1
|
Ma Y, Chen Y, Peng F, Ding X. Phenylpropyl Guanidinium Magnetic Ionic Liquid for Green and Selective Extraction of RNA. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12833-12840. [PMID: 36245232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A phenylpropyl guanidinium magnetic ionic liquid (PGMIL) was designed and prepared to extract RNA from complex samples. The properties of PGMIL were characterized by a vibrating sample magnetometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermogravimetric analyzer, transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscope. Through single-factor analysis, the factors affecting the RNA extraction process, such as PGMIL volume, temperature, extraction time, and pH, were systematically investigated. The ability of PGMIL to selectively extract RNA was investigated by a NanoDrop. Under the optimized conditions, the extraction efficiency of RNA can reach 81.9 ± 1.9%. The proposed extraction method has been demonstrated with the extraction of RNA from a series of complex sample matrices, including a metal ion mixture and medicinal yeast. After extraction, the retained RNA could be readily recovered by simply using Tris-HCl buffer, with a recovery rate of 68.11 ± 2.45%. Regeneration studies have shown that the extraction efficiency of PGMIL did not change significantly after using 4 times. This study provides a green, rapid, and environmental friendly extraction method for the selective extraction of RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yani Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Feixia Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan410081, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reynoso-Hernández KB, Guevara-Pantoja PE, Caballero-Robledo GA. Capture efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles through the compaction effect of a microparticles column. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:024603. [PMID: 34525671 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.024603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
When a magnetic nanoparticle solution flows through a porous medium formed by iron microparticles packed in a microfluidic channel, the nanoparticles get trapped within the column in the presence of a magnet. A complex interplay between magnetic and fluid forces within the magnetized porous medium governs the trapping of nanoparticles. However, how does the packing state of the microparticles affect the trapping of nanoparticles? Will more nanoparticles be trapped on a loose or a tight packing? In this work, we present experiments that show that the capture of nanoparticles is determined by the total volume occupied by the column, independent of its packing density. We present a simple analytical model based on the competition of drag and magnetic forces that shows that our system can be useful to develop and test more complete and accurate models. We also developed a technique to measure the columns' minute mass and its packing density, which consists of injecting polydimethylsiloxane into the acrylic microfluidic device. Our work can help with the optimization of environmental and biomedical applications based on high-gradient magnetic nanoparticle separation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
AbstractThe outbreak of new viral strains promotes advances in universal diagnostic techniques for detecting infectious diseases with unknown viral sequence. Long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a hallmark of infections, serves as a virus marker for prompt detection of viruses with unknown genomes. Here, we report on-chip paper electrophoresis for ultrafast screening of infectious diseases. Negatively charged RNAs pass through the micro and nanoscale pores of cellulose in order of size under an external electric field applied to the paper microfluidic channel. Quantitative separation of long dsRNA mimicking poly I:C was analyzed from 1.67 to 33 ng·μL−1, which is close to the viral dsRNA concentration in infected cells. This paper-based capillary electrophoresis chip (paper CE chip) can provide a new diagnostic platform for ultrafast viral disease detection at the point-of-care (POC) level.
Collapse
|
4
|
Rapid bacteria-detection platform based on magnetophoretic concentration, dielectrophoretic separation, and impedimetric detection. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1173:338696. [PMID: 34172153 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Most biosensors employ small sample quantities (less than 100 μL) for bacteria detection, thereby resulting in inaccurate low-concentration measurements. Detection performed using small sample volumes with low bacteria concentration may produce false-negative results. Therefore, sample pretreatment plays a critical role in accurate bacteria detection. This paper presents an impedimetric bacteria-detection sensor integrated with bacteria concentration and separation devices for rapid bacteria detection. Post conjugation using magnetic particles (MPs), the MP-conjugated bacteria (MP/Bac) are concentrated via magnetophoresis by a factor exceeding 100. In addition, MP/Bac are separated from MPs via dielectrophoresis to prevent occurrence of signal errors caused by MPs not conjugated with bacteria. Subsequently, concentrated MP/Bac are captured on a sensor electrode, and bacteria concentration is detected by measuring signal changes caused by the impedance difference between bacteria and the medium. The performance of the proposed bacteria-detection device was evaluated using a 5-mL homogenized cabbage sample injected with Staphylococcus aureus at 30 mL/h flow rate. The observed signal change was measured for 10 min using a sample with a concentration of 5-5 × 103 CFU/mL and was found to be approximately 0.34 mV at 50 CFU/mL; the limit of detection was 36 CFU/mL. These results confirm that the proposed device can detect low bacteria concentrations in food samples.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma S, Bhatia V. Magnetic nanoparticles in microfluidics-based diagnostics: an appraisal. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1329-1342. [PMID: 34027677 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in microfluidics based diagnostics is a classic case of micro-, nano- and bio-technology coming together to design extremely controllable, reproducible, and scalable nano and micro 'on-chip bio sensing systems.' In this review, applications of MNPs in microfluidics ranging from molecular diagnostics and immunodiagnostics to clinical uses have been examined. In addition, microfluidic mixing and capture of analytes using MNPs, and MNPs as carriers in microfluidic devices has been investigated. Finally, the challenges and future directions of this upcoming field have been summarized. The use of MNP-based microfluidic devices, will help in developing decentralized or 'point of care' testing globally, contributing to affordable healthcare, particularly, for middle- and low-income developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, India
| | - Vinayak Bhatia
- ICARE Eye Hospital & Postgraduate Institute, Noida, U.P., India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Obino D, Vassalli M, Franceschi A, Alessandrini A, Facci P, Viti F. An Overview on Microfluidic Systems for Nucleic Acids Extraction from Human Raw Samples. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093058. [PMID: 33925730 PMCID: PMC8125272 DOI: 10.3390/s21093058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid (NA) extraction is a basic step for genetic analysis, from scientific research to diagnostic and forensic applications. It aims at preparing samples for its application with biomolecular technologies such as isothermal and non-isothermal amplification, hybridization, electrophoresis, Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing. Multiple steps are involved in NA collection from raw samples, including cell separation from the rest of the specimen, cell lysis, NA isolation and release. Typically, this process needs molecular biology facilities, specialized instrumentation and labor-intensive operations. Microfluidic devices have been developed to analyze NA samples with high efficacy and sensitivity. In this context, the integration within the chip of the sample preparation phase is crucial to leverage the promise of portable, fast, user-friendly and economic point-of-care solutions. This review presents an overview of existing lab-on-a-chip (LOC) solutions designed to provide automated NA extraction from human raw biological fluids, such as whole blood, excreta (urine and feces), saliva. It mainly focuses on LOC implementation aspects, aiming to describe a detailed panorama of strategies implemented for different human raw sample preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Obino
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 16149 Genova, Italy; (D.O.); (F.V.)
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, James Watt South Building, Glasgow G128LT, UK;
| | | | - Andrea Alessandrini
- Nanoscience Institute, National Research Council, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Facci
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 16149 Genova, Italy; (D.O.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federica Viti
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 16149 Genova, Italy; (D.O.); (F.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Caruana G, Croxatto A, Coste AT, Opota O, Lamoth F, Jaton K, Greub G. Diagnostic strategies for SARS-CoV-2 infection and interpretation of microbiological results. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:1178-1182. [PMID: 32593741 PMCID: PMC7315992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To face the current COVID-19 pandemic, diagnostic tools are essential. It is recommended to use real-time RT-PCR for RNA viruses in order (a) to perform a rapid and accurate diagnostic, (b) to guide patient care and management and (c) to guide epidemiological strategies. Further studies are warranted to define the role of serological diagnosis and a possible correlation between serological response and prognosis. OBJECTIVES The aim was to guide clinical microbiologists in the use of these diagnostic tests and clinicians in the interpretation of their results. SOURCES A search of literature was performed through PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnosis, SARS-CoV-2 immune response, SARS-CoV-2 serology/antibody testing, coronavirus diagnosis. CONTENT The present review discusses performances, limitations and use of current and future diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2. IMPLICATIONS Real-time RT-PCR remains the reference method for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. On the other hand, notwithstanding its varying sensitivity according to the time of infection, serology represents a valid asset (a) to try to solve possible discrepancies between a highly suggestive clinical and radiological presentation and negative RT-PCR, (b) to solve discrepancies between different PCR assays and (c) for epidemiological purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Caruana
- Institut de Microbiologie, Département de médecine de laboratoire et pathologie (DMLP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Croxatto
- Institut de Microbiologie, Département de médecine de laboratoire et pathologie (DMLP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A T Coste
- Institut de Microbiologie, Département de médecine de laboratoire et pathologie (DMLP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Opota
- Institut de Microbiologie, Département de médecine de laboratoire et pathologie (DMLP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Lamoth
- Institut de Microbiologie, Département de médecine de laboratoire et pathologie (DMLP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Département de médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Jaton
- Institut de Microbiologie, Département de médecine de laboratoire et pathologie (DMLP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Greub
- Institut de Microbiologie, Département de médecine de laboratoire et pathologie (DMLP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Département de médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dalili A, Samiei E, Hoorfar M. A review of sorting, separation and isolation of cells and microbeads for biomedical applications: microfluidic approaches. Analyst 2019; 144:87-113. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have reviewed the microfluidic approaches for cell/particle isolation and sorting, and extensively explained the mechanism behind each method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Dalili
- The University of British
- School of Engineering
- Kelowna
- Canada V1 V 1 V7
| | - Ehsan Samiei
- University of Victoria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Victoria
- Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- The University of British
- School of Engineering
- Kelowna
- Canada V1 V 1 V7
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ghahari S, Ghahari S, Nematzadeh GA. Magnetic nano fluids for isolation of genomic DNA and total RNA from various prokaryote and eukaryote cells. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1102-1103:125-134. [PMID: 30388702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The correct isolation of nucleic acid from various cells is an important preliminary step before many biochemical and diagnostic processes such as cloning, sequencing, replication, hybridization, and complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis. In this study, the coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNFs) with Tween 20 and oleic acid because of paramagnetic and bio-compatibility properties used in the extractions of genomic DNA (gDNA) and total RNA from prokaryote and eukaryote cells. The amount and accuracy of gDNA and total RNA extracted were proved via agarose gel electrophoresis, digestion and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. According to UV-Vis spectrophotometry data and gDNA and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) bands observed on the agarose gel, the results showed that extraction of this nano-kit can be comparable with the existing methods used to purifying nucleic acids such as purification based on the use of Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and phenol-chloroform methods. Characterization of the particles defines them to be ~34.85 nm in diameter and exhibiting high saturation magnetization (28 emu/g). Elimination of hazardous reagents such as phenol and chloroform from extraction solutions, the replacement for inorganic coating such as silica with organic oil, and reduction of reaction time are some advantages of this method. Therefore, according to the challenges in the nucleic acid purification pathway, the use of these kits can be remarkable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ghahari
- Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ghahari
- Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran
| | - Ghorban Ali Nematzadeh
- Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nacham O, Clark KD, Varona M, Anderson JL. Selective and Efficient RNA Analysis by Solid-Phase Microextraction. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10661-10666. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Nacham
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kevin D. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Marcelino Varona
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jared L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Clark KD, Zhang C, Anderson JL. Sample Preparation for Bioanalytical and Pharmaceutical Analysis. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11262-11270. [PMID: 27779849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological and pharmaceutical samples represent formidable challenges in sample preparation that hold important consequences for bioanalysis and genotoxic impurity quantification. This Feature will emphasize significant advances toward the development of rapid, sensitive, and selective sample preparation methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yan S, Zhang J, Yuan D, Li W. Hybrid microfluidics combined with active and passive approaches for continuous cell separation. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:238-249. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Dan Yuan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shields Iv CW, Wang JL, Ohiri KA, Essoyan ED, Yellen BB, Armstrong AJ, López GP. Magnetic separation of acoustically focused cancer cells from blood for magnetographic templating and analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3833-3844. [PMID: 27713979 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00719h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies hold enormous promise for the next generation of medical diagnoses. At the forefront of this effort, many are seeking to capture, enumerate and analyze circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a means to prognosticate and develop individualized treatments for cancer. Capturing these rare cells, however, represents a major engineering challenge due to their low abundance, morphology and heterogeneity. A variety of microfluidic tools have been developed to isolate CTCs from drawn blood samples; however, few of these approaches offer a means to separate and analyze cells in an integrated system. We have developed a microfluidic platform comprised of three modules that offers high throughput separation of cancer cells from blood and on-chip organization of those cells for streamlined analyses. The first module uses an acoustic standing wave to rapidly align cells in a contact-free manner. The second module then separates magnetically labeled cells from unlabeled cells, offering purities exceeding 85% for cells and 90% for binary mixtures of synthetic particles. Finally, the third module contains a spatially periodic array of microwells with underlying micromagnets to capture individual cells for on-chip analyses (e.g., staining, imaging and quantification). This array is capable of capturing with accuracies exceeding 80% for magnetically labeled cells and 95% for magnetic particles. Overall, by virtue of its holistic processing of complex biological samples, this system has promise for the isolation and evaluation of rare cancer cells and can be readily extended to address a variety of applications across single cell biology and immunology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Wyatt Shields Iv
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Korine A Ohiri
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Eric D Essoyan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Benjamin B Yellen
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Gabriel P López
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Han SI, Han KH. Electrical Detection Method for Circulating Tumor Cells Using Graphene Nanoplates. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10585-92. [PMID: 26402053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a microfluidic device for electrical discrimination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using graphene nanoplates (GNPs) as a highly conductive material bound to the cell surface. For two-step cascade discrimination, the microfluidic device is composed of a CTC-enrichment device and an impedance cytometry. Using lateral magnetophoresis, the CTC-enrichment device enriches rare CTCs from millions of background blood cells. Then, the impedance cytometry electrically identifies CTCs from the enriched sample, containing CTCs and persistent residual blood cells, based on the electrical impedance of CTCs modified by the GNPs. GNPs were used as a highly conductive material for modifying surface conductivity of CTCs, thereby improving the accuracy of electrical discrimination. The experimental results showed that a colorectal cancer cell line (DLD-1) spiked into peripheral blood was enriched by nearly 500-fold by the CTC-enrichment device. The phase of the electrical signal measured from DLD-1 cells covered by GNPs shifted by about 100° in comparison with that from normal blood cells, which allows the impedance cytometry to identify CTCs at a rate of 94% from the enriched samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-I Han
- Department of Nano Science and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University , 607 Obang-dong, Gimhae, Gyongnam 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Han
- Department of Nano Science and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University , 607 Obang-dong, Gimhae, Gyongnam 621-749, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo PL, Tang M, Hong SL, Yu X, Pang DW, Zhang ZL. Combination of dynamic magnetophoretic separation and stationary magnetic trap for highly sensitive and selective detection of Salmonella typhimurium in complex matrix. Biosens Bioelectron 2015. [PMID: 26201979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses have always been a serious problem that threats public health, so it is necessary to develop a method that can detect the pathogens rapidly and sensitively. In this study, we designed a magnetic controlled microfluidic device which integrated the dynamic magnetophoretic separation and stationary magnetic trap together for sensitive and selective detection of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). Coupled with immunomagnetic nanospheres (IMNs), this device could separate and enrich the target pathogens and realize the sensitive detection of target pathogens on chip. Based on the principle of sandwich immunoassays, the trapped target pathogens identified by streptavidin modified QDs (SA-QDs) were detected under an inverted fluorescence microscopy. A linear range was exhibited at the concentration from 1.0×10(4) to 1.0×10(6) colony-forming units/mL (CFU/mL), the limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 5.4×10(3) CFU/mL in milk (considering the sample volume, the absolute detection limit corresponded to 540C FU). Compared with the device with stationary magnetic trap alone, the integrated device enhanced anti-interference ability and increased detection sensitivity through dynamic magnetophoretic separation, and made the detection in complex samples more accurate. In addition, it had excellent specificity and good reproducibility. The developed system provides a rapid, sensitive and accurate approach to detect pathogens in practice samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Man Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Shao-Li Hong
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi X, Chen CH, Gao W, Chao SH, Meldrum DR. Parallel RNA extraction using magnetic beads and a droplet array. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1059-65. [PMID: 25519439 PMCID: PMC4349128 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid extraction is a necessary step for most genomic/transcriptomic analyses, but it often requires complicated mechanisms to be integrated into a lab-on-a-chip device. Here, we present a simple, effective configuration for rapidly obtaining purified RNA from low concentration cell medium. This Total RNA Extraction Droplet Array (TREDA) utilizes an array of surface-adhering droplets to facilitate the transportation of magnetic purification beads seamlessly through individual buffer solutions without solid structures. The fabrication of TREDA chips is rapid and does not require a microfabrication facility or expertise. The process takes less than 5 minutes. When purifying mRNA from bulk marine diatom samples, its repeatability and extraction efficiency are comparable to conventional tube-based operations. We demonstrate that TREDA can extract the total mRNA of about 10 marine diatom cells, indicating that the sensitivity of TREDA approaches single-digit cell numbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Shi
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation , The Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University Tempe , Arizona , USA .
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation , The Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University Tempe , Arizona , USA .
- Department of Electrical Engineering , National Cheng Kung University Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Weimin Gao
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation , The Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University Tempe , Arizona , USA .
| | - Shih-hui Chao
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation , The Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University Tempe , Arizona , USA .
| | - Deirdre R. Meldrum
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation , The Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University Tempe , Arizona , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hejazian M, Li W, Nguyen NT. Lab on a chip for continuous-flow magnetic cell separation. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:959-70. [PMID: 25537573 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01422g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Separation of cells is a key application area of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices. Among the various methods, magnetic separation of cells utilizing microfluidic devices offers the merits of biocompatibility, efficiency, and simplicity. This review discusses the fundamental physics involved in using magnetic force to separate particles, and identifies the optimisation parameters and corresponding methods for increasing the magnetic force. The paper then elaborates the design considerations of LOC devices for continuous-flow magnetic cell separation. Examples from the recently published literature illustrate these state-of-the-art techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Hejazian
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Muluneh M, Shang W, Issadore D. Track-etched magnetic micropores for immunomagnetic isolation of pathogens. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1078-85. [PMID: 24535921 PMCID: PMC4418635 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic chip is developed to selectively isolate magnetically tagged cells from heterogeneous suspensions, the track-etched magnetic micropore (TEMPO) filter. The TEMPO consists of an ion track-etched polycarbonate membrane coated with soft magnetic film (Ni20 Fe80 ). In the presence of an applied field, provided by a small external magnet, the filter becomes magnetized and strong magnetic traps are created along the edges of the micro-pores. In contrast to conventional microfluidics, fluid flows vertically through the porous membrane allowing large flow rates while keeping the capture rate high and the chip compact. By utilizing track-etching instead of conventional semiconductor fabrication, TEMPOs can be fabricated with microscale pores over large areas A > 1 cm(2) at little cost (< 5 C| cm(-) (2) ). To demonstrate the utility of this platform, a TEMPO with 5 μm pore size is used to selectively and rapidly isolate immunomagnetically targeted Escherichia coli from heterogeneous suspensions, demonstrating enrichment of ζ > 500 at a flow rate of Φ = 5 mL h(-1) . Furthermore, the large density of micropores (ρ = 10(6) cm(-2) ) allows the TEMPO to sort E. coli from unprocessed environmental and clinical samples, as the blockage of a few pores does not significantly change the behavior of the device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melaku Muluneh
- Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Suite 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6321, USA
| | - Wu Shang
- Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Suite 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6321, USA
| | - David Issadore
- Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Suite 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6321, USA; Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 200 South 33rd Street, 203 Moore Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6321, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
van Reenen A, de Jong AM, den Toonder JMJ, Prins MWJ. Integrated lab-on-chip biosensing systems based on magnetic particle actuation--a comprehensive review. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1966-86. [PMID: 24806093 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51454d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The demand for easy to use and cost effective medical technologies inspires scientists to develop innovative lab-on-chip technologies for point-of-care in vitro diagnostic testing. To fulfill medical needs, the tests should be rapid, sensitive, quantitative, and miniaturizable, and need to integrate all steps from sample-in to result-out. Here, we review the use of magnetic particles actuated by magnetic fields to perform the different process steps that are required for integrated lab-on-chip diagnostic assays. We discuss the use of magnetic particles to mix fluids, to capture specific analytes, to concentrate analytes, to transfer analytes from one solution to another, to label analytes, to perform stringency and washing steps, and to probe biophysical properties of the analytes, distinguishing methodologies with fluid flow and without fluid flow (stationary microfluidics). Our review focuses on efforts to combine and integrate different magnetically actuated assay steps, with the vision that it will become possible in the future to realize integrated lab-on-chip biosensing assays in which all assay process steps are controlled and optimized by magnetic forces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander van Reenen
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gao Y, Yuan Z. Nanotechnology for the detection and kill of circulating tumor cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:500. [PMID: 25258614 PMCID: PMC4174536 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a surrogate biomarker of hematogenous metastases and thus could be considered as a 'liquid biopsy' which reveals metastasis in action. But it is absolutely a challenge to detect CTCs due to their extreme rarity. At present, the most common principle is to take advantage of the epithelial surface markers of CTCs which attach to a specific antibody. Antibody-magnetic nanobeads combine with the epithelial surface markers, and then the compound is processed by washing, separation, and detection. However, a proportion of CTC antigen expressions are down-regulated or lost in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and thus, this part of CTCs cannot be detected by classical detection methods such as CellSearch. To resolve this problem, some multiple-marker CTC detections have been developed rapidly. Additionally, nanotechnology is a promising approach to kill CTCs with high efficiency. Implantable nanotubes coated with apoptosis-promoting molecules improve the disease-free survival and overall survival. The review introduces some novel CTC detection techniques and therapeutic methods by virtue of nanotechnology to provide a better knowledge of the progress about CTC study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhou Yuan
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Han N, Shin JH, Han KH. An on-chip RT-PCR microfluidic device, that integrates mRNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and gene amplification. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47980c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
22
|
Forbes TP, Munson MS, Forry SP. Theoretical analysis of a magnetophoresis-diffusion T-sensor immunoassay. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3935-3944. [PMID: 23945824 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50686j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present the analytical investigation of a microfluidic homogeneous competitive immunoassay that incorporates antibody-conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles and magnetophoretic transport to enhance the limits of detection and dynamic range. The analytical model considers the advective, diffusive, and magnetophoretic transport of the antibody-coated nanoparticles relative to the labeled and sample antigens of interest in a T-sensor configuration. The magnetophoresis-diffusion immunoassay identified clear improvements to the assay response and reductions to the limit of detection for increased magnetophoretic velocities and larger nanoparticles. The externally applied magnetophoretic transport enriched the antibody-antigen accumulation region, while larger nanoparticles led to decreased diffusive peak broadening. The integration of nanoparticles to the diffusion immunoassay (NP-DIA) demonstrated an approximately 3-fold improvement to the limit of detection of the basic antibody/antigen system, while the integration of superparamagnetic nanoparticles and magnetophoretic transport (MIA) established an order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity as well as means to greatly reduce response time. The implementation of an external magnetic force enabled the detectable antigen size spectrum to extend from small molecules i.e., 10's Da to 100's Da, up to large proteins and macromolecules, i.e., 50 kDa to 150 kDa, for a single class of binding species, i.e., superparamagnetic nanoparticle. This investigation provides guidelines for the design and development of a magnetophoresis-diffusion T-sensor immunoassay, and clearly identifies the regimes for optimal operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Forbes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nam J, Huang H, Lim H, Lim C, Shin S. Magnetic separation of malaria-infected red blood cells in various developmental stages. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7316-23. [PMID: 23815099 DOI: 10.1021/ac4012057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a serious disease that threatens the public health, especially in developing countries. Various methods have been developed to separate malaria-infected red blood cells (i-RBCs) from blood samples for clinical diagnosis and biological and epidemiological research. In this study, we propose a simple and label-free method for separating not only late-stage but also early-stage i-RBCs on the basis of their paramagnetic characteristics due to the malaria byproduct, hemozoin, by using a magnetic field gradient. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel was fabricated and integrated with a ferromagnetic wire fixed on a glass slide. To evaluate the performance of the microfluidic device containing the ferromagnetic wire, lateral displacement of NaNO2-treated RBCs, which also have paramagnetic characteristics, was observed at various flow rates. The results showed excellent agreement with theoretically predicted values. The same device was applied to separate i-RBCs. Late-stage i-RBCs (trophozoites and schizonts), which contain optically visible black dots, were separated with a recovery rate of approximately 98.3%. In addition, using an optimal flow rate, early-stage (ring-stage) i-RBCs, which had been difficult to separate because of their low paramagnetic characteristics, were successfully separated with a recovery rate of 73%. The present technique, using permanent magnets and ferromagnetic wire in a microchannel, can effectively separate i-RBCs in various developmental stages so that it could provide a potential tool for studying the invasion mechanism of the malarial parasite, as well as performing antimalarial drug assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghun Nam
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen A, Byvank T, Chang WJ, Bharde A, Vieira G, Miller BL, Chalmers JJ, Bashir R, Sooryakumar R. On-chip magnetic separation and encapsulation of cells in droplets. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1172-81. [PMID: 23370785 PMCID: PMC4176703 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc41201b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Single cell study is gaining importance because of the cell-to-cell variation that exists within cell population, even after significant initial sorting. Analysis of such variation at the gene expression level could impact single cell functional genomics, cancer, stem-cell research, and drug screening. The on-chip monitoring of individual cells in an isolated environment would prevent cross-contamination, provide high recovery yield, and enable study of biological traits at a single cell level. These advantages of on-chip biological experiments is a significant improvement for a myriad of cell analyses methods, compared to conventional methods, which require bulk samples and provide only averaged information on cell structure and function. We report on a device that integrates a mobile magnetic trap array with microfluidic technology to provide the possibility of separation of immunomagnetically labeled cells and their encapsulation with reagents into picoliter droplets for single cell analysis. The simultaneous reagent delivery and compartmentalization of the cells immediately following sorting are all performed seamlessly within the same chip. These steps offer unique advantages such as the ability to capture cell traits as originated from its native environment, reduced chance of contamination, minimal use of the reagents, and tunable encapsulation characteristics independent of the input flow. Preliminary assay on cell viability demonstrates the potential for the device to be integrated with other up- or downstream on-chip modules to become a powerful single-cell analysis tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Chen
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim S, Han SI, Park MJ, Jeon CW, Joo YD, Choi IH, Han KH. Circulating Tumor Cell Microseparator Based on Lateral Magnetophoresis and Immunomagnetic Nanobeads. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2779-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303284u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seonyoung Kim
- Department of Nano Engineering,
Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-I Han
- Department of Nano Engineering,
Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jae Park
- Department of Hemato-Oncology,
Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan 612-030, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Wan Jeon
- Department of Surgery, Cancer
Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 619-900, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Don Joo
- Department of Hemato-Oncology,
Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan 612-030, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hak Choi
- Department of Microbiology and
Immunology, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Han
- Department of Nano Engineering,
Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nawarathna D, Norouzi N, McLane J, Sharma H, Sharac N, Grant T, Chen A, Strayer S, Ragan R, Khine M. Shrink-induced sorting using integrated nanoscale magnetic traps. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2013; 102:63504. [PMID: 23479497 PMCID: PMC3585756 DOI: 10.1063/1.4790191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a plastic microfluidic device with integrated nanoscale magnetic traps (NSMTs) that separates magnetic from non-magnetic beads with high purity and throughput, and unprecedented enrichments. Numerical simulations indicate significantly higher localized magnetic field gradients than previously reported. We demonstrated >20 000-fold enrichment for 0.001% magnetic bead mixtures. Since we achieve high purity at all flow-rates tested, this is a robust, rapid, portable, and simple solution to sort target species from small volumes amenable for point-of-care applications. We used the NSMT in a 96 well format to extract DNA from small sample volumes for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).
Collapse
|
27
|
Watarai H. Continuous separation principles using external microaction forces. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2013; 6:353-78. [PMID: 23772659 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062012-092551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, methods for the continuous separation of microparticles with microaction forces have rapidly advanced. Various action forces have been used in designs of both microchannel and capillary continuous separation systems, which depend on properties such as conductivity, permittivity, absorptivity, refractive index, magnetic susceptibility, and compressibility. Particle migration velocity has been used to characterize the particles. Biological cells have been the most interesting targets of these continuous separation methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Watarai
- Institute for NanoScience Design, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
A high-speed, high-performance on-chip integrated reverse transcription (RT)-microchip. Biomed Microdevices 2012; 15:9-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-012-9682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
29
|
Forbes TP, Forry SP. Microfluidic magnetophoretic separations of immunomagnetically labeled rare mammalian cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:1471-9. [PMID: 22395226 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40113d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunomagnetic isolation and magnetophoresis in microfluidics have emerged as viable techniques for the separation, fractionation, and enrichment of rare cells. Here we present the development and characterization of a microfluidic system that incorporates an angled permanent magnet for the lateral magnetophoresis of superparamagnetic beads and labeled cell-bead complexes. A numerical model, based on the relevant transport processes, is developed as a design tool for the demonstration and prediction of magnetophoretic displacement. We employ a dimensionless magnetophoresis parameter to efficiently investigate the design space, gain insight into the physics of the system, and compare results across the vast spectrum of magnetophoretic microfluidic systems. The numerical model and theoretical analysis are experimentally validated by the lateral magnetophoretic deflection of superparamagnetic beads and magnetically labeled breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells in a microfluidic device that incorporates a permanent magnet angled relative to the flow. Through the dimensionless magnetophoresis parameter, the transition between regimes of magnetophoretic action, from hydrodynamically dominated (magnetic deflection) to magnetically dominated (magnetic capture), is experimentally identified. This powerful tool and theoretical framework enables efficient device and experiment design of biologically relevant systems, taking into account their inherent variability and labeling distributions. This analysis identifies the necessary beads, magnet configuration (orientation), magnet type (permanent, ferromagnetic, electromagnet), flow rate, channel geometry, and buffer to achieve the desired level of magnetophoretic deflection or capture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Forbes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Biochemical Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tang D, Tang J, Li Q, Liu B, Yang H, Chen G. Target-induced biomolecular release for sensitive aptamer-based electrochemical detection of small molecules from magnetic graphene. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00114k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|