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Lionetti D, Suseno S, Shiau AA, de Ruiter G, Agapie T. Redox Processes Involving Oxygen: The Surprising Influence of Redox-Inactive Lewis Acids. JACS AU 2024; 4:344-368. [PMID: 38425928 PMCID: PMC10900226 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes with heteromultimetallic active sites perform chemical reactions that control several biogeochemical cycles. Transformations catalyzed by such enzymes include dioxygen generation and reduction, dinitrogen reduction, and carbon dioxide reduction-instrumental transformations for progress in the context of artificial photosynthesis and sustainable fertilizer production. While the roles of the respective metals are of interest in all these enzymatic transformations, they share a common factor in the transfer of one or multiple redox equivalents. In light of this feature, it is surprising to find that incorporation of redox-inactive metals into the active site of such an enzyme is critical to its function. To illustrate, the presence of a redox-inactive Ca2+ center is crucial in the Oxygen Evolving Complex, and yet particularly intriguing given that the transformation catalyzed by this cluster is a redox process involving four electrons. Therefore, the effects of redox inactive metals on redox processes-electron transfer, oxygen- and hydrogen-atom transfer, and O-O bond cleavage and formation reactions-mediated by transition metals have been studied extensively. Significant effects of redox inactive metals have been observed on these redox transformations; linear free energy correlations between Lewis acidity and the redox properties of synthetic model complexes are observed for several reactions. In this Perspective, these effects and their relevance to multielectron processes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandy Suseno
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Angela A. Shiau
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Graham de Ruiter
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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2
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Singha A, Mittra K, Dey A. Synthetic heme dioxygen adducts: electronic structure and reactivity. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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3
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Senft L, Moore JL, Franke A, Fisher KR, Scheitler A, Zahl A, Puchta R, Fehn D, Ison S, Sader S, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Goldsmith CR. Quinol-containing ligands enable high superoxide dismutase activity by modulating coordination number, charge, oxidation states and stability of manganese complexes throughout redox cycling. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10483-10500. [PMID: 34447541 PMCID: PMC8356818 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02465e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivity assays previously suggested that two quinol-containing MRI contrast agent sensors for H2O2, [Mn(H2qp1)(MeCN)]2+ and [Mn(H4qp2)Br2], could also catalytically degrade superoxide. Subsequently, [Zn(H2qp1)(OTf)]+ was found to use the redox activity of the H2qp1 ligand to catalyze the conversion of O2˙− to O2 and H2O2, raising the possibility that the organic ligand, rather than the metal, could serve as the redox partner for O2˙− in the manganese chemistry. Here, we use stopped-flow kinetics and cryospray-ionization mass spectrometry (CSI-MS) analysis of the direct reactions between the manganese-containing contrast agents and O2˙− to confirm the activity and elucidate the catalytic mechanism. The obtained data are consistent with the operation of multiple parallel catalytic cycles, with both the quinol groups and manganese cycling through different oxidation states during the reactions with superoxide. The choice of ligand impacts the overall charges of the intermediates and allows us to visualize complementary sets of intermediates within the catalytic cycles using CSI-MS. With the diquinolic H4qp2, we detect Mn(iii)-superoxo intermediates with both reduced and oxidized forms of the ligand, a Mn(iii)-hydroperoxo compound, and what is formally a Mn(iv)-oxo species with the monoquinolate/mono-para-quinone form of H4qp2. With the monoquinolic H2qp1, we observe a Mn(ii)-superoxo ↔ Mn(iii)-peroxo intermediate with the oxidized para-quinone form of the ligand. The observation of these species suggests inner-sphere mechanisms for O2˙− oxidation and reduction that include both the ligand and manganese as redox partners. The higher positive charges of the complexes with the reduced and oxidized forms of H2qp1 compared to those with related forms of H4qp2 result in higher catalytic activity (kcat ∼ 108 M−1 s−1 at pH 7.4) that rivals those of the most active superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics. The manganese complex with H2qp1 is markedly more stable in water than other highly active non-porphyrin-based and even some Mn(ii) porphyrin-based SOD mimics. Manganese complexes with polydentate quinol-containing ligands are found to catalyze the degradation of superoxide through inner-sphere mechanisms. The redox activity of the ligand stabilizes higher-valent manganese species.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Senft
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Butenandtstr. 5-13 D 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Jamonica L Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Alicja Franke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Butenandtstr. 5-13 D 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Katherine R Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Butenandtstr. 5-13 D 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Andreas Scheitler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Achim Zahl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ralph Puchta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sidney Ison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Safaa Sader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
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4
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Amanullah S, Saha P, Dey A. O2 Reduction by Iron Porphyrins with Electron Withdrawing Groups: To Scale or not to Scale. Faraday Discuss 2021; 234:143-158. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00076d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron porphyrins are synthesized by systematically introducing electron withdrawing groups (EWGs) on pyrroles to evaluate the relationship between rate (k) and overpotential (η). The results indicate that while EWGs lead...
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5
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Weak O 2 binding and strong H 2O 2 binding at the non-heme diiron center of trypanosome alternative oxidase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148356. [PMID: 33385341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) catalyzes the four-electron reduction of dioxygen to water as an additional terminal oxidase, and the catalytic reaction is critical for the parasite to survive in its bloodstream form. Recently, the X-ray crystal structure of trypanosome alternative oxidase (TAO) complexed with ferulenol was reported and the molecular structure of the non-heme diiron center was determined. The binding of O2 was a unique side-on type compared to other iron proteins. In order to characterize the O2 binding state of TAO, the O2 binding states were searched at a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) theoretical level in the present study. We found that the most stable O2 binding state is the end-on type, and the binding states of the side-on type are higher in energy. Based on the binding energies and electronic structure analyses, O2 binds very weakly to the TAO iron center (ΔE =6.7 kcal mol-1) in the electronic state of Fe(II)…OO, not in the suggested charge transferred state such as the superoxide state (Fe(III)OO· -) as seen in hemerythrin. Coordination of other ligands such as water, Cl-, CN-, CO, N3- and H2O2 was also examined, and H2O2 was found to bind most strongly to the Fe(II) site by ΔE = 14.0 kcal mol-1. This was confirmed experimentally through the measurement of ubiquinol oxidase activity of TAO and Cryptosporidium parvum AOX which was found to be inhibited by H2O2 in a dose-dependent and reversible manner.
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6
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Hwang JY, Ji AY, Lee SH, Kang EJ. Redox-Selective Iron Catalysis for α-Amino C-H Bond Functionalization via Aerobic Oxidation. Org Lett 2019; 22:16-21. [PMID: 31651180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Single-electron oxidation and α-deprotonation of tertiary anilines using Fe(phen)3(PF6)3 afford α-aminoalkyl radicals, which can be coupled with electrophilic partners to afford various tetrahydroquinolines. Mechanistically, the Fe(phen)n2+/3+ catalytic cycle is maintained by O2 or a TBHP oxidant, and the presence of the oxygen bound iron complex, Fe(III)-OO(H), was elucidated by electron paramagnetic resonance and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. This redox-selective nonheme iron catalyst behaves similarly to bioinspired heme iron catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Young Hwang
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Kyung Hee University , Yongin 17104 , Korea
| | - A Young Ji
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Kyung Hee University , Yongin 17104 , Korea
| | - Sang Hyeok Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Kyung Hee University , Yongin 17104 , Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Kyung Hee University , Yongin 17104 , Korea
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7
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Adam SM, Wijeratne GB, Rogler PJ, Diaz DE, Quist DA, Liu JJ, Karlin KD. Synthetic Fe/Cu Complexes: Toward Understanding Heme-Copper Oxidase Structure and Function. Chem Rev 2018; 118:10840-11022. [PMID: 30372042 PMCID: PMC6360144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heme-copper oxidases (HCOs) are terminal enzymes on the mitochondrial or bacterial respiratory electron transport chain, which utilize a unique heterobinuclear active site to catalyze the 4H+/4e- reduction of dioxygen to water. This process involves a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) from a tyrosine (phenolic) residue and additional redox events coupled to transmembrane proton pumping and ATP synthesis. Given that HCOs are large, complex, membrane-bound enzymes, bioinspired synthetic model chemistry is a promising approach to better understand heme-Cu-mediated dioxygen reduction, including the details of proton and electron movements. This review encompasses important aspects of heme-O2 and copper-O2 (bio)chemistries as they relate to the design and interpretation of small molecule model systems and provides perspectives from fundamental coordination chemistry, which can be applied to the understanding of HCO activity. We focus on recent advancements from studies of heme-Cu models, evaluating experimental and computational results, which highlight important fundamental structure-function relationships. Finally, we provide an outlook for future potential contributions from synthetic inorganic chemistry and discuss their implications with relevance to biological O2-reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Adam
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Gayan B. Wijeratne
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Patrick J. Rogler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Daniel E. Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David A. Quist
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kenneth D. Karlin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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8
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Superoxide dismutase activity enabled by a redox-active ligand rather than metal. Nat Chem 2018; 10:1207-1212. [PMID: 30275506 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are integral to many physiological processes. Although their roles are still being elucidated, they seem to be linked to a variety of disorders and may represent promising drug targets. Mimics of superoxide dismutases, which catalyse the decomposition of O2•- to H2O2 and O2, have traditionally used redox-active metals, which are toxic outside of a tightly coordinating ligand. Purely organic antioxidants have also been investigated but generally require stoichiometric, rather than catalytic, doses. Here, we show that a complex of the redox-inactive metal zinc(II) with a hexadentate ligand containing a redox-active quinol can catalytically degrade superoxide, as demonstrated by both reactivity assays and stopped-flow kinetics studies of direct reactions with O2•- and the zinc(II) complex. The observed superoxide dismutase catalysis has an important advantage over previously reported work in that it is hastened, rather than impeded, by the presence of phosphate, the concentration of which is high under physiological conditions.
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9
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Bae SH, Lee Y, Fukuzumi S, Nam W. Fine Control of the Redox Reactivity of a Nonheme Iron(III)–Peroxo Complex by Binding Redox‐Inactive Metal Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:801-805. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hee Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Yong‐Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, SENTAN (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST) Meijo University Nagoya Aichi 468-8502 Japan
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
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10
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Bae SH, Lee Y, Fukuzumi S, Nam W. Fine Control of the Redox Reactivity of a Nonheme Iron(III)–Peroxo Complex by Binding Redox‐Inactive Metal Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hee Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Yong‐Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, SENTAN (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST) Meijo University Nagoya Aichi 468-8502 Japan
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
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11
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Ohta T, Liu JG, Nagaraju P, Ogura T, Naruta Y. A cryo-generated ferrous-superoxo porphyrin: EPR, resonance Raman and DFT studies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:12407-10. [PMID: 26144219 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03520a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The resonance Raman analysis of cryo-generated ferrous-superoxy heme has been performed for the first time, and its structure and the reaction mechanism are rationalized by DFT calculations. The presence of another electronic tautomer of ferrous-superoxy heme is predicted computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Ohta
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
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12
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Hitzenberger JF, Dammann C, Lang N, Lungerich D, García-Iglesias M, Bottari G, Torres T, Jux N, Drewello T. Making the invisible visible: improved electrospray ion formation of metalloporphyrins/-phthalocyanines by attachment of the formate anion (HCOO(-)). Analyst 2016; 141:1347-55. [PMID: 26753183 DOI: 10.1039/c5an02148k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A protocol is developed for the coordination of the formate anion (HCOO(-)) to neutral metalloporphyrins (Pors) and -phthalocyanines (Pcs) containing divalent metals as a means to improve their ion formation in electrospray ionization (ESI). This method is particularly useful when the oxidation of the neutral metallomacrocycle fails. While focusing on Zn(II)Pors and Zn(II)Pcs, we show that formate is also readily attached to Mn(II), Mg(II) and Co(II)Pcs. However, for the Co(II)Pc secondary reactions can be observed. Upon collision-induced dissociation (CID), Zn(II)Por/Pc·formate supramolecular complexes can undergo the loss of CO2 in combination with transfer of a hydride anion (H(-)) to the zinc metal center. Further dissociation leads to electron transfer and hydrogen atom loss, generating a route to the radical anion of the Zn(II)Por/Pc without the need for electrochemical reduction, although the Zn(II)Por/Pc may have a too low electron affinity to allow electron transfer directly from the formate anion. In addition to single Por molecules, multi Por arrays were successfully analyzed by this method. In this case, multiple addition of formate occurs, giving rise to multiply charged species. In these multi Por arrays, complexation of the formate anion occurs by two surrounding Por units (sandwich). Therefore, the maximum attainment of formate anions in these arrays corresponds to the number of such sandwich complexes rather than the number of porphyrin moieties. The same bonding motif leads to dimers of the composition [(Zn(II)Por/Pc)2·HCOO](-). In these, the formate anion can act as a structural probe, allowing the distinction of isomeric ions with the formate bridging two macrocycles or being attached to a dimer of directly connected macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Felix Hitzenberger
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Claudia Dammann
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Nina Lang
- Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Miguel García-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Giovanni Bottari
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. and IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. and IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Norbert Jux
- Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Kellner ID, Hahn U, Dürr M, Torres T, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Drewello T. Aggregation of a Crown Ether Decorated Zinc–Phthalocyanine by Collision-Induced Desolvation of Electrospray Droplets. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11454-60. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ina D. Kellner
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Hahn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maximilian Dürr
- Bioinorganic Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia, c/Faraday, 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- Bioinorganic Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Dees A, Jux N, Tröppner O, Dürr K, Lippert R, Schmid M, Küstner B, Schlücker S, Steinrück HP, Gottfried JM, Ivanović-Burmazović I. Reactions of Superoxide with Iron Porphyrins in the Bulk and the Near-Surface Region of Ionic Liquids. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:6862-72. [PMID: 26158848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The redox reaction of superoxide (KO2) with highly charged iron porphyrins (Fe(P4+), Fe(P8+), and Fe(P8-)) has been investigated in the ionic liquids (IL) [EMIM][Tf2N] (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) and [EMIM][B(CN)4] (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate) by using time-resolved UV/vis stopped-flow, electrochemistry, cryospray mass spectrometry, EPR, and XPS measurements. Stable KO2 solutions in [EMIM][Tf2N] can be prepared up to a 15 mM concentration and are characterized by a signal in EPR spectrum at g = 2.0039 and by the 1215 cm(-1) stretching vibration in the resonance Raman spectrum. While the negatively charged iron porphyrin Fe(P8-) does not react with superoxide in IL, Fe(P4+) and Fe(P8+) do react in a two-step process (first a reduction of the Fe(III) to the Fe(II) form, followed by the binding of superoxide to Fe(II)). In the reaction with KO2, Fe(P4+) and Fe(P8+) show similar rate constants (e.g., in the case of Fe(P4+): k1 = 18.6 ± 0.5 M(-1) s(-1) for the first reaction step, and k2 = 2.8 ± 0.1 M(-1) s(-1) for the second reaction step). Notably, these rate constants are four to five orders of magnitude lower in [EMIM][Tf2N] than in conventional solvents such as DMSO. The influence of the ionic liquid is also apparent during electrochemical experiments, where the redox potentials for the corresponding Fe(III)/Fe(II) couples are much more negative in [EMIM][Tf2N] than in DMSO. This modified redox and kinetic behavior of the positively charged iron porphyrins results from their interactions with the anions of the ionic liquid, while the nucleophilicity of the superoxide is reduced by its interactions with the cations of the ionic liquid. A negligible vapor pressure of [EMIM][B(CN)4] and a sufficient enrichment of Fe(P8+) in a close proximity to the surface enabled XPS measurements as a case study for monitoring direct changes in the electronic structure of the metal centers during redox processes in solution and at liquid/solid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Dees
- †Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- †Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Tröppner
- †Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Dürr
- †Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Lippert
- †Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Schmid
- ‡Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Küstner
- §Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- §Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- †Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Michael Gottfried
- †Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,‡Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- †Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Schroeder MA, Kumar N, Pearse AJ, Liu C, Lee SB, Rubloff GW, Leung K, Noked M. DMSO-Li2O2 Interface in the Rechargeable Li-O2 Battery Cathode: Theoretical and Experimental Perspectives on Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:11402-11411. [PMID: 25945948 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest obstacles for the realization of the nonaqueous Li-O2 battery is finding a solvent that is chemically and electrochemically stable under cell operating conditions. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an attractive candidate for rechargeable Li-O2 battery studies; however, there is still significant controversy regarding its stability on the Li-O2 cathode surface. We performed multiple experiments (in situ XPS, FTIR, Raman, and XRD) which assess the stability of the DMSO-Li2O2 interface and report perspectives on previously published studies. Our electrochemical experiments show long-term stable cycling of a DMSO-based operating Li-O2 cell with a platinum@carbon nanotube core-shell cathode fabricated via atomic layer deposition, specifically with >45 cycles of 40 h of discharge per cycle. This work is complemented by density functional theory calculations of DMSO degradation pathways on Li2O2. Both experimental and theoretical evidence strongly suggests that DMSO is chemically and electrochemically stable on the surface of Li2O2 under the reported operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall A Schroeder
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Nitin Kumar
- §Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alexander J Pearse
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chanyuan Liu
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Sang Bok Lee
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gary W Rubloff
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Kevin Leung
- §Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Malachi Noked
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Ansari A, Jayapal P, Rajaraman G. CH Bond Activation by Metal-Superoxo Species: Magnetic Coupling Correlated to High Reactivity in Metal-Superoxo species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:564-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ansari A, Jayapal P, Rajaraman G. CH Bond Activation by Metal-Superoxo Species: What Drives High Reactivity? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Troeppner O, Lippert R, Shubina TE, Zahl A, Jux N, Ivanović-Burmazović I. Reverse Spin-Crossover and High-Pressure Kinetics of the Heme Iron Center Relevant for the Operation of Heme Proteins under Deep-Sea Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11452-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Troeppner O, Lippert R, Shubina TE, Zahl A, Jux N, Ivanović-Burmazović I. Reverse Spin-Crossover and High-Pressure Kinetics of the Heme Iron Center Relevant for the Operation of Heme Proteins under Deep-Sea Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ohta T, Liu JG, Naruta Y. Resonance Raman characterization of mononuclear heme-peroxo intermediate models. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Revisiting the head–head dinuclear 1-methyluracil complex of cisplatin: New insights into its solution behavior. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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McDonald AR, Van Heuvelen KM, Guo Y, Li F, Bominaar EL, Münck E, Que L. Characterization of a thiolato iron(III) Peroxy dianion complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9132-6. [PMID: 22888066 PMCID: PMC3448492 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic oxidant: The reaction between a thiolato iron(II) complex 1 and superoxide in aprotic solvent at -90 °C yields a novel thiolato iron(III) peroxide intermediate 2, which exhibits unusually high nucleophilic reactivity. Compound 2 is an isomer of the thiolato iron(II) superoxide intermediate that is invoked in the reaction between superoxide reductase and superoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan R. McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Katherine M. Van Heuvelen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Emile L. Bominaar
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Eckard Münck
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lawrence Que
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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McDonald AR, Van Heuvelen KM, Guo Y, Li F, Bominaar EL, Münck E, Que L. Characterization of a Thiolato Iron(III) Peroxy Dianion Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Latifi R, Tahsini L, Nam W, de Visser SP. Regioselectivity of aliphatic versus aromatic hydroxylation by a nonheme iron(ii)-superoxo complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:2518-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23352e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Duerr K, Troeppner O, Olah J, Li J, Zahl A, Drewello T, Jux N, Harvey JN, Ivanović-Burmazović I. Solution behavior of iron(III) and iron(II) porphyrins in DMSO and reaction with superoxide. Effect of neighboring positive charge on thermodynamics, kinetics and nature of iron-(su)peroxo product. Dalton Trans 2011; 41:546-57. [PMID: 22045167 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solution behavior of iron(III) and iron(II) complexes of 5(4),10(4),15(4),20(4)-tetra-tert-butyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (H(2)tBuTPP) and the reaction with superoxide (KO(2)) in DMSO have been studied in detail. Applying temperature and pressure dependent NMR studies, the thermodynamics of the low-spin/high-spin equilibrium between bis- and mono-DMSO Fe(II) forms have been quantified (K(DMSO) = 0.082 ± 0.002 at 298.2 K, ΔH° = +36 ± 1 kJ mol(-1), ΔS° = +101 ± 4 J K(-1) mol(-1), ΔV° = +16 ± 2 cm(3) mol(-1)). This is a key activation step for substitution and inner-sphere electron transfer. The superoxide binding constant to the iron(II) form of the studied porphyrin complex was found to be (9 ± 0.5) × 10(3) M(-1), and does not change significantly in the presence of the externally added crown ether in DMSO (11 ± 4) × 10(3) M(-1). The rate constants for the superoxide binding (k(on) = (1.30 ± 0.01) × 10(5) M(-1) s(-1)) and release (k(off) = 11.6 ± 0.7 s(-1)) are not affected by the presence of the external crown ether in solution. The resulting iron(II)-superoxide adduct has been characterized (mass spectrometry, EPR, high-pressure UV/Vis spectroscopy) and upon controlled addition of a proton source it regenerates the starting iron(II) complex. Based on DFT calculations, the reaction product without neighboring positive charge has iron(II)-superoxo character in both high-spin side-on and low-spin end-on forms. The results are compared to those obtained for the analogous complex with covalently attached crown ether, and more general conclusions regarding the spin-state equilibrium of iron(II) porphyrins, their reaction with superoxide and the electronic structure of the product species are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Duerr
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Dürr K, Jux N, Zahl A, van Eldik R, Ivanović-Burmazović I. Volume Profile Analysis for the Reversible Binding of Superoxide to Form Iron(II)-Superoxo/Iron(III)-Peroxo Porphyrin Complexes. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:11254-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ic102092h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dürr
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Achim Zahl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rudi van Eldik
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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