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Shin Y, Kwak T, Whang K, Jo Y, Hwang JH, Hwang I, An HJ, Lim Y, Choi I, Kim D, Lee LP, Kang T. Bubble-free diatoms polymerase chain reaction. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115489. [PMID: 37402347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in small fluidic systems not only improves speed and sensitivity of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) amplification but also achieves high-throughput quantitative analyses. However, air bubble trapping and growth during PCR has been considered as a critical problem since it causes the failure of DNA amplification. Here we report bubble-free diatom PCR by exploiting a hierarchically porous silica structure of single-celled algae. We show that femtoliters of PCR solution can be spontaneously loaded into the diatom interior without air bubble trapping due to the surface hydrophilicity and pore structure of the diatom. We discover that a large pressure gradient between air bubbles and nanopores rapidly removes residual air bubbles through the periodically arrayed nanopores during thermal cycling. We demonstrate the DNA amplification by diatom PCR without air bubble trapping and growth. Finally, we successfully detect DNA fragments of SARS-CoV-2 with as low as 10 copies/μl by devising a microfluidic device integrated with diatoms assembly. We believe that our work can be applied to many PCR applications for innovative molecular diagnostics and provides new opportunities for naturally abundant diatoms to create innovative biomaterials in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghee Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea; Institute of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea; Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Taejin Kwak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Keumrai Whang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Yuseung Jo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ha Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Inhyeok Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ji An
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Youngwook Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Dongchoul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea.
| | - Luke P Lee
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
| | - Taewook Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea; Institute of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea.
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2
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Rodrigues RG, Condelipes PGM, Rosa RR, Chu V, Conde JP. Scalable Processing of Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC) Microfluidic Biochips. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1837. [PMID: 37893274 PMCID: PMC10609239 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics evolved with the appearance of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), an elastomer with a short processing time and the possibility for replication on a micrometric scale. Despite the many advantages of PDMS, there are well-known drawbacks, such as the hydrophobic surface, the absorption of small molecules, the low stiffness, relatively high cost, and the difficulty of scaling up the fabrication process for industrial production, creating a need for alternative materials. One option is the use of stiffer thermoplastics, such as the cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), which can be mass produced, have lower cost and possess excellent properties. In this work, a method to fabricate COC microfluidic structures was developed. The work was divided into process optimization and evaluation of material properties for application in microfluidics. In the processing step, moulding, sealing, and liquid handling aspects were developed and optimized. The resulting COC devices were evaluated from the point of view of molecular diffusion, burst pressure, temperature resistance, and susceptibility to surface treatments and these results were compared to PDMS devices. Lastly, a target DNA hybridization assay was performed showing the potential of the COC-based microfluidic device to be used in biosensing and Lab-on-a-Chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo G. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores—Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.G.R.); (P.G.M.C.); (R.R.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Pedro G. M. Condelipes
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores—Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.G.R.); (P.G.M.C.); (R.R.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Rafaela R. Rosa
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores—Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.G.R.); (P.G.M.C.); (R.R.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Virginia Chu
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores—Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.G.R.); (P.G.M.C.); (R.R.R.); (V.C.)
| | - João Pedro Conde
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores—Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.G.R.); (P.G.M.C.); (R.R.R.); (V.C.)
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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3
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Li Z, Wang Y, Gao Z, Sekine S, You Q, Zhuang S, Zhang D, Feng S, Yamaguchi Y. Lower fluidic resistance of double-layer droplet continuous flow PCR microfluidic chip for rapid detection of bacteria. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1251:340995. [PMID: 36925286 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid diagnosis of harmful microorganisms demonstrated its great importance for social health. Continuous flow PCR (CF-PCR) can realize rapid amplification of target genes by placing the microfluidic chip on heaters with different temperature. However, bubbles and evaporation always arise from heating, which makes the amplification not stable. Water-in-oil droplets running in CF-PCR microfluidic chip with uniform height takes long time because of the high resistance induced by long meandering microchannel. To overcome those drawbacks, we proposed a double-layer droplet CF-PCR microfluidic chip to reduce the fluidic resistance, and meanwhile nanoliter droplets were generated to minimize the bubbles and evaporation. RESULTS Experiments showed that (1) fluidic resistance could be reduced with the increase of the height of the serpentine microchannel if the height of the T-junction part was certain. (2) Running speed, the size and the number of generated droplets were positively correlated with the cross-sectional area of the T-junction and water pressure. (3) Droplet fusion happened at higher water pressure if other experimental conditions were the same. (4) 0.032 nL droplet was created if the cross-sectional area of T-junction and water pressure were 1600 μm2 (40 × 40 μm) and 7 kPa, respectively. Finally, we successfully amplified the target genes of Porphyromonas gingivalis within 11'16″ and observed the fluorescence from droplets. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY Such a microfluidic chip can effectively reduce the high resistance induced by long meandering microchannel, and greatly save time required for droplets CF-PCR. It offers a new way for the rapid detection of bacterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Key Lab of Optical Instruments and Equipment for Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Key Lab of Optical Instruments and Equipment for Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zehang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 510150, China
| | - Shinichi Sekine
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Qingxiang You
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Key Lab of Optical Instruments and Equipment for Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Key Lab of Optical Instruments and Equipment for Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Key Lab of Optical Instruments and Equipment for Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Shilun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
| | - Yoshinori Yamaguchi
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Key Lab of Optical Instruments and Equipment for Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China; Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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4
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Wang K, Sang B, He L, Guo Y, Geng M, Zheng D, Xu X, Wu W. Construction of dPCR and qPCR integrated system based on commercially available low-cost hardware. Analyst 2022; 147:3494-3503. [PMID: 35772342 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00694d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) and digital PCR (dPCR) are two mainstream nucleic acid quantification technologies. However, commercial dPCR and qPCR instruments have a low integration, a high price, and a large footprint. To solve these shortcomings, we introduce a compound PCR system with both qPCR and dPCR functions. All the hardware used in this compound PCR system is commercially available and low-cost, and free software was used to realize the absolute quantification of nucleic acids. The compound PCR provides two working modes. In the qPCR mode, thermal cycling is realized by controlling the reciprocating motion of the x axis. The heating rate is 1.25 °C s-1 and the cooling rate is 1.75 °C s-1. We performed amplification experiments of the PGEM-3zf (+)1 gene. The performance level was similar to commercial qPCR instruments. In the dPCR mode, the heating rate is 0.5 °C s-1 and the cooling rate is 0.6 °C s-1. We performed the UPE-Q gene amplification and used the sequential actions of the two-dimensional mechanical sliders to scan the reaction products and used the method of regional statistics and back-inference threshold to get test results. The result we got was 1208 copies per μL-1, which was similar to expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Wang
- Institute of biological and medical engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Benliang Sang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
| | - Limin He
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, China
| | - Mingkun Geng
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
| | - Dezhou Zheng
- College of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, China
| | - Wenming Wu
- Institute of biological and medical engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, China.
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5
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Lin YH, Liao XJ, Chang W, Chiou CC. Ultrafast DNA Amplification Using Microchannel Flow-Through PCR Device. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050303. [PMID: 35624604 PMCID: PMC9138433 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is limited by the long reaction time for point-of-care. Currently, commercial benchtop rapid PCR requires 30−40 min, and this time is limited by the absence of rapid and stable heating and cooling platforms rather than the biochemical reaction kinetics. This study develops an ultrafast PCR (<3 min) platform using flow-through microchannel chips. An actin gene amplicon with a length of 151 base-pairs in the whole genome was used to verify the ultrafast PCR microfluidic chip. The results demonstrated that the channel of 56 μm height can provide fast heat conduction and the channel length should not be short. Under certain denaturation and annealing/extension times, a short channel design will cause the sample to drive slowly in the microchannel with insufficient pressure in the channel, causing the fluid to generate bubbles in the high-temperature zone and subsequently destabilizing the flow. The chips used in the experiment can complete 40 thermal cycles within 160 s through a design with the 56 µm channel height and with each thermal circle measuring 4 cm long. The calculation shows that the DNA extension speed is ~60 base-pairs/s, which is consistent with the theoretical speed of the Klen Taq extension used, and the detection limit can reach 67 copies. The heat transfer time of the reagent on this platform is very short. The simple chip design and fabrication are suitable for the development of commercial ultrafast PCR chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Heng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Xiang-Jun Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Wei Chang
- Master and PhD Program in Biotechnology Industry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chiuan-Chian Chiou
- Master and PhD Program in Biotechnology Industry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (C.-C.C.)
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6
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Zhang Z, Zhao S, Jiang L, Wu J, Zhao W, Guo X, Peng N, Hu F. A sample-to-answer DNA detection microfluidic system integrating sample pretreatment and smartphone-readable gradient plasmonic photothermal continuous-flow PCR. Analyst 2022; 147:4876-4887. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00908k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a microfluidic system integrating sample pretreatment and smartphone-readable gradient plasmonic photothermal continuous-flow PCR, paving the way for low-cost and rapid implementation of PCR diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 99, Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Shuhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 99, Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 99, Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Junjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 99, Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Wenhan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 99, Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoniu Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 99, Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Niancai Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 99, Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Fei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 99, Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
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7
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Cloud-Based Software Architecture for Fully Automated Point-of-Care Molecular Diagnostic Device. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21216980. [PMID: 34770286 PMCID: PMC8587904 DOI: 10.3390/s21216980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a cloud-based software architecture for fully automated point-of-care molecular diagnostic devices. The target system operates a cartridge consisting of an extraction body for DNA extraction and a PCR chip for amplification and fluorescence detection. To facilitate control and monitoring via the cloud, a socket server was employed for fundamental molecular diagnostic functions such as DNA extraction, amplification, and fluorescence detection. The user interface for experimental control and monitoring was constructed with the RESTful application programming interface, allowing access from the terminal device, edge, and cloud. Furthermore, it can also be accessed through any web-based user interface on smart computing devices such as smart phones or tablets. An emulator with the proposed software architecture was fabricated to validate successful operation.
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8
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Cost-Effective Multiplex Fluorescence Detection System for PCR Chip. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21216945. [PMID: 34770252 PMCID: PMC8588286 DOI: 10.3390/s21216945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The lack of portability and high cost of multiplex real-time PCR systems limits the device to be used in POC. To overcome this issue, this paper proposes a compact and cost-effective fluorescence detection system that can be integrated to a multiplex real-time PCR equipment. An open platform camera with embedded lens was used instead of photodiodes or an industrial camera. A compact filter wheel using a sliding tape is integrated, and the excitation LEDs are fixed at a 45° angle near the PCR chip, eliminating the need of additional filter wheels. The results show precise positioning of the filter wheel with an error less than 20 μm. Fluorescence detection results using a reference dye and standard DNA amplification showed comparable performance to that of the photodiode system.
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9
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An J, Jiang Y, Shi B, Wu D, Wu W. Low-Cost Battery-Powered and User-Friendly Real-Time Quantitative PCR System for the Detection of Multigene. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11040435. [PMID: 32326194 PMCID: PMC7231343 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the standard for nucleic acid detection and plays an important role in many fields. A new chip design is proposed in this study to avoid the use of expensive instruments for hydrophobic treatment of the surface, and a new injection method solves the issue of bubbles formed during the temperature cycle. We built a battery-powered real-time PCR device to follow polymerase chain reaction using fluorescence detection and developed an independently designed electromechanical control system and a fluorescence analysis software to control the temperature cycle, the photoelectric detection coupling, and the automatic analysis of the experimental data. The microchips and the temperature cycling system cost USD 100. All the elements of the device are available through open access, and there are no technical barriers. The simple structure and manipulation allows beginners to build instruments and perform PCR tests after only a short tutorial. The device is used for analysis of the amplification curve and the melting curve of multiple target genes to demonstrate that our instrument has the same accuracy and stability as a commercial instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (J.A.); (Y.J.); (B.S.); (D.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (J.A.); (Y.J.); (B.S.); (D.W.)
| | - Bing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (J.A.); (Y.J.); (B.S.); (D.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (J.A.); (Y.J.); (B.S.); (D.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (J.A.); (Y.J.); (B.S.); (D.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-8670-8159
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10
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Wu D, Shi B, Li B, Wu W. A Novel Self-Activated Mechanism for Stable Liquid Transportation Capable of Continuous-Flow and Real-time Microfluidic PCRs. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E350. [PMID: 31141967 PMCID: PMC6630683 DOI: 10.3390/mi10060350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The self-activated micropump capable of velocity-stable transport for both single-phased plug and double-phased droplet through long flow distance inside 3D microchannel is one dream of microfluidic scientists. While several types of passive micropumps have been developed based on different actuation mechanisms, until today, it is still one bottleneck to realize such a satisfied self-activated micropump for the stable delivery of both single and double-phased liquid inside long microchannel (e.g., several meters), due to the lack of innovative mechanism in previous methods. To solve this problem, in this article, we propose a new self-activated pumping mechanism. Herein, an end-opened gas-impermeable quartz capillary is utilized for passive transport. Mechanism of this micropump is systemically studied by both the mathematical modeling and the experimental verifications. Based on the flow assays, it totally confirmed a different pumping principle in this paper, as compared with our previous works. The R2 value of the overall flow rates inside the 3D microchannel is confirmed as high as 0.999, which is much more homogeneous than other passive pumping formats. Finally, this novel micropump is applied to continuous-flow real-time PCRs (both plug-type and microdroplet-type), with the amplification efficiency reaching 91.5% of the commercial PCR cycler instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Bing Shi
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenming Wu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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11
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Wu D, Wu W. Battery Powered Portable Thermal Cycler for Continuous-Flow Polymerase Chain Reaction Diagnosis by Single Thermostatic Thermoelectric Cooler and Open-Loop Controller. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19071609. [PMID: 30987195 PMCID: PMC6479314 DOI: 10.3390/s19071609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Temperature control is the most important and fundamental part of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To date, there have been several methods to realize the periodic heating and cooling of the thermal-cycler system for continuous-flow PCR reactions, and three of them were widely used: the thermo-cycled thermoelectric cooler (TEC), the heating block, and the thermostatic heater. In the present study, a new approach called open-loop controlled single thermostatic TEC was introduced to control the thermal cycle during the amplification process. Differing from the former three methods, the size of this microdevice is much smaller, especially when compared to the microdevice used in the heating block method. Furthermore, the rising and cooling speed of this method is much rapider than that in a traditional TEC cycler, and is nearly 20-30% faster than a single thermostatic heater. Thus, a portable PCR system was made without any external heat source, and only a Teflon tube-wrapped TEC chip was used to achieve the continuous-flow PCR reactions. This provides an efficient way to reduce the size of the system and simplify it. In addition, through further experiments, the microdevice is not only found to be capable of amplification of a PCR product from Human papillomavirus type 49 (Genbank ref: X74480.1) and Rubella virus (RUBV), but also enables clinical diagnostics, such as a test for hepatitis B virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Wenming Wu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130000, China.
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12
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Jiang Y, Wu G, Li Y, Wu W. Diameter-definable tubing-microchips for applications in both continuous-flow and TEC-modulated on-chip qPCRs with reaction signal analyzed between different types of Teflon-polymers: PTFE and FEP. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2650-2656. [PMID: 35520483 PMCID: PMC9059869 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09773a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the tubing microfluidic system has attracted significant research interest because it waives complicated microfabrication machineries and bonding procedures during the manufacture of microchips; however, due to the limited dimensions in the market, the commercially available micro-tubes are generally fixed in diameters and are unmodifiable in radius; this makes it a challenge to obtain a randomly defined channel-dimension for a tubing microsystem. To solve this problem, herein, we proposed a novel and simple method to obtain a tubing-channel with gradually changed diameter. Both the tensile forces and spectrophotometric properties have been analyzed in this study for systemic characterization; as a proof-of-concept, the inner diameter (ID) of a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) tube has been modified from 0.5 mm to 0.3 mm, and the FEP tube has been further applied to both the thermoelectric (TEC)-modulated on-chip polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) and the continuous flow on-chip PCRs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that an FEP tube with so small ID has been applied to on-chip qPCRs. Based on the comparison with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) regarding the fluorescence signal inside the tube, it can be verified that FEP has much better detection sensitivity than PTFE although these two materials are reckoned to be belonging to the same type of polymer family, generally referred to as Teflon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130033China
| | - Guizhu Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University38 Tongyan RdTianjin 300350China
| | - Yuanming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130033China
| | - Wenming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130033China
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13
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One-step DNA purification and amplification on an integrated plastic microdevice for on-site identification of foodborne pathogens. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1040:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Shi B, He G, Wu W. A PCR microreactor machinery with passive micropump and battery-powered heater for thermo-cycled amplifications of clinical-level and multiplexed DNA targets. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:467. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Lee NY. A review on microscale polymerase chain reaction based methods in molecular diagnosis, and future prospects for the fabrication of fully integrated portable biomedical devices. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:285. [PMID: 29736588 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the advent of microfabrication technology and soft lithography, the lab-on-a-chip concept has emerged as a state-of-the-art miniaturized tool for conducting the multiple functions associated with micro total analyses of nucleic acids, in series, in a seamless manner with a miniscule volume of sample. The enhanced surface-to-volume ratio inside a microchannel enables fast reactions owing to increased heat dissipation, allowing rapid amplification. For this reason, PCR has been one of the first applications to be miniaturized in a portable format. However, the nature of the basic working principle for microscale PCR, such as the complicated temperature controls and use of a thermal cycler, has hindered its total integration with other components into a micro total analyses systems (μTAS). This review (with 179 references) surveys the diverse forms of PCR microdevices constructed on the basis of different working principles and evaluates their performances. The first two main sections cover the state-of-the-art in chamber-type PCR microdevices and in continuous-flow PCR microdevices. Methods are then discussed that lead to microdevices with upstream sample purification and downstream detection schemes, with a particular focus on rapid on-site detection of foodborne pathogens. Next, the potential for miniaturizing and automating heaters and pumps is examined. The review concludes with sections on aspects of complete functional integration in conjunction with nanomaterial based sensing, a discussion on future prospects, and with conclusions. Graphical abstract In recent years, thermocycler-based PCR systems have been miniaturized to palm-sized, disposable polymer platforms. In addition, operational accessories such as heaters and mechanical pumps have been simplified to realize semi-automatted stand-alone portable biomedical diagnostic microdevices that are directly applicable in the field. This review summarizes the progress made and the current state of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea.
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16
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Wu W. A pressure-driven gas-diffusion/permeation micropump for self-activated sample transport in an extreme micro-environment. Analyst 2018; 143:4819-4835. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01120f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pressure-driven gas-diffusion/permeation micropump is highlighted for stable microdroplet/liquid delivery under extreme conditions,e.g.high temperature, and a three-dimensional, long-distance and complex-topology microchannel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics
- Changchun Institute of Optics
- Fine Mechanics and Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
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17
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Basha IHK, Ho ETW, Yousuff CM, Hamid NHB. Towards Multiplex Molecular Diagnosis-A Review of Microfluidic Genomics Technologies. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E266. [PMID: 30400456 PMCID: PMC6190060 DOI: 10.3390/mi8090266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive and specific pathogen diagnosis is essential for correct and timely treatment of infectious diseases, especially virulent strains, in people. Point-of-care pathogen diagnosis can be a tremendous help in managing disease outbreaks as well as in routine healthcare settings. Infectious pathogens can be identified with high specificity using molecular methods. A plethora of microfluidic innovations in recent years have now made it increasingly feasible to develop portable, robust, accurate, and sensitive genomic diagnostic devices for deployment at the point of care. However, improving processing time, multiplexed detection, sensitivity and limit of detection, specificity, and ease of deployment in resource-limited settings are ongoing challenges. This review outlines recent techniques in microfluidic genomic diagnosis and devices with a focus on integrating them into a lab on a chip that will lead towards the development of multiplexed point-of-care devices of high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hussain Kamal Basha
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Eric Tatt Wei Ho
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Caffiyar Mohamed Yousuff
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Hisham Bin Hamid
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
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18
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Trinh KTL, Wu W, Lee NY. Fabrication of a 3D Teflon microdevice for energy free homogeneous liquid flow inside a long microchannel and its application to continuous-flow PCR. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28765d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3D spiral PTFE microdevice was fabricated for performing continuous-flow PCR using a single heater and via semi-automated sample injection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieu The Loan Trinh
- Department of BioNano Technology
- College of BioNano Technology
- Gachon University
- Seongnam-si
- Korea
| | - Wenming Wu
- Department of BioNano Technology
- College of BioNano Technology
- Gachon University
- Seongnam-si
- Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology
- College of BioNano Technology
- Gachon University
- Seongnam-si
- Korea
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19
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Hung MS, Ho CC, Chen CP. Laser-induced heating integrated with a microfluidic platform for real-time DNA replication and detection. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:87003. [PMID: 27533446 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.8.087003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a microfluidic platform for replicating and detecting DNA in real time by integrating a laser and a microfluidic device composed of polydimethylsiloxane. The design of the microchannels consisted of a laser-heating area and a detection area. An infrared laser was used as the heating source for DNA replication, and the laser power was adjusted to heat the solutions directly. In addition, strong biotin–avidin binding was used to capture and detect the replicated products. The biotin on one end was bound to avidin and anchored to the surface of the microchannels, whereas the biotin on the other end was bound to the quantum dots (Qdots). The results showed that the fluorescent intensity of the Qdots bound to the replicated products in the detection area increased with the number of thermal cycles created by the laser. When the number of thermal cycles was ≥10, the fluorescent intensity of the Qdots was directly detectable on the surface of the microchannels. The proposed method is more sensitive than detection methods entailing gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sheng Hung
- National Chiayi University, Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, No. 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chin Ho
- Chip Win Technology Co., Ltd., Biomedical and Advanced Systems Integration, No. 18 Sec. 2, Seng Yi Road, Zhubei City, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Pin Chen
- National Chiayi University, Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, No. 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
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20
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Parallel-processing continuous-flow device for optimization-free polymerase chain reaction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6751-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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21
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Wu W, Guijt RM, Silina YE, Koch M, Manz A. Plant leaves as templates for soft lithography. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25890a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex microvascular venation patterns of natural leaves are replicated into PDMS replicas, which allows for a leakage-tight seal with a flat substrate despite the surface topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Wu
- Mechatronics Department
- University of Saarland
- Germany
- KIST Europe GmbH
- Saarbrücken
| | - Rosanne M. Guijt
- School of Medicine and ACROSS
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart
- Australia
| | | | - Marcus Koch
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials
- Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - Andreas Manz
- Mechatronics Department
- University of Saarland
- Germany
- KIST Europe GmbH
- Saarbrücken
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22
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Ha ML, Lee NY. Miniaturized polymerase chain reaction device for rapid identification of genetically modified organisms. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Wu W, Wu J, Kim JH, Lee NY. Instantaneous room temperature bonding of a wide range of non-silicon substrates with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomer mediated by a mercaptosilane. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2819-25. [PMID: 26014886 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00285k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces an instantaneous and robust strategy for bonding a variety of non-silicon substrates such as thermoplastics, metals, an alloy, and ceramics to poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) irreversibly, mediated by one-step chemical modification using a mercaptosilane at room temperature followed by corona treatment to realize heterogeneous assembly also at room temperature. The mercapto functional group is one of the strongest nucleophiles, and it can instantaneously react with electrophiles of substrates, resulting in an alkoxysilane-terminated substrate at room temperature. In this way, prior oxidation of the substrate is dispensed with, and the alkoxysilane-terminated substrate can be readily oxidized and irreversibly bonded with oxidized PDMS at room temperature. A commercially available Tesla coil was used for surface oxidation, replacing a bulky and expensive plasma generator. Surface characterization was conducted by water contact angle measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. A total of fifteen non-silicon substrates including polycarbonate (PC), two types of poly(vinylchloride) (PVC), poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), polyimide (PI), two types of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polypropylene (PP), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), brass, alumina (Al2O3), and zirconia (ZrO2) were bonded successfully with PDMS using this method, and the bond strengths of PDMS-PMMA, PDMS-PC, PDMS-PVC, PDMS-PET, PDMS-Al, and PDMS-Cu assemblies were measured to be approximately 335.9, 511.4, 467.3, 476.4, 282.2, and 236.7 kPa, respectively. The overall processes including surface modification followed by surface oxidation using corona treatment for bonding were realized within 12 to 17 min for most of the substrates tested except for ceramics which required 1 h for the bonding. In addition, large area (10 × 10 cm(2)) bonding was also successfully realized, ensuring the high reliability and stability of the introduced method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Wu
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Korea.
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24
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Wu W, Manz A. Rapid manufacture of modifiable 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) microstructures for capillary force-driven fluidic velocity control. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13407b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2.5D multilevel microchannel as thin as 500 μm is fabricated through multi-layer-tape lithography. Capillary force-driven flow velocity increases from 0.03 μL s−1 to 0.39 μL s−1 as multilevel microchannel height increases from 100 μm to 400 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Wu
- Mechatronics Department
- University of Saarland
- Saarbrücken
- Germany
- KIST Europe
| | - Andreas Manz
- Mechatronics Department
- University of Saarland
- Saarbrücken
- Germany
- KIST Europe
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25
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Wu W, Trinh KTL, Zhang Y, Yoon Lee N. Portable plastic syringe as a self-actuated pump for long-distance uniform delivery of liquid inside a microchannel and its application for flow-through polymerase chain reaction on chip. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15473h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A strategy for realizing self-actuated pumping with uniform flow rate over a long distance is introduced using hands-on operation of disposable syringe, and was applied for on-chip flow-through PCR inside a serpentine PMMA microchannel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Wu
- Department of BioNano Technology
- Gachon University
- Seongnam-si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kieu The Loan Trinh
- Department of BioNano Technology
- Gachon University
- Seongnam-si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of BioNano Technology
- Gachon University
- Seongnam-si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology
- Gachon University
- Seongnam-si
- Republic of Korea
- Gil Medical Center
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26
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Wu W, Trinh KTL, Lee NY. Flow-through polymerase chain reaction inside a seamless 3D helical microreactor fabricated utilizing a silicone tube and a paraffin mold. Analyst 2015; 140:1416-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01675k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Seamless 3D helical silicone tube microreactors were fabricated for performing flow-through PCR employing a single hot plate and a portable micropump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Wu
- Department of BioNano Technology
- Gachon University
- Seongnam-si
- Korea
| | | | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology
- Gachon University
- Seongnam-si
- Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute
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27
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Jiang L, Mancuso M, Lu Z, Akar G, Cesarman E, Erickson D. Solar thermal polymerase chain reaction for smartphone-assisted molecular diagnostics. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4137. [PMID: 24553130 PMCID: PMC3929917 DOI: 10.1038/srep04137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based diagnostic techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are used extensively in medical diagnostics due to their high sensitivity, specificity and quantification capability. In settings with limited infrastructure and unreliable electricity, however, access to such devices is often limited due to the highly specialized and energy-intensive nature of the thermal cycling process required for nucleic acid amplification. Here we integrate solar heating with microfluidics to eliminate thermal cycling power requirements as well as create a simple device infrastructure for PCR. Tests are completed in less than 30 min, and power consumption is reduced to 80 mW, enabling a standard 5.5 Wh iPhone battery to provide 70 h of power to this system. Additionally, we demonstrate a complete sample-to-answer diagnostic strategy by analyzing human skin biopsies infected with Kaposi's Sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) through the combination of solar thermal PCR, HotSHOT DNA extraction and smartphone-based fluorescence detection. We believe that exploiting the ubiquity of solar thermal energy as demonstrated here could facilitate broad availability of nucleic acid-based diagnostics in resource-limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Matthew Mancuso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Zhengda Lu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Gunkut Akar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Ethel Cesarman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - David Erickson
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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28
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Pressure-driven one-step solid phase-based on-chip sample preparation on a microfabricated plastic device and integration with flow-through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 936:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Recent Progress in Lab-on-a-Chip Technology and Its Potential Application to Clinical Diagnoses. Int Neurourol J 2013; 17:2-10. [PMID: 23610705 PMCID: PMC3627994 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2013.17.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the construction of the lab-on-a-chip (LOC) system, a state-of-the-art technology that uses polymer materials (i.e., poly[dimethylsiloxane]) for the miniaturization of conventional laboratory apparatuses, and show the potential use of these microfluidic devices in clinical applications. In particular, we introduce the independent unit components of the LOC system and demonstrate how each component can be functionally integrated into one monolithic system for the realization of a LOC system. In specific, we demonstrate microscale polymerase chain reaction with the use of a single heater, a microscale sample injection device with a disposable plastic syringe and a strategy for device assembly under environmentally mild conditions assisted by surface modification techniques. In this way, we endeavor to construct a totally integrated, disposable microfluidic system operated by a single mode, the pressure, which can be applied on-site with enhanced device portability and disposability and with simple and rapid operation for medical and clinical diagnoses, potentially extending its application to urodynamic studies in molecular level.
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30
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Terrell JL, Gordonov T, Cheng Y, Wu HC, Sampey D, Luo X, Tsao CY, Ghodssi R, Rubloff GW, Payne GF, Bentley WE. Integrated biofabrication for electro-addressed in-film bioprocessing. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:428-39. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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31
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Wu W, Loan Trinh KT, Lee NY. Flow-through PCR on a 3D qiandu-shaped polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microdevice employing a single heater: toward microscale multiplex PCR. Analyst 2012; 137:2069-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35077g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Wu W, Trinh KTL, Lee NY. Hand-held syringe as a portable plastic pump for on-chip continuous-flow PCR: miniaturization of sample injection device. Analyst 2012; 137:983-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an15860d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Three-dimensional on-chip continuous-flow polymerase chain reaction employing a single heater. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2053-60. [PMID: 21479543 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Multi-step temperature control in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a limiting factor in device miniaturization and portability. In this study, we propose the fabrication of a three-dimensional (3D) microdevice employing a single heater to minimize temperature control required for an on-chip continuous-flow PCR as well as the overall footprint by stacking the device in multi-layers. Two poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) layers with differing thicknesses are vertically stacked with their microchannel-engraved sides facing down. Through-holes are made in the thicker PDMS layer, which is sandwiched between a glass substrate at the bottom and the thinner PDMS layer at the top. In this way, a fluidic conduit is realized in a 3D configuration. The assembled 3D microdevice is then placed onto a heater glass-side down. The interface of the two PDMS layers displays a relatively lower temperature than that of the PDMS and glass layers due to the low thermal conductivity of the PDMS and its physical distance from the heater. The denaturation temperature can be controlled by adjusting the temperature of the heater, while the annealing/extension temperature can be controlled automatically by molding the thicker bottom PDMS layer into the appropriate thickness calculated using a numerical derivation proposed in this study. In this way, a cumbersome temperature measurement step is eliminated. DNA amplification was successfully carried out using the proposed 3D fluidic microdevice, and the intensity of the resulting amplicon was comparable to that obtained using a thermal cycler. This novel concept of adopting a single heating source greatly simplifies the temperature control issue present in an on-chip continuous-flow PCR. It also allows the use of a commercialized hot plate as a potential heat source, paving the way for device miniaturization and portability in a highly cost-effective manner. In this study, a simple and facile technique to make arrays of through-holes for the fluidic interconnection inside a 3D channel configuration is also addressed.
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