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Jonas H, Aiello D, Schepmann D, Diana P, Wünsch B. Synthesis of 8-aminomorphans with high KOR affinity. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114079. [PMID: 35033825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes (morphans) with a (3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetyl group at 2-position and a pyrrolidino moiety at 8-position were designed as conformationally restricted analogs of piperidine-based KOR agonists. The synthesis started with 4-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylic acid comprising 13 reaction steps. At first the ketone 10 was transformed into diester 7 bearing a propionate side chain. Dieckmann condensation of diester 7 to afford bicyclic enolester 14 and subsequent Krapcho deethoxycarbonylation represent the key steps of the synthesis. The enantiomeric pyrrolidines (1S,5R,8R)-5a and (1R,5S,8S)-5a were separated by chiral HPLC. The eutomer (1S,5R,8R)-5a showed high KOR affinity (Ki = 18 nM) and selectivity over MOR, DOR and σ2 receptors. It was concluded that the dihedral angle of the KOR pharmacophore N(pyrrolididine)-C-C-N(acyl) of (1S,5R,8R)-5a (68°) is close to the bioactive conformation of the flexible KOR agonist 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Jonas
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, I-90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Aiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, I-90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, I-90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
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Ilari D, Maskri S, Schepmann D, Köhler J, Daniliuc CG, Koch O, Wünsch B. Diastereoselective synthesis of conformationally restricted KOR agonists. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4082-4099. [PMID: 33978027 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00398d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to analyze the bioactive conformation of flexible KOR agonists the ethylenediamine KOR pharmacophore was conformationally constrained by incorporation into a bicyclic system. For this purpose, 2-azabicyclo[3.2.1.]octan-7-amines were designed, synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated. The primary amine 14 as first key intermediate was prepared in a six-step synthesis starting with methyl cyclopent-3-enecarboxylate 9. Whereas phenylacetamides failed to provide bicyclic compounds, the intramolecular nucleophilic substitution of the sulfonamide 25 was initiated by deprotonation with NaH affording the bicyclic compound 26 in 72% yield. The three-step introduction of the pharmacophoric pyrrolidine ring started with nucleophilic substitution of exo-configured tosylate 26 with NaN3, which unexpectedly occurred under retention of configuration leading to exo-configured azide 31. The final KOR agonists 35 and 36 with exo-configured amino moieties were obtained by removal of the N-tosyl moiety of 33 and introduction of the second pharmacophoric element by acylation with dihalophenylacetyl chlorides. The KOR affinity of the pyrrolidine 35a is in the high nanomolar range (Ki = 862 nM). The low KOR affinity is explained by a non-appropriate dihedral angle of 137°/141° of the N(pyrrolidine)-C-C-N(acyl) system. As observed for stereoisomers of potent KOR agonists, phenylacetamide 35a and more importantly sulfonamides 33a and 33b show moderate affinity at σ1 receptors (Ki = 109-208 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Ilari
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany. and Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Maskri
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany. and GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany. and GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Köhler
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Koch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany. and GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany. and Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany and GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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3
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Tangherlini G, Börgel F, Schepmann D, Slocum S, Che T, Wagner S, Schwegmann K, Hermann S, Mykicki N, Loser K, Wünsch B. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Fluorinated Quinoxaline-Based κ-Opioid Receptor (KOR) Agonists Designed for PET Studies. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1834-1853. [PMID: 33448685 PMCID: PMC7589326 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
κ-Opioid receptors (KORs) play a predominant role in pain alleviation, itching skin diseases, depression and neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Therefore, imaging of KOR by a fluorinated PET tracer was envisaged. Two strategies were followed to introduce a F atom into the very potent class of cis,trans-configured perhydroquinoxalines. Whereas the synthesis of fluoroethyltriazole 2 has already been reported, fluoropyrrolidines 14 (1-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetyl]-8-[(R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl]-perhydroquinoxalines) were prepared by SN2 substitution of a cyclic sulfuric acid derivative with hydroxypyrrolidine and subsequent transformation of the OH moiety into a F substituent. Fluoropyrrolidines 14 showed similar low-nanomolar KOR affinity and selectivity to the corresponding pyrrolidines, but the corresponding alcohols were slightly less active. In the cAMP and β-arrestin assay, 14b (proton at the 4-position) exhibited similar KOR agonistic activity as U-50,488. The fluoro derivatives 14b and 14c (CO2CH3 at the 4-position) revealed KOR-mediated anti-inflammatory activity as CD11c and the IFN-γ production were reduced significantly in mouse and human dendritic cells. Compounds 14b and 14-c also displayed anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity in mouse and human T cells. The PET tracer [18F]-2 was prepared by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. In vivo, [18F]-2 did not label KOR due to very fast elimination kinetics. Nucleophilic substitution of a mesylate precursor provided [18F]-14c. Unfortunately, defluorination of [18F]-14c occurred in vivo, which was analyzed in detail by in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tangherlini
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster48149MünsterGermany
| | - Frederik Börgel
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Samuel Slocum
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of MedicineChapel HillNC 27599USA
| | - Tao Che
- Department of AnesthesiologyWashington University School of Medicine660 S. Euclid Ave.St. LouisMO 63110USA
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital MünsterAlbert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A148149MünsterGermany
| | - Katrin Schwegmann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI)University of MünsterWaldeyerstraße 1548149MünsterGermany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI)University of MünsterWaldeyerstraße 1548149MünsterGermany
| | - Nadine Mykicki
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Münstervon-Esmarch-Str. 5848149MünsterGermany
| | - Karin Loser
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster48149MünsterGermany
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Münstervon-Esmarch-Str. 5848149MünsterGermany
- CRC1009 Breaking Barriers and CRC-TR 128 Multiple SclerosisUniversity of Münstervon-Esmarch-Str. 5848149MünsterGermany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster48149MünsterGermany
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4
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Martin B, Schepmann D, Bernal FA, Schmidt TJ, Che T, Loser K, Wünsch B. Enantiomerically Pure Quinoline-Based κ-Opioid Receptor Agonists: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1408-1420. [PMID: 32492288 PMCID: PMC7496650 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Racemic K -opioid receptor (KOR) agonist 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-[(4aRS,8SR,8aSR)-8-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl]ethan-1-one ((±)-4) was prepared in a diastereoselective synthesis. The first key step of the synthesis was the diastereoselective hydrogenation of the silyl ether of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoin-8-ol ((±)-9) to afford cis,cis-configured perhydroquinoline derivative (±)-10. Removal of the TBDMS protecting group led to a β-aminoalcohol that reacted with SO2 Cl2 to form an oxathiazolidine. Nucleophilic substitution with pyrrolidine resulted in the desired cis,trans-configured perhydroquinoline upon inversion of the configuration. In order to obtain enantiomerically pure KOR agonists 4 (99.8 % ee) and ent-4 (99.0 % ee), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-8-ols (R)-8 (99.1 % ee) and (S)-8 (98.4 % ee) were resolved by an enantioselective acetylation catalyzed by Amano lipase PS-IM. The absolute configuration was determined by CD spectroscopy. The 4aR,8S,8aS-configured enantiomer 4 showed sub-nanomolar KOR affinity (Ki =0.81 nM), which is more than 200 times higher than the KOR affinity of its enantiomer ent-4. In the cAMP assay and the Tango β-arrestin-2 recruitment assay, 4 behaved as a KOR agonist. Upon incubation of human macrophages, human dendritic cells, and mouse myeloid immune cells with 4, the number of cells expressing co-stimulatory receptor CD86 and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α was significantly reduced; this indicates the strong anti-inflammatory activity of 4. The anti-inflammatory effects correlated well with the KOR affinity: (4aR,8S,8aS)-4 was slightly more potent than the racemic mixture (±)-4, and the distomer ent-4 was almost inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Martin
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Freddy A. Bernal
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Phytochemie der Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Thomas J. Schmidt
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Phytochemie der Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Tao Che
- Department of AnesthesiologyWashington University School of Medicine660 S. Euclid Ave.St. LouisMO 63110USA
| | - Karin Loser
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Münstervon-Esmarch-Street 5848149MünsterGermany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster48149MünsterGermany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster48149MünsterGermany
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5
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Gao D, Penno C, Wünsch B. Rigid Scaffolds: Synthesis of 2,6-Bridged Piperazines with Functional Groups in all three Bridges. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:874-889. [PMID: 32884883 PMCID: PMC7450790 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of pharmacologically active compounds can be increased by presenting a drug in a defined conformation, which fits exactly into the binding pocket of its target. Herein, the piperazine scaffold was conformationally restricted by substituted C2- or C3-bridges across the 2- and 6-position. At first, a three-step, one-pot procedure was developed to obtain reproducibly piperazine-2,6-diones with various substituents at the N-atoms in high yields. Three strategies for bridging of piperazine-2,6-diones were pursued: 1. The bicyclic mixed ketals 8-benzyl-6-ethoxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6-(trimethylsilyloxy)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-diones were prepared by Dieckmann analogous cyclization of 2-(3,5-dioxopiperazin-2-yl)acetates. 2. Stepwise allylation, hydroboration and oxidation of piperazine-2,6-diones led to 3-(3,5-dioxopiperazin-2-yl)propionaldehydes. Whereas reaction of such an aldehyde with base provided the bicyclic alcohol 9-benzyl-6-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3,9-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4-dione in only 10 % yield, the corresponding sulfinylimines reacted with base to give N-(2,4-dioxo-3,9-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-6-yl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamides in >66 % yield. 3. Transformation of a piperazine-2,6-dione with 1,4-dibromobut-2-ene and 3-halo-2-halomethylprop-1-enes provided 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione and 3,9-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4-dione with a vinyl group at the C2- or a methylene group at the C3-bridge, respectively. Since bridging via sulfinylimines and the one-pot bridging with 3-bromo-2-bromomethylprop-1-ene gave promising yields, these strategies will be exploited for the synthesis of novel receptor ligands bearing various substituents in a defined orientation at the carbon bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Gao
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der WestfälischenWilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Christian Penno
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der WestfälischenWilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der WestfälischenWilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster48149MünsterGermany
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Kronenberg E, Weber F, Brune S, Schepmann D, Almansa C, Friedland K, Laurini E, Pricl S, Wünsch B. Synthesis and Structure-Affinity Relationships of Spirocyclic Benzopyrans with Exocyclic Amino Moiety. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4204-4217. [PMID: 30939014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
σ1 and/or σ2 receptors play a crucial role in pathological conditions such as pain, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. A set of spirocyclic cyclohexanes with diverse O-heterocycles and amino moieties (general structure III) was prepared and pharmacologically evaluated. In structure-activity relationships studies, the σ1 receptor affinity and σ1:σ2 selectivity were correlated with the stereochemistry, the kind and substitution pattern of the O-heterocycle, and the substituents at the exocyclic amino moiety. cis-configured 2-benzopyran cis-11b bearing a methoxy group and a tertiary cyclohexylmethylamino moiety showed the highest σ1 affinity ( Ki = 1.9 nM) of this series of compounds. In a Ca2+ influx assay, cis-11b behaved as a σ1 antagonist. cis-11b reveals high selectivity over σ2 and opioid receptors. The interactions of the novel σ1 ligands were analyzed on the molecular level using the recently reported X-ray crystal structure of the σ1 receptor protein. The protonated amino moiety forms a persistent salt bridge with E172. The spiro[benzopyran-1,1'-cyclohexane] scaffold and the cyclohexylmethyl moiety occupy two hydrophobic pockets. Exchange of the N-cyclohexylmethyl moiety by a benzyl group led unexpectedly to potent and selective μ-opioid receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kronenberg
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Frauke Weber
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Stefanie Brune
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Carmen Almansa
- Esteve Pharmaceuticals S.A. , Baldiri Reixach 4-8 , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie , Universität Mainz , Staudinger Weg 5 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA , University of Trieste , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA , University of Trieste , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
- Cells-in-motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM) , University of Münster , D-48149 Münster , Germany
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Tangherlini G, Kalinin DV, Schepmann D, Che T, Mykicki N, Ständer S, Loser K, Wünsch B. Development of Novel Quinoxaline-Based κ-Opioid Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Neuroinflammation. J Med Chem 2018; 62:893-907. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tangherlini
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dmitrii V. Kalinin
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tao Che
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nadine Mykicki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, von-Esmarch-Street 58, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- CRC1009 Breaking Barriers and CRC-TR 128 Multiple Sclerosis, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Ständer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, von-Esmarch-Street 58, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Karin Loser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, von-Esmarch-Street 58, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- CRC1009 Breaking Barriers and CRC-TR 128 Multiple Sclerosis, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003—CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003—CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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8
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Wittig C, Schepmann D, Soeberdt M, Daniliuc CG, Wünsch B. Stereoselective synthesis of conformationally restricted KOR agonists based on the 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane scaffold. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:6520-6540. [PMID: 28745376 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01530e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been postulated that the KOR affinity depends on the dihedral angle of the ethylenediamine pharmacophore. Herein, 2,5-diazabicyclooctanes bearing a pyrrolidino moiety in the 7-position were envisaged to study KOR agonists with a conformationally rigid ethylenediamine pharmacophore and thus a defined N(pyrrolidine)-C7-C1-N2 dihedral angle. The first approach with an intramolecular addition at the chiral sulfinylimines 9 failed to give bicyclic products. The key step in the second approach was a Dieckmann analogous cyclization providing mixed methyl silyl ketals 11a-e as key intermediates. The highest KOR affinity was found for the 2,5-dibenzyl substituted derivatives (S,R,S)-16a (Ki = 31 nM) and (R,S,R)-16a (Ki = 74 nM) with the pyrrolidine ring oriented towards N-5. The high KOR affinity of (S,R,S)-16a is unexpected, since the KOR pharmacophoric ethylenediamine system adopts a dihedral angle of about 160°, which is quite different from the angle of the energetically most favored conformer of the flexible and potent KOR agonist 2. (S,R,S)-16a represents a KOR agonist with moderate selectivity over MOR (8-fold) and DOR (5-fold), but high selectivity over both σ receptor subtypes. In the [35S]GTPγS assay (S,R,S)-16a reacted as a full KOR agonist with an EC50 value of 240 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wittig
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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9
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Soeberdt M, Molenveld P, Storcken RPM, Bouzanne des Mazery R, Sterk GJ, Autar R, Bolster MG, Wagner C, Aerts SNH, van Holst FR, Wegert A, Tangherlini G, Frehland B, Schepmann D, Metze D, Lotts T, Knie U, Lin KY, Huang TY, Lai CC, Ständer S, Wünsch B, Abels C. Design and Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Decahydroquinoxalines as Potent and Selective κ-Opioid Receptor Agonists with Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Vivo. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2526-2551. [PMID: 28218838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop novel κ agonists restricted to the periphery, a diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of (4aR,5S,8aS)-configured decahydroquinoxalines 5-8 was developed. Physicochemical and pharmacological properties were fine-tuned by structural modifications in the arylacetamide and amine part of the pharmacophore as well as in the amine part outside the pharmacophore. The decahydroquinoxalines 5-8 show single-digit nanomolar to subnanomolar κ-opioid receptor affinity, full κ agonistic activity in the [35S]GTPγS assay, and high selectivity over μ, δ, σ1, and σ2 receptors as well as the PCP binding site of the NMDA receptor. Several analogues were selective for the periphery. The anti-inflammatory activity of 5-8 after topical application was investigated in two mouse models of dermatitis. The methanesulfonamide 8a containing the (S)-configured hydroxypyrrolidine ring was identified as a potent (Ki = 0.63 nM) and highly selective κ agonist (EC50 = 1.8 nM) selective for the periphery with dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Soeberdt
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel , Sudbrackstraße 56, D-33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Peter Molenveld
- Mercachem , Kerkenbos 1013, NL-6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy P M Storcken
- Mercachem , Kerkenbos 1013, NL-6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Geert Jan Sterk
- Mercachem , Kerkenbos 1013, NL-6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Reshma Autar
- Mercachem , Kerkenbos 1013, NL-6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon G Bolster
- Mercachem , Kerkenbos 1013, NL-6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens Wagner
- Mercachem , Kerkenbos 1013, NL-6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Anita Wegert
- Mercachem , Kerkenbos 1013, NL-6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Tangherlini
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Correnstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), Universität Münster , D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Frehland
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Correnstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Correnstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), Universität Münster , D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dieter Metze
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikium Münster , Von-Esmarch-Straße 58, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Lotts
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikium Münster , Von-Esmarch-Straße 58, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Kompetenzzentrum chronischer Pruritus (KCP), Universitätsklinikium Münster , Von-Esmarch-Straße 58, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Knie
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel , Sudbrackstraße 56, D-33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kun-Yuan Lin
- Eurofins Panlabs Taiwan, Ltd. , 158 Li-Teh Road, Peitou, Taipei 11259, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yu Huang
- Eurofins Panlabs Taiwan, Ltd. , 158 Li-Teh Road, Peitou, Taipei 11259, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Lai
- Eurofins Panlabs Taiwan, Ltd. , 158 Li-Teh Road, Peitou, Taipei 11259, Taiwan
| | - Sonja Ständer
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikium Münster , Von-Esmarch-Straße 58, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Kompetenzzentrum chronischer Pruritus (KCP), Universitätsklinikium Münster , Von-Esmarch-Straße 58, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster , Correnstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), Universität Münster , D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Abels
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel , Sudbrackstraße 56, D-33611 Bielefeld, Germany
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10
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Wenker Y, Soeberdt M, Daniliuc C, Ständer S, Schepmann D, Wünsch B. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of conformationally restricted κ-opioid receptor agonists. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00441e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Additional N- and O-atoms in the bicyclic scaffold increase polarity and allow fine tuning of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of novel κ agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Wenker
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Michael Soeberdt
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel
- D-33611 Bielefeld
- Germany
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Sonja Ständer
- Center for Chronic Pruritus and Department of Dermatology
- University Hospital Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM)
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
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11
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Molenveld P, Bouzanne des Mazery R, Sterk GJ, Storcken RPM, Autar R, van Oss B, van der Haas RNS, Fröhlich R, Schepmann D, Wünsch B, Soeberdt M. Conformationally restricted κ-opioid receptor agonists: Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of diastereoisomeric and enantiomeric decahydroquinoxalines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5326-30. [PMID: 26411794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
All diastereoisomeric decahydroquinoxalines representing conformationally restricted analogs of κ agonists U-50,488 and GR-89,696 have been prepared. Cis/trans configured compound 7 is by far the highest binding diastereoisomer with a Ki of 0.35 nM. Racemates 4, 6, and 7 were separated into enantiomers. (+)-(4aR,5S,8aS)-Configured enantiomer 7b was identified as a high affinity (Ki=0.25 nM) κ ligand with high selectivity over μ and δ receptors. It acts as full agonist with an EC50 value of 2.0 nM in the [(35)S]GTPγS assay, while enantiomer 7a showed an EC50 value of 1000 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Molenveld
- Mercachem, Kerkenbos 1013, NL-6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Geert Jan Sterk
- Mercachem, Kerkenbos 1013, NL-6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Reshma Autar
- Mercachem, Kerkenbos 1013, NL-6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van Oss
- Mercachem, Kerkenbos 1013, NL-6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Soeberdt
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel, Sudbrackstraße 56, D-33611 Bielefeld, Germany.
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12
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Fröhlich J, Lehmkuhl K, Fröhlich R, Wünsch B. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cyclic Five-Membered trans,trans-Configured Nitrodiols by Double Henry Reaction of 1,4-Dialdehydes. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:589-94. [PMID: 26010372 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Conformationally constrained perhydroquinoxalines 4 show high κ receptor affinity, selectivity over related receptors and full agonistic activity. Since the κ affinity can be correlated with the dihedral angle of the ethylenediamine pharmacophore (4a: 55°/71°), the dihedral angles of the postulated cyclopentane derivative 5a (73°/84°) and indane derivative 6a (77°/81°) were calculated. The first step of the synthesis represents a double Henry reaction of 1,4-dialdehydes 8 and 10 with nitromethane, leading predominantly to the trans,trans-configured nitrodiols 9 and 11. X-ray crystal structure analyses of 9 and 11 led to dihedral angles O2 N−C−C−OH of 73.4 and 88.3°, respectively, which reflect the calculated dihedral angles of the hypothesized final products 5a and 6a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Fröhlich
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kirstin Lehmkuhl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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13
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Bourgeois C, Werfel E, Galla F, Lehmkuhl K, Torres-Gómez H, Schepmann D, Kögel B, Christoph T, Straßburger W, Englberger W, Soeberdt M, Hüwel S, Galla HJ, Wünsch B. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 5-pyrrolidinylquinoxalines as a novel class of peripherally restricted κ-opioid receptor agonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6845-60. [PMID: 25062506 DOI: 10.1021/jm500940q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
5-Pyrrolidinyl substituted perhydroquinoxalines were designed as conformationally restricted κ-opioid receptor agonists restricted to the periphery. The additional N atom of the quinoxaline system located outside the ethylenediamine κ pharmacophore allows the fine-tuning of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. The perhydroquinoxalines were synthesized stereoselectively using the concept of late stage diversification of the central building blocks 14. In addition to high κ-opioid receptor affinity they demonstrate high selectivity over μ, δ, σ1, σ2, and NMDA receptors. In the [35S]GTPγS assay full agonism was observed. Because of their high polarity, the secondary amines 14a (log D7.4=0.26) and 14b (log D7.4=0.21) did not penetrate an artificial blood-brain barrier. 14b was able to inhibit the spontaneous pain reaction after rectal mustard oil application to mice (ED50=2.35 mg/kg). This analgesic effect is attributed to activation of peripherally located κ receptors, since 14b did not affect centrally mediated referred allodynia and hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bourgeois
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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14
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Bourgeois C, Werfel E, Schepmann D, Wünsch B. Combination of cyclohexane and piperazine based κ-opioid receptor agonists: Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of trans,trans-configured perhydroquinoxalines. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3316-24. [PMID: 24856182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Desymmetrization of the pseudochiral (2r)-configured cyclohexane-1,2,3-triamines 8 with dimethyl oxalate led to racemic aminoquinoxaline-2,3-diones 9. Selective introduction of the κ pharmacophoric structural elements pyrrolidine and 3,4-dichlorophenylacetamide with a two-carbon distance afforded conformationally restricted κ agonists 13-15 based on the quinoxaline ring system. In competitive radioligand receptor binding studies the benzylamine 13b, the secondary amine 14b, and the carbamate 15 displayed high κ receptor affinity. The Ki value of the lead compound derived methoxycarbonyl derivative 15 is 9.7nM. However, the κ affinity of 15 is exceeded by 13b and 14b with a basic functional group instead of the methoxycarbonyl group in 1-position of the quinoxaline system. The chlorine atoms of the dichlorophenylacetyl residue are essential, since the corresponding phenylacetyl analogs show considerably reduced κ affinity. The potent κ ligands 13b, 14b and 15 are selective over the related μ- and δ-opioid receptors, σ1, σ2 and NMDA receptors. In the [(35)S]GTPγS-binding assay 13b behaved as partial agonist with lower activity than U-69,593.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bourgeois
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Elena Werfel
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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15
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Ketterer C, Wünsch B. Lipase-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of 2-Phenylethanol Derivatives and Chiral Oxa-Pictet-Spengler Reaction as the Key Steps in the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Tricyclic Amines. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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A DFT and semiempirical model-based study of opioid receptor affinity and selectivity in a group of molecules with a morphine structural core. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:682495. [PMID: 25379287 PMCID: PMC4207423 DOI: 10.1155/2012/682495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of a search for model-based relationships between mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptor binding affinity and molecular structure for a group of molecules having in common a morphine structural core. The wave functions and local reactivity indices were obtained at the ZINDO/1 and B3LYP/6-31G∗∗ levels of theory for comparison. New developments in the expression for the drug-receptor interaction energy expression allowed several local atomic reactivity indices to be included, such as local electronic chemical potential, local hardness, and local electrophilicity. These indices, together with a new proposal for the ordering of the independent variables, were incorporated in the statistical study. We found and discussed several statistically significant relationships for mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptor binding affinity at both levels of theory. Some of the new local reactivity indices incorporated in the theory appear in several equations for the first time in the history of model-based equations. Interaction pharmacophores were generated for mu, delta, and kappa receptors. We discuss possible differences regulating binding and selectivity in opioid receptor subtypes. This study, contrarily to the statistically backed ones, is able to provide a microscopic insight of the mechanisms involved in the binding process.
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17
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-third consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2010 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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18
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Sunnam SK, Rack E, Schepmann D, Wünsch B. Synthesis of 7,9-diazabicyclo[4.2.2]decanes as conformationally restricted κ receptor agonists: Fine tuning of the dihedral angle of the ethylenediamine pharmacophore. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1972-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Maestrup EG, Wiese C, Schepmann D, Brust P, Wünsch B. Synthesis, pharmacological activity and structure affinity relationships of spirocyclic σ(1) receptor ligands with a (2-fluoroethyl) residue in 3-position. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:393-405. [PMID: 21126878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop a fluorinated radiotracer for imaging of σ(1) receptors in the central nervous system a series of (2-fluoroethyl) substituted spirocyclic piperidines 3 has been prepared. In the key step of the synthesis 2-bromocinnamaldehyde acetal 5 was added to piperidones 6 with various substituents at the N-atom. Unexpectedly, this reaction led to 2-benzoxepines 8, which were contracted with acid to afford the spirocyclic 2-benzofuranacetaldehydes 9. The best yields were obtained, when the transformations up to the alcohols 10 were performed without isolation of intermediates. Generally the (2-fluoroethyl) derivatives 3 have higher σ(1) affinity and σ(1)/σ(2) selectivity than the corresponding (3-fluoropropyl) derivatives 2. The most promising candidate for the development as radiotracer is the (2-fluoroethyl) derivative 3a (WMS-1828, fluspidine, 1'-benzyl-3-(2-fluoroethyl)-3H-spiro[[2]benzofuran-1,4'-piperidine]), which shows subnanomolar σ(1) affinity (K(i)=0.59nM) and excellent selectivity over the σ(2) subtype (1331-fold) as well as some other receptor systems. The novel synthetic strategy also allows the systematic pharmacological evaluation of intermediate alcohols 10. Despite their high σ(1) affinity (K(i)=6-32nM) and selectivity the alcohols 10 are 10-30-fold less potent than the bioisosteric fluoro derivatives 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Grosse Maestrup
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Hittorfstraße 58-62, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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20
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Frankowski KJ, Ghosh P, Setola V, Tran TB, Roth BL, Aubé J. N-Alkyl-octahydroisoquinolin-1-one-8-carboxamides: a Novel Class of Selective, Nonbasic, Nitrogen-Containing κ-Opioid Receptor Ligands. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:189-193. [PMID: 20729985 DOI: 10.1021/ml100040t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report that N-alkyl-octahydroisoquinolin-1-one-8-carboxamides are a novel class of readily-synthesized, selective ϰ-opioid receptor (KOR) ligands. A striking feature of this class of compounds is the absence of any basic nitrogen atoms. Many of these compounds have demonstrated exclusive affinity for the KOR over not only the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) and the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), but 38 other GPCR targets as well. The general binding affinity of this class of compounds for the KOR combined with a streamlined route for analog synthesis provide strong motivation for pursuing this interesting new scaffold as a basis toward new probes targeting the KOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Frankowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2121 Simons Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Partha Ghosh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2121 Simons Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Vincent Setola
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine and NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program CB 7365, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 4072 Genetic Medicine Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Thuy B. Tran
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine and NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program CB 7365, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 4072 Genetic Medicine Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine and NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program CB 7365, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 4072 Genetic Medicine Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2121 Simons Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
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21
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Sunnam SK, Schepmann D, Wibbeling B, Wünsch B. Bicyclic sigma receptor ligands by stereoselective Dieckmann analogous cyclization of piperazinebutyrate. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3715-22. [PMID: 20556273 DOI: 10.1039/c003878d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Starting from racemic 2-aminoadipic acid (6) the piperazinedione 10 with a butyrate side chain was synthesized in four reaction steps. The four-carbon bridge was established upon deprotonation of 10 with LHMDS and subsequent trapping of the lithium alcoholate with Me(3)SiCl to give diastereoselectively the mixed methyl silyl ketal 12 in 94% yield. The relative configuration of the new center of chirality was determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis of 12. The high diastereoselectivity during the conversion of the butyrate 10 into the mixed methyl silyl ketal 12 supports the formation of the lithium alcoholate 11 as central intermediate. Stereoselective reduction of the ketone 13 with LiBH(4) led to the alcohol 14, which was benzylated and reduced to provide the final bicyclic products 16 and 17. Whereas the alcohol 16 shows only moderate affinity to both sigma receptor subtypes, the benzyl ether 17 represents a potent and selective sigma(1) receptor ligand (K(i) = 47 nM). Comparison of the sigma receptor affinities of 16 and 17 with the smaller homologues 5a and 5c clearly indicates that the size of the bridge and the O-substituent determines subtype selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Sunnam
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Hittorfstrasse 58-62, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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