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Warren CG, Dasgupta PK. Liquid phase detection in the miniature scale. Microfluidic and capillary scale measurement and separation systems. A tutorial review. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1305:342507. [PMID: 38677834 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic and capillary devices are increasingly being used in analytical applications while their overall size keeps decreasing. Detection sensitivity for these microdevices gains more importance as device sizes and consequently, sample volumes, decrease. This paper reviews optical, electrochemical, electrical, and mass spectrometric detection methods that are applicable to capillary scale and microfluidic devices, with brief introduction to the principles in each case. Much of this is considered in the context of separations. We do consider theoretical aspects of separations by open tubular liquid chromatography, arguably the most potentially fertile area of separations that has been left fallow largely because of lack of scale-appropriate detection methods. We also examine the theoretical basis of zone electrophoretic separations. Optical detection methods discussed include UV/Vis absorbance, fluorescence, chemiluminescence and refractometry. Amperometry is essentially the only electrochemical detection method used in microsystems. Suppressed conductance and especially contactless conductivity (admittance) detection are in wide use for the detection of ionic analytes. Microfluidic devices, integrated to various mass spectrometers, including ESI-MS, APCI-MS, and MALDI-MS are discussed. We consider the advantages and disadvantages of each detection method and compare the best reported limits of detection in as uniform a format as the available information allows. While this review pays more attention to recent developments, our primary focus has been on the novelty and ingenuity of the approach, regardless of when it was first proposed, as long as it can be potentially relevant to miniature platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cable G Warren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019-0065, United States
| | - Purnendu K Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019-0065, United States.
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2
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Anastasi F, Botto A, Immordino B, Giovannetti E, McDonnell LA. Proteomics analysis of circulating small extracellular vesicles: Focus on the contribution of EVs to tumor metabolism. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:3-19. [PMID: 37652834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The term small extracellular vesicle (sEV) is a comprehensive term that includes any type of cell-derived, membrane-delimited particle that has a diameter < 200 nm, and which includes exosomes and smaller microvesicles. sEVs transfer bioactive molecules between cells and are crucial for cellular homeostasis and particularly during tumor development, where sEVs provide important contributions to the formation of the premetastic niche and to their altered metabolism. sEVs are thus legitimate targets for intervention and have also gained increasing interest as an easily accessible source of biomarkers because they can be rapidly isolated from serum/plasma and their molecular cargo provides information on their cell-of origin. To target sEVs that are specific for a given cell/disease it is essential to identify EV surface proteins that are characteristic of that cell/disease. Mass-spectrometry based proteomics is widely used for the identification and quantification of sEV proteins. The methods used for isolating the sEVs, preparing the sEV sample for proteomics analysis, and mass spectrometry analysis, can have a strong influence on the results and requires careful consideration. This review provides an overview of the approaches used for sEV proteomics and discusses the inherent compromises regarding EV purity versus depth of coverage. Additionally, it discusses the practical applications of the methods to unravel the involvement of sEVs in regulating the metabolism of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The metabolic reprogramming in PDAC includes enhanced glycolysis, elevated glutamine metabolism, alterations in lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction and hypoxia, all of which are crucial in promoting tumor cell growth. A thorough understanding of these metabolic adaptations is imperative for the development of targeted therapies to exploit PDAC's vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Anastasi
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy; National Enterprise for NanoScience and NanoTechnology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy; BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asia Botto
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benoit Immordino
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liam A McDonnell
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy.
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3
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Schmidt AJ, Zamuruyev KO, LeVasseur MK, Fung S, Anishchenko IM, Kenyon NJ, Davis CE. Stable electrospray signal on a microfabricated glass chip with three-dimensional open edge and tiered depth geometries. MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING 2023; 276:111997. [PMID: 39301435 PMCID: PMC11412618 DOI: 10.1016/j.mee.2023.111997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the microfabrication and performance of a three-dimensional electrospray ionization (ESI) emitter tip made from glass, which achieves stable current signals important for chemical analysis. Our novel microfabrication process and custom-built signal conditioning hardware provides the advantage of providing accurate features and steady signals. The fabrication process relies on standard microfabrication techniques (i.e., deposition, photolithography, and wet etching). This fabrication method involves the novel application of two layers of positive and negative photoresists in addition to Parafilm® wax tape. Open edge and tiered depth details were successfully created from a multilayer planar mask. This is a benefit for integrated miniaturized and microfluidic systems that often require micro features for their functionality but relatively large millimeter size features for their physical periphery. We demonstrate the fundamental performance of electrospray with this microfluidic chip. The emitter tip was fixed on a linear axis stage with high resolution (10 μm) to finely control the tip distance from a metal counter electrode plate. A custom printed circuit board system was built to safely control four voltages applied to the microchip ports from a single high voltage power supply. To readily form the electrospray, non-aqueous solvents were used for their low viscosity and a constant voltage of +2.7 kV was applied to the sheath electrospray microchannel. The liquid being sprayed was 80/20 (v/v) methanol/acetonitrile with 0.1% acetic acid in the sheath microchannel and with ammonium acetate (10-40 mM) in its remaining microchannels. The electrospray signal was measured in response to varying the distance (1.4 to 1.6 mm) between the electrospray emitter tip and a metal counter electrode plate in addition to the varying concentration of the background electrolyte, ammonium acetate. Stable and repeatable electrospray signal showed linear relationships with emitter tip distance and concentration (r2≥0.95).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Schmidt
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis CA, USA
| | - Konstantin O Zamuruyev
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis CA, USA
| | - Michael K LeVasseur
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Fung
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis CA, USA
| | - Ilya M Anishchenko
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Kenyon
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis CA, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento CA, USA
| | - Cristina E Davis
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis CA, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather CA, USA
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4
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Shao X, Huang Y, Wang G. Microfluidic devices for protein analysis using intact and top‐down mass spectrometry. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Shao
- Institute for Cell Analysis Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen China
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center Peking University Beijing China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Institute for Cell Analysis Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen China
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center Peking University Beijing China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Guanbo Wang
- Institute for Cell Analysis Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen China
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center Peking University Beijing China
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Ha NS, de Raad M, Han LZ, Golini A, Petzold CJ, Northen TR. Faster, better, and cheaper: harnessing microfluidics and mass spectrometry for biotechnology. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1331-1351. [PMID: 34704041 PMCID: PMC8496484 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00112d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput screening technologies are widely used for elucidating biological activities. These typically require trade-offs in assay specificity and sensitivity to achieve higher throughput. Microfluidic approaches enable rapid manipulation of small volumes and have found a wide range of applications in biotechnology providing improved control of reaction conditions, faster assays, and reduced reagent consumption. The integration of mass spectrometry with microfluidics has the potential to create high-throughput, sensitivity, and specificity assays. This review introduces the widely-used mass spectrometry ionization techniques that have been successfully integrated with microfluidics approaches such as continuous-flow system, microchip electrophoresis, droplet microfluidics, digital microfluidics, centrifugal microfluidics, and paper microfluidics. In addition, we discuss recent applications of microfluidics integrated with mass spectrometry in single-cell analysis, compound screening, and the study of microorganisms. Lastly, we provide future outlooks towards online coupling, improving the sensitivity and integration of multi-omics into a single platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel S Ha
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute Emeryville CA USA
| | - Markus de Raad
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
| | - La Zhen Han
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Berkeley CA USA
| | - Amber Golini
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Berkeley CA USA
| | - Christopher J Petzold
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute Emeryville CA USA
| | - Trent R Northen
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute Emeryville CA USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Berkeley CA USA
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Yang Z, Zhang Z, Chen D, Xu T, Wang Y, Sun L. Nanoparticle-Aided Nanoreactor for Nanoproteomics. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10568-10576. [PMID: 34297524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale bottom-up proteomics of few even single cells is crucial for a better understanding of the roles played by cell-to-cell heterogeneity in disease and development. Novel proteomic methodologies with extremely high sensitivity are required for few even single-cell proteomics. Sample processing with high recovery and no contaminants is one key step. Here we developed a nanoparticle-aided nanoreactor for nanoproteomics (Nano3) technique for processing low-nanograms of mammalian cell proteins for proteome profiling. The Nano3 technique employed nanoparticles packed in a capillary channel to form a nanoreactor (≤30 nL) for concentrating, cleaning, and digesting proteins originally in a lysis buffer containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), followed by nanoRPLC-MS/MS analysis. The Nano3 method identified a 40-times higher number of proteins based on MS/MS from 2-ng mouse brain protein samples compared to the SP3 (single-pot solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation) method, which performed the sample processing using the nanoparticles in a 10 μL solution in an Eppendorf tube. The data indicates a drastically higher sample recovery of the Nano3 compared to the SP3 method for processing mass-limited proteome samples. In this pilot study, the Nano3 method was further applied in processing 10-1000 HeLa cells for bottom-up proteomics, producing 441 ± 263 (n = 4) (MS/MS) and 983 ± 292 (n = 4) [match between runs (MBR)+MS/MS] protein identifications from only 10 HeLa cells using a Q-Exactive HF mass spectrometer. The preliminary results render the Nano3 method a useful approach for processing few mammalian cells for proteome profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 United States
| | - Zhaoran Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 United States
| | - Daoyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 United States
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 United States
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 United States
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 United States
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Zhao Y, Jiang S, Bai Y, Huang X, Xiong B. 3D-Printed Microfluidic Nanoelectrospray Ionization Source Based on Hydrodynamic Focusing. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:897-903. [PMID: 33132231 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanoelectrospray ionization (nESI) mass spectrometry (MS) is an ideal detection method for microfluidic chips, and its performances depend on nESI emitters. However, the fabrication of monolithic nESI emitters in chips was difficult. Herein, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) printing method to develop a microfluidic nanoelectrospray ionization source (NIS), composed of a nESI emitter and other components. Firstly, the NIS was compatible with a 50 - 500 nL min-1 nanoflows by imposing 3D hydrodynamic focusing to compensate for the total flow rate, achieving a 7.2% best relative standard deviation in the total ion current (TIC) profiles. Additionally, it was applied to probe thirteen organic chemicals, insulin, and lysozyme with adequate signal-to-noise ratios and an accuracy of m/z between 9.02 × 10-1 and 1.48 × 103 ppm. Finally, the NIS achieved comparable limits of detection compared with its commercial counterpart. Considering the standardized preparation of NIS, it would be a potential option to develop 3D-printed customized Chip-MS platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University
| | - Shichang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University
| | - Yuna Bai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University
| | - Xueying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University
| | - Bo Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University
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8
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Non-aqueous electrophoresis integrated with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry on a thiol-ene polymer-based microchip device. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4195-4205. [PMID: 33954829 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) on microfluidic chips is still a comparatively little explored area, despite the inherent advantages of this technique and its application potential for, in particular, lipophilic compounds. A main reason is probably the fact that implementation of NACE on microchips largely precluded the use of polymeric substrate materials. Here, we report non-aqueous electrophoresis on a thiol-ene-based microfluidic chip coupled to mass spectrometry via an on-chip ESI interface. Microchips with an integrated ESI emitter were fabricated using a double-molding approach. The durability of thiol-ene, when exposed to different organic solvents, was investigated with respect to swelling and decomposition of the polymer. Thiol-ene exhibited good stability against organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, N-methylformamide, and formamide, which allows for a wide range of background electrolyte compositions. The integrated ESI emitter provided a stable spray with RSD% of the ESI signal ≤8%. Separation efficiency of the developed microchip electrophoresis system in different non-aqueous buffer solutions was tested with a mixture of several drugs of abuse. Ethanol- and methanol-based buffers provided comparable high theoretical plate numbers (≈ 6.6 × 104-1.6 × 105 m-1) with ethanol exhibiting the best separation efficiency. Direct coupling of non-aqueous electrophoresis to mass spectrometry allowed for fast analysis of hydrophobic compounds in the range of 0.1-5 μg mL-1 and 0.2-10 μg mL-1 and very good sensitivities (LOD ≈ 0.06-0.28 μg mL-1; LOQ ≈ 0.20-0.90 μg mL-1). The novel combination of non-aqueous CE on a microfluidic thiol-ene device and ESI-MS provides a mass-producible and highly versatile system for the analysis of, in particular, lipophilic compounds in a wide range of organic solvents. This offers promising potential for future applications in forensic, clinical, and environmental analysis. Graphical abstract.
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Yang Z, Sun L. Recent technical progress in sample preparation and liquid-phase separation-mass spectrometry for proteomic analysis of mass-limited samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1214-1225. [PMID: 33629703 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00171j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has enabled the identification and quantification of thousands of proteins from complex proteomes in a single experiment. However, its performance for mass-limited proteome samples (e.g., single cells and tissue samples from laser capture microdissection) is still not satisfying. The development of novel proteomic methodologies with better overall sensitivity is vital. During the last several years, substantial technical progress has been achieved for the preparation and liquid-phase separation-MS characterization of mass-limited proteome samples. In this review, we summarize recent technological progress of sample preparation, liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)-MS and MS instrumentation for bottom-up proteomics of trace biological samples, highlight some exciting applications of the novel techniques for single-cell proteomics, and provide a very brief perspective about the field at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Carter SSD, Atif AR, Kadekar S, Lanekoff I, Engqvist H, Varghese OP, Tenje M, Mestres G. PDMS leaching and its implications for on-chip studies focusing on bone regeneration applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ooc.2020.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Liu P, Huang Q, Khan M, Xu N, Yao H, Lin JM. Microfluidic Probe for In-Situ Extraction of Adherent Cancer Cells to Detect Heterogeneity Difference by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7900-7906. [PMID: 32366092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The pathological studies of cancer tissues and cell molecules could provide an early diagnosis for the treatment of cancer. In this work, we have designed a microfluidic surface extractor (MSE). The MSE has been coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (extraction reagent, methanol; optimum flow rate, 0.5 mL/h) to analyze the phospholipid content of different tumor cells. Three types of cancer cell lines, including A549 cells, HepG2 cells, and U87 cells, were investigated, and the principle component analysis (PCA: linear discriminant analysis (LDA), PC1 97.2%; PC2, 2.8%) was carried out to analyze the difference in the lipid contents. The LDA revealed heterogeneity among the cancer cells. The designed MSE could have potential applications in the clinical analysis of cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiushi Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mashooq Khan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongren Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Xu K, Liang Y, Piehowski PD, Dou M, Schwarz KC, Zhao R, Sontag RL, Moore RJ, Zhu Y, Kelly RT. Benchtop-compatible sample processing workflow for proteome profiling of < 100 mammalian cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4587-4596. [PMID: 30460388 PMCID: PMC6527493 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extending proteomics to smaller samples can enable the mapping of protein expression across tissues with high spatial resolution and can reveal sub-group heterogeneity. However, despite the continually improving sensitivity of LC-MS instrumentation, in-depth profiling of samples containing low-nanogram amounts of protein has remained challenging due to analyte losses incurred during preparation and analysis. To address this, we recently developed nanodroplet processing in one pot for trace samples (nanoPOTS), a robotic/microfluidic platform that generates ready-to-analyze peptides from cellular material in ~200 nL droplets with greatly reduced sample losses. In combination with ultrasensitive LC-MS, nanoPOTS has enabled >3000 proteins to be confidently identified from as few as 10 cultured human cells and ~700 proteins from single cells. However, the nanoPOTS platform requires a highly skilled operator and a costly in-house-built robotic nanopipetting instrument. In this work, we sought to evaluate the extent to which the benefits of nanodroplet processing could be preserved when upscaling reagent dispensing volumes by a factor of 10 to those addressable by commercial micropipette. We characterized the resulting platform, termed microdroplet processing in one pot for trace samples (μPOTS), for the analysis of as few as ~25 cultured HeLa cells (4 ng total protein) or 50 μm square mouse liver tissue thin sections and found that ~1800 and ~1200 unique proteins were respectively identified with high reproducibility. The reduced equipment requirements should facilitate broad dissemination of nanoproteomics workflows by obviating the need for a capital-intensive custom liquid handling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Xu
- W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yiran Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Paul D Piehowski
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Maowei Dou
- W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kaitlynn C Schwarz
- W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ryan L Sontag
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ying Zhu
- W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Ryan T Kelly
- W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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Zhu Y, Piehowski PD, Zhao R, Chen J, Shen Y, Moore RJ, Shukla AK, Petyuk VA, Campbell-Thompson M, Mathews CE, Smith RD, Qian WJ, Kelly RT. Nanodroplet processing platform for deep and quantitative proteome profiling of 10-100 mammalian cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:882. [PMID: 29491378 PMCID: PMC5830451 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03367-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale or single-cell technologies are critical for biomedical applications. However, current mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic approaches require samples comprising a minimum of thousands of cells to provide in-depth profiling. Here, we report the development of a nanoPOTS (nanodroplet processing in one pot for trace samples) platform for small cell population proteomics analysis. NanoPOTS enhances the efficiency and recovery of sample processing by downscaling processing volumes to <200 nL to minimize surface losses. When combined with ultrasensitive liquid chromatography-MS, nanoPOTS allows identification of ~1500 to ~3000 proteins from ~10 to ~140 cells, respectively. By incorporating the Match Between Runs algorithm of MaxQuant, >3000 proteins are consistently identified from as few as 10 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate quantification of ~2400 proteins from single human pancreatic islet thin sections from type 1 diabetic and control donors, illustrating the application of nanoPOTS for spatially resolved proteome measurements from clinical tissues. There is a great need of developing highly sensitive mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis for small cell populations. Here, the authors establish a robotically controlled chip-based nanodroplet processing platform and demonstrate its ability to profile the proteome from 10–100 mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Paul D Piehowski
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Anil K Shukla
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Martha Campbell-Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Ryan T Kelly
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
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14
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Hao Y, Bao Y, Huang X, Hu Y, Xiong B. On-line pre-treatment, separation, and nanoelectrospray mass spectrometric determinations for pesticide metabolites and peptides based on a modular microfluidic platform. RSC Adv 2018; 8:39811-39817. [PMID: 35558234 PMCID: PMC9091297 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08276f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to address time-consuming sample pre-treatment and separation prior to mass spectrometry (MS) identifications, highly integrated chips were developed, but damage to any functional unit in these chips would result in complete replacement. Herein, we propose a modular microfluidic platform comprising pre-treatment, liquid chromatography (LC) separation and nanoelectrospray ionization (nESI) chips for on-line enrichment, separation and nESI MS detection of pesticide metabolites and peptides. The pre-treatment chip is applicable in enriching pyridalyl and its metabolites, and it achieves optimal desalination efficiency, 98.5%, for polymerase chain reaction products. Additionally, the LC separation chip was fully characterised, and it demonstrated satisfactory separation efficiency, quantification ability and pressure durability. Finally, the modular microfluidic platform was used to identify the peptides in trypsin-digested casein. Four additional peptides were identified, indicating an improvement in detection ability compared with using off-line zip tips coupled with MS investigations. Because the proposed modular platform can significantly reduce manual work, it would be a potential tool to achieve high throughput and automatic MS identifications with low sample consumptions. A microfluidic platform, composed of enrichment, separation and nanoelectrospray ionization modulations was developed to on-line-investigate pesticide metabolites and peptides.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Hao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology
| | - Yajing Bao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Public Health and Molecular Medicine Analysis
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
| | - Xueying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Public Health and Molecular Medicine Analysis
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
| | - Yijun Hu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Public Health and Molecular Medicine Analysis
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
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15
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Tsao CW, Lei IC, Chen PY, Yang YL. A piezo-ring-on-chip microfluidic device for simple and low-cost mass spectrometry interfacing. Analyst 2018; 143:981-988. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01548h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) interfacing technology provides the means for incorporating microfluidic processing with post MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Tsao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan
- Taiwan
| | - I-Chao Lei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan
- Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yu Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
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16
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Multi-channel microfluidic chip coupling with mass spectrometry for simultaneous electro-sprays and extraction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17389. [PMID: 29234133 PMCID: PMC5727197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the advantages and research status of microfluidic chip coupling with mass spectrometry (MS), a microfluidic chip-based multi-channel ionization (MCMCI) for the extraction of untreated compounds in complex matrices without sample pretreatments was developed. Quantitative analysis of human urine spiked with various rhodamine B concentrations was also performed, and good linearity was obtained. Comparing to the macro ionization device, MCMCI significantly improved the integration of ionization source, simplified the operation of such a device, and greatly increased the signal intensity with much lower gas pressure. Comparison of our MCMCI with two and three gas channels indicated that the liquid–liquid extraction process before spraying and after spraying produced similar MS results. Moreover, this MCMCI with three gas channels also implemented simultaneous dual sprays with high DC voltages, the interference of two samples was minor and ion suppression effect was drastically alleviated. Such advantages may easily enable internal calibration for accurate mass measurement. Furthermore, dual extraction can be implemented by integrating such multi-spray configuration, which can improve the extracted signal intensity and sensitivity. These technologies open up new avenues for the application of microfluidic chip coupling with MS.
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17
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Zhan H, Chen Y, Liu Y, Lau W, Bao C, Li M, Lu Y, Mei J, Hui D. Precision-Trimming 2D Inverse-Opal Lattice on Elastomer to Ordered Nanostructures with Variable Size and Morphology. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:4881-4889. [PMID: 28459580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A low-cost and scalable method is developed for producing large-area elastomer surfaces having ordered nanostructures with a variety of lattice features controllable to nanometer precision. The method adopts the known technique of molding a PDMS precursor film with a close-packed monolayer of monodisperse submicron polystyrene beads on water to form an inverse-opal dimple lattice with the dimple size controlled by the bead selection and the dimple depth by the molding condition. The subsequent novel precision engineering of the inverse-opal lattice comprises trimming the PDMS precursor by a combination of polymer curing temperature/time and polymer dissolution parameters. The resultant ordered surface nanostructures, fabricated with an increasing degree of trimming, include (a) submicron hemispherical dimples with nanothin interdimple rims and walls; (b) nanocones with variable degrees of tip-sharpness by trimming off the top part of the nanothin interdimple walls; and (c) soup-plate-like submicron shallow dimples with interdimple rims and walls by anisotropically trimming off the nanocones and forming close-packed shallow dimples. As exemplars of industrial relevance of these lattice features, tunable Young's modulus and wettability are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhan
- Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D Center , Chengdu, 610207, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yanqiu Chen
- Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D Center , Chengdu, 610207, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Woonming Lau
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science & Technology Beijing , Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chao Bao
- Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D Center , Chengdu, 610207, China
| | - Minggan Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University , Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D Center , Chengdu, 610207, China
| | - Jun Mei
- Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D Center , Chengdu, 610207, China
| | - David Hui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of New Orleans , New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, United States
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18
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Tähkä SM, Bonabi A, Jokinen VP, Sikanen TM. Aqueous and non-aqueous microchip electrophoresis with on-chip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry on replica-molded thiol-ene microfluidic devices. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1496:150-156. [PMID: 28347516 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This work describes aqueous and non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis on thiol-ene-based microfluidic separation devices that feature fully integrated and sharp electrospray ionization (ESI) emitters. The chip fabrication is based on simple and low-cost replica-molding of thiol-ene polymers under standard laboratory conditions. The mechanical rigidity and the stability of the materials against organic solvents, acids and bases could be tuned by adjusting the respective stoichiometric ratio of the thiol and allyl ("ene") monomers, which allowed us to carry out electrophoresis separation in both aqueous and non-aqueous (methanol- and ethanol-based) background electrolytes. The stability of the ESI signal was generally ≤10% RSD for all emitters. The respective migration time repeatabilities in aqueous and non-aqueous background electrolytes were below 3 and 14% RSD (n=4-6, with internal standard). The analytical performance of the developed thiol-ene microdevices was shown in mass spectrometry (MS) based analysis of peptides, proteins, and small molecules. The theoretical plate numbers were the highest (1.2-2.4×104m-1) in ethanol-based background electrolytes. The ionization efficiency also increased under non-aqueous conditions compared to aqueous background electrolytes. The results show that replica-molding of thiol-enes is a feasible approach for producing ESI microdevices that perform in a stable manner in both aqueous and non-aqueous electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari M Tähkä
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Research Programme, Viikinkaari 5E, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ashkan Bonabi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Research Programme, Viikinkaari 5E, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ville P Jokinen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Tiina M Sikanen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Research Programme, Viikinkaari 5E, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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19
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Wang L, Wang Y, Jiang S, Ye M, Su P, Xiong B. Microfluidic nitrogen-assisted nanoelectrospray emitter: A monolithic interface for accurate mass measurements based on a single nozzle. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1470:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Forzano AV, Becirovic V, Martin RS, Edwards JL. Integrated Electrodes and Electrospray Emitter for Polymer Microfluidic Nanospray-MS Interface. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2016; 8:5152-5157. [PMID: 27818712 PMCID: PMC5091296 DOI: 10.1039/c6ay00197a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Interfacing of microfluidic devices to mass spectrometry has challenges including dilution from sheath liquid junctions, fragile electrodes, and excessive dead volumes which prevent optimum performance and common use. The goal of this work is to develop a stable nanospray chip-MS interface that contains easily integrated electrodes and an embedded capillary emitter to mitigate current chip-MS problems. This system uses a hybrid polystyrene-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PS-PDMS) microfluidic platform with an embedded electrode and integrated capillary emitter used as the nanospray interface. Two chip designs were used to evaluate the performance, illustrate on-chip reaction capabilities. By direct infusion, this system showed good performance with LODs of GSH and caffeine of 9 nM and 1 nM, R2 of 0.996 and 0.992 and sensitivity of 12 counts/nM and 332 counts/nM over a linear dynamic range of 40 nM to 50 μM and 1 to 50 μM respectively. A reaction was performed on the chip with syringe pumps showing the oxidation of glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) using H2O2. The on-chip reaction of GSH oxidation to GSSG, with online-MS detection, successfully demonstrate the stability and robustness of the nanospray interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Forzano
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, 63130 USA
| | - Vedada Becirovic
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, 63130 USA
| | - R. Scott Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, 63130 USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone +1 314 977 3624, ,
| | - James L. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, 63130 USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone +1 314 977 3624, ,
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21
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Yen GS, Edgar JS, Yoon SH, Huang Y, Heron SR, Chiu DT, Goodlett DR. Polydimethylsiloxane microchannel coupled to surface acoustic wave nebulization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1096-1100. [PMID: 27003047 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria S Yen
- Deurion LLC, Seattle, 3518 Frement Avenue #503, WA, 98103, USA
| | - J Scott Edgar
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sung Hwan Yoon
- University of Maryland, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20 N Pine Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yue Huang
- Deurion LLC, Seattle, 3518 Frement Avenue #503, WA, 98103, USA
| | - Scott R Heron
- Deurion LLC, Seattle, 3518 Frement Avenue #503, WA, 98103, USA
| | - Daniel T Chiu
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - David R Goodlett
- Deurion LLC, Seattle, 3518 Frement Avenue #503, WA, 98103, USA
- University of Maryland, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20 N Pine Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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22
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Cong Y, Katipamula S, Trader CD, Orton DJ, Geng T, Baker ES, Kelly RT. Mass spectrometry-based monitoring of millisecond protein-ligand binding dynamics using an automated microfluidic platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1544-8. [PMID: 27009517 PMCID: PMC4846533 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing protein-ligand binding dynamics is crucial for understanding protein function and for developing new therapeutic agents. We present a novel microfluidic platform that features rapid mixing of protein and ligand solutions, variable incubation times, and an integrated electrospray ionization source for mass spectrometry-based monitoring of protein-ligand binding dynamics. This platform offers many advantages, including solution-based binding, label-free detection, automated operation, rapid mixing, and low sample consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzheng Cong
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Shanta Katipamula
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Cameron D Trader
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Daniel J Orton
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Tao Geng
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Erin S Baker
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Ryan T Kelly
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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23
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Xiong B, Wang L, Wang Y, Bao Y, Jiang S, Ye M. Three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing microfluidic emitter: a strategy to inhibit sample ion expansion in nanoelectrospray ionization. Analyst 2016; 141:177-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01619c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A proposed 3D HFNE was used to generate a wrapped electrospray to achieve the inhibition of sample ion expansion, thus restraining injection loss in electrospray ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Yajing Bao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Shichang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Mingyue Ye
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
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24
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Yu C, Qian X, Chen Y, Yu Q, Ni K, Wang X. Microfluidic self-aspiration sonic-spray ionization chip with single and dual ionization channels for mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07959h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In consideration of the miniaturization, integration, and universal disadvantages of microfluidic chip-based ionization coupled with mass spectrometry, this study proposed a novel microfluidic self-aspiration sonic-spray ionization chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cilong Yu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xiang Qian
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Yan Chen
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Quan Yu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Kai Ni
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- China
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25
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Three-Dimensional Electro-Sonic Flow Focusing Ionization Microfluidic Chip for Mass Spectrometry. MICROMACHINES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/mi6121463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Feng X, Liu BF, Li J, Liu X. Advances in coupling microfluidic chips to mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:535-57. [PMID: 24399782 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology has shown advantages of low sample consumption, reduced analysis time, high throughput, and potential for integration and automation. Coupling microfluidic chips to mass spectrometry (Chip-MS) can greatly improve the overall analytical performance of MS-based approaches and expand their potential applications. In this article, we review the advances of Chip-MS in the past decade, covering innovations in microchip fabrication, microchips coupled to electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS. Development of integrated microfluidic systems for automated MS analysis will be further documented, as well as recent applications of Chip-MS in proteomics, metabolomics, cell analysis, and clinical diagnosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chromatography, Liquid/instrumentation
- Chromatography, Liquid/methods
- Electrophoresis, Microchip/instrumentation
- Electrophoresis, Microchip/methods
- Equipment Design
- Humans
- Lab-On-A-Chip Devices
- Lipids/analysis
- Metabolomics/instrumentation
- Metabolomics/methods
- Polysaccharides/analysis
- Proteins/analysis
- Proteomics/instrumentation
- Proteomics/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Feng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Xin Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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27
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Qian X, Xu J, Yu C, Chen Y, Yu Q, Ni K, Wang X. A reliable and simple method for fabricating a poly(dimethylsiloxane) electrospray ionization chip with a corner-integrated emitter. SENSORS 2015; 15:8931-44. [PMID: 25894936 PMCID: PMC4431197 DOI: 10.3390/s150408931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Monolithically integrated emitters have been increasingly applied to microfluidic devices that are coupled to mass spectrometers (MS) as electrospray ionization sources (ESI). A new method was developed to fabricate a duplicable structure which integrated the emitter into a poly(dimethylsiloxane) chip corner. Two photoresist layers containing a raised base which guaranteed the precise integration of the electrospray tip emitter and ensured that the cutting out of the tip exerted no influence even during repeated prototyping were used to ease the operation of the process. Highly stable ESI-MS performance was obtained and the results were compared with those of a commercial fused-silica capillary source. Furthermore, chip-to-chip and run-to-run results indicated both reliability and reproducibility during repeated fabrication. These results reveal that the proposed chip can provide an ideal ion source for MS across many applications, especially with the perspective to be widely used in portable MS during on-site analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qian
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Cilong Yu
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Quan Yu
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Kai Ni
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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28
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Wang X, Yi L, Mukhitov N, Schrell AM, Dhumpa R, Roper MG. Microfluidics-to-mass spectrometry: a review of coupling methods and applications. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1382:98-116. [PMID: 25458901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices offer great advantages in integrating sample processes, minimizing sample and reagent volumes, and increasing analysis speed, while mass spectrometry detection provides high information content, is sensitive, and can be used in quantitative analyses. The coupling of microfluidic devices to mass spectrometers is becoming more common with the strengths of both systems being combined to analyze precious and complex samples. This review summarizes select achievements published between 2010 and July 2014 in novel coupling between microfluidic devices and mass spectrometers. The review is subdivided by the types of ionization sources employed, and the different microfluidic systems used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Lian Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Nikita Mukhitov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Adrian M Schrell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Raghuram Dhumpa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Michael G Roper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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29
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Wang CW, Her GR. The development of a counterflow-assisted preconcentration technique in capillary electrophoresis electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1251-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Guor-Rong Her
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
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30
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Romanova EV, Aerts JT, Croushore CA, Sweedler JV. Small-volume analysis of cell-cell signaling molecules in the brain. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:50-64. [PMID: 23748227 PMCID: PMC3857641 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Modern science is characterized by integration and synergy between research fields. Accordingly, as technological advances allow new and more ambitious quests in scientific inquiry, numerous analytical and engineering techniques have become useful tools in biological research. The focus of this review is on cutting edge technologies that aid direct measurement of bioactive compounds in the nervous system to facilitate fundamental research, diagnostics, and drug discovery. We discuss challenges associated with measurement of cell-to-cell signaling molecules in the nervous system, and advocate for a decrease of sample volumes to the nanoliter volume regimen for improved analysis outcomes. We highlight effective approaches for the collection, separation, and detection of such small-volume samples, present strategies for targeted and discovery-oriented research, and describe the required technology advances that will empower future translational science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Romanova
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and the Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jordan T Aerts
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and the Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Callie A Croushore
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and the Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and the Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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31
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Sandison ME, Jensen KT, Gesellchen F, Cooper JM, Pitt AR. Magnetite-doped polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for phosphopeptide enrichment. Analyst 2014; 139:4974-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00750f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A moldable, reusable magnetite-doped polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate for phosphopeptide enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi E. Sandison
- Institute of Molecular
- Cell and Systems Biology
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow, UK
| | - K. Tveen Jensen
- School of Life and Health Science
- Aston University
- Birmingham, UK
| | - F. Gesellchen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow, UK
| | - J. M. Cooper
- School of Life and Health Science
- Aston University
- Birmingham, UK
| | - A. R. Pitt
- Division of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow, UK
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32
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Gao D, Liu H, Jiang Y, Lin JM. Recent advances in microfluidics combined with mass spectrometry: technologies and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3309-22. [PMID: 23824006 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50449b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Instrument miniaturization is one of the critical issues to improve sensitivity, speed, throughput, and to reduce the cost of analysis. Microfluidics possesses the ability to handle small sample amounts, with minimal concerns related to sample loss and cross-contamination, problems typical for standard fluidic manipulations. Moreover, the native properties of microfluidics provide the potential for high-density, parallel sample processing, and high-throughput analysis. Recently, the coupling of microfluidic devices to mass spectrometry, especially electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), has attracted an increasing interest and produced tremendous achievements. The interfaces between microfluidics and mass spectrometry are one of the primary focused problems. In this review, we summarize the latest achievements since 2008 in the field of the technologies and applications in the combining of microfluidics with ESI-MS and MALDI-MS. The integration of several analytical functions on a microfluidic device such as sample pretreatment and separations before sample introduction into the mass spectrometer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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33
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Wang CW, Her GR. Sheathless capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry interface based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) membrane emitter and thin conducting liquid film. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2538-45. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Guor-Rong Her
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
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34
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Sun X, Tang K, Smith RD, Kelly RT. Controlled dispensing and mixing of pico- to nanoliter volumes using on-demand droplet-based microfluidics. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2013; 15:117-126. [PMID: 23935562 PMCID: PMC3736999 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-012-1133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We present an integrated droplet-on-demand microfluidic platform for dispensing, mixing, incubating, extracting and analyzing by mass spectrometry pico- to nanoliter-sized droplets. All of the functional components are successfully integrated for the first time into a monolithic microdevice. Droplet generation is accomplished using computer-controlled pneumatic valves. Controlled actuation of valves for different aqueous streams enables accurate dosing and rapid mixing of reagents within droplets in either the droplet generation area or in a region of widening channel cross-section. Following incubation, which takes place as droplets travel in the oil stream, the droplet contents are extracted to an aqueous channel for subsequent ionization at an integrated nanoelectrospray emitter. Using the integrated platform, rapid enzymatic digestions of a model protein were carried out in droplets and detected on-line by nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Ryan T. Kelly
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
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35
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Liu D, Hakimi B, Volny M, Rolfs J, Chen X, Turecek F, Chiu DT. Controlled generation of double emulsions in air. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6190-4. [PMID: 23767768 DOI: 10.1021/ac400844p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This Letter describes the controlled generation of double emulsions in the gas phase, which was carried out using an integrated emitter in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic chip. The integrated emitter was formed using a molding approach, in which metal wires with desirable diameters were used as emitter molds. The generation of double emulsions in air was achieved with electrohydrodynamics actuation, which offers controllable force exerting on the double emulsions. We developed this capability for future integration of droplet microfluidics with mass spectrometry (MS), where each aqueous droplet in the microchannel is introduced into the gas phase as a double emulsion for subsequent ionization and MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingsheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-17000, USA
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36
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Kandiah M, Urban PL. Advances in ultrasensitive mass spectrometry of organic molecules. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5299-322. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35389c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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37
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Klepárník K. Recent advances in the combination of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry: From element to single-cell analysis. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:70-85. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Klepárník
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno; Czech Republic
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38
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Huang JL, Hsu RY, Her GR. The development of a sheathless capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry interface based on thin conducting liquid film. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Angel TE, Aryal UK, Hengel SM, Baker ES, Kelly RT, Robinson EW, Smith RD. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics: existing capabilities and future directions. Chem Soc Rev 2012. [PMID: 22498958 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15331a.mass] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is emerging as a broadly effective means for identification, characterization, and quantification of proteins that are integral components of the processes essential for life. Characterization of proteins at the proteome and sub-proteome (e.g., the phosphoproteome, proteoglycome, or degradome/peptidome) levels provides a foundation for understanding fundamental aspects of biology. Emerging technologies such as ion mobility separations coupled with MS and microchip-based-proteome measurements combined with MS instrumentation and chromatographic separation techniques, such as nanoscale reversed phase liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, show great promise for both broad undirected and targeted highly sensitive measurements. MS-based proteomics increasingly contribute to our understanding of the dynamics, interactions, and roles that proteins and peptides play, advancing our understanding of biology on a systems wide level for a wide range of applications including investigations of microbial communities, bioremediation, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Angel
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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40
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Scheeline A, Behrens RL. Potential of levitated drops to serve as microreactors for biophysical measurements. Biophys Chem 2012; 165-166:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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41
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Angel TE, Aryal UK, Hengel SM, Baker ES, Kelly RT, Robinson EW, Smith RD. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics: existing capabilities and future directions. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:3912-28. [PMID: 22498958 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is emerging as a broadly effective means for identification, characterization, and quantification of proteins that are integral components of the processes essential for life. Characterization of proteins at the proteome and sub-proteome (e.g., the phosphoproteome, proteoglycome, or degradome/peptidome) levels provides a foundation for understanding fundamental aspects of biology. Emerging technologies such as ion mobility separations coupled with MS and microchip-based-proteome measurements combined with MS instrumentation and chromatographic separation techniques, such as nanoscale reversed phase liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, show great promise for both broad undirected and targeted highly sensitive measurements. MS-based proteomics increasingly contribute to our understanding of the dynamics, interactions, and roles that proteins and peptides play, advancing our understanding of biology on a systems wide level for a wide range of applications including investigations of microbial communities, bioremediation, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Angel
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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42
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Sun X, Kelly RT, Tang K, Smith RD. Membrane-based emitter for coupling microfluidics with ultrasensitive nanoelectrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5797-803. [PMID: 21657269 PMCID: PMC3139426 DOI: 10.1021/ac200960h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An integrated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane-based microfluidic emitter for high-performance nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry has been fabricated and evaluated. The ∼100-μm-thick emitter was created by cutting a PDMS membrane that protrudes beyond the bulk substrate. The reduced surface area at the emitter enhances the electric field and reduces wetting of the surface by the electrospray solvent. As such, the emitter enables highly stable electrosprays at flow rates as low as 10 nL/min and is compatible with electrospray solvents containing a large organic component (e.g., 90% methanol). This approach enables facile emitter construction and provides excellent stability, reproducibility, and sensitivity as well as compatibility with multilayer soft lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Sun
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Ryan T. Kelly
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Keqi Tang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
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