materials.
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23
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Alberghina MF, Germinario C, Bartolozzi G, Bracci S, Grifa C, Izzo F, La Russa MF, Magrini D, Massa E, Mercurio M, Nardo VM, Oddo ME, Pagnotta SM, Pelagotti A, Ponterio RC, Ricci P, Rovella N, Ruffolo SA, Schiavone S, Spagnuolo A, Vetromile C, Zuchtriegel G, Lubritto C. The Tomb of the Diver and the frescoed tombs in Paestum (southern Italy): New insights from a comparative archaeometric study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232375. [PMID: 32330186 PMCID: PMC7182217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tomb of the Diver has been subject for many decades of fierce debate among archaeologists and classicists. Since its discovery in 1968, some scholars have considered it a unique example of the lost tradition of Greek painting, others have emphasized Etruscan or Italic parallels. More recently, a possible local production has been suggested. With the aim of trying to solve the archaeological question, an archaeometric comparison among this well-known artwork and several frescoed tombs coming from Hellenistic and Lucan necropolis was carried out. The multi-analytical study was focused on the identification of peculiar features of executive techniques and raw materials since the first period of the archaeological site. The analytical investigation has been preliminary based on a non-destructive approach, performed in-situ by portable equipment including imaging diagnostics and compositional spectroscopic techniques for identifying pigments and the conservation state of original painted surface; subsequently, a further deepening by using destructive techniques was performed in-lab for the mortar-based supports characterization. Archaeometric study suggested that technological choices slightly changed in a time span of about two centuries, highlighting important markers that allow clustering the contemporary artistic productions. Moreover, a comparison with mortars from temples decorations was provided to better understand the whole artistic context. The archaeometric data showed that the Tomb of the Diver could be traced back to a local artisanal tradition and therefore is neither Etruscan nor Greek, but the first and foremost an expression of the local elite culture of Paestum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Germinario
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bartolozzi
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFAC-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Susanna Bracci
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISPC-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Celestino Grifa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Center of Research on Archaeometry and Conservation Science (CRACS), Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mauro Francesco La Russa
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Donata Magrini
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISPC-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | | | - Mariano Mercurio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Center of Research on Archaeometry and Conservation Science (CRACS), Napoli, Italy
| | - Viviana Mollica Nardo
- Istituto per i processi Chimico Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Emanuela Oddo
- Department of Analysis and Management of Cultural Heritage, Scuola IMT Alti Studi Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Stefano Maria Pagnotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Rosina Celeste Ponterio
- Istituto per i processi Chimico Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Natalia Rovella
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | | | - Antonio Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.,Energreenup srl, Pietramelara (CE), Italy
| | - Carmela Vetromile
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.,Energreenup srl, Pietramelara (CE), Italy
| | | | - Carmine Lubritto
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.,Istituto nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) -Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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24
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Selvaggio G, Chizhik A, Nißler R, Kuhlemann L, Meyer D, Vuong L, Preiß H, Herrmann N, Mann FA, Lv Z, Oswald TA, Spreinat A, Erpenbeck L, Großhans J, Karius V, Janshoff A, Pablo Giraldo J, Kruss S. Exfoliated near infrared fluorescent silicate nanosheets for (bio)photonics. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1495. [PMID: 32198383 PMCID: PMC7083911 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging of complex (biological) samples in the near-infrared (NIR) is beneficial due to reduced light scattering, absorption, phototoxicity, and autofluorescence. However, there are few NIR fluorescent materials known and suitable for biomedical applications. Here we exfoliate the layered pigment CaCuSi4O10 (Egyptian Blue, EB) via ball milling and facile tip sonication into NIR fluorescent nanosheets (EB-NS). The size of EB-NS can be tailored to diameters <20 nm and heights down to 1 nm. EB-NS fluoresce at 910 nm and the fluorescence intensity correlates with the number of Cu2+ ions. Furthermore, EB-NS display no bleaching and high brightness compared with other NIR fluorophores. The versatility of EB-NS is demonstrated by in-vivo single-particle tracking and microrheology measurements in Drosophila melanogaster embryos. EB-NS can be uptaken by plants and remotely detected in a low-cost stand-off detection setup. In summary, EB-NS have the potential for a wide range of bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Selvaggio
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Alexey Chizhik
- Third Institute of Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Robert Nißler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Llyas Kuhlemann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Daniel Meyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Loan Vuong
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Helen Preiß
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Niklas Herrmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Florian A Mann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Zhiyi Lv
- Institute of Developmental Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Tabea A Oswald
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Alexander Spreinat
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Jörg Großhans
- Institute of Developmental Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Volker Karius
- Department of Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, Geoscience Center, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Giraldo
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, 92507, USA
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
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Faieta M, Corradini MG, Di Michele A, Ludescher RD, Pittia P. Effect of Encapsulation Process on Technological Functionality and Stability of Spirulina Platensis Extract. FOOD BIOPHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-019-09602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Controllable synthesis of BaCuSi2O6 fine particles via a one-pot hydrothermal reaction with enhanced violet colour hue. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Abstract
The National Museum of Rome has an important collection of Mithraic sculptures found in the years 1973–1975 during the archaeological excavation under the early Christian basilica of Santo Stefano Rotondo on the Caelian hill in Rome. The sculptures excavated from this Mithraeum show many traces of gilding and polychromy, whose best example is the great bas-relief with Mithras slaying the bull discussed in this work. The analysis was conducted during a scientific campaign in the museum with portable instrumentation of the Institute for Conservation and Valorisation of Cultural Heritage, ICVBC mobile laboratory following a completely non-invasive approach. By means of a protocol based on the use of multispectral imaging, microscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS), this study allowed to better understand the technique used and to make comparisons with other representations of Mithras slaying the bull.
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28
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New Insight into Hellenistic and Roman Cypriot Wall Paintings: An Exploration of Artists’ Materials, Production Technology, and Technical Style. ARTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/arts8020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A recent scientific investigation on Hellenistic and Roman wall paintings of funerary and domestic contexts from Nea (‘New’) Paphos, located in the southwest region of Cyprus, has revealed new information on the paintings’ constituent materials, their production technology and technical style of painting. Nea Paphos, founded in the late 4th century BC, became the capital of the island during the Hellenistic period (294–58 BC) and developed into a thriving economic center that continued through the Roman period (58 BC–330 AD). A systematic, analytical study of ancient Cypriot wall paintings, excavated from the wealthy residences of Nea Paphos and the surrounding necropoleis, combining complementary non-invasive, field-deployable characterization techniques, has expanded the scope of analysis, interpretation and access of these paintings. The results from in situ analyses, combining X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and fiber-optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS), forensic imaging in reflectance and luminescence, and digital photomicrography, were informative on the raw materials selection, application technique(s) and extent of paintings beyond the visible. Data collected through the integration of these techniques were able to: (1) show an intricate and rich palette of pigments consisting of local and foreign natural minerals and synthetic coloring compounds applied pure or in mixtures, in single or multiple layers; (2) identify and map the spatial distribution of Egyptian blue across the surface of the paintings, revealing the extent of imagery and reconstructing iconography that was no longer visible to the naked eye; and (3) visualize and validate the presence of Egyptian blue to delineate facial contours and flesh tone shading. This innovation and technical characteristic in the manner of painting facial outlines and constructing chiaroscuro provides a new insight into the artistic practices, inferring artists/or workshops’ organization in Cyprus during the Roman period.
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Perri A, Nogueira de Faria BE, Ferreira DCT, Comelli D, Valentini G, Preda F, Polli D, de Paula AM, Cerullo G, Manzoni C. Hyperspectral imaging with a TWINS birefringent interferometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:15956-15967. [PMID: 31163784 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.015956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a high-performance hyperspectral camera based on the Fourier-transform approach, where the two delayed images are generated by the Translating-Wedge-Based Identical Pulses eNcoding System (TWINS) [Opt. Lett. 37, 3027 (2012)], a common-path birefringent interferometer that combines compactness, intrinsic interferometric delay precision, long-term stability and insensitivity to vibrations. In our imaging system, TWINS is employed as a time-scanning interferometer and generates high-contrast interferograms at the single-pixel level. The camera exhibits high throughput and provides hyperspectral images with spectral background level of -30dB and resolution of 3 THz in the visible spectral range. We show high-quality spectral measurements of absolute reflectance, fluorescence and transmission of artistic objects with various lateral sizes.
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30
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Gee WJ. Recent Trends Concerning Upconversion Nanoparticles and Near-IR Emissive Lanthanide Materials in the Context of Forensic Applications. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are materials that, upon absorbing multiple photons of low energy (e.g. infrared radiation), subsequently emit a single photon of higher energy, typically within the visible spectrum. The physics of these materials have been the subject of detailed investigations driven by the potential application of these materials as medical imaging devices. One largely overlooked application of UCNPs is forensic science, wherein the ability to produce visible light from infrared light sources would result in a new generation of fingerprint powders that circumvent background interference which can be encountered with visible and ultraviolet light sources. Using lower energy, infrared radiation would simultaneously improve the safety of forensic practitioners who often employ light sources in less than ideal locations. This review article covers the development of UCNPs, the use of infrared radiation to visualise fingerprints by the forensic sciences, and the potential benefits of applying UCNP materials over current approaches.
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31
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Mineral Pigments in Archaeology: Their Analysis and the Range of Available Materials. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8050201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Tamburini D, Martin de Fonjaudran C, Verri G, Accorsi G, Acocella A, Zerbetto F, Rava A, Whittaker S, Saunders D, Cather S. New insights into the composition of Indian yellow and its use in a Rajasthani wall painting. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Arras J, Bräse S. The World Needs New Colors: Cutting Edge Mobility Focusing on Long Persistent Luminescence Materials. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Arras
- Institut für Organische Chemie, KIT-Campus Süd; Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, KIT-Campus Süd; Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institut für Organische Chemie, KIT-Campus Süd; Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik (ITG), KIT-Campus Nord; Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
- Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum für Energiesysteme, KIT-Campus Süd; Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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Yang SS, Yu HX, Wang ZZ, Liu HL, Zhang H, Yu X, Shang W, Chen GQ, Gu ZY. An Exfoliated 2D Egyptian Blue Nanosheet for Highly Selective Enrichment of Multi-phosphorylated Peptides in Mass Spectrometric Analysis. Chemistry 2017; 24:2109-2116. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Shu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hai-Xia Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zi-Zhen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hai-Long Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine; Nanjing University of, Chinese Medicine; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xizhong Yu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine; Nanjing University of, Chinese Medicine; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wenbin Shang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine; Nanjing University of, Chinese Medicine; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Gui-Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center; Nanjing University; 12 Xuefu Avenue Nanjing 210061 China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
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35
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Linn R, Tepper Y, Bar-Oz G. Visible induced luminescence reveals invisible rays shining from Christ in the early Christian wall painting of the Transfiguration in Shivta. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185149. [PMID: 28949982 PMCID: PMC5614614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transfiguration scene depicted in a Byzantine church at Shivta, Israel, is one of two figurative examples of the scene from the early Christian period. The use of Egyptian blue pigment in the wall painting was investigated with various analytical methods. Visible Induced Luminescence (VIL) imaging was used in-situ in order to map the distribution of the Egyptian blue pigment in the painting. The VIL imaging revealed surprising insights into the understanding of the iconography and the technology of this rare painting. Previously undetected elements of the painting include rays of light that were discovered emerging from the body of Christ and illuminating the other figures in the painting. Although this motif is an important part of the Transfiguration narrative and appears in most of its scenes depicted elsewhere, it had not been previously identified in this painting as it was undetectable by any other inspection technique. Another important result is the identification of Egyptian blue as a common blue pigment used at Shivta during the Byzantine period, when it is considered to be very rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravit Linn
- Conservation of Material Culture Heritage Unit, Department of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Yotam Tepper
- Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Guy Bar-Oz
- Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
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36
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Aramburu JA, García-Fernández P, García-Lastra JM, Moreno M. Large Differences in the Optical Spectrum Associated with the Same Complex: The Effect of the Anisotropy of the Embedding Lattice. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8944-8953. [PMID: 28696706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal complexes with a well-defined geometry are usually considered to display almost the same properties independently of the system where they are embedded. Here we show that the above statement is not true depending on the anisotropy of the host lattice, which is revealed in the form of the electric field created by the rest of lattice ions over the complex. To illustrate this concept we analyze the origin of the surprisingly large differences in the d-d optical transitions of two systems containing square-planar CuF42- complexes, CaCuF4, and center II in Cu2+-doped Ba2ZnF6, even though the Cu2+-F-distance difference is just found to be 1%. Using a minimalist first-principles model we show that the different morphology of the host lattices creates an anisotropic field that red-shifts the in vacuo complex transitions to the 1.25-1.70 eV range in CaCuF4, while it blue-shifts them to the 1.70-3.0 eV region in Ba2ZnF6:Cu2+. This particular example shows how the lattice anisotropy strongly alters the optical properties of a given transition-metal complex. This knowledge opens a new path to tune the spectra of this large family of systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Aramburu
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria , Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Fernández
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria , Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Juan María García-Lastra
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark , Fysikvej 309, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Miguel Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria , Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
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37
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Müller BJ, Rappitsch T, Staudinger C, Rüschitz C, Borisov SM, Klimant I. Sodium-Selective Fluoroionophore-Based Optodes for Seawater Salinity Measurement. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7195-7202. [PMID: 28585806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A new fluorescent sensor for Na+ is presented. The sensor relies on a Na+ selective fluoroionophore based on a bright red-emitting BODIPY chromophore. The fluorescence of the fluoroionophore is enhanced upon binding of Na+-ions to the highly selective aza-crown ether receptor due to reduction of the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) quenching. Solid state sensing materials were prepared by physically embedding the fluoroionophore into water-swellable biocompatible polymer matrices (polyurethane hydrogels), thus enabling continuous measurements of aqueous samples. Despite the simple design, the sensor showed no leaching of the indicator and featured fast and reversible response. Among different polyurethane hydrogels investigated, the hydrogel D1 featuring the highest water uptake was found to be the most suitable due to the highest dynamics between "off" and "on" states. Due to little or no cross sensitivity to other ions (e.g., Mg2+, Ca2+, K+) and its insensitivity to potential changes in pH, this sensor is promising for use in clinical diagnostics and for biological and marine applications. Fiber-optic sensors based on referenced read-out with a compact phase fluorimeter were prepared. To demonstrate their practical applicability, the sensors were used to determine the salinity in the seawater and brackish water of the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard J Müller
- Graz University of Technology , Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Rappitsch
- Graz University of Technology , Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Staudinger
- Graz University of Technology , Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Rüschitz
- Graz University of Technology , Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sergey M Borisov
- Graz University of Technology , Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ingo Klimant
- Graz University of Technology , Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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38
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Downham RP, Brewer ER, King RSP, Luscombe AM, Sears VG. Fingermark visualisation on uncirculated £5 (Bank of England) polymer notes: Initial process comparison studies. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 275:30-43. [PMID: 28292656 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a range of fingermark visualisation processes on brand new, uncirculated, £5 polymer banknotes (and their test note predecessors), as produced by the Bank of England (BoE). In the main study of this paper, a total of 14 individual processes were investigated on BoE £5 polymer banknotes, which included both 'Category A' processes (as recommended in the Home Office Fingermark Visualisation Manual) as well as recently developed processes, including fpNatural® 2 powder (cuprorivaite) from Foster+Freeman and a vacuum metal deposition sequence that evaporates silver followed by zinc. Results from this preliminary investigation indicate that fpNatural® 2, multimetal deposition, Wet Powder™ Black, iron oxide powder suspension and black magnetic powder are the most effective processes on these uncirculated £5 BoE polymer banknotes, when viewed under "primary viewing" conditions (white light or fluorescence). Additional fingermarks were visualised on the polymer banknotes following the subsequent use of reflected infrared imaging and lifting techniques, and with the benefit of these techniques taken into consideration, the aforementioned processes remained amongst the most effective overall. This work provides initial insight into fingermark visualisation strategies for BoE £5 polymer banknotes, and the need for further studies in order to generate mature operational guidance is emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory P Downham
- CAST, Woodcock Hill, Sandridge, St. Albans, Herts, AL4 9HQ, UK.
| | - Eleigh R Brewer
- West Technology Systems Ltd, Dalton House, Grest Western Business Park, Armstrong Way, Yate, Bristol, BS37 5NG, UK.
| | - Roberto S P King
- Foster + Freeman, Vale Park, Evesham, Worcestershire, WR11 1TD, UK.
| | | | - Vaughn G Sears
- CAST, Woodcock Hill, Sandridge, St. Albans, Herts, AL4 9HQ, UK.
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NIR-NIR fluorescence: A new genre of fingermark visualisation techniques. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 262:e28-33. [PMID: 27040305 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A preliminary study reveals that finely divided cuprorivaite powder may be used to efficiently develop and subsequently image latent fingermarks across a range of highly patterned, coloured non-porous and semi-porous substrates using near infrared illumination and imaging. Problematic multi-coloured backgrounds provide very little interference under the illumination conditions used, and invoked fluorescence observed, when using this material. This is the first reported example of a NIR-NIR fluorophore for use within latent fingermark visualisation and offers the potential for application at the scene and in the laboratory.
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40
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Visible-induced luminescence imaging: A user-friendly method based on a system of interchangeable and tunable LED light sources. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Brunetti B, Miliani C, Rosi F, Doherty B, Monico L, Romani A, Sgamellotti A. Non-invasive Investigations of Paintings by Portable Instrumentation: The MOLAB Experience. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:10. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-015-0008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Staudinger C, Borisov SM. Long-wavelength analyte-sensitive luminescent probes and optical (bio)sensors. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2015; 3:042005. [PMID: 27134748 PMCID: PMC4849553 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/3/4/042005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Long-wavelength luminescent probes and sensors become increasingly popular. They offer the advantage of lower levels of autofluorescence in most biological probes. Due to high penetration depth and low scattering of red and NIR light such probes potentially enable in vivo measurements in tissues and some of them have already reached a high level of reliability required for such applications. This review focuses on the recent progress in development and application of long-wavelength analyte-sensitive probes which can operate both reversibly and irreversibly. Photophysical properties, sensing mechanisms, advantages and limitations of individual probes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Staudinger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sergey M Borisov
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
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43
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Johnson-McDaniel D, Comer S, Kolis JW, Salguero TT. Hydrothermal Formation of Calcium Copper Tetrasilicate. Chemistry 2015; 21:17560-4. [PMID: 26482329 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe the first hydrothermal synthesis of CaCuSi4 O10 as micron-scale clusters of thin platelets, distinct from morphologies generated under salt-flux or solid-state conditions. The hydrothermal reaction conditions are surprisingly specific: too cold, and instead of CaCuSi4 O10 , a porous calcium copper silicate forms; too hot, and calcium silicate (CaSiO3 ) forms. The precursors also strongly impact the course of the reaction, with the most common side product being sodium copper silicate (Na2 CuSi4 O10 ). Optimized conditions for hydrothermal CaCuSi4 O10 formation from calcium chloride, copper(II) nitrate, sodium silicate, and ammonium hydroxide are 350 °C at 3000 psi for 72 h; at longer reaction times, competitive delamination and exfoliation causes crystal fragmentation. These results illustrate that CaCuSi4 O10 is an even more unique material than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrah Johnson-McDaniel
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Sara Comer
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 219 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, SC 29634 (USA)
| | - Joseph W Kolis
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 219 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, SC 29634 (USA)
| | - Tina T Salguero
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602 (USA).
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44
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Pérez-Arantegui J, Larrea A. Electron backscattering diffraction as a complementary analytical approach to the microstructural characterization of ancient materials by electron microscopy. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Bracci S, Caruso O, Galeotti M, Iannaccone R, Magrini D, Picchi D, Pinna D, Porcinai S. Multidisciplinary approach for the study of an Egyptian coffin (late 22nd/early 25th dynasty): combining imaging and spectroscopic techniques. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 145:511-522. [PMID: 25797226 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates that an educated methodology based on both non-invasive and micro invasive techniques in a two-step approach is a powerful tool to characterize the materials and stratigraphies of an Egyptian coffin, which was restored several times. This coffin, belonging to a certain Mesiset, is now located at the Museo Civico Archeologico of Bologna (inventory number MCABo EG 1963). Scholars attributed it to the late 22nd/early 25th dynasty by stylistic comparison. The first step of the diagnostic approach applied imaging techniques on the whole surface in order to select measurements spots and to unveil both original and restored areas. Images and close microscopic examination of the polychrome surface allowed selecting representative areas to be investigated in situ by portable spectroscopic techniques: X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fiber Optic Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). After the analysis of the results coming from the first step, very few selected samples were taken to clarify the stratigraphy of the polychrome layers. The first step, based on the combination of imaging and spectroscopic techniques in a totally non-invasive modality, is quite unique in the literature on Egyptian coffins and enabled us to reveal many differences in the ground layer's composition and to identify a remarkable number of pigments in the original and restored areas. This work offered also a chance to check the limitations of the non-invasive approach applied on a complex case, namely the right localization of different materials in the stratigraphy and the identification of binding media. Indeed, to dissolve any remaining doubts on superimposed layers belonging to different interventions, it was necessary to sample few micro-fragments in some selected areas and analyze them prepared as cross-sections. The original ground layer is made of calcite, while the restored areas show the presence of either a mixture of calcite and silicates or a gypsum ground, overlapped by lead white. The original pigments were identified as orpiment, cinnabar and red clay, Egyptian blue and green copper based pigments. Some other pigments, such as white lead, Naples yellow, cerulean blue and azurite were only found in the restored areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bracci
- ICVBC-CNR, Institute for Conservation and Valorization of Cultural Heritage, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
| | - O Caruso
- Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Florence, Italy
| | - M Galeotti
- Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Florence, Italy
| | - R Iannaccone
- ICVBC-CNR, Institute for Conservation and Valorization of Cultural Heritage, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
| | - D Magrini
- ICVBC-CNR, Institute for Conservation and Valorization of Cultural Heritage, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
| | - D Picchi
- Museo Civico Archeologico, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Pinna
- Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Florence, Italy; Soprintendenza per i Beni Artistici e Storici, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Porcinai
- Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Florence, Italy
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Accorsi G, Verri G, Acocella A, Zerbetto F, Lerario G, Gigli G, Saunders D, Billinge R. Imaging, photophysical properties and DFT calculations of manganese blue (barium manganate(VI) sulphate)--a modern pigment. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:15297-300. [PMID: 25051118 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01986e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese blue is a synthetic barium manganate(VI) sulphate compound that was produced from 1935 to the 1990s and was used both as a blue pigment in works of art and by conservators in the restoration of paintings. The photophysical properties of the compound are described as well as the setup needed to record the spatial distribution of the pigment in works of art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Accorsi
- Istituto Nanoscienze - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, NNL c/o distretto tecnologico, Lecce, via Arnesano 16, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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47
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García-Fernández P, Moreno M, Aramburu JA. Origin of the exotic blue color of copper-containing historical pigments. Inorg Chem 2014; 54:192-9. [PMID: 25515925 DOI: 10.1021/ic502420j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study of chemical factors that influence pigment coloring is a field of fundamental interest that is still dominated by many uncertainties. In this Article, we investigate, by means of ab initio calculations, the origin of the unusual bright blue color displayed by historical Egyptian Blue (CaCuSi4O10) and Han Blue (BaCuSi4O10) pigments that is surprisingly not found in other compounds like BaCuSi2O6 or CaCuO2 containing the same CuO4(6-) chromophore. We show that the differences in hue between these systems are controlled by a large red-shift (up to 7100 cm(-1)) produced by an electrostatic field created by a lattice over the CuO4(6-) chromophore from the energy of the 3z(2)-r(2) → x(2)-y(2) transition, a nonlocal phenomenon widely ignored in the realm of transition metal chemistry and strongly dependent upon the crystal structure. Along this line, we demonstrate that, although SiO4(4-) units are not involved in the chromophore itself, the introduction of sand to create CaCuSi4O10 plays a key role in obtaining the characteristic hue of the Egyptian Blue pigment. The results presented here demonstrate the opportunity for tuning the properties of a given chromophore by modifying the structure of the insulating lattice where it is located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Fernández
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria , Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
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48
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Time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy and imaging: new approaches to the analysis of cultural heritage and its degradation. SENSORS 2014; 14:6338-55. [PMID: 24699285 PMCID: PMC4029699 DOI: 10.3390/s140406338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Applications of time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy (TRPL) and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) to the analysis of cultural heritage are presented. Examples range from historic wall paintings and stone sculptures to 20th century iconic design objects. A detailed description of the instrumentation developed and employed for analysis in the laboratory or in situ is given. Both instruments rely on a pulsed laser source coupled to a gated detection system, but differ in the type of information they provide. Applications of FLIM to the analysis of model samples and for the in-situ monitoring of works of art range from the analysis of organic materials and pigments in wall paintings, the detection of trace organic substances on stone sculptures, to the mapping of luminescence in late 19th century paintings. TRPL and FLIM are employed as sensors for the detection of the degradation of design objects made in plastic. Applications and avenues for future research are suggested.
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49
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Chen Y, Shang M, Wu X, Feng S. Hydrothermal synthesis, hierarchical structures and properties of blue pigments SrCuSi4O10 and BaCuSi4O10. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce42394h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a green chemistry strategy was developed to synthesize blue pigments SrCuSi4O10 and BaCuSi4O10 with good yield and high purity. SrCuSi4O10 and BaCuSi4O10 exhibit hierarchical structures. Our study shows that hydrothermally synthesized BaCuSi2O6 exhibits interesting broad near-infrared luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Mingyu Shang
- College of Earth Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Shouhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012, PR China
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Borisov SM, Würth C, Resch-Genger U, Klimant I. New life of ancient pigments: application in high-performance optical sensing materials. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9371-7. [PMID: 24000975 DOI: 10.1021/ac402275g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcium, strontium, and barium copper silicates are demonstrated to possess valuable photophysical properties which make them particularly attractive for application in optical chemosensors. Several examples of sensing materials based on these phosphors are provided. Particularly, broad excitation and near-infrared emission makes them ideal candidates for the preparation of ratiometric sensors based on absorption-based indicators. Due to their excellent chemical and photochemical stability and high brightness, these phosphors can serve as reference for fluorescent indicators to enable ratiometric intensity or dually lifetime referenced measurements. Finally, the moderate temperature dependence of the luminescence decay time enables intrinsic temperature compensation of the sensing materials at ambient temperatures. The improved sensitivity at temperatures above 100 °C makes these new materials promising candidates for high-temperature thermographic phosphors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M Borisov
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
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