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Crystallographic mining of ASK1 regulators to unravel the intricate PPI interfaces for the discovery of small molecule. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3734-3754. [PMID: 35891784 PMCID: PMC9294202 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein seldom performs biological activities in isolation. Understanding the protein–protein interactions’ physical rewiring in response to pathological conditions or pathogen infection can help advance our comprehension of disease etiology, progression, and pathogenesis, which allow us to explore the alternate route to control the regulation of key target interactions, timely and effectively. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is now a global public health problem exacerbated due to the lack of appropriate treatments. The most advanced anti-NASH lead compound (selonsertib) is withdrawn, though it is able to inhibit its target Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) completely, indicating the necessity to explore alternate routes rather than complete inhibition. Understanding the interaction fingerprints of endogenous regulators at the molecular level that underpin disease formation and progression may spur the rationale of designing therapeutic strategies. Based on our analysis and thorough literature survey of the various key regulators and PTMs, the current review emphasizes PPI-based drug discovery’s relevance for NASH conditions. The lack of structural detail (interface sites) of ASK1 and its regulators makes it challenging to characterize the PPI interfaces. This review summarizes key regulators interaction fingerprinting of ASK1, which can be explored further to restore the homeostasis from its hyperactive states for therapeutics intervention against NASH.
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Key Words
- ASK1
- ASK1, Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- CFLAR, CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator
- CREG, Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes
- DKK3, Dickkopf-related protein 3
- Interaction fingerprint
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH
- NASH, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- PPI, Protein-protein interaction
- PTM, Post-trancriptional modification
- PTMs
- Protein-protein interaction
- TNFAIP3, TNF Alpha Induced Protein 3
- TRAF2/6, Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor2/6
- TRIM48, Tripartite Motif Containing 48
- TRX, Thioredoxin
- USP9X, Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 9 X-Linked
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Aldosari Z, Abbasian N, Robinson K, Bevington A, Watson E. Low pH up-regulates interleukin-6 mRNA in L6-G8C5 rat skeletal muscle cells independent of pH sensing by SNAT2(SLC38A2) transporters. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:138-152. [PMID: 35141477 PMCID: PMC8814557 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is known to create a transient, but potent increase in skeletal muscle expression of potentially anti-inflammatory myokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). This effect may be clinically important in managing chronic inflammatory states. It has previously been proposed that lactic acidosis following exercise promotes this IL-6 up-regulation, but the mechanism of this acidosis effect is unknown. Rat skeletal muscle cell line L6-G8C5 has been used previously to model metabolic effects of acidosis, sensing low pH through the resulting inhibition of amino acid transporter SNAT2(SLC38A2). Use of ionophore ionomycin to model the rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration occurring in contracting muscle strongly up-regulates IL-6 mRNA in L6-G8C5 myotubes. This study used this model to test the hypothesis that low extracellular pH (7.1) enhances ionomycin-induced IL-6 mRNA up-regulation by inhibiting SNAT2. Incubation of L6-G8C5 myotubes for 6 h with 0.5 µM ionomycin at control pH (7.4) resulted in a 15-fold increase in IL-6 mRNA which was further enhanced (1.74-fold) at pH 7.1. In contrast low pH had no significant effect on IL-6 mRNA without ionomycin, nor on the IL-6 mRNA increase that was induced by cyclic stretch. Even though pH 7.1 halved the transport activity of SNAT2, alternative methods of SNAT2 inhibition (JNK inhibitor SP600125; SNAT2 antagonist MeAIB; or SNAT2 silencing with siRNA) did not mimic the enhancing effect of low pH on IL-6 mRNA. On the contrary, JNK inhibition blunted the effect of pH 7.1 with ionomycin, but had no effect at pH 7.4. It is concluded that low pH promotes Ca2+/ionomycin-induced up-regulation of IL-6 mRNA through a novel SNAT2-independent JNK-dependent pH-sensing pathway not previously described in this skeletal muscle model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad Aldosari
- Department of Respiratory SciencesUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
- Department of Medical Laboratories SciencesCollege of Applied Medical Sciences in AlquwayiyahShaqra UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Nima Abbasian
- School of Life and Medical SciencesUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldUK
| | | | - Alan Bevington
- Department of Respiratory SciencesUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Emma Watson
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
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Park J, An G, Lim W, Song G. Aclonifen induces bovine mammary gland epithelial cell death by disrupting calcium homeostasis and inducing ROS production. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 181:105011. [PMID: 35082034 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides play key roles in agriculture. Aclonifen is a diphenyl ether herbicide that is widely used for sunflower, potato, corn, and wheat crops. Since it has a long half-life, it is considered persistent and can easily accumulate in the environment. Therefore, livestock and humans are at risk of exposure to aclonifen. Importantly, aclonifen is toxic to several mammals such as rats, mice, and dogs. However, the toxicity of aclonifen in cattle remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to investigate its toxicity in cattle using bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (MAC-T). We found that aclonifen induces sub-G1 phase arrest and represses MAC-T proliferation. In addition, aclonifen caused mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by excessive ROS production and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium homeostases were disrupted after aclonifen treatment. Moreover, aclonifen treatment caused alterations in the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways, which are involved in the regulation of cell survival and death. In conclusion, aclonifen causes MAC-T cell death through mitochondrial dysfunction and the collapse of calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam An
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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SHIRAI M, NIINO N, MORI K, KAI K. Microarray-based gene expression analysis combined with laser capture microdissection is beneficial in investigating the modes of action of ocular toxicity. J Toxicol Pathol 2021; 35:171-182. [PMID: 35516843 PMCID: PMC9018402 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2021-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina consists of several layers, and drugs can affect the retina and choroid
separately. Therefore, investigating the target layers of toxicity can provide useful
information pertaining to its modes of action. Herein, we compared gene expression
profiles obtained via microarray analyses using samples of target layers collected via
laser capture microdissection and samples of the whole globe of the eye of rats treated
with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Pathway analyses suggested
changes in the different pathways between the laser capture microdissection samples and
the whole globe samples. Consistent with the histological distribution of glial cells,
upregulation of several inflammation-related pathways was noted only in the whole globe
samples. Individual gene expression analyses revealed several gene expression changes in
the laser capture microdissection samples, such as caspase- and glycolysis-related gene
expression changes, which is similar to previous reports regarding
N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-treated animals; however,
caspase- and glycolysis-related gene expressions did not change or changed unexpectedly in
the whole globe samples. Analyses of the laser capture microdissection samples revealed
new potential candidate genes involved in the modes of action of
N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced retinal toxicity.
Collectively, our results suggest that specific retinal layers, which may be targeted by
specific toxins, are beneficial in identifying genes responsible for drug-induced ocular
toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto SHIRAI
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-0081, Japan
| | - Noriyo NIINO
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-0081, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko MORI
- Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Kiyonori KAI
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-0081, Japan
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Yu-Wei D, Li ZS, Xiong SM, Huang G, Luo YF, Huo TY, Zhou MH, Zheng YW. Paclitaxel induces apoptosis through the TAK1-JNK activation pathway. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1655-1667. [PMID: 32594651 PMCID: PMC7396445 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) has previously been used to treat tumours of various tissue origins, such as lung, breast, ovarian, prostate cancers and leukemia. PTX‐induced apoptosis is associated with p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase or stress‐activated protein kinase (JNK/ SAPK) pathways. Transforming growth factor‐beta‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and TAK1‐binding protein 1 (TAB1) play an important role in cell apoptosis through the p38, ERK, NF‐κB and JNK signal transduction pathways. To investigate the role of TAK1 in PTX‐induced cell apoptosis, we treated HEK293 and 8305C cells with 0–20 µm PTX for 6, 12 or 24 h. To investigate whether TAK1 can cooperate with PTX for cancer treatment, we transfected cells with TAK1, TAB1 or control plasmid and treated them with PTX (3–10 µm) for 9–24 h. Apoptosis rates were analysed by flow cytometry (Annexin V/PI). Endogenous TAK1 and TAB1, caspase‐7 cleavage, poly ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, Bcl‐xL level, phospho‐p44/42, phospho‐JNK and phospho‐p38 were detected by western blot. We show that in HEK293 and 8305C cells, PTX enhanced the endogenous TAK1/TAB1 level and induced cell apoptosis in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Upon TAK1 overexpression in HEK293 cells treated with PTX, apoptosis rate, JNK phosphorylation and PARP cleavage increased contrary to heat‐shocked or untreated cells. CRISPR editing of the tak1 gene upon PTX treatment resulted in lower phospho‐JNK and PARP cleavage levels than in cells transfected with the control or the TAK1‐ or TAB1 + TAK1‐containing plasmids. TAK1‐K63A could not induce JNK phosphorylation or PARP cleavage. We conclude that PTX induces HEK293 and 8305C cell apoptosis through the TAK1–JNK activation pathway, potentially highlighting TAK1’s role in chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yu-Wei
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Sheng Li
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Min Xiong
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Huang
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Fei Luo
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tie-Ying Huo
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mao-Hua Zhou
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - You-Wei Zheng
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Park H, Song G, Lim W. Ivermectin-induced programmed cell death and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential in bovine mammary gland epithelial cells. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 163:84-93. [PMID: 31973874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM) is a commercially well-known antiparasitic agent derived from the natural fermentation product avermectin. Originally used as a veterinary drug, IVM has been studied for its pharmacokinetic advantages, such as anticancer, antimigration, and antiproliferative effects, using several cell types. In the present study, we verified that IVM suppressed bovine mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation and induced the arrest of the cell cycle from the sub-G1 to the G2/M phase in these cells. Due to IVM treatment, the homeostasis of calcium ions, which play a crucial role in intracellular metabolism, deteriorated, leading to the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). To underpin these results, further studies using inhibitors of Ca2+ signaling were performed; combination treatment with IVM and these factors, including 2-APB, BAPTA-AM, or ruthenium red, inhibited the IVM-induced MMP disruption. Furthermore, following IVM treatment, the relationships among various cell signaling mediators were altered, and the balance between diverse cellular processes associated with cell survival or death was disturbed. In conclusion, we assessed the anti-survival effects of IVM on mammary gland epithelial cells; IVM may impede normal lactation in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahyun Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea..
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7
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Oliveira MA, Heimfarth L, Passos FRS, Miguel-Dos-Santos R, Mingori MR, Moreira JCF, Lauton SS, Barreto RSS, Araújo AAS, Oliveira AP, Oliveira JT, Baptista AF, Martinez AMB, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Quintans JSS. Naringenin complexed with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin improves the sciatic nerve regeneration through inhibition of p75 NTR and JNK pathway. Life Sci 2020; 241:117102. [PMID: 31790691 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries are common conditions that often lead to dysfunctions. Although much knowledge exists on the several factors that mediate the complex biological process involved in peripheral nerve regeneration, there is a lack of effective treatments that ensure full functional recovery. Naringenin (NA) is the most abundant flavanone found in citrus fruits and it has promising neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study aimed to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration using an inclusion complex containing NA and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), named NA/HPβCD. A mouse sciatic nerve crush model was used to evaluate the effects of NA/HPβCD on nerve regeneration. Sensory and motor parameters, hyperalgesic behavior and the sciatic functional index (SFI), respectively, improved with NA treatment. Western blot analysis revealed that the levels of p75NTR ICD and p75NTR full length as well phospho-JNK/total JNK ratios were preserved by NA treatment. In addition, NA treatment was able to decrease levels of caspase 3. The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β were decreased in the lumbar spine, on the other hand there was an increase in IL-10. NA/HPβCD presented a better overall morphological profile but it was not able to increase the number of myelinated fibers. Thus, NA was able to enhance nerve regeneration, and NA/HPβCD decreased effective drug doses while maintaining the effect of the pure drug, demonstrating the advantage of using the complex over the pure compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlange A Oliveira
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000 lBrazil
| | - Luana Heimfarth
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000 lBrazil
| | - Fabiolla Rocha Santos Passos
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000 lBrazil
| | - Rodrigo Miguel-Dos-Santos
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000 lBrazil
| | - Moara R Mingori
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio F Moreira
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra S Lauton
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000 lBrazil
| | - Rosana S S Barreto
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000 lBrazil
| | - Adriano A S Araújo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Aldeidia P Oliveira
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Júlia T Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Medical School - HUCFF - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria B Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Medical School - HUCFF - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000 lBrazil.
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000 lBrazil.
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8
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Roesel CL, Vollmer SV. Differential gene expression analysis of symbiotic and aposymbiotic Exaiptasia anemones under immune challenge with Vibrio coralliilyticus. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8279-8293. [PMID: 31380089 PMCID: PMC6662555 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthozoans are a class of Cnidarians that includes scleractinian corals, anemones, and their relatives. Despite a global rise in disease epizootics impacting scleractinian corals, little is known about the immune response of this key group of invertebrates. To better characterize the anthozoan immune response, we used the model anemone Exaiptasia pallida to explore the genetic links between the anthozoan-algal symbioses and immunity in a two-factor RNA-Seq experiment using both symbiotic and aposymbiotic (menthol-bleached) Exaiptasia pallida exposed to the bacterial pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus. Multivariate and univariate analyses of Exaiptasia gene expression demonstrated that exposure to live Vibrio coralliilyticus had strong and significant impacts on transcriptome-wide gene expression for both symbiotic and aposymbiotic anemones, but we did not observe strong interactions between symbiotic state and Vibrio exposure. There were 4,164 significantly differentially expressed (DE) genes for Vibrio exposure, 1,114 DE genes for aposymbiosis, and 472 DE genes for the additive combinations of Vibrio and aposymbiosis. KEGG enrichment analyses identified 11 pathways-involved in immunity (5), transport and catabolism (4), and cell growth and death (2)-that were enriched due to both Vibrio and/or aposymbiosis. Immune pathways showing strongest differential expression included complement, coagulation, nucleotide-binding, and oligomerization domain (NOD), and Toll for Vibrio exposure and coagulation and apoptosis for aposymbiosis.
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Lin T, Ruan S, Huang D, Meng X, Li W, Wang B, Zou F. MeHg-induced autophagy via JNK/Vps34 complex pathway promotes autophagosome accumulation and neuronal cell death. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:399. [PMID: 31113939 PMCID: PMC6529499 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg), an environmental toxin, may specifically cause neurological disorders. Recent studies have reported that autophagy can be induced by metals and be involved in metal cytotoxicity. However, the role of autophagy in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that MeHg induces mTOR-independent autophagy through JNK/Vps34 complex pathway, which further promotes autophagosome accumulation and neuronal cell death. In addition to cell death, MeHg increased LC3-II expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in neuronal cells; furthermore, western blot analysis of LC3-II expression under baf A1-treated condition indicates that MeHg activates autophagy induction. However, we found lysosomal degradative function was impaired by MeHg. Under this condition, MeHg-activated autophagy induction would elicit autophagosome accumulation and cell death. Consistent with this inference, the autophagy inhibitor decreased the MeHg-induced autophagosome accumulation and neuronal cells death, whereas the autophagy inducers further augmented MeHg cytotoxicity. Then, the mechanism of autophagy induction is investigated. We show that MeHg-induced autophagy is mTOR-independent. Vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34) complex is critical for mTOR-independent autophagy. MeHg induced the interaction between Beclin1 and Vps34 to form Vps34 complex. Importantly, knockdown of Vps34 inhibited autophagy induction by MeHg. Furthermore, we found that JNK, but not p38 or ERK, promoted the formation of Vps34 complex and autophagy induction. Finally, inhibition of JNK or downregulation of Vps34 decreased autophagosome accumulation and alleviated MeHg-induced neuronal cell death. The present study implies that inhibiting JNK/Vps34 complex autophagy induction pathway may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianji Lin
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijuan Ruan
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingbang Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Ren Y, Yang N, Yue Y, Jin H, Tao K, Hou T. Investigation of novel pyrazole carboxamides as new apoptosis inducers on neuronal cells in Helicoverpa zea. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2280-2286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yang Z, Yang W, Lu M, Li Z, Qiao X, Sun B, Zhang W, Xue D. Role of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway in the activation of trypsinogen in rat pancreatic acinar cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1119-1126. [PMID: 29207022 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acid causes trypsinogen activation in pancreatic acinar cells through a complex process. Additional research is required to further elucidate which signaling pathways affect trypsinogen activation when activated. the changes in the whole‑genome expression profile of AR42J cells under the effect of taurolithocholic acid 3‑sulfate (TLC‑S) were investigated. Furthermore, gene groups that may play a regulatory role were analyzed using the modular approach of biological networks. The aim of the present study was to improve our understanding of the changes in TLC‑S‑stimulated AR42J cells through a genetic functional modular analysis. whole‑genome expression profile chip arrays were applied to detect genes that were differentially expressed in pancreatic acinar AR42J cells treated with TLC‑S for 20 min. Based on the human protein reference database, a protein‑protein interaction network was obtained, which was then processed by CFinder software to derive 14 modules. Among these 14 modules, the gene ontology biological processes enrichment analysis identified two as modules of interest. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes map analysis revealed that MAP2K4, MAPK8 and FLNA are part of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. The JNK signaling pathway is involved in regulating trypsinogen activation in rat pancreatic AR42J cells. Next, a regulatory network of seven kinase inhibitors was constructed. SP600125 is an ATP‑competitive, efficient, selective and reversible inhibitor of JNK. the results were verified by four sets of experiments and demonstrated that trypsinogen activation is mediated by the JNK signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). The present study provided a useful reference for better understanding the pathogenesis of AP and identifying new targets to regulate trypsinogen activation, in addition to providing valuable information for the treatment of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengpeng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Weiguang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of Califonia at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhituo Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of Califonia at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Weihui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Nishida T, Hattori K, Watanabe K. The regulatory and signaling mechanisms of the ASK family. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 66:2-22. [PMID: 28669716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) was identified as a MAP3K that activates the JNK and p38 pathways, and subsequent studies have reported ASK2 and ASK3 as members of the ASK family. The ASK family is activated by various intrinsic and extrinsic stresses, including oxidative stress, ER stress and osmotic stress. Numerous lines of evidence have revealed that members of the ASK family are critical for signal transduction systems to control a wide range of stress responses such as cell death, differentiation and cytokine induction. In this review, we focus on the precise signaling mechanisms of the ASK family in response to diverse stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Nishida
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hattori
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kengo Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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13
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Neuroprotective Effect of Puerarin on Glutamate-Induced Cytotoxicity in Differentiated Y-79 Cells via Inhibition of ROS Generation and Ca(2+) Influx. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071109. [PMID: 27409614 PMCID: PMC4964484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate toxicity is estimated to be the key cause of photoreceptor degeneration in the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases. Oxidative stress and Ca(2+) influx induced by glutamate are responsible for the apoptosis process of photoreceptor degeneration. Puerarin, a primary component of Kudzu root, has been widely used in the clinical treatment of retinal degenerative diseases in China for decades; however, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of puerarin against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in the differentiated Y-79 cells was first investigated through cytotoxicity assay. Then the molecular mechanism of this effect regarding anti-oxidative stress and Ca(2+) hemostasis was further explored with indirect immunofluorescence, flow cytometric analysis and western blot analysis. Our study showed that glutamate induced cell viability loss, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, calcium overload and up-regulated cell apoptosis in differentiated Y-79 cells, which effect was significantly attenuated with the pre-treatment of puerarin in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, our data indicated that the neuroprotective effect of puerarin was potentially mediated through the inhibition of glutamate-induced activation of mitochondrial-dependent signaling pathway and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-dependent apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1(ASK-1)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 signaling pathway. The present study supports the notion that puerarin may be a promising neuroprotective agent in the prevention of retinal degenerative diseases.
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Maiuri AR, Breier AB, Turkus JD, Ganey PE, Roth RA. Calcium Contributes to the Cytotoxic Interaction Between Diclofenac and Cytokines. Toxicol Sci 2015; 149:372-84. [PMID: 26609140 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCLF) is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is associated with idiosyncratic, drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) in humans. The mechanisms of DCLF-induced liver injury are unknown; however, patients with certain inflammatory diseases have an increased risk of developing IDILI, which raises the possibility that immune mediators play a role in the pathogenesis. DCLF synergizes with the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and interferon-gamma (IFN) to cause hepatocellular apoptosis in vitro by a mechanism that involves activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response pathway and of the mitogen-activated protein kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). DCLF also causes an increase in intracellular calcium (Ca(++)) in hepatocytes, but the role of this in the cytotoxic synergy between DCLF and cytokines is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that Ca(++) contributes to DCLF/cytokine-induced cytotoxic synergy. Treatment of HepG2 cells with DCLF led to an increase in intracellular Ca(++) at 6 and 12 h, and this response was augmented in the presence of TNF and IFN at 12 h. The intracellular Ca(++) chelator BAPTA/AM reduced cytotoxicity and caspase-3 activation caused by DCLF/cytokine cotreatment. BAPTA/AM also significantly reduced DCLF-induced activation of the ER stress sensor, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), as well as activation of JNK and ERK. Treatment of cells with an inositol trisphosphate receptor antagonist almost completely eliminated DCLF/cytokine-induced cytotoxicity and decreased DCLF-induced activation of PERK, JNK, and ERK. These findings indicate that Ca(++) contributes to DCLF/cytokine-induced cytotoxic synergy by promoting activation of the ER stress-response pathway and JNK and ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Maiuri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Anna B Breier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Jonathan D Turkus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Patricia E Ganey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Robert A Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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Rumora L, Domijan AM, Žanić Grubišić T, Šegvić Klarić M. Differential activation of MAPKs by individual and combined ochratoxin A and citrinin treatments in porcine kidney PK15 cells. Toxicon 2014; 90:174-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Yu L, Wang N, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li J, Wu Q, Liu Y. Neuroprotective effect of muscone on glutamate-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via antioxidant and Ca2+ antagonism. Neurochem Int 2014; 70:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Toledo FD, Pérez LM, Basiglio CL, Ochoa JE, Sanchez Pozzi EJ, Roma MG. The Ca²⁺-calmodulin-Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II signaling pathway is involved in oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial permeability transition and apoptosis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1695-709. [PMID: 24614978 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a common event in most hepatopathies, leading to mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) formation and further exacerbation of both OS from mitochondrial origin and cell death. Intracellular Ca²⁺ increase plays a permissive role in these events, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly known. We examined in primary cultured rat hepatocytes whether the Ca²⁺/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) signaling pathway is involved in this process, by using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) as a pro-oxidant, model compound. tBOOH (500 μM, 15 min) induced MPTP formation, as assessed by measuring mitochondrial membrane depolarization as a surrogate marker, and increased lipid peroxidation in a cyclosporin A (CsA)-sensitive manner, revealing the involvement of MPTPs in tBOOH-induced radical oxygen species (ROS) formation. Intracellular Ca²⁺ sequestration with BAPTA/AM, CaM blockage with W7 or trifluoperazine, and CaMKII inhibition with KN-62 all fully prevented tBOOH-induced MPTP opening and reduced tBOOH-induced lipid peroxidation to a similar extent to CsA, suggesting that Ca²⁺/CaM/CaMKII signaling pathway fully mediates MPTP-mediated mitochondrial ROS generation. tBOOH-induced apoptosis, as shown by flow cytometry of annexin V/propidium iodide, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3 and increase in the Bax-to-Bcl-xL ratio, and the Ca²⁺/CaM/CaMKII signaling antagonists fully prevented these effects. Intramitochondrial CaM and CaMKII were partially involved in tBOOH-induced MPTP formation, since W7 and KN-62 both attenuated the tBOOH-induced, MPTP-mediated swelling of isolated mitochondria. We concluded that Ca²⁺/CaM/CaMKII signaling pathway is a key mediator of OS-induced MPTP formation and the subsequent exacerbation of OS from mitochondrial origin and apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia D Toledo
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
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Lipid peroxidation end product 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal triggers unfolded protein response and heme oxygenase-1 expression in PC12 cells: Roles of ROS and MAPK pathways. Toxicology 2013; 315:24-37. [PMID: 24291486 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the roles of ROS overproduction and MAPK signaling pathways in the induction of unfolded protein response (UPR) and the expression of Phase II enzymes in response to 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE) in a neuronal-like catecholaminergic PC12 cells. Our results showed that 4-HNE triggered three canonical pathways of UPR, namely IRE1-XBP1, PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 and ATF6, and induced the expression of UPR-targeted genes, GRP78, CHOP, TRB3, PUMA, and GADD34, as well as Phase II enzymes, HO-1 and GCLC. 4-HNE also induced apoptosis, intracellular calcium accumulation, caspase-3 activation, and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, which was correlated with the increased expression of GADD45α. The addition of tiron, a cellular permeable superoxide scavenger, scavenged 4-HNE-mediated ROS formation, but did not alleviate cytotoxicity, or the expression of UPR-targeted genes or Phase II enzymes, indicating that ROS overproduction per se did not play a major role in 4-HNE-caused deleterious effects. HO-1 expression was attenuated by Nrf2 siRNA and chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), suggesting HO-1 expression was regulated by Nrf2-ARE, which may work downstream of ER stress. 4-HNE treatment promptly induced ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK activation. Addition of p38 MAPK specific inhibitor SB203580 attenuated HO-1 upregulation, but enhanced expression of CHOP, PUMA and TRB3, and cytotoxicity. These results indicate that 4-HNE-induced transient p38 MAPK activation may serve as an upstream negative regulator of ER stress and confer adaptive cytoprotection against 4-HNE-mediated cell injury.
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Berchtold MW, Villalobo A. The many faces of calmodulin in cell proliferation, programmed cell death, autophagy, and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:398-435. [PMID: 24188867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca(2+) receptor protein mediating a large number of signaling processes in all eukaryotic cells. CaM plays a central role in regulating a myriad of cellular functions via interaction with multiple target proteins. This review focuses on the action of CaM and CaM-dependent signaling systems in the control of vertebrate cell proliferation, programmed cell death and autophagy. The significance of CaM and interconnected CaM-regulated systems for the physiology of cancer cells including tumor stem cells, and processes required for tumor progression such as growth, tumor-associated angiogenesis and metastasis are highlighted. Furthermore, the potential targeting of CaM-dependent signaling processes for therapeutic use is discussed.
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Key Words
- (4-[3,5-bis-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-benzoic acid
- (4-[3,5-bis-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-phenyl)-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methanone
- (−) enantiomer of dihydropyrine 3-methyl-5-3-(4,4-diphenyl-1-piperidinyl)-propyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-piridine-3,5-dicarboxylate-hydrochloride (niguldipine)
- 1-[N,O-bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-l-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine
- 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate
- 2-chloro-(ε-amino-Lys(75))-[6-(4-(N,N′-diethylaminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-4-yl]-CaM adduct
- 3′-(β-chloroethyl)-2′,4′-dioxo-3,5′-spiro-oxazolidino-4-deacetoxy-vinblastine
- 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
- Apoptosis
- Autophagy
- B859-35
- CAPP(1)-CaM
- Ca(2+) binding protein
- Calmodulin
- Cancer biology
- Cell proliferation
- DMBA
- EBB
- FL-CaM
- FPCE
- HBC
- HBCP
- J-8
- KAR-2
- KN-62
- KN-93
- N-(4-aminobutyl)-2-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-8-aminooctyl-5-iodo-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-[2-[N-(4-chlorocinnamyl)-N-methylaminomethyl]phenyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide
- O-(4-ethoxyl-butyl)-berbamine
- RITC-CaM
- TA-CaM
- TFP
- TPA
- W-12
- W-13
- W-5
- W-7
- fluorescein-CaM adduct
- fluphenazine-N-2-chloroethane
- norchlorpromazine-CaM adduct
- rhodamine isothiocyanate-CaM adduct
- trifluoperazine
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W Berchtold
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Biocenter 4-2-09 Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Antonio Villalobo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Department of Cancer Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Arturo Duperier 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Weng CY, Chiou SY, Wang L, Kou MC, Wang YJ, Wu MJ. Arsenic trioxide induces unfolded protein response in vascular endothelial cells. Arch Toxicol 2013; 88:213-26. [PMID: 23892647 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure has been linked to endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis. We investigate the involvement of unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling in the arsenic-mediated cytotoxicity of the SVEC4-10 mouse endothelial cells. The SVEC4-10 cells underwent apoptosis in response to As2O3 dose- and time-dependently, accompanied by increased accumulation of calcium, and activation of caspase-3. These phenomena were completely inhibited by α-lipoic acid (LA), which did not scavenge ROS over-production, but were only partially or not ameliorated by tiron, a potent superoxide scavenger. Moreover, arsenic activated UPR, leading to phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit α (eIF2α), induction of ATF4, and processing of ATF6. Treatment with arsenic also triggered the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein), and CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein). The activation of eIF2α, ATF4 and ATF6 and expression of GRP78 and CHOP are repressed by both LA and tiron, indicating arsenic-induced UPR is mediated through ROS-dependent and ROS-independent pathways. Arsenic also induced ER stress-inducible genes, BAX, PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis), TRB3 (tribbles-related protein 3), and SNAT2 (sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter 2). Consistent with intracellular calcium and cell viability data, ROS may not be important in arsenic-induced death, because tiron did not affect the expression of these pro-apoptotic genes. In addition, pretreatment with salubrinal, a selective inhibitor of eIF2α dephosphorylation, enhanced arsenic-induced GRP78 and CHOP expression and partially prevented arsenic cytotoxicity in SVEC4-10 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that arsenic-induced endothelial cytotoxicity is associated with ER stress, which is mediated by ROS-dependent and ROS-independent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Weng
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
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Evodiamine, a plant alkaloid, induces calcium/JNK-mediated autophagy and calcium/mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 205:20-8. [PMID: 23774672 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas, the most common primary gliomas, are characterized by increased invasion and difficult therapy. Major clinical medicines for treating gliomas merely extend the survival time for a number of months. Therefore, development of new agents against gliomas is important. Autophagy, a process for degrading damaged organelles and proteins, is an adaptive response to environmental stress. However, the role of autophagy in glioblastoma development still needs to be further investigated. Evodiamine, a major alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham, has various pharmacological activities, such as inhibiting tumor growth and metastatic properties. However, the effects of evodiamine on glioblastomas and their detailed molecular mechanisms and autophagy formation are not well understood. In this study, we observed that evodiamine induced dose- and time-dependent apoptosis in glioma cells. Blockade of calcium channels in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) significantly reduced evodiamine-induced cytosolic calcium elevation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial depolarization, which suggests that evodiamine induces a calcium-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Interestingly, autophagy was also enhanced by evodiamine, and had reached a plateau by 24h. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy resulted in increased apoptosis and reduced cell viability. Inhibition of ER calcium channel activation also significantly reduced evodiamine-induced autophagy. Inactivation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) suppressed evodiamine-mediated autophagy accompanied by increased apoptosis. Furthermore, evodiamine-mediated JNK activation was abolished by BAPTA-AM, an intracellular calcium scavenger, suggesting that evodiamine mediates autophagy via a calcium-JNK signaling pathway. Collectively, these results suggest that evodiamine induces intracellular calcium/JNK signaling-mediated autophagy and calcium/mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in glioma cells.
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CaMKII Activates ASK1 to Induce Apoptosis of Spinal Astrocytes Under Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:543-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9920-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Mohanty C, Fayad W, Olofsson MH, Larsson R, De Milito A, Fryknäs M, Linder ST. Massive induction of apoptosis of multicellular tumor spheroids by a novel compound with a calmodulin inhibitor-like mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2049-7962-2-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shiizaki S, Naguro I, Ichijo H. Activation mechanisms of ASK1 in response to various stresses and its significance in intracellular signaling. Adv Biol Regul 2013; 53:135-44. [PMID: 23031789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase family. ASK1 activates c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 in response to various stimuli such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, infection and calcium influx. Under these stress conditions, ASK1 plays important roles in intracellular signaling pathways and biological functions. Diverse proteins are known to interact with ASK1 and regulate the activity of ASK1. However, activation mechanisms of ASK1 and ASK1-binding proteins which regulate the activity of ASK1 have not been completely understood. In this review, we focus on the recent findings on ASK1 and update the regulatory mechanisms of ASK1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Shiizaki
- Laboratory of Cell signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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25
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Clementi EA, Marks LR, Duffey ME, Hakansson AP. A novel initiation mechanism of death in Streptococcus pneumoniae induced by the human milk protein-lipid complex HAMLET and activated during physiological death. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:27168-82. [PMID: 22700972 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.371070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To cause colonization or infection, most bacteria grow in biofilms where differentiation and death of subpopulations is critical for optimal survival of the whole population. However, little is known about initiation of bacterial death under physiological conditions. Membrane depolarization has been suggested, but never shown to be involved, due to the difficulty of performing such studies in bacteria and the paucity of information that exists regarding ion transport mechanisms in prokaryotes. In this study, we performed the first extensive investigation of ion transport and membrane depolarization in a bacterial system. We found that HAMLET, a human milk protein-lipid complex, kills Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) in a manner that shares features with activation of physiological death from starvation. Addition of HAMLET to pneumococci dissipated membrane polarity, but depolarization per se was not enough to trigger death. Rather, both HAMLET- and starvation-induced death of pneumococci specifically required a sodium-dependent calcium influx, as shown using calcium and sodium transport inhibitors. This mechanism was verified under low sodium conditions, and in the presence of ionomycin or monensin, which enhanced pneumococcal sensitivity to HAMLET- and starvation-induced death. Pneumococcal death was also inhibited by kinase inhibitors, and indicated the involvement of Ser/Thr kinases in these processes. The importance of this activation mechanism was made evident, as dysregulation and manipulation of physiological death was detrimental to biofilm formation, a hallmark of bacterial colonization. Overall, our findings provide novel information on the role of ion transport during bacterial death, with the potential to uncover future antimicrobial targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Clementi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
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26
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Liu Z, Xu J, Shen X, Lv C, Xu T, Pei D. CaMKII antisense oligodeoxynucleotides protect against ischemia-induced neuronal death in the rat hippocampus. J Neurol Sci 2012; 314:104-10. [PMID: 22036300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the effects of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on the assembly of the CaMKII·GluR6·PSD-95 signaling module, GluR6 serine phosphorylation and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) activation. A further aim was to determine the neuroprotective mechanism of CaMKII antisense ODNs against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced neuronal death in the rat hippocampus. CaMKII antisense ODNs were intracerebroventricularly infused to inhibit CaMKII expression once daily for 3 days prior to the induction of ischemia. Transient cerebral ischemia (15 min) and reperfusion were induced by four-vessel occlusion in Sprague-Dawley rats as an animal model for transient cerebral I/R. The expression of related proteins was examined by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Neuronal death in the rat hippocampus was detected by histology and histochemistry. The results indicate that CaMKII antisense ODNs inhibit several of the processes that are normally induced by cerebral I/R, including CaMKII expression, increased CaMKII·GluR6·PSD-95 signaling module assembly, GluR6 serine phosphorylation and JNK3 activation. Alternatively, CaMKII antisense ODNs also exhibit a significant neuroprotective role against cerebral I/R-induced cell death. These results provide the first evidence that CaMKII antisense ODNs can exert neuroprotective effects on cerebral I/R-induced cell death. The possible molecular mechanisms underlying this effect include 1) an inhibition of CaMKII expression and subsequent suppression of the assembly of the CaMKII·GluR6·PSD-95 signaling module, 2) GluR6 serine phosphorylation, and 3) reduced JNK3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi'an Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221002, China
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27
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Hu Q, Yin PH, Lu PX, Shen YG, Yu C, Li SJ, Jia JY, Liu GY, Miao Y, Fan YZ. Bufalin induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via the JNK signaling pathway. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:100-105. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether bufalin induces apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells via the JNK signaling pathway.
METHODS: The cytostatic effect of bufalin on human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 was evaluated by MTT assay. The impact of bufalin on apoptosis and p-JNK expression was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) and Western blot, respectively. The mRNA expression level of survivin was detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR in BxPC-3 cells treated with bufalin in the absence or presence of a JNK inhibitor.
RESULTS: Bufalin inhibited cell growth in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. BxPC-3 cells treated with 0.16, 0.32, or 0.64 mg/L of bufalin for 48 h had cell apoptotic rates of 19.36% ± 0.39%, 40.69% ± 0.44% and 59.63% ± 1.14%, respectively, showing a significant difference among the three groups (P < 0.01). After the JNK signaling pathway was blocked, cell apoptotic rate decreased significantly (P < 0.01).After bufalin treatment, p-JNK expression was up-regulated at 1 h and reached the peak at 2 h. The mRNA expression of survivin decreased obviously after treatment with 0.32 mg/L of bufalin for 48 h, but increased significantly when the NK signaling pathway was blocked.
CONCLUSION: Bufalin can induce apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells. The anti-pancreatic cancer activity of bufalin might involve down-regulation of survivin mRNA via the SAPK/JNK signal transduction pathway.
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Stefan MI, Marshall DP, Le Novère N. Structural analysis and stochastic modelling suggest a mechanism for calmodulin trapping by CaMKII. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29406. [PMID: 22279535 PMCID: PMC3261145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of CaMKII by calmodulin and the subsequent maintenance of constitutive activity through autophosphorylation at threonine residue 286 (Thr286) are thought to play a major role in synaptic plasticity. One of the effects of autophosphorylation at Thr286 is to increase the apparent affinity of CaMKII for calmodulin, a phenomenon known as "calmodulin trapping". It has previously been suggested that two binding sites for calmodulin exist on CaMKII, with high and low affinities, respectively. We built structural models of calmodulin bound to both of these sites. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that while binding of calmodulin to the supposed low-affinity binding site on CaMKII is compatible with closing (and hence, inactivation) of the kinase, and could even favour it, binding to the high-affinity site is not. Stochastic simulations of a biochemical model showed that the existence of two such binding sites, one of them accessible only in the active, open conformation, would be sufficient to explain calmodulin trapping by CaMKII. We can explain the effect of CaMKII autophosphorylation at Thr286 on calmodulin trapping: It stabilises the active state and therefore makes the high-affinity binding site accessible. Crucially, a model with only one binding site where calmodulin binding and CaMKII inactivation are strictly mutually exclusive cannot reproduce calmodulin trapping. One of the predictions of our study is that calmodulin binding in itself is not sufficient for CaMKII activation, although high-affinity binding of calmodulin is.
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Lu YC, Chen IS, Chou CT, Huang JK, Chang HT, Tsai JY, Hsu SS, Liao WC, Wang JL, Lin KL, Liu SI, Kuo CC, Ho CM, Jan CR. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane alters Ca2+ homeostasis and viability in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 110:314-21. [PMID: 21995587 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the natural product 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) on cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) and viability in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells was explored. The Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2 was applied to measure [Ca(2+)](i). DIM at concentrations of 40-80 μM induced a [Ca(2+)](i) rise in a concentration-dependent manner. The response was reduced partly by removing Ca(2+). DIM-evoked Ca(2+) entry was suppressed by nifedipine, econazole, SK&F96365 and protein kinase C modulators. In the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), incubation with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump inhibitors thapsigargin or 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) inhibited or abolished DIM-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rise. Incubation with DIM also inhibited thapsigargin or BHQ-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rise. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 abolished DIM-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rise. At concentrations of 10-50 μM, DIM killed cells in a concentration-dependent manner. This cytotoxic effect was not altered by chelating cytosolic Ca(2+) with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA). Annexin V/propidium iodide staining data implicate that DIM (20 and 40 μM) induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. In sum, in MG63 cells, DIM induced a [Ca(2+)](i) rise by evoking phospholipase C-dependent Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca(2+) entry via protein kinase C-sensitive store-operated Ca(2+) channels. DIM caused cell death that may involve apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chau Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Wang Y, Li Q, Fan ZZ, Wang YQ, Qiu YY, Jin BH, Chen XZ, Yin PH. Tanshinone IIA induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via the SAPK/JNK signal pathway. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:1028-1033. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i10.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether tanshinone IIA (TSIIA) induces apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells via the SAPK/JNK signal pathway.
METHODS: After treatment with TSIIA, MTT assay was used to observe the cytostatic effect of TSIIA on human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells; cell apoptosis was assessed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry (FCM); p-JNK expression was assayed by Western blot; and mRNA expression of survivin was detected by quantitative fluorescence PCR.
RESULTS: TSIIA inhibited PANC-1 cell growth in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. After PANC-1 cells were treated with 8, 16, or 32 mg/L of TSIIA for 48 h, typical morphologic changes of apoptosis were observed by fluorescence microscopy after Hoechst staining. The apoptosis rates of cells treated with 8, 16, and 32 mg/L of TSIIA for 48 h were (8.83 ± 1.51)%, (12.86 ± 2.70)% and (21.24 ± 2.58)%, respectively, showing a significant difference among the three groups (P < 0.01). After the SAPK/JNK signal pathway was blocked, cell apoptosis rate decreased significantly (P < 0.01). p-JNK expression began to increase at 1 h and reached the peak at 4 h after TSIIA treatment. The mRNA expression of the survivin gene decreased obviously after treatment with 16 mg/L TSIIA for 48 h but increased significantly when the SAPK/JNK signal transduction pathway was blocked.
CONCLUSION: TSIIA can induce human pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis. TSIIA exerts anti-pancreatic cancer effects possibly by down-regulating the expression of survivin mRNA via the SAPK/JNK signal transduction pathway.
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da Silva Cunha KC, Fuly AL, de Araujo EG. A phospholipase A₂ isolated from Lachesis muta snake venom increases the survival of retinal ganglion cells in vitro. Toxicon 2011; 57:580-5. [PMID: 21223976 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have previously showed that a phospholipase A₂ isolated from Lachesis muta snake venom and named LM-PLA₂-I displayed particular biological activities, as hemolysis, inhibition on platelet aggregation, edema induction and myotoxicity. In the present work, we evaluated the effect of LM-PLA₂-I on the survival of axotomized rat retinal ganglion cells kept in vitro, as well as its mechanism of action. Our results clearly showed that treatment with LM-PLA₂-I increased the survival of ganglion cells (100% when compared to control cultures) and the treatment of LM-PLA₂-I with p-bromophenacyl bromide abolished this effect. This result indicates that the effect of LM-PLA₂-I on ganglion cell survival is entirely dependent on its enzymatic activity and the generation of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) may be a prerequisite to the observed survival. In fact, commercial LPC mimicked the effect of LM-PLA₂-I upon ganglion cell survival. To investigate the mechanism of action of LM-PLA₂-I, cultures were treated with chelerythrine chloride, BAPTA-AM, rottlerin and also with an inhibitor of c-junc kinase (JNKi). Our results showed that rottlerin and JNK inhibitor abolished the LM-PLA₂-I on ganglion cell survival. Taken together, our results showed that LM-PLA₂-I and its enzymatic product, LPC promoted survival of retinal ganglion cells through the protein kinase C pathway and strongly suggest a possible role of the PLA₂ enzyme and LPC in controlling the survival of axotomized neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karinne Cristinne da Silva Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Secalonic acid A reduced colchicine cytotoxicity through suppression of JNK, p38 MAPKs and calcium influx. Neurochem Int 2011; 58:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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