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de la Rie J, Wang Q, Enache M, Kivala M, Stöhr M. Comparing Adsorption of an Electron-Rich Triphenylene Derivative: Metallic vs Graphitic Surfaces. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:11014-11023. [PMID: 38983597 PMCID: PMC11229062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Crucial to the performance of devices based on organic molecules is an understanding of how the substrate-molecule interface influences both structural and electronic properties of the molecular layers. Within this context we studied the self-assembly of an alkoxy-triphenylene derived electron donor (HAT) in the monolayer regime on graphene/Ni(111). The molecules assembled into a close-packed hexagonal network commensurate with the graphene layer. Despite the commensurate structure, the HAT molecules only had a weak, physisorptive interaction with the substrate as pointed out by the photoelectron spectroscopy data. We discuss these findings in view of our recent reports for HAT adsorbed on Ag(111) and graphene/Ir(111). For all three substrates HAT adopts a similar close-packed hexagonal structure commensurate with the substrate while being physisorbed. The ionization potential is equal for all three substrates, supporting weak molecule-substrate interactions. These findings are remarkable, as commensurate overlayers usually only form at strongly interacting interfaces. We discuss potential reasons for this particular behavior of HAT which clearly sets itself apart from most studied molecule-substrate systems. In particular, these are the relatively weak but flexible intermolecular interactions, the molecular symmetry matching that of the substrate, and the comparatively weak but directional molecule-substrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris de la Rie
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 Groningen, AG, The Netherlands
| | - Qiankun Wang
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 Groningen, AG, The Netherlands
| | - Mihaela Enache
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 Groningen, AG, The Netherlands
| | - Milan Kivala
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 Groningen, AG, The Netherlands
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2
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Zhang KL, Yu WH, Zhao KQ, Hu P, Wang BQ, Donnio B. Mesomorphism Modulation of Perfluorinated Janus Triphenylenes by Inhomogeneous Chain Substitution Patterns. Chem Asian J 2024:e202301080. [PMID: 38214422 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Two isomeric series of compounds with "inverted" chains' substitution patterns, 7,10-dialkoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrafluoro-6,11-dimethoxytriphenylene and 6,11-dialkoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrafluoro-7,10-dimethoxytriphenylene, labelled respectively p-TPFn and m-TPFn, and two non-fluorinated homologous isomers, 3,6-dibutoxy-2,7-dimethoxytriphenylene and 2,7-dibutoxy-3,6-dimethoxytriphenylene, p-TP4 and m-TP4, respectively, were synthesized in three steps and obtained in good yields by the efficient transition-metal-free, fluoroarene nucleophilic substitution via the reaction of appropriate 2,2'-dilithium biphenylenes with either perfluorobenzene, C6 F6 , to yield p-TPFn and m-TPFn, or o-difluorobenzene, C6 H4 F2 , for p-TP4 and m-TP4, respectively. The single-crystal structures of p-TPF4, m-TPF4 and p-TP4, unequivocally confirmed that the cyclization reactions occurred at the expected positions, and that the fluorinated molecules stack up into columns with short separation, a propitious situation for the emergence of columnar mesophases. The mesomorphous properties were found to be greatly affected by both chains' length and positional isomerism: a Colhex phase is found for p-TPF4 and m-TPF4, but mesomorphism vanishes in p-TPF6, and changes for the isomeric homologs m-TPFn, with the induction for n≥6 of a lamello-columnar phase, LamColrec . As expected, both non-fluorinated compounds are deprived of mesomorphism. These compounds emit blue-violet colour in solution, independently of the chains' substitution pattern, and the absolute fluorescence quantum yields can reach up to 46 %. In thin films, fluorescence is slightly redshifted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Wen-Hao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ke-Qing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UMR 7504), F-67034, cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
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3
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Zhou MM, He J, Pan HM, Zeng Q, Lin H, Zhao KQ, Hu P, Wang BQ, Donnio B. Induction and Stabilization of Columnar Mesophases in Fluorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Arene-Perfluoroarene Interactions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301829. [PMID: 37452614 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of several Fluorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by the efficient, transition-metal-free, arene fluorine nucleophilic substitution reaction is described, and the full investigation of their liquid crystalline and optical properties reported. The key precursors for this study, i. e. 2,2'-dilithio-4,4',5,5'-tetraalkoxy-1,1'-biphenyl derivatives, were obtained in two steps from the highly selective Scholl oxidative homo-coupling of 3,4-dialkoxy-1-bromobenzene, followed by quantitative double-lithiation. In situ room temperature nucleophilic annulation with either perfluorobenzene or perfluoronaphthalene leads to 1,2,3,4-tetrafluoro-6,7,10,11-tetraalkxoytriphenylenes and 9,10,11,12,13,14-hexafluoro-2,3,6,7-tetraalkoxybenzo[f]tetraphenes, respectively, in good yields. Exploiting the same strategy, subsequent double annulations resulted in the formation of 9,18-difluoro-2,3,6,7,11,12,15,16-octa(alkoxy)tribenzo[f,k,m]tetraphenes and 9,10,19,20-tetrafluoro-2,3,6,7,12,13,16,17-octakis(hexyloxy)tetrabenzo[a,c,j,l]tetracenes, respectively. Despite the presence of only four alkoxy chains, the polar "Janus" mesogens display a columnar hexagonal mesophase over broad temperature ranges, with higher mesophase stability than the archetypical 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexa(alkoxy)triphenylenes and their hydrogenated counterparts. The improvement or induction of mesomorphism is attributed to efficient antiparallel face-to-face π-stacking driven by the establishment of non-covalent perfluoroarene-arene intermolecular interactions. The larger lipophilic discotic π-extended compounds also exhibit columnar mesomorphism, over similar temperature ranges and stability than their hydrogenated homologs. Finally, these fluorinated molecules form stringy gels in various solvents, and show interesting solvatochromic emission properties in solution as well as strong emission in thin films and gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Mei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui-Min Pan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke-Qing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UMR7504), 67000, Strasbourg, France
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4
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Ślęczkowski P. Spectroscopic and Spectroelectrochemical Studies of Hexapentyloxytriphenylene-A Model Discotic Molecule. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086924. [PMID: 37108088 PMCID: PMC10139095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of the discotic mesogen 2,3,6,7,10,11-pentyloxytriphenylene (H5T) were studied with the use of cyclic voltammetry combined with UV-Vis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in solution. The UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy of H5T in dichloromethane showed its monomeric state in a concentration range up to 10-3 mol dm-3. The reversible process of the electrochemical formation of the radical cation was evidenced within the experimentally accessible potential window. The in situ UV-Vis spectroelectrochemical measurements further enabled identification of the product of the redox process and evaluation of the effect of aggregation in the concentration range of 5 × 10-3 mol dm-3. The results are discussed in the frame of solvent effects on the self-assembly propensity of solute molecules, in a wide range of concentrations. In particular, the crucial role of the solvent polarity is indicated, which contributes to the understanding of solution effects and pre-programming of supramolecular organic materials, in particular anisotropic disc-shaped hexa-substituted triphenylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ślęczkowski
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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5
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S VB, Vadivel M, Singh DP, Raghunathan VA, Roy A, Kumar S. Benzopyrano-Fused Phenanthridine-Based Columnar Mesogens: Synthesis, Self-organization and Charge-Transport Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300227. [PMID: 36856078 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Columnar mesogens constitute a fascinating class of supramolecular nano-architectures owing to the exceptional properties induced by their self-assembling behavior. Extending the π-conjugated core in such systems by incorporating heteroatoms extensively influences their mesomorphic, photophysical properties, etc., presenting them as potential candidates for optoelectronic applications. In the present work, a series of novel nitrogen and oxygen-incorporated chromenonaphthophenanthridine-based elliptical dimers have been synthesized through tandem Pictet-Spengler cyclization followed by ipso-aromatic substitution in one-pot. Mesophase characterization has been carried out by employing POM, DSC, and X-ray diffraction studies. Photophysical properties were investigated using UV-vis and emission spectroscopy. Furthermore, the charge transport properties were analyzed by time-of-flight measurements, and the observed ambipolar mobilities were found to be of the order of 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 . The high solubility, excellent thermal stability, self-organizing properties, and ambipolar charge transport characteristics make them promising candidates for applications in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanishree Bhat S
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Marichandran Vadivel
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Dharmendra Pratap Singh
- UDSMM, Unité de Dynamique et Structure es Matériaux Moléculaires, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4476, Calais, 62228, France
| | - V A Raghunathan
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Arun Roy
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
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6
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de la Rie J, Enache M, Wang Q, Lu W, Kivala M, Stöhr M. Self-Assembly of a Triphenylene-Based Electron Donor Molecule on Graphene: Structural and Electronic Properties. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:9855-9861. [PMID: 35747511 PMCID: PMC9207905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c10266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the self-assembly of the organic electron donor 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexamethoxytriphenylene (HAT) on graphene grown epitaxially on Ir(111). Using scanning tunneling microscopy and low-energy electron diffraction, we find that a monolayer of HAT assembles in a commensurate close-packed hexagonal network on graphene/Ir(111). X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that no charge transfer between the HAT molecules and the graphene/Ir(111) substrate takes place, while the work function decreases slightly. This demonstrates that the HAT/graphene interface is weakly interacting. The fact that the molecules nonetheless form a commensurate network deviates from what is established for adsorption of organic molecules on metallic substrates where commensurate overlayers are mainly observed for strongly interacting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris de la Rie
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Mihaela Enache
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Qiankun Wang
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Wenbo Lu
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Milan Kivala
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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7
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Eichhorn SH, El-Ballouli AO, Cassar A, Kaafarani BR. Columnar Mesomorphism of Board-Shaped Perylene, Diketopyrrolopyrrole, Isoindigo, Indigo, and Quinoxalino-Phenanthrophenazine Dyes. Chempluschem 2021; 86:319-339. [PMID: 33624951 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The properties of organic dyes depend as much on their intermolecular interactions as on their molecular structure. While it is generally predictable what supramolecular structure would be ideal for a specific application, the generation of specific supramolecular structures by molecular design and suitable processing methods remains to be a challenge. A versatile approach to different supramolecular structures has been the application of mesomorphism in conjunction with alignment techniques and self-assembly at interfaces. Reviewed here is the columnar mesomorphism of board-shaped dyes perylene, indigo, isoindigo, diketopyrrolopyrrole, and quinoxalinophenanthrophenazine. They generate a larger number of different supramolecular structures than conventional disc-shaped (discotic) mesogens because of their non-circular shape and directional intermolecular interactions. The mesomorphism of all but the perylene derivatives is systematically and comprehensively covered for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Holger Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - A O El-Ballouli
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam Cassar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Bilal R Kaafarani
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
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8
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Rieth T, Tober N, Limbach D, Haspel T, Sperner M, Schupp N, Wicker P, Glang S, Lehmann M, Detert H. Impact of Substitution Pattern and Chain Length on the Thermotropic Properties of Alkoxy-Substituted Triphenyl-Tristriazolotriazines. Molecules 2020; 25:E5761. [PMID: 33297382 PMCID: PMC7729490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristriazolotriazines (TTTs) with a threefold alkoxyphenyl substitution were prepared and studied by DSC, polarized optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray scattering. Six pentyloxy chains are sufficient to induce liquid-crystalline behavior in these star-shaped compounds. Thermotropic properties of TTTs with varying substitution patterns and a periphery of linear chains of different lengths, branching in the chain and swallow-tails, are compared. Generally, these disks display broad and stable thermotropic mesophases, with the tangential TTT being superior to the radial isomer. The structure-property relationships of the number of alkyl chains, their position, length and structure were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Rieth
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Natalie Tober
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Daniel Limbach
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Tobias Haspel
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Marcel Sperner
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Niklas Schupp
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Philipp Wicker
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Stefan Glang
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heiner Detert
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
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9
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De J, M M AH, Yadav RAK, Gupta SP, Bala I, Chawla P, Kesavan KK, Jou JH, Pal SK. AIE-active mechanoluminescent discotic liquid crystals for applications in OLEDs and bio-imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14279-14282. [PMID: 33125010 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05813k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A multifunctional molecular design of fluorescent discotic liquid crystal (DLC) consisting of a tetraphenylethylene core is reported, which is found to serve as an excellent solid-state emitter in OLED devices with EQE of 4.4% and tunable mechanochromism. X-ray diffraction studies unveiled that change in supramolecular self-assembly is the physical origin of mechanochromism. The luminescent DLC molecule has been shown to act as a highly selective probe for labelling acidic cellular compartments (such as lysosomes) in bio-imaging using HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli 140306, India.
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10
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Bala I, De J, Gupta SP, Singh H, Pandey UK, Pal SK. High hole mobility in room temperature discotic liquid crystalline tetrathienoanthracenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5629-5632. [PMID: 32300763 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tetrathienoanthracene (TTA), a new discotic core fragment, is explored that shows a remarkably high hole mobility (μh) of 4.22 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature when used in space-charge limited current (SCLC) devices. Strong co-facial interactions (π-π, SS) among TTA cores along with a high tendency of the derivative to align homeotropically in the columnar mesophase over a large area in SCLC cells contributed to the top-class charge carrier mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Bala
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | - Joydip De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | | | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | - Upendra Kumar Pandey
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research (ICER), Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore, India and Present Address: Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, India.
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
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11
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De J, Bala I, Gupta SP, Pandey UK, Pal SK. High Hole Mobility and Efficient Ambipolar Charge Transport in Heterocoronene-Based Ordered Columnar Discotics. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18799-18805. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joydip De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Indu Bala
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | | | - Upendra Kumar Pandey
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research (ICER), Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
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12
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Müller K, Schmidt N, Link S, Riedel R, Bock J, Malone W, Lasri K, Kara A, Starke U, Kivala M, Stöhr M. Triphenylene-Derived Electron Acceptors and Donors on Ag(111): Formation of Intermolecular Charge-Transfer Complexes with Common Unoccupied Molecular States. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901741. [PMID: 31264784 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, ultrathin films consisting of electron donating and accepting molecules have attracted increasing attention due to their potential usage in optoelectronic devices. Key parameters for understanding and tuning their performance are intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions. Here, the formation of a monolayer thick blend of triphenylene-based organic donor and acceptor molecules from 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexamethoxytriphenylene (HAT) and 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile (HATCN), respectively, on a silver (111) surface is reported. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, valence and core level photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as low-energy electron diffraction measurements are used, complemented by density functional theory calculations, to investigate both the electronic and structural properties of the homomolecular as well as the intermixed layers. The donor molecules are weakly interacting with the Ag(111) surface, while the acceptor molecules show a strong interaction with the substrate leading to charge transfer and substantial buckling of the top silver layer and of the adsorbates. Upon mixing acceptor and donor molecules, strong hybridization occurs between the two different molecules leading to the emergence of a common unoccupied molecular orbital located at both the donor and acceptor molecules. The donor acceptor blend studied here is, therefore, a compelling candidate for organic electronics based on self-assembled charge-transfer complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Müller
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nico Schmidt
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Link
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - René Riedel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Bock
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut & Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 & 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Malone
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Karima Lasri
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Abdelkader Kara
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Ulrich Starke
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut & Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 & 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, Netherlands
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13
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Wang S, Shang J, Yan C, Wang W, Yuan C, Zhang HL, Shao X. Trichalcogenasumanenes containing various chalcogen atoms: synthesis, structure, properties, and chemical reactivity. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01220b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Trichalcogenasumanenes containing two kinds of chalcogen are synthesized. The majority chalcogen governs the optical properties and the heavier chalcogen governs the chemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Jihai Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Chaoxian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Chengshan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
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14
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Miguel Coello AB, Bardají M, Coco S, Donnio B, Heinrich B, Espinet P. Triphenylene-Imidazolium Salts and Their NHC Metal Complexes, Materials with Segregated Multicolumnar Mesophases. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:4359-4369. [PMID: 29608287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two imidazolium salts containing one or two pentadodecyloxytriphenylene units linked through a hexyloxy chain and Br-, [AuBr mCl4- m]-, or [PtBr mCl4- m]2- ( m = 0-3) as counterion have been prepared. Reaction of the imidazolium bromides with M2O (M = Cu, Ag), or carbene transmetalation from the silver product, leads to N-heterocyclic carbene complexes [MX(NHC)] (M = Cu, X = Br; M = Au, X = Cl, C≡CPh), [Ag(NHC)2][AgBr2], and [PtCl2(NHC)2], with NHC bearing one or two triphenylene fragments. Except for the gold derivatives and one Cu complex, the rest of them behave as liquid crystals organized in columnar mesophases (rectangular c2 mm or p2mg or hexagonal p6mm symmetries) with melting points in the range 30 to 60 °C and clearing points in the range 57-112 °C. The mesophase structures were determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. Structural studies and models point to nanosegregation of triphenylene columns and imidazolium/metal carbene moieties, separated by alkoxy chains, leading to multicolumnar systems. The compounds display emission spectra related to the triphenylene core in solution, in the mesophase, in the isotropic liquid, and in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Miguel Coello
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valladolid , E-47071 Valladolid , Spain
| | - Manuel Bardají
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valladolid , E-47071 Valladolid , Spain
| | - Silverio Coco
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valladolid , E-47071 Valladolid , Spain
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) , UMR 7504 (CNRS-Université de Strasbourg) , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43 , 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) , UMR 7504 (CNRS-Université de Strasbourg) , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43 , 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valladolid , E-47071 Valladolid , Spain
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15
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Kirres J, Schmitt K, Wurzbach I, Giesselmann F, Ludwigs S, Ringenberg M, Ruff A, Baro A, Laschat S. Tuning liquid crystalline phase behaviour in columnar crown ethers by sulfur substituents. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00077d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing side chains in the periphery ofo-terphenyl or triphenylene units of crown ethers induce room-temperature columnar mesophases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Kirres
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Katharina Schmitt
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Iris Wurzbach
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- Institut für Polymerchemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Mark Ringenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Adrian Ruff
- Institut für Polymerchemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
- Analytische Chemie – Elektroanalytik & Sensorik
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
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16
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Zhao KQ, Gao Y, Yu WH, Hu P, Wang BQ, Heinrich B, Donnio B. Discogens Possessing Aryl Side Groups Synthesized by Suzuki Coupling of Triphenylene Triflates and Their Self-Organization Behavior. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science; Sichuan Normal University; 610066, P. R. China Chengdu
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science; Sichuan Normal University; 610066, P. R. China Chengdu
| | - Wen-Hao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science; Sichuan Normal University; 610066, P. R. China Chengdu
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science; Sichuan Normal University; 610066, P. R. China Chengdu
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science; Sichuan Normal University; 610066, P. R. China Chengdu
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS); CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UMR 7504); 23 rue du Loess, BP 43 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS); CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UMR 7504); 23 rue du Loess, BP 43 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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17
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Wöhrle T, Wurzbach I, Kirres J, Kostidou A, Kapernaum N, Litterscheidt J, Haenle JC, Staffeld P, Baro A, Giesselmann F, Laschat S. Discotic Liquid Crystals. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1139-241. [PMID: 26483267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wöhrle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Iris Wurzbach
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Kirres
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Antonia Kostidou
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nadia Kapernaum
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Juri Litterscheidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Christian Haenle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Staffeld
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Reinhard D, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Synthesis of Triphenylene-Based Triptycenes via Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling and Subsequent Scholl Reaction. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9342-8. [PMID: 26315496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A two-step method (Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling, followed by Scholl oxidation) to triphenylene-based triptycenes is described, rendering a variety of π-extended triptycenes accessible in high yields and without the necessity of column chromatography purification. The versatility of this reaction has been demonstrated in the synthesis of a supertriptycene in only four steps and high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Reinhard
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 273, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 273, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 273, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Domoto Y, Busseron E, Maaloum M, Moulin E, Giuseppone N. Control over nanostructures and associated mesomorphic properties of doped self-assembled triarylamine liquid crystals. Chemistry 2014; 21:1938-48. [PMID: 25483214 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a series of triarylamine-cored molecules equipped with an adjacent amide moiety and dendritic peripheral tails in a variety of modes. We show by (1) H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy that their supramolecular self-assembly can be promoted in solution upon light stimulation and radical initiation. In addition, we have probed their molecular arrangements and mesomorphic properties in the bulk by integrated studies on their film state by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), variable-temperature polarizing optical microscopy (VT-POM), variable-temperature X-ray diffraction (VT-XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Differences in the number and the disposition of the peripheral tails significantly affect their mesomorphic properties associated with their lamellar- or columnar-packed nanostructures, which are based on segregated stacks of the triphenylamine cores and the lipophilic/lipophobic periphery. Such structural tuning is of interest for implementation of these soft self-assemblies as electroactive materials from solution to mesophases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Domoto
- SAMS research group University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 (France); Present address: Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo (Japan)
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20
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Grzybowski M, Skonieczny K, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Oxidative aromatische Kupplung und Scholl-Reaktion im Vergleich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201210238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Grzybowski M, Skonieczny K, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Comparison of Oxidative Aromatic Coupling and the Scholl Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9900-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201210238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Yeh MC, Su YL, Tzeng MC, Ong CW, Kajitani T, Enozawa H, Takata M, Koizumi Y, Saeki A, Seki S, Fukushima T. Amphiphilic Design of a Discotic Liquid-Crystalline Molecule for Dipole Manipulation: Hierarchical Columnar Assemblies with a 2D Superlattice Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [PMID: 23184637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Che Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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23
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Yeh MC, Su YL, Tzeng MC, Ong CW, Kajitani T, Enozawa H, Takata M, Koizumi Y, Saeki A, Seki S, Fukushima T. Amphiphilic Design of a Discotic Liquid-Crystalline Molecule for Dipole Manipulation: Hierarchical Columnar Assemblies with a 2D Superlattice Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Zhao K, Zhou H, Yu W, Hu P, Wang B, Monobe H, Shimizu Y. Synthesis of functionalized triphenylene discotic liquid crystals and the influence of unsaturated periphery on mesomorphism. Sci China Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-011-4325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Ahmida M, Larocque R, Ahmed MS, Vacaru A, Donnio B, Guillon D, Eichhorn SH. Halide effect in electron rich and deficient discotic phthalocyanines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b917169j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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