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Adhikari R, Brox J, Massicot S, Ruppel M, Jux N, Marbach H, Steinrück HP. Structure and Conformation of Individual Molecules upon Adsorption of a Mixture of Benzoporphyrins on Ag(111), Cu(111), and Cu(110) Surfaces. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300355. [PMID: 37341973 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the adsorption behavior of a mixture of six 2H-tetrakis-(3, 5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(x)benzoporphyrins (2H-diTTBP(x)BPs, x=0, 1, 2-cis, 2-trans, 3, and 4) on Ag(111), Cu(111) and Cu(110) at room temperature by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ultra-high vacuum conditions. On Ag(111), we observe an ordered two-dimensional square phase, which is stable up to 400 K. On Cu(111), the same square phase coexists with a stripe phase, which disappears at 400 K. In contrast, on Cu(110), 2H-diTTBP(x)BPs adsorb as immobile isolated molecules or dispersed short chains along the [11 ‾ ${\bar{1}}$ 0] substrate direction, which remain intact up to 450 K. The stabilization of the 2D supramolecular structures on Ag(111) and Cu(111), and of the 1D short chains on Cu(110) is attributed to van der Waals interactions between the tert-butyl and phenyl groups of neighboring molecules. From high-resolution STM, we can assign all six 2H-diTTBP(x)BPs within the ordered structures. Moreover, we deduce a crown shape quadratic conformation on Ag(111) and Cu(111), an additional saddle-shape on Cu(111), and an inverted structure and a quadratic appearance on Cu(110). The different conformations are attributed to the different degree of interaction of the iminic nitrogen atoms of the isoindole and pyrrole groups with the substrate atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Adhikari
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Brox
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen Massicot
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Ruppel
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Yamagata K, Maeda M, Tessari Z, Mali KS, Tobe Y, De Feyter S, Tahara K. Solvent Mediated Nanoscale Quasi-Periodic Chirality Reversal in Self-Assembled Molecular Networks Featuring Mirror Twin Boundaries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207209. [PMID: 36683210 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Grain boundaries in polycrystals have a prominent impact on the properties of a material, therefore stimulating the research on grain boundary engineering. Structure determination of grain boundaries of molecule-based polycrystals with submolecular resolution remains elusive. Reducing the complexity to monolayers has the potential to simplify grain boundary engineering and may offer real-space imaging with submolecular resolution using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Herein, the authors report the observation of quasi-periodic nanoscale chirality switching in self-assembled molecular networks, in combination with twinning, as revealed by STM at the liquid/solid interface. The width of the chiral domain structure peaks at 12-19 nm. Adjacent domains having opposite chirality are connected continuously through interdigitated alkoxy chains forming a 1D defect-free domain border, reflecting a mirror twin boundary. Solvent co-adsorption and the inherent conformational adaptability of the alkoxy chains turn out to be crucial factors in shaping grain boundaries. Moreover, the epitaxial interaction with the substrate plays a role in the nanoscale chirality reversal as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Yamagata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Matsuhiro Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Zeno Tessari
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, 30030, Taiwan
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
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3
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Baranowski D, Cojocariu I, Sala A, Africh C, Comelli G, Schio L, Tormen M, Floreano L, Feyer V, Schneider CM. Conservation of Nickel Ion Single-Active Site Character in a Bottom-Up Constructed π-Conjugated Molecular Network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210326. [PMID: 36070193 PMCID: PMC9827996 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
On-surface chemistry holds the potential for ultimate miniaturization of functional devices. Porphyrins are promising building-blocks in exploring advanced nanoarchitecture concepts. More stable molecular materials of practical interest with improved charge transfer properties can be achieved by covalently interconnecting molecular units. On-surface synthesis allows to construct extended covalent nanostructures at interfaces not conventionally available. Here, we address the synthesis and properties of covalent molecular network composed of interconnected constituents derived from halogenated nickel tetraphenylporphyrin on Au(111). We report that the π-extended two-dimensional material exhibits dispersive electronic features. Concomitantly, the functional Ni cores retain the same single-active site character of their single-molecule counterparts. This opens new pathways when exploiting the high robustness of transition metal cores provided by bottom-up constructed covalent nanomeshes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baranowski
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6)Jülich Research Center52428JülichGermany
| | - Iulia Cojocariu
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6)Jülich Research Center52428JülichGermany
| | | | | | - Giovanni Comelli
- TASC LaboratoryCNR-IOM34149TriesteItaly,Department of PhysicsUniversity of Trieste34127TriesteItaly
| | | | | | | | - Vitaliy Feyer
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6)Jülich Research Center52428JülichGermany,Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-Essen47048DuisburgGermany
| | - Claus M. Schneider
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6)Jülich Research Center52428JülichGermany,Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-Essen47048DuisburgGermany,Department of Physics and AstronomyUC DavisDavisCA 95616USA
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4
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Baranowski D, Cojocariu I, Sala A, Africh C, Comelli G, Schio L, Tormen M, Floreano L, Feyer V, Schneider CM. Conservation of Nickel Ion Single‐Active Site Character in a Bottom‐Up Constructed π‐Conjugated Molecular Network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baranowski
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH PGI-6 GERMANY
| | - Iulia Cojocariu
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH PGI-6 GERMANY
| | | | | | - Giovanni Comelli
- University of Trieste: Universita degli Studi di Trieste Physics ITALY
| | | | | | | | - Vitaliy Feyer
- Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Leo brand strasse GERMANY
| | - Claus M. Schneider
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH PGI-6 Leo-Brandt-Straße 52425 Jülich GERMANY
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5
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Schultz JF, Li L, Mahapatra S, Jiang N. Chemically imaging nanostructures formed by the covalent assembly of molecular building blocks on a surface with ultrahigh vacuum tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:204008. [PMID: 35196263 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac57d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface-bound reactions have become a viable method to develop nanoarchitectures through bottom-up assembly with near atomic precision. However, the bottom-up fabrication of nanostructures on surfaces requires careful consideration of the intrinsic properties of the precursors and substrate as well as the complex interplay of any interactions that arise in the heterogeneous two-dimensional (2D) system. Therefore, it becomes necessary to consider these systems with characterization methods sensitive to such properties with suitable spatial resolution. Here, low temperature ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) were used to investigate the formation of 2D covalent networks via coupling reactions of tetra(4-bromophenyl)porphyrin (Br4TPP) molecules on a Ag(100) substrate. Through the combination of STM topographic imaging and TERS vibrational fingerprints, the conformation of molecular precursors on the substrate was understood. Following the thermally activated coupling reaction, STM and TERS imaging confirm the covalent nature of the 2D networks and suggest that the apparent disorder arises from molecular flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States of America
| | - Linfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States of America
| | - Sayantan Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States of America
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States of America
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6
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Tao L, Zhang Y, Du S. Structures and electronic properties of functional molecules on metal substrates: From single molecule to self‐assemblies. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tao
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yu‐yang Zhang
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation Beijing China
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation Beijing China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Beijing China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan China
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7
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Baker Cortés BD, Enache M, Küster K, Studener F, Lee T, Marets N, Bulach V, Hosseini MW, Stöhr M. Structural Transformation of Surface-Confined Porphyrin Networks by Addition of Co Atoms. Chemistry 2021; 27:12430-12436. [PMID: 34153154 PMCID: PMC8456947 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of a nickel-porphyrin derivative (Ni-DPPyP) containing two pyridyl coordinating sites and two pentyl chains at trans meso positions was studied with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) on Au(111). Deposition of Ni-DPPyP onto Au(111) gave rise to a close-packed network for coverages smaller or equal to one monolayer as revealed by STM and LEED. The molecular arrangement of this two-dimensional network is stabilized via hydrogen bonds formed between the pyridyl's nitrogen and hydrogen atoms from the pyrrole groups of neighboring molecules. Subsequent deposition of cobalt atoms onto the close-packed network and post-deposition annealing at 423 K led to the formation of a Co-coordinated hexagonal porous network. As confirmed by XPS measurements, the porous network is stabilized by metal-ligand interactions between one cobalt atom and three pyridyl ligands, each pyridyl ligand coming from a different Ni-DPPyP molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Baker Cortés
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mihaela Enache
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Küster
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Present address: Max-Planck-Institut für FestkörperforschungHeisenbergstraße 170569StuttgartGermany
| | - Florian Studener
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Tien‐Lin Lee
- Diamond Light SourceHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0DEUK
| | - Nicolas Marets
- Laboratoire de Tectonique MoléculaireUMR Unistra-CNRS 7140Université de Strasbourg4 rue BlaisePascal67070StrasbourgFrance
| | - Véronique Bulach
- Laboratoire de Tectonique MoléculaireUMR Unistra-CNRS 7140Université de Strasbourg4 rue BlaisePascal67070StrasbourgFrance
| | - Mir Wais Hosseini
- Laboratoire de Tectonique MoléculaireUMR Unistra-CNRS 7140Université de Strasbourg4 rue BlaisePascal67070StrasbourgFrance
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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8
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Egger L, Hollerer M, Kern CS, Herrmann H, Hurdax P, Haags A, Yang X, Gottwald A, Richter M, Soubatch S, Tautz FS, Koller G, Puschnig P, Ramsey MG, Sterrer M. Ladungsunterstützte Selbstmetallierung von Porphyrinen auf Oxidoberflächen. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:5138-5142. [PMID: 38505778 PMCID: PMC10947009 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
AbstractDas Interesse an Metallierungs‐ und Selbstmetallierungsreaktionen auf Oxidoberflächen ist in jüngster Zeit ständig gewachsen. Der Mechanismus der Selbstmetallierungsreaktion ist jedoch nicht vollständig geklärt. Hier zeigen wir mithilfe von Rastertunnelmikroskopie, Photoemissions‐Spektroskopie und Dichtefunktionaltheorie‐Rechnungen, dass die Selbstmetallierung von 2H‐Tetraphenylporphyrin auf der Oberfläche von ultradünnen MgO(001)‐Filmen durch Ladungstransfer ermöglicht wird. Es wird gezeigt, dass der Ladungszustand und dadurch der Metallierungszustand der Porphyrin‐Moleküle durch die Austrittsarbeit des MgO(001)/Ag(001)‐Substrats gezielt eingestellt werden können.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Egger
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazÖsterreich
| | - Michael Hollerer
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazÖsterreich
| | - Christian S. Kern
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazÖsterreich
| | - Hannes Herrmann
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazÖsterreich
| | - Philipp Hurdax
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazÖsterreich
| | - Anja Haags
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-3)Forschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichDeutschland
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)Fundamentals of Future Information Technology52425JülichDeutschland
- Experimentalphysik IV ARWTH Aachen University52074AachenDeutschland
| | - Xiaosheng Yang
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-3)Forschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichDeutschland
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)Fundamentals of Future Information Technology52425JülichDeutschland
- Experimentalphysik IV ARWTH Aachen University52074AachenDeutschland
| | | | - Mathias Richter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)10587BerlinDeutschland
| | - Serguei Soubatch
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-3)Forschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichDeutschland
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)Fundamentals of Future Information Technology52425JülichDeutschland
| | - F. Stefan Tautz
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-3)Forschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichDeutschland
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)Fundamentals of Future Information Technology52425JülichDeutschland
- Experimentalphysik IV ARWTH Aachen University52074AachenDeutschland
| | - Georg Koller
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazÖsterreich
| | - Peter Puschnig
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazÖsterreich
| | - Michael G. Ramsey
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazÖsterreich
| | - Martin Sterrer
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazÖsterreich
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9
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Egger L, Hollerer M, Kern CS, Herrmann H, Hurdax P, Haags A, Yang X, Gottwald A, Richter M, Soubatch S, Tautz FS, Koller G, Puschnig P, Ramsey MG, Sterrer M. Charge-Promoted Self-Metalation of Porphyrins on an Oxide Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5078-5082. [PMID: 33245197 PMCID: PMC7986846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Metalation and self-metalation reactions of porphyrins on oxide surfaces have recently gained interest. The mechanism of porphyrin self-metalation on oxides is, however, far from being understood. Herein, we show by a combination of results obtained with scanning tunneling microscopy, photoemission spectroscopy, and DFT computations, that the self-metalation of 2H-tetraphenylporphyrin on the surface of ultrathin MgO(001) films is promoted by charge transfer. By tuning the work function of the MgO(001)/Ag(001) substrate, we are able to control the charge and the metalation state of the porphyrin molecules on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Egger
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazAustria
| | - Michael Hollerer
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazAustria
| | - Christian S. Kern
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazAustria
| | - Hannes Herrmann
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazAustria
| | - Philipp Hurdax
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazAustria
| | - Anja Haags
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-3)Forschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)Fundamentals of Future Information Technology52425JülichGermany
- Experimentalphysik IV ARWTH Aachen University52074AachenGermany
| | - Xiaosheng Yang
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-3)Forschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)Fundamentals of Future Information Technology52425JülichGermany
- Experimentalphysik IV ARWTH Aachen University52074AachenGermany
| | | | - Mathias Richter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)10587BerlinGermany
| | - Serguei Soubatch
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-3)Forschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)Fundamentals of Future Information Technology52425JülichGermany
| | - F. Stefan Tautz
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-3)Forschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)Fundamentals of Future Information Technology52425JülichGermany
- Experimentalphysik IV ARWTH Aachen University52074AachenGermany
| | - Georg Koller
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazAustria
| | - Peter Puschnig
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazAustria
| | - Michael G. Ramsey
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazAustria
| | - Martin Sterrer
- Institute of PhysicsNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazUniversitätsplatz 58010GrazAustria
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10
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Kataev E, Wechsler D, Williams FJ, Köbl J, Tsud N, Franchi S, Steinrück H, Lytken O. Probing the Roughness of Porphyrin Thin Films with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2293-2300. [PMID: 32820833 PMCID: PMC7702074 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thin-film growth of molecular systems is of interest for many applications, such as for instance organic electronics. In this study, we demonstrate how X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can be used to study the growth behavior of such molecular systems. In XPS, coverages are often calculated assuming a uniform thickness across a surface. This results in an error for rough films, and the magnitude of this error depends on the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons analyzed. We have used this kinetic-energy dependency to estimate the roughnesses of thin porphyrin films grown on rutile TiO2 (110). We used two different molecules: cobalt (II) monocarboxyphenyl-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (CoMCTPP), with carboxylic-acid anchor groups, and cobalt (II) tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP), without anchor groups. We find CoMCTPP to grow as rough films at room temperature across the studied coverage range, whereas for CoTPP the first two layers remain smooth and even; depositing additional CoTPP results in rough films. Although, XPS is not a common technique for measuring roughness, it is fast and provides information of both roughness and thickness in one measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar Kataev
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 3Erlangen91058Germany
| | - Daniel Wechsler
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 3Erlangen91058Germany
| | - Federico J. Williams
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química FísicaUniversidad de Buenos AiresPabellón 2Buenos AiresC1428EHAArgentina
| | - Julia Köbl
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 3Erlangen91058Germany
| | - Natalia Tsud
- Department of Surface and Plasma ScienceCharles UniversityV Holešovičkách 2Prague11636Czech Republic
| | - Stefano Franchi
- Istituto di Struttura della MateriaConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerchevia Fosso del Cavaliere100RomaItaly
| | - Hans‐Peter Steinrück
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 3Erlangen91058Germany
| | - Ole Lytken
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 3Erlangen91058Germany
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11
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Zhou K, Liang H, Wang M, Xing S, Ding H, Song Y, Wang Y, Xu Q, He JH, Zhu J, Zhao W, Ma YQ, Shi Z. Fine-tuning of two-dimensional metal-organic nanostructures via alkali-pyridyl coordination. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2170-2176. [PMID: 36132520 PMCID: PMC9418529 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00091d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a fine-tuning of the two-dimensional alkali-pyridyl coordination assemblies facilely realized by surface reaction between tetrapyridyl-porphyrin molecules and alkali halides on Ag(111) under a solventless ultrahigh vacuum condition. High-resolution scanning tunneling topography and X-ray photoelectron spectra reveal the formation of alkali-pyridyl coordination and the induced conformational tuning of the porphyrin macrocycle cores. Furthermore, employing other different alkali halide substitutes, we demonstrate a fine-tuning of the metal-organic nanostructures at the sub-Å scale. Postdeposition of Fe onto the as-formed precursor layer yields a two-dimensional bimetallic framework structure, manifesting a functionalization of the metal-organic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University 215006 Suzhou China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University 518060 Shenzhen China
| | - Shuaipeng Xing
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University 215006 Suzhou China
| | - Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China 230029 Hefei China
| | - Yang Song
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University 215006 Suzhou China
| | - Yuxu Wang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University 215006 Suzhou China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China 230029 Hefei China
| | - Jing-Hui He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University 215123 Suzhou China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China 230029 Hefei China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University 518060 Shenzhen China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ma
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University 215006 Suzhou China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University 210093 Nanjing China
| | - Ziliang Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University 215006 Suzhou China
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12
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Baklanov A, Garnica M, Robert A, Bocquet ML, Seufert K, Küchle JT, Ryan PTP, Haag F, Kakavandi R, Allegretti F, Auwärter W. On-Surface Synthesis of Nonmetal Porphyrins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1871-1881. [PMID: 31944105 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the on-surface synthesis of a nonmetal porphyrin, namely, silicon tetraphenylporphyrin (Si-TPP), by the deposition of atomic silicon onto a free-base TPP layer on a Ag(100) surface under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. Scanning tunneling microscopy provides insights into the self-assembly of the TPP molecules before and after Si insertion. Silicon coordinates with all four nitrogen atoms of the TPP macrocycle and interacts with a silver atom of the substrate as confirmed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and complementary density functional theory calculations. The Si-TPP complex presents a saddle-shaped conformation that is stable under STM manipulation. Our study shows how protocols established for the on-surface metalation of tetrapyrroles can be adopted to achieve nonmetal porphyrins. Complementary experiments yielding Si-TPP and Ge-TPP on Ag(111) highlight the applicability to different main group elements and supports. The success of our nonmetal porphyrin synthesis procedure is further corroborated by a temperature-programmed desorption experiment, revealing the desorption of Ge-TPP. This extension of interfacial complex formation beyond metal elements opens promising prospects for new tetrapyrrole architectures with distinct properties and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Baklanov
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Manuela Garnica
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Anton Robert
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure , PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Marie-Laure Bocquet
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure , PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Johannes T Küchle
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Paul T P Ryan
- Diamond Light Source , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot OX11 0DE , U.K.,Department of Materials , Imperial College London , South Kensington, London , SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Felix Haag
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Reza Kakavandi
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
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13
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Lexow M, Massicot S, Maier F, Steinrück HP. Stability and Exchange Processes in Ionic Liquid/Porphyrin Composite Films on Metal Surfaces. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:29708-29721. [PMID: 31867088 PMCID: PMC6913898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In light of increasing interest in the development of organic-organic multicomponent heterostructures on metals, this molecular-scale study investigates prototypical composite systems of ultrathin porphyrin and ionic liquid (IL) films on metallic supports under well-defined ultrahigh vacuum conditions. By means of angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we investigated the adsorption, stability, and thermal exchange of the resulting films after sequential physical vapor deposition of the free-base porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin, 2H-TPP, and the IL 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [C8C1Im][PF6], on Ag(111) and Au(111). 2H-TPP shows two-dimensional growth of up to two closed molecular layers on Ag(111) and Au(111) and three-dimensional island growth for thicker films. IL films on top of a monolayer of 2H-TPP exhibit Stranski-Krastanov-like growth and are stable up to 385 K. The 2H-TPP layer leads to destabilization of the IL films, compared to the IL in direct contact with the bare metals, by inhibiting the specific adsorption of the ions on the metal surfaces. When the porphyrin is deposited on top of [C8C1Im][PF6] at low temperature, the 2H-TPP molecules adsorb on top of the IL film at first but replace the IL at the IL/metal interfaces upon heating above 240 K. This exchange process is most likely driven by the higher adsorption energy of 2H-TPP on Ag(111) and Au(111) surfaces, as compared to the IL. The behavior observed on Ag(111) and Au(111) is identical. The results are highly relevant for the stability of porphyrin/IL-based thin film catalyst systems and molecular devices, and more generally, stacked organic multilayer architectures.
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14
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Liu IP, Yeh PH, Fu SH, Lee YL. Preparation and characterization of ordered Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) monolayers on Au(111) surfaces. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Baker Cortés B, Schmidt N, Enache M, Stöhr M. Coverage-Dependent Structural Transformation of Cyano-Functionalized Porphyrin Networks on Au(111) via Addition of Cobalt Atoms. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:19681-19687. [PMID: 31447961 PMCID: PMC6701168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b05055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly process of a cobalt-porphyrin derivative (Co-TCNPP) containing cyanophenyl substituents at all four meso positions on Au(111) was studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Deposition of Co-TCNPP onto Au(111) gave rise to the formation of a close-packed H-bonded network, which was independent of coverage as revealed by STM and LEED. However, a coverage-dependent structural transformation took place upon the deposition of Co atoms. At monolayer coverage, a reticulated long-range ordered network exhibiting a distinct fourfold Co coordination was observed. By reduction of the molecular coverage, a second metal-organic coordination network (MOCN) was formed in coexistence with the fourfold Co-coordinated network, that is, a chevron structure stabilized by a simultaneous expression of H-bonding and threefold Co coordination. We attribute the coverage-dependent structural transformation to the in-plane compression pressure exerted by the molecules deposited on the surface. Our study shows that a subtle interplay between the chemical nature of the building blocks (molecules and metallic atoms) and molecular coverage can steer the formation of structurally different porphyrin-based MOCNs.
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16
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Buimaga-Iarinca L, Morari C. The effect of translation on the binding energy for transition-metal porphyrines adsorbed on Ag(111) surface. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:706-717. [PMID: 30931212 PMCID: PMC6423576 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of interaction between six transition-metal porphyrines and the Ag(111) surface are detailed here as resulted from DFT calculations. Van der Waals interactions as well as the strong correlation in 3d orbitals of transition metals were taken into account in all calculations, including the structural relaxation. For each system we investigate four relative positions of the metallic atom on top the surface. We show that the interaction between the transition metal and silver is the result of a combination between the dispersion interaction, charge transfer and weak chemical interaction. The detailed analysis of the physical properties, such as dipolar and magnetic moments and the molecule-surface charge transfer, analyzed for different geometric configurations allows us to propose qualitative models, relevant for the understanding of the self-assembly processes and related phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies,67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Morari
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies,67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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17
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Zhang YC, Lee DY. Intercalating Single-Atom Metal Centers into an Organic Monolayer with a Full-Sample Coverage. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13387-13394. [PMID: 30346778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been widely used as a straightforward method to functionalize the surface of a common substrate with selective organic functional groups. Here we describe a process that further introduces isolated metal centers into an organic SAM using solutions of metallic porphyrin so that different organic groups and metal single-atoms can be simultaneously exposed on top of the surface. The entire process employs only common laboratory equipment and mild-temperature (<100 °C) incubation to create a full-sample (>cm2) SAM coverage. Each step in this process is closely monitored and discussed using nm-scale scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images. This work can be straightforwardly adopted by research groups interested in such a diversely customizable surface but without access to a vacuum-based deposition technology. The porphyrin molecules are shown to intercalate among closely packed thiolate SAM domains, and STM characterization shows that the entire mixed monolayer is stable in an ambient condition. This process also does not involve any tip-assisted desorption or lithography procedure and can thus be applied toward substrates of other shapes beyond a flat surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi C Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering Program , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
| | - David Y Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering Program , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
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18
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Kuliga J, Zhang L, Lepper M, Lungerich D, Hölzel H, Jux N, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. Metalation and coordination reactions of 2H-meso-trans-di(p-cyanophenyl)porphyrin on Ag(111) with coadsorbed cobalt atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25062-25068. [PMID: 30250951 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05255g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the metalation and coordination reactions of Co with 2H-5,15-bis(para-cyanophenyl)-10,20-bisphenylporphyrin (2HtransDCNPP) on a Ag(111) surface by scanning tunneling microscopy. At room temperature (RT), 2HtransDCNPPs self-assemble into a supramolecular structure stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The metalation of 2HtransDCNPP is achieved either by depositing Co atoms onto the supramolecular structure at RT, or, alternatively, by depositing the molecules onto a submonolayer Co-precovered Ag(111) surface with a subsequent heating to 500 K. In addition, the molecules coordinate to Co atoms through the N atoms in the peripheral cyano groups with a preference of isolated 4-fold coordination motifs at RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kuliga
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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19
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Buimaga-Iarinca L, Morari C. Translation of metal-phthalocyanines adsorbed on Au(111): from van der Waals interaction to strong electronic correlation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12728. [PMID: 30143696 PMCID: PMC6109120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the binding energy for six transition metal - phthalocyanine molecules adsorbed on Au(111). We focus on the effect of translation on molecule - surface physical properties; van der Waals interactions as well as the strong correlation in d orbitals of transition metals are taken into account in all calculations. We found that dispersion interaction and charge transfer have the dominant role in the molecule-surface interaction, while the interaction between the transition metal and gold has a rather indirect influence over the physics of the molecule-surface system. A detailed analysis of the physical properties of the adsorbates at different geometric configurations allows us to propose qualitative models to account for all values of interface dipole charge transfer and magnetic moment of metal-phthalocyanines adsorbed on Au(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Buimaga-Iarinca
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - C Morari
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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20
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Granet J, Sicot M, Kierren B, Lamare S, Chérioux F, Baudelet F, Fagot-Revurat Y, Moreau L, Malterre D. Tuning the Kondo resonance in two-dimensional lattices of cerium molecular complexes. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:9123-9132. [PMID: 29721558 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08202a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerium intermetallics have raised a lot of interest for the past forty years thanks to their very unusual and interesting electronic and magnetic properties. This can be explained by the peculiar electronic configuration of Ce (4f1) that allows different oxidation states leading to singular behavior such as quantum phase transitions, heavy-fermion behavior and the Kondo effect. In this work, we used a mixed-valence molecular analogue to study the Kondo effect down to the atomic scale by means of scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) for which new many-body effects are expected to emerge due to reduced dimensionality and specific chemical environment of the 4f-ion. For that purpose, double-decker molecular complexes hosting a Ce ion were synthesized and adsorbed onto Ag and Cu (111) surfaces forming two-dimensional lattices. As a result, we observed a zero-bias conductance resonance on Ag only indicative of a Kondo effect arising from the coupling between a molecular spin and the conducting electrons of the metallic surface. The emergence of the Kondo effect is discussed in terms of intermolecular and molecule/substrate interactions. This work expands the little knowledge to date on the structural and related electronic properties of Ce-based molecular systems on surfaces. In particular, it shows that Ce-based double deckers are good platforms to obtain insight into 4f-induced many-body effects down to the nanometer scale and in two-dimensional lattices. Moreover, this outcome has a strong impact for future applications of molecular devices in which both metals are commonly used as electrical contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Granet
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Campus ARTEM, 2 allée André Guinier, BP 50840, 54011 Nancy, France.
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21
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Tang H, Tarrat N, Langlais V, Wang Y. Adsorption of iron tetraphenylporphyrin on (111) surfaces of coinage metals: a density functional theory study. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:2484-2491. [PMID: 29234584 PMCID: PMC5704758 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of the iron tetraphenylporphyrin (FeTPP) molecule in its deckchair conformation was investigated on Au(111), Ag(111) and Cu(111) surfaces by performing spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations taking into account both van der Waals (vdW) interaction and on-site Coulomb repulsion. The deckchair conformation of the molecule favours intermolecular π-π-type interactions in a less densely packed monolayer than the saddle conformation. The activation barrier between the two stable magnetic states (high spin, S = 2 and intermediate spin, S = 1) of the molecule in vacuum disappears upon adsorption on the metal surfaces. The high-spin state of physisorbed FeTPP is stable on all adsorption sites. This result reveals that an external permanent element such as a STM tip or an additional molecule is needed to use FeTPP or similar molecules as model system for molecular spin switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- CEMES/CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, P.O. Box 94347, 31055 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France
| | - Nathalie Tarrat
- CEMES/CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, P.O. Box 94347, 31055 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France
| | - Véronique Langlais
- CEMES/CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, P.O. Box 94347, 31055 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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22
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Lovat G, Forrer D, Abadia M, Dominguez M, Casarin M, Rogero C, Vittadini A, Floreano L. Very high temperature tiling of tetraphenylporphyrin on rutile TiO 2(110). NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11694-11704. [PMID: 28776050 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04093h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the thermal stability up to 450 °C of a titanium(iv)-porphyrin monolayer grown on the rutile TiO2(110) surface. Starting from a film of metal-free tetra-phenyl-porphyrin, 2HTPP, deposited at room temperature, we show that, beyond the self-metalation reaction at 150°-200 °C, a second phase transition takes place at ∼350 °C. Using surface diffraction and microscopy, we observe a change of the phase symmetry from (2 × 4)-obliq to (2 × 6)-rect. Core level photoemission indicates that the chemical states of both the molecular tetrapyrrolic macrocycle and the substrate are unchanged. X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the driving mechanism is a rotation of the phenyl terminations towards the substrate (flattening) that triggers a conformational change of the molecule through partial cyclo-dehydrogenation. From comparison with first principles calculations, we show that the common feature of these multiple phase transitions is the chemical nature of the porphyrin bonding atop the substrate oxygen rows: the coordination of the macrocycle central pocket to the oxygen atoms beneath is preserved throughout both the self-metalation and flattening reactions. The molecular orientation and arrangement are determined by steric constraints and intermolecular interactions, whereas the specific adsorption site is further stabilized by the interaction of the peripheral C-H network with the adjacent oxygen rows. Porphyrins are thus trapped at the TiO2(110) surface, where they demonstrate an exceptionally high thermal stability (up to ∼450 °C), which makes this interface potentially useful for sensors and photocatalysis applications in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Lovat
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
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23
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He Y, Kröger J, Wang Y. Organic Multilayer Films Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:429-450. [PMID: 27973695 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This Minireview focuses exclusively on work with scanning tunneling microscopy to study the self-assembled multilayer films (SAMTs) of organic molecules. The π-conjugated organic molecules form different structures within different monolayers on various substrates. The interplay between molecule-substrate and intermolecular interactions plays a key role in determining the stacking mode of organic multilayer films. Different substrates strongly influence the organic-film growth and electronic properties of the organic molecules. Geometric and electronic structures of SAMTs are important factors that may determine device performance. In addition to the inorganic interface, this Minireview addresses the organic-organic interface. Homo- and hetero-SAMTs of organic molecules are also considered. The subtle interplay between structural and electronic characteristics, on one hand, and functionality and reactivity, on the other hand, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Jörg Kröger
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China.,Peking University Information Technology Institute (Tianjin Binhai), Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
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24
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Zhang L, Lepper M, Stark M, Menzel T, Lungerich D, Jux N, Hieringer W, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. On the critical role of the substrate: the adsorption behaviour of tetrabenzoporphyrins on different metal surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20281-20289. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03731g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2HTPTBPs assemble into different supramolecular structures on different metal surfaces due to different molecule–substrate (molecule) interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Michael Lepper
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Michael Stark
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Teresa Menzel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Norbert Jux
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Wolfgang Hieringer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
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25
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Lepper M, Köbl J, Schmitt T, Gurrath M, de Siervo A, Schneider MA, Steinrück HP, Meyer B, Marbach H, Hieringer W. “Inverted” porphyrins: a distorted adsorption geometry of free-base porphyrins on Cu(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:8207-8210. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Peculiar “inverted” intramolecular conformation of a free-base porphyrin due to specific attractive molecule–substrate interaction.
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26
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Albrecht F, Bischoff F, Auwärter W, Barth JV, Repp J. Direct Identification and Determination of Conformational Response in Adsorbed Individual Nonplanar Molecular Species Using Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7703-7709. [PMID: 27779886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years atomic force microscopy (AFM) at highest resolution was widely applied to mostly planar molecules, while its application toward exploring species with structural flexibility and a distinct 3D character remains a challenge. Herein, the scope of noncontact AFM is widened by investigating subtle conformational differences occurring in the well-studied reference systems 2H-TPP and Cu-TPP on Cu(111). Different saddle-shape conformations of both species can be recognized in conventional constant-height AFM images. To unambiguously identify the behavior of specific molecular moieties, we extend data acquisition to distances that are inaccessible with constant-height measurements by introducing vertical imaging, that is, AFM mapping in a plane perpendicular to the sample surface. Making use of this novel technique the vertical displacement of the central Cu atom upon tip-induced conformational switching of Cu-TPP is quantified. Further, for 2H-TPP two drastically different geometries are observed, which are systematically characterized. Our results underscore the importance of structural flexibility in adsorbed molecules with large conformational variability and, consequently, the objective to characterize their geometry at the single-molecule level in real space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Albrecht
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix Bischoff
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jascha Repp
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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27
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Werner K, Mohr S, Schwarz M, Xu T, Amende M, Döpper T, Görling A, Libuda J. Functionalized Porphyrins on an Atomically Defined Oxide Surface: Anchoring and Coverage-Dependent Reorientation of MCTPP on Co3O4(111). J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:555-560. [PMID: 26785148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the adsorption of tetraphenylporphyrin (2HTPP) and its carboxylated counterpart mono-para-carboxyphenyltriphenylporphyrin (MCTPP) on an atomically defined Co3O4(111) film under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. Using time-resolved infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (TR-IRAS), we show that 2HTPP adsorbs molecularly in a flat-lying orientation, whereas MCTPP binds to the surface via formation of a chelating bidentate carboxylate upon deposition at 400 K. Combining TR-IRAS and density-functional theory (DFT), we determine the molecular tilting angle as a function of coverage. We show that the MCTPP adsorption geometry changes from a nearly flat-lying orientation (tilting angle <30°) at low coverage to a nearly perfectly upright-standing orientation (tilting angle of approximately 80°) in the full monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Werner
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwarz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tao Xu
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max Amende
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tibor Döpper
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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28
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Zhang L, Lepper M, Stark M, Schuster R, Lungerich D, Jux N, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. 2H
-Tetrakis(3,5-di-tert
-butyl)phenylporphyrin on a Cu(110) Surface: Room-Temperature Self-Metalation and Surface-Reconstruction-Facilitated Self-Assembly. Chemistry 2016; 22:3347-3354. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Germany
| | - Michael Lepper
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Germany
| | - Michael Stark
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Germany
| | - Ralf Schuster
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Germany
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Germany
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29
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Beggan JP, Boyle NM, Pryce MT, Cafolla AA. Surface-confined Ullmann coupling of thiophene substituted porphyrins. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:365602. [PMID: 26294321 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/36/365602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The covalent coupling of (5,10,15,20-tetrabromothien-2-ylporphyrinato)zinc(II) (TBrThP) molecules on the Ag(111) surface has been investigated under ultra-high-vacuum conditions, using scanning tunnelling microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The findings provide atomic-level insight into surface-confined Ullmann coupling of thiophene substituted porphyrins, analyzing the progression of organometallic intermediate to final coupled state. Adsorption of the TBrThP molecules on the Ag(111) surface at room temperature is found to result in the reductive dehalogenation of the bromothienyl substituents and the subsequent formation of single strand and crosslinked coordination networks. The coordinated substrate atoms bridge the proximal thienyl groups of the organometallic intermediate, while the cleaved bromine atoms are bound on the adjacent Ag(111) surface. The intermediate complex displays a thermal lability at ∼423 K that results in the dissociation of the proximal thienyl groups with the concomitant loss of the surface bound bromine. At the thermally induced dissociation of the intermediate complex the resultant thienylporphyrin derivatives covalently couple, leading to the formation of a polymeric network of thiophene linked and meso-meso fused porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Beggan
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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30
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Wiengarten A, Lloyd JA, Seufert K, Reichert J, Auwärter W, Han R, Duncan DA, Allegretti F, Fischer S, Oh SC, Sağlam Ö, Jiang L, Vijayaraghavan S, Écija D, Papageorgiou AC, Barth JV. Surface-Assisted Cyclodehydrogenation; Break the Symmetry, Enhance the Selectivity. Chemistry 2015. [PMID: 26211450 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Selectivity in chemical reactions is a major objective in industrial processes to minimize spurious byproducts and to save scarce resources. In homogeneous catalysis the most important factor which determines selectivity is structural symmetry. However, a transfer of the symmetry concept to heterogeneous catalysis still requires a detailed comprehension of the underlying processes. Here, we investigate a ring-closing reaction in surface-confined meso-substituted porphyrin molecules by scanning tunneling microscopy, temperature-programmed desorption, and computational modeling. The identification of reaction intermediates enables us to analyze the reaction pathway and to conclude that the symmetry of the porphyrin core is of pivotal importance regarding product yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Wiengarten
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Julian A Lloyd
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University Clayton Campus, VIC 3800 (Australia)
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Hainrichstrasse 28 V, 8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany).
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Runyuan Han
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - David A Duncan
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: Diamond Light Source, Didcot, OX11 0DE (UK)
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Sybille Fischer
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Seung Cheol Oh
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Özge Sağlam
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: Faculty of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Izmir University of Economics, Sakarya Cad.156, Balcova, Izmir (Turkey)
| | - Li Jiang
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Saranyan Vijayaraghavan
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: Corrosion and materials protection division CSIR - Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630 003, Tamilnadu (India)
| | - David Écija
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: IMDEA NANOSCIENCE, 28049 Madrid (Spain)
| | - Anthoula C Papageorgiou
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany).
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
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31
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Stark M, Träg J, Ditze S, Brenner W, Jux N, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. Supramolecular order and structural dynamics: A STM study of 2H-tetraphenylporphycene on Cu(111). J Chem Phys 2015; 142:101925. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4908268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stark
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Träg
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ditze
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brenner
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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32
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Studener F, Müller K, Marets N, Bulach V, Hosseini MW, Stöhr M. From hydrogen bonding to metal coordination and back: Porphyrin-based networks on Ag(111). J Chem Phys 2015; 142:101926. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4908535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Studener
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K. Müller
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N. Marets
- Laboratoire de Tectonique Moléculaire, UMR UDS-CNRS 7140, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - V. Bulach
- Laboratoire de Tectonique Moléculaire, UMR UDS-CNRS 7140, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - M. W. Hosseini
- Laboratoire de Tectonique Moléculaire, UMR UDS-CNRS 7140, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - M. Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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33
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Smykalla L, Shukrynau P, Korb M, Lang H, Hietschold M. Surface-confined 2D polymerization of a brominated copper-tetraphenylporphyrin on Au(111). NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4234-41. [PMID: 25672486 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A coupling-limited approach for the Ullmann reaction-like on-surface synthesis of a two-dimensional covalent organic network starting from a halogenated metallo-porphyrin is demonstrated. Copper-octabromo-tetraphenylporphyrin molecules can diffuse and self-assemble when adsorbed on the inert Au(111) surface. Splitting-off of bromine atoms bonded at the macrocyclic core of the porphyrin starts at room temperature after the deposition and is monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for different annealing steps. Direct coupling between the reactive carbon sites of the molecules is, however, hindered by the molecular shape. This leads initially to an ordered non-covalently interconnected supramolecular structure. Further heating to 300 °C and an additional hydrogen dissociation step is required to link the molecular macrocycles via a phenyl group and form large ordered polymeric networks. This approach leads to a close-packed covalently bonded network of overall good quality. The structures are characterized using scanning tunneling microscopy. Different kinds of lattice defects and, furthermore, the impact of polymerization on the HOMO-LUMO gap are discussed. Density functional theory calculations corroborate the interpretations and give further insight into the adsorption of the debrominated molecule on the surface and the geometry and coupling reaction of the polymeric structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Smykalla
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Institute of Physics, Solid Surfaces Analysis Group, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
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34
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Fatayer S, Veiga RGA, Prieto MJ, Perim E, Landers R, Miwa RH, de Siervo A. Self-assembly of NiTPP on Cu(111): a transition from disordered 1D wires to 2D chiral domains. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:18344-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01288k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The growth mechanism of NiTPP on Cu(111): from disordered 1D wires to self-assembled chiral domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Fatayer
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- Campinas 13083-859
- Brazil
| | - Roberto G. A. Veiga
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais
- Escola Politécnica
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo 05508-010
- Brazil
| | - Mauricio J. Prieto
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- Campinas 13083-859
- Brazil
| | - Eric Perim
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- Campinas 13083-859
- Brazil
| | - Richard Landers
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- Campinas 13083-859
- Brazil
| | - Roberto H. Miwa
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal de Uberlandia
- Uberlândia 38400-902
- Brazil
| | - Abner de Siervo
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- Campinas 13083-859
- Brazil
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35
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Zhang L, Lepper M, Stark M, Lungerich D, Jux N, Hieringer W, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. Self-assembly and coverage dependent thermally induced conformational changes of Ni(ii)-meso-tetrakis (4-tert-butylphenyl) benzoporphyrin on Cu(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:13066-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01490e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible intramolecular conformation change induced by a coverage-dependent dehydrogenative intramolecular aryl–aryl coupling reaction was observed for Ni-TTBPBP on Cu(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Michael Lepper
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Michael Stark
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Norbert Jux
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Wolfgang Hieringer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
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36
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Basagni A, Colazzo L, Sedona F, DiMarino M, Carofiglio T, Lubian E, Forrer D, Vittadini A, Casarin M, Verdini A, Cossaro A, Floreano L, Sambi M. Stereoselective Photopolymerization of Tetraphenylporphyrin Derivatives on Ag(110) at the Sub-Monolayer Level. Chemistry 2014; 20:14296-304. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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37
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Röckert M, Franke M, Tariq Q, Ditze S, Stark M, Uffinger P, Wechsler D, Singh U, Xiao J, Marbach H, Steinrück HP, Lytken O. Coverage- and temperature-dependent metalation and dehydrogenation of tetraphenylporphyrin on Cu(111). Chemistry 2014; 20:8948-53. [PMID: 24966033 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Using temperature-programmed desorption, supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy, a comprehensive overview of the main reactions of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphyrin (2HTPP) on Cu(111) as a function of coverage and temperature is obtained. Three reactions were identified: metalation with Cu substrate atoms, stepwise partial dehydrogenation, and finally complete dehydrogenation. At low coverage the reactions are independent of coverage, but at higher coverage metalation becomes faster and partial dehydrogenation slower. This behavior is explained by a weaker interaction between the iminic nitrogen atoms and the Cu(111) surface in the high-coverage checkerboard structure, leading to faster metalation, and the stabilizing effect of T-type interactions in the CuTPP islands formed at high coverage after metalation, leading to slower dehydrogenation. Based on the amount of hydrogen released and the appearance in STM, a structure of the partially dehydrogenated molecule is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Röckert
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 9131-85-28867
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38
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Murphy BE, Krasnikov SA, Sergeeva NN, Cafolla AA, Preobrajenski AB, Chaika AN, Lübben O, Shvets IV. Homolytic cleavage of molecular oxygen by manganese porphyrins supported on Ag(111). ACS NANO 2014; 8:5190-8. [PMID: 24766567 DOI: 10.1021/nn501240j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen binding and cleavage are important for both molecular recognition and catalysis. Mn-based porphyrins in particular are used as catalysts for the epoxidation of alkenes, and in this study the homolytic cleavage of O2 by a surface-supported monolayer of Mn porphyrins on Ag(111) is demonstrated by scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray absorption, and X-ray photoemission. As deposited, {5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato}Mn(III)Cl (MnClTPP) adopts a saddle conformation with the average plane of its macrocycle parallel to the substrate and the axial Cl ligand pointing upward, away from the substrate. The adsorption of MnClTPP on Ag(111) is accompanied by a reduction of the Mn oxidation state from Mn(III) to Mn(II) due to charge transfer between the substrate and the molecule. Annealing the Mn(II)ClTPP monolayer up to 510 K causes the chlorine ligands to desorb from the porphyrins while leaving the monolayer intact. The Mn(II)TPP is stabilized by the surface acting as an axial ligand for the metal center. Exposure of the Mn(II)TPP/Ag(111) system to molecular oxygen results in the dissociation of O2 and forms pairs of Mn(III)OTPP molecules on the surface. Annealing at 445 K reduces the Mn(III)OTPP complex back to Mn(II)TPP/Ag(111). The activation energies for Cl and O removal were found to be 0.35 ± 0.02 eV and 0.26 ± 0.03 eV, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry E Murphy
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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39
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Stöckl Q, Bandera D, Kaplan CS, Ernst KH, Siegel JS. Gear-Meshed Tiling of Surfaces with Molecular Pentagonal Stars. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:606-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja411279r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quirin Stöckl
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Davide Bandera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jay S. Siegel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road (A203/Bldg 24), Nankai
District, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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40
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Doyle CM, Cunniffe JP, Krasnikov SA, Preobrajenski AB, Li Z, Sergeeva NN, Senge MO, Cafolla AA. Ni–Cu ion exchange observed for Ni(ii)–porphyrins on Cu(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3447-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48913b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Marbach H, Steinrück HP. Studying the dynamic behaviour of porphyrins as prototype functional molecules by scanning tunnelling microscopy close to room temperature. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9034-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01744g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Scanning tunnelling microscopy of the dynamics of functional molecules (porphyrins) close to room temperature enables a detailed determination of the thermodynamic potentials including entropic contributions of the underlying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Egerlandstrasse 3 and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - H.-P. Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Egerlandstrasse 3 and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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42
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Sáfar GAM, Malachias A, Magalhães-Paniago R, Martins DCS, Idemori YM. Unravelling the molecular structure and packing of a planar molecule by combining nuclear magnetic resonance and scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:20691-7. [PMID: 24192713 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53542h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The determination of the molecular structure of a porphyrin is achieved by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) techniques. Since macroscopic crystals cannot be obtained in this system, this combination of techniques is crucial to solve the molecular structure without the need for X-ray crystallography. For this purpose, previous knowledge of the flatness of the reagent molecules (a porphyrin and its functionalizing group, a naphthalimide) and the resulting molecular structure obtained by a force-field simulation are used. The exponents of the I-V curves obtained by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) allow us to check whether the thickness of the film of molecules is greater than a monolayer, even when there is no direct access to the exposed surface of the metal substrate. Photoluminescence (PL), optical absorption, infrared (IR) reflectance and solubility tests are used to confirm the results obtained here with this NMR/STM/STS combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A M Sáfar
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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43
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Vollnhals F, Wintrich P, Walz MM, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. Electron beam induced surface activation of ultrathin porphyrin layers on Ag(111). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:12290-7. [PMID: 24004187 DOI: 10.1021/la4028095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate how a focused electron beam can be used to chemically activate porphyrin layers on Ag(111) such that they become locally reactive toward the decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl, Fe(CO)5. This finding considerably expands the scope of electron beam induced surface activation (EBISA) and also has implications for electron beam induced deposition (EBID). The influence of the porphyrin layer thickness on both processes is studied in detail using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and scanning Auger microscopy (SAM). While a closed monolayer of porphyrin molecules does exhibit some activity toward Fe(CO)5 decomposition after electron irradiation, a growth enhancement is found for bi- and multilayer films. This is attributed to a partial quenching of activated centers in the first layer due to the close proximity of the silver substrate. In addition, we demonstrate that the catalytic decomposition of gaseous Fe(CO)5 on Ag(111) can be effectively inhibited by introducing a densely packed monolayer of 2H-tetraphenylporphyrin (2HTPP) molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Vollnhals
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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44
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Liu YF, Krug K, Lee YL. Self-organization of two-dimensional poly(3-hexylthiophene) crystals on Au(111) surfaces. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:7936-7941. [PMID: 23857255 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02233a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to construct organized structures and tunable electronic properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) monolayers on Au(111) surfaces was developed based on a self-assembly process in a liquid phase. On a bare Au(111) surface, P3HT adsorbs as a monolayer with a randomly oriented and curvy-wire morphology. When the gold surface was pre-modified by an iodine adlayer (I-Au(111)), the passivation effect of iodine decreases the substrate-adsorbate interaction. As a result, P3HT adsorbs as linear chains, stacking and folding into regular arrays of a polymer bundle. By controlling the electrode at more negative potentials, it is able to desorb the iodine adlayer from the substrate. The remaining P3HT adsorbs onto the Au(111) surface directly, retaining a linear and regular arrangement. However, a different electronic structure is imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) analysis reveals that this molecular image is associated with a 0.16 eV shift of the Fermi level toward HOMO position, indicating a stronger p-doping characteristic of the adlayer. The phenomenon is ascribed to an iodine-induced p-doping reaction which occurs during the desorption of iodine. This work demonstrates that electrode potential and pre-adsorbed halide adlayers can be effectively used to regulate the arrangement and electronic properties of adsorbed molecules on metallic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Fang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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45
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Olguin M, Zope RR, Baruah T. Effect of geometrical orientation on the charge-transfer energetics of supramolecular (tetraphenyl)-porphyrin∕C60 dyads. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:074306. [PMID: 23445008 DOI: 10.1063/1.4790623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The charge transfer (CT) excited state energies of donor-acceptor (D∕A) pairs determine the achievable open-circuit voltage of D∕A-based organic solar cell devices. Changes in the relative orientation of donor-acceptor pairs at the interface influence the frontier orbital energy levels, which impacts the dissociation of bound excitons at the D∕A-interface. We examine the effect of relative orientation on CT excited state energies of porphyrin-fullerene dyads. The donors studied are base- and Zn-tetraphenyl porphyrin coupled to C60 as the acceptor molecule in an end-on configuration. We compare the energetics of a few low-lying CT states for the end-on geometry to our previously calculated CT energetics of a co-facial orientation. The calculated CT excitation energies are larger for the end-on orientation in comparison to the co-facial structure by about 0.7 eV, which primarily occurs due to a decrease in exciton binding energy in going from the co-facial to the end-on orientation. Furthermore, changes in relative donor-acceptor orientation have a larger impact on the CT energies than changes in donor-acceptor distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Olguin
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
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46
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Smets Y, Stark CB, Lach S, Schmitt F, Wright CA, Wanke M, Ley L, Ziegler C, Pakes CI. Charge-induced distortion and stabilization of surface transfer doped porphyrin films. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:044703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4815978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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47
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Stark M, Ditze S, Drost M, Buchner F, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. Coverage dependent disorder-order transition of 2H-tetraphenylporphyrin on Cu(111). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4104-4110. [PMID: 23437975 DOI: 10.1021/la3046753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the peculiar coverage dependent supramolecular arrangement of 2H-tetraphenylporhpyrin (2HTPP) on Cu(111) with scanning tunneling microscopy at room-temperature. At low coverage, "slow" diffusion of individual 2HTPP molecules along the close-packed atomic rows of the substrate is observed, and no supramolecular ordering occurs. However, at higher coverage, the formation of ordered, checkerboard-like domains is found, with two molecules per unit cell at different distances from the surface. This behavior is attributed to a complex interplay of site specific molecule-substrate interaction, mainly the strong interaction between the iminic N atoms and Cu substrate atoms, with intermolecular T-type and π-π interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stark
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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48
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Ditze S, Röckert M, Buchner F, Zillner E, Stark M, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. Towards the engineering of molecular nanostructures: local anchoring and functionalization of porphyrins on model-templates. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:115305. [PMID: 23448712 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/11/115305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that Cu(111) surfaces pre-covered with a submonolayer of copper oxide or metallic nickel are suitable model-templates for the selective adsorption and/or localized functionalization of functional molecules such as different free base porphyrins and metalloporphyrins. The oxide/Cu(111) model-template is able to steer the adsorption of tetraphenylporphyrins (TPP): 2HTPP selectively adsorbs on the bare Cu areas, and for CoTPP anchoring at the rim of the copper oxide islands is found. On the Ni/Cu(111) model-template TPP molecules are pinned on the Ni areas while they are mobile on the bare Cu surface. Interestingly, adsorption of free base octaethylporphyrin on Ni/Cu(111) leads to a local functionalization, namely the metalation to NiOEP on the Ni areas. Model-template preparation and characterization by scanning tunneling microscopy is performed at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ditze
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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49
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Wäckerlin C, Tarafder K, Girovsky J, Nowakowski J, Hählen T, Shchyrba A, Siewert D, Kleibert A, Nolting F, Oppeneer PM, Jung TA, Ballav N. Ammonia Coordination Introducing a Magnetic Moment in an On-Surface Low-Spin Porphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4568-71. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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50
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Wäckerlin C, Tarafder K, Girovsky J, Nowakowski J, Hählen T, Shchyrba A, Siewert D, Kleibert A, Nolting F, Oppeneer PM, Jung TA, Ballav N. Ammonia Coordination Introducing a Magnetic Moment in an On-Surface Low-Spin Porphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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