1
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Villani S, Imperio D, Panza L, Confalonieri L, Fallarini S, Aprile S, Del Grosso E. Exploring the pharmaceutical potential of ammonium organotrifluoroborate functional group: Comprehensive chemical, metabolic, and plasma stability evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 279:116844. [PMID: 39260320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Boronated carbohydrate derivatives have good potential for targeting malignant cells in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) due to their preferential glucose uptake. In particular, with the introduction of the ammonium trifluoroborate moiety, boronated sugars can function as both BNCT agents and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracers. Their 18F radiolabeling allows real-time tracking of biodistribution. This study evaluates the chemical, metabolic, and plasma stability of ammonium trifluoroborates for pharmaceutical purposes using LC-HRMS, presenting stability data under various conditions -acidic, basic, pseudophysiological, and oxidative- and highlighting degradation products and mechanisms. The data are supported by 1H NMR and 19F NMR. Metabolic and plasma stabilities, along with preliminary toxicological data (MTT assays), are also provided to better predict the clinical applicability of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Villani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Imperio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luigi Panza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Laura Confalonieri
- Carbon Bionanotechnology Group - CICbiomaGUNE, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gipuzkoa, Paseo Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia - San Sebastián Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Silvia Fallarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Erika Del Grosso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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2
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Huang K, Bashian EE, Zong G, Nycholat CM, McBride R, Gomozkova M, Wang S, Huang C, Chapla DG, Schmidt EN, Macauley M, Moremen KW, Paulson JC, Wang LX. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Sulfated N-Glycans Recognized by Siglecs and Other Glycan-Binding Proteins. JACS AU 2024; 4:2966-2978. [PMID: 39211606 PMCID: PMC11350573 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Sulfated N-glycans are present in many glycoproteins, which are implicated in playing important roles in biological recognition processes. Here, we report the systematic chemoenzymatic synthesis of a library of sulfated and sialylated biantennary N-glycans and assess their binding to Siglecs and glycan-specific antibodies that recognize them as glycan ligands. The combined use of three human sulfotransferases, GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferase (CHST2), Gal-3-O-sulfotransferase (Gal3ST1), and keratan sulfate Gal-6-O-sulfotransferase (CHST1), resulted in asymmetric and symmetric branch-selective sulfation of the GlcNAc and/or Gal moieties of N-glycans. The extension of the sugar chain using α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialyltransferases afforded the sulfated and sialylated N-glycans. These synthetic glycans with different patterns of sulfation and sialylation were evaluated for binding to selected Siglecs and sulfoglycan-specific antibodies using glycan microarrays. The results confirm previously documented glycan-recognizing properties and further reveal novel specificities for these glycan-binding proteins, demonstrating the utility of the library for assessing the specificity of glycan-binding proteins recognizing sulfated and sialylated glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Eleanor E. Bashian
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Guanghui Zong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Corwin M. Nycholat
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan McBride
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Margaryta Gomozkova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Shengyang Wang
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chin Huang
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Digantkumar G. Chapla
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Edward N. Schmidt
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Matthew Macauley
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Kelley W. Moremen
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - James C. Paulson
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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3
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Bonab MKF, Guo Z, Li Q. Glycosphingolipids: from metabolism to chemoenzymatic total synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6665-6683. [PMID: 39120686 PMCID: PMC11341264 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00695j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
GSLs are the major glycolipids in vertebrates and mediate many key biological processes from intercellular recognition to cis regulation of signal transduction. The fast-expanding field of glycobiology has led to a growing demand for diverse and structurally defined GSLs, and enzymatic GSL synthesis is developing rapidly in accordance. This article provides an overview of natural GSL biosynthetic pathways and surveys the bacterial enzymes applied to GSL synthesis and recent progress in synthesis strategies. By correlating these three areas, this article aims to define the gaps between GSL biosynthesis and chemoenzymatic synthesis and evaluate the opportunities for harnessing natural forces to access GSLs efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra K F Bonab
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA.
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA.
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4
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Fan H, Huang G, Guo Q, Ma J, Huang Y, Huang S, Wei M, Xie C, Yan B, Zhao S, Chen G, Zheng J, Zhou Z, Gao H. Bioactive Phenylpropanoid Glycosides, Dimers, and Heterodimers from the Bark of Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:16263-16275. [PMID: 38953591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Six new phenylpropanoid glycosides (1-6), two new phenylethanol glycosides (7 and 8), one new phenylmethanol glycoside (9), three new phenylpropanoid dimers (10-12), two new phenylpropanoid-flavan-3-ol heterodimers (13 and 14), and six known relevant compounds (15-20) were isolated and identified from the well-liked edible and medicinal substance (the bark of Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl). The structures of these isolates were determined by using spectroscopic analyses, chemical methods, and quantum chemical calculations. Notably, compounds 4-9 were rare apiuronyl-containing glycosides, and compounds 13 and 14 were heterodimers of phenylpropanoids and flavan-3-ols linked through C-9″-C-8 bonds. The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of all isolates were evaluated. Compounds 10 and 12 exhibited DPPH radical scavenging capacities with IC50 values of 20.1 and 13.0 μM, respectively (vitamin C IC50 value of 14.3 μM). In the ORAC experiment, all these compounds exhibited different levels of capacity for scavenging free radicals, and compound 10 displayed extraordinary free radical scavenging capacity with the ORAC value of 6.42 ± 0.01 μM TE/μM (EGCG ORAC value of 1.54 ± 0.02 μM TE/μM). Compound 12 also showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 56.3 μM (acarbose IC50 of 519.4 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Fan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengfeng Huang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Huang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangxiong Huang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiwen Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihong Xie
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Yan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Suqing Zhao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxia Zheng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengqun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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5
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Yang X, Mishra B, Yu H, Wei Y, Chen X. A bifunctional Pasteurella multocida β1-3-galactosyl/ N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (PmNatB) for the highly efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of disaccharides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6004-6015. [PMID: 38993172 PMCID: PMC11290465 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00889h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are nature's key biocatalysts for the formation of glycosidic bonds. Discovery and characterization of new synthetically useful glycosyltransferases are critical for the development of efficient enzymatic and chemoenzymatic strategies for producing complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. Herein we report the identification of Pasteurella multocida PmNatB as a bifunctional single-catalytic-domain glycosyltransferase with both β1-3-galactosyltransferase and β1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activities. It is a novel glycosyltransferase for constructing structurally diverse GalNAcβ3Galα/βOR and Galβ3GalNAcα/βOR disaccharides in one-pot multienzyme systems with in situ generation of UDP-sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | - Bijoyananda Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | - Yijun Wei
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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6
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Li Y, Li Y, Guo Y, Chen C, Yang L, Jiang Q, Ling P, Wang S, Li L, Fang J. Enzymatic modular synthesis of asymmetrically branched human milk oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121908. [PMID: 38494200 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are intricate glycans that promote healthy growth of infants and have been incorporated into infant formula as food additives. Despite their importance, the limited availability of asymmetrically branched HMOs hinders the exploration of their structure and function relationships. Herein, we report an enzymatic modular strategy for the efficient synthesis of these HMOs. The key branching enzyme for the assembly of branched HMOs, human β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (GCNT2), was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris for the first time. Then, it was integrated with six other bacterial glycosyltransferases to establish seven glycosylation modules. Each module comprises a one-pot multi-enzyme (OPME) system for in-situ generation of costly sugar nucleotide donors, combined with a glycosyltransferase for specific glycosylation. This approach enabled the synthesis of 31 branched HMOs and 13 linear HMOs in a stepwise manner with well-programmed synthetic routes. The binding details of these HMOs with related glycan-binding proteins were subsequently elucidated using glycan microarray assays to provide insights into their biological functions. This comprehensive collection of synthetic HMOs not only serves as standards for HMOs structure identification in complex biological samples but also significantly enhances the fields of HMOs glycomics, opening new avenues for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshuang Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yi Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Congcong Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Lin Yang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America.
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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7
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Wu Y, Sun Y, Pei C, Peng X, Liu X, Qian EW, Du Y, Li JJ. Automated chemoenzymatic modular synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides on a digital microfluidic platform. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17397-17405. [PMID: 38813121 PMCID: PMC11134329 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01395f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycans, along with proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, constitute the four fundamental classes of biomacromolecules found in living organisms. Generally, glycans are attached to proteins or lipids to form glycoconjugates that perform critical roles in various biological processes. Automatic synthesis of glycans is essential for investigation into structure-function relationships of glycans. In this study, we presented a method that integrated magnetic bead-based manipulation and modular chemoenzymatic synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), on a DMF (Digital Microfluidics) platform. On the DMF platform, enzymatic modular reactions were conducted in solution, and purification of products or intermediates was achieved by using DEAE magnetic beads, circumventing the intricate steps required for traditional solid-phase synthesis. With this approach, we have successfully synthesized eleven HMOs with highest yields of up to >90% on the DMF platform. This study would not only lay the foundation for OPME synthesis of glycans on the DMF platform, but also set the stage for developing automated enzymatic glycan synthesizers based on the DMF platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yunze Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Caixia Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Xinlv Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xianming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Eika W Qian
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Yuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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8
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Liu J, Feng X, Liang L, Sun L, Meng D. Enzymatic biosynthesis of D-galactose derivatives: Advances and perspectives. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131518. [PMID: 38615865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
D-Galactose derivatives, including galactosyl-conjugates and galactose-upgrading compounds, provide various physiological benefits and find applications in industries such as food, cosmetics, feed, pharmaceuticals. Many research on galactose derivatives focuses on identification, characterization, development, and mechanistic aspects of their physiological function, providing opportunities and challenges for the development of practical approaches for synthesizing galactose derivatives. This study focuses on recent advancements in enzymatic biosynthesis of galactose derivatives. Various strategies including isomerization, epimerization, transgalactosylation, and phosphorylation-dephosphorylation were extensively discussed under the perspectives of thermodynamic feasibility, theoretical yield, cost-effectiveness, and by-product elimination. Specifically, the enzymatic phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cascade is a promising enzymatic synthesis route for galactose derivatives because it can overcome the thermodynamic equilibrium of isomerization and utilize cost-effective raw materials. The study also elucidates the existing challenges and future trends in enzymatic biosynthesis of galactose derivatives. Collectively, this review provides a real-time summary aimed at promoting the practical biosynthesis of galactose derivatives through enzymatic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Xinming Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation Utilization, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Likun Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Liqin Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation Utilization, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China.
| | - Dongdong Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation Utilization, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China.
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9
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De León González FV, Boddington ME, Kofsky JM, Prindl MI, Capicciotti CJ. Glyco-Engineering Cell Surfaces by Exo-Enzymatic Installation of GlcNAz and LacNAz Motifs. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:629-640. [PMID: 38394345 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Exo-enzymatic glyco-engineering of cell-surface glycoconjugates enables the selective display of well-defined glyco-motifs bearing bioorthogonal functional groups, which can be used to study glycans and their interactions with glycan-binding proteins. In recent years, strategies to edit cellular glycans by installing monosaccharides and their derivatives using glycosyltransferase enzymes have rapidly expanded. However, analogous methods to introduce chemical reporter-functionalized type 2 LacNAc motifs have not been reported. Herein, we report the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of unnatural UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GalNAc nucleotide-sugars bearing azide, alkyne, and diazirine functionalities on the C2-acetamido group using the mutant uridylyltransferase AGX1F383A. The unnatural UDP-GlcNAc derivatives were examined as substrates for the human GlcNAc-transferase B3GNT2, where it was found that modified donors were tolerated for transfer, albeit to a lesser extent than the natural UDP-GlcNAc substrate. When the GlcNAc derivatives were examined as acceptor substrates for the human Gal-transferase B4GalT1, all derivatives were well tolerated and the enzyme could successfully form derivatized LacNAcs. B3GNT2 was also used to exo-enzymatically install GlcNAc and unnatural GlcNAc derivatives on cell-surface glycans. GlcNAc- or GlcNAz-engineered cells were further extended by B4GalT1 and UDP-Gal, producing LacNAc- or LacNAz-engineered cells. Our proof-of-concept glyco-engineering labeling strategy is amenable to different cell types and our work expands the exo-enzymatic glycan editing toolbox to selectively introduce unnatural type 2 LacNAc motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie E Boddington
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Joshua M Kofsky
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 2S8, Canada
| | - Martha I Prindl
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 2S8, Canada
| | - Chantelle J Capicciotti
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 2S8, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 2V7, Canada
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10
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Jin X, Cheng H, Chen X, Cao X, Xiao C, Ding F, Qu H, Wang PG, Feng Y, Yang GY. A modular chemoenzymatic cascade strategy for the structure-customized assembly of ganglioside analogs. Commun Chem 2024; 7:17. [PMID: 38238524 PMCID: PMC10796935 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides play vital biological regulatory roles and are associated with neurological system diseases, malignancies, and immune deficiencies. They have received extensive attention in developing targeted drugs and diagnostic markers. However, it is difficult to obtain enough structurally defined gangliosides and analogs especially at an industrial-relevant scale, which prevent exploring structure-activity relationships and identifying drug ingredients. Here, we report a highly modular chemoenzymatic cascade assembly (MOCECA) strategy for customized and large-scale synthesis of ganglioside analogs with various glycan and ceramide epitopes. We typically accessed five gangliosides with therapeutic promising and systematically prepared ten GM1 analogs with diverse ceramides. Through further process amplification, we achieved industrial production of ganglioside GM1 in the form of modular assembly at hectogram scale. Using MOCECA-synthesized GM1 analogs, we found unique ceramide modifications on GM1 could enhance the ability to promote neurite outgrowth. By comparing the structures with synthetic analogs, we further resolved the problem of contradicting descriptions for GM1 components in different pharmaceutical documents by reinterpreting the exact two-component structures of commercialized GM1 drugs. Because of its applicability and stability, the MOCECA strategy can be extended to prepare other glycosphingolipid structures, which may pave the way for developing new glycolipid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Hanchao Cheng
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Cao
- Glycogene LLC, 10th Floor, Building 3, Wuhan Precision Medicine Industrial Base, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Xiao
- Glycogene LLC, 10th Floor, Building 3, Wuhan Precision Medicine Industrial Base, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengling Ding
- Glycogene LLC, 10th Floor, Building 3, Wuhan Precision Medicine Industrial Base, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Huirong Qu
- Glycogene LLC, 10th Floor, Building 3, Wuhan Precision Medicine Industrial Base, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Kofsky JM, Babulic JL, Boddington ME, De León González FV, Capicciotti CJ. Glycosyltransferases as versatile tools to study the biology of glycans. Glycobiology 2023; 33:888-910. [PMID: 37956415 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
All cells are decorated with complex carbohydrate structures called glycans that serve as ligands for glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) to mediate a wide range of biological processes. Understanding the specific functions of glycans is key to advancing an understanding of human health and disease. However, the lack of convenient and accessible tools to study glycan-based interactions has been a defining challenge in glycobiology. Thus, the development of chemical and biochemical strategies to address these limitations has been a rapidly growing area of research. In this review, we describe the use of glycosyltransferases (GTs) as versatile tools to facilitate a greater understanding of the biological roles of glycans. We highlight key examples of how GTs have streamlined the preparation of well-defined complex glycan structures through chemoenzymatic synthesis, with an emphasis on synthetic strategies allowing for site- and branch-specific display of glyco-epitopes. We also describe how GTs have facilitated expansion of glyco-engineering strategies, on both glycoproteins and cell surfaces. Coupled with advancements in bioorthogonal chemistry, GTs have enabled selective glyco-epitope editing of glycoproteins and cells, selective glycan subclass labeling, and the introduction of novel biomolecule functionalities onto cells, including defined oligosaccharides, antibodies, and other proteins. Collectively, these approaches have contributed great insight into the fundamental biological roles of glycans and are enabling their application in drug development and cellular therapies, leaving the field poised for rapid expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Kofsky
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Babulic
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Marie E Boddington
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | | | - Chantelle J Capicciotti
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Queen's University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
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12
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Zhao M, Zhu Y, Wang H, Xu W, Zhang W, Mu W. An Overview of Sugar Nucleotide-Dependent Glycosyltransferases for Human Milk Oligosaccharide Synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12390-12402. [PMID: 37552889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have received increasing attention because of their special effects on infant health and commercial value as the new generation of core components in infant formula. Currently, large-scale production of HMOs is generally based on microbial synthesis using metabolically engineered cell factories. Introduction of the specific glycosyltransferases is essential for the construction of HMO-producing engineered strains in which the HMO-producing glycosyltransferases are generally sugar nucleotide-dependent. Four types of glycosyltransferases have been used for typical glycosylation reactions to synthesize HMOs. Soluble expression, substrate specificity, and regioselectivity are common concerns of these glycosyltransferases in practical applications. Screening of specific glycosyltransferases is an important research topic to solve these problems. Molecular modification has also been performed to enhance the catalytic activity of various HMO-producing glycosyltransferases and to improve the substrate specificity and regioselectivity. In this article, various sugar nucleotide-dependent glycosyltransferases for HMO synthesis were overviewed, common concerns of these glycosyltransferases were described, and the future perspectives of glycosyltransferase-related studies were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corp., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250010, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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13
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Yu H, Zheng Z, Zhang L, Yang X, Varki A, Chen X. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of N-Acetyl Analogues of 9- O-Acetylated b-Series Gangliosides. Tetrahedron 2023; 142:133522. [PMID: 37981995 PMCID: PMC10653377 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The stable N-acetyl analogues of biologically important 9-O-acetylated b-series gangliosides including 9NAc-GD3, 9NAc-GD2, 9NAc-GD1b, and 9NAc-GT1b were chemoenzymatically synthesized from a GM3 sphingosine. Two chemoenzymatic methods using either 6-azido-6-deoxy-N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc6N3) as a chemoenzymatic synthon or 6-acetamido-6-deoxy-N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc6NAc) as an enzymatic precursor for 9-acetamido-9-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac9NAc) were developed and compared for the synthesis of 9NAc-GD3. The latter method was found to be more efficient and was used to produce the desired 9-N-acetylated glycosylsphingosines. Furthermore, glycosylsphingosine acylation reaction conditions were improved to obtain target 9-N-acetylated gangliosides in a faster reaction with an easier purification process compared to the previous acylation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Zimin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Libo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, California, 92093, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
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14
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Yu H, Zhang L, Yang X, Bai Y, Chen X. Process Engineering and Glycosyltransferase Improvement for Short Route Chemoenzymatic Total Synthesis of GM1 Gangliosides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300005. [PMID: 36596720 PMCID: PMC10159885 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale synthesis of GM1, an important ganglioside in mammalian cells especially those in the nervous system, is needed to explore its therapeutic potential. Biocatalytic production is a promising platform for such a purpose. We report herein the development of process engineering and glycosyltransferase improvement strategies to advance chemoenzymatic total synthesis of GM1. Firstly, a new short route was developed for chemical synthesis of lactosylsphingosine from the commercially available Garner's aldehyde. Secondly, two glycosyltransferases including Campylobacter jejuni β1-4GalNAcT (CjCgtA) and β1-3-galactosyltransferase (CjCgtB) were improved on their soluble expression in E. coli and enzyme stability by fusing with an N-terminal maltose binding protein (MBP). Thirdly, the process for enzymatic synthesis of GM1 sphingosines from lactosylsphingosine was engineered by developing a multistep one-pot multienzyme (MSOPME) strategy without isolating intermediate glycosphingosines and by adding a detergent, sodium cholate, to the later enzymatic glycosylation steps. Installation of a desired fatty acyl chain to GM1 glycosphingosines led to the formation of target GM1 gangliosides. The combination of glycosyltransferase improvement with chemical and enzymatic process engineering represents a significant advance in obtaining GM1 gangliosides containing different sialic acid forms by total chemoenzymatic synthesis in a short route and with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Libo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
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15
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Luo S, Liu Y, Hao T, Ma W, Luo Y, Wang S, Xu Z, Hu C, Wen L, Li T. Chemoenzymatic Total Synthesis of Haemophilus ducreyi Lipooligosaccharide Core Octasaccharides Containing Natural and Unnatural Sialic Acids. Org Lett 2023; 25:2312-2317. [PMID: 36972419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of Haemophilus ducreyi lipooligosaccharide core octasaccharides containing natural and unnatural sialic acids has been achieved by an efficient chemoenzymatic approach. A highly convergent [3 + 3] coupling strategy was developed to chemically assemble a unique hexasaccharide bearing multiple rare higher-carbon sugars d-glycero-d-manno-heptose (d,d-Hep), l-glycero-d-manno-heptose (l,d-Hep), and 3-deoxy-α-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo). Key features include sequential one-pot glycosylations for oligosaccharide assembly and the construction of the challenging α-(1 → 5)-linked Hep-Kdo glycosidic bond by gold-catalyzed glycosylation with a glycosyl ortho-alkynylbenzoate donor. Furthermore, the sequential enzyme-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective introduction of a galactose residue using β-1,4-galactosyltransferase and different sialic acids using a one-pot multienzyme sialylation system was efficiently accomplished to provide the target octasaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yating Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Tianhui Hao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawen Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhuojia Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chaoyu Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liuqing Wen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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16
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Meng J, Zhu Y, Wang H, Cao H, Mu W. Biosynthesis of Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Enzyme Cascade and Metabolic Engineering Approaches. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2234-2243. [PMID: 36700801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have unique beneficial effects for infants and are considered as the new gold standard for premium infant formula. They are a collection of unconjugated glycans, and more than 200 distinct structures have been identified. Generally, HMOs are enzymatically produced by elongation and/or modification from lactose via stepwise glycosylation. Each glycosylation requires a specific glycosyltransferase (GT) and the corresponding nucleotide sugar donor. In this review, the typical HMO-producing GTs and the one-pot multienzyme modules for generating various nucleotide sugar donors are introduced, the principles for designing the enzyme cascade routes for HMO synthesis are described, and the important metabolic engineering strategies for mass production of HMOs are also reviewed. In addition, the future research directions in biotechnological production of HMOs were prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corporation, Limited, Jinan, Shandong 250010, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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17
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Li M, Luo Y, Hu M, Li C, Liu Z, Zhang T. Module-Guided Metabolic Rewiring for Fucosyllactose Biosynthesis in Engineered Escherichia coli with Lactose De Novo Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14761-14770. [PMID: 36375030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fucosyllactose (FL) has garnered considerable attention for its benefits on infant health. In this study, we report an efficient E. coli cell factory to produce 2'/3-fucosyllactose (2'/3-FL) with lactose de novo pathway through metabolic network remodeling, including (1) modification of the PTSGlc system to enhance glucose internalization efficiency; (2) screening for β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (β-1,4-GalT) and introduction of lactose synthesis pathway; (3) eliminating inhibition of byproduct pathways; (4) constructing antibiotic-free and inducer-free FL strains; and (5) up-regulating the expression of genes in the GDP-l-fucose module. The final engineered strains BP10-3 and BP11-3 produced 4.36 g/L for 2'-FL and 3.23 g/L for 3-FL in shake flasks. In 3 L bioreactors, fed-batch cultivations of the two strains produced 40.44 g/L for 2'-FL and 30.42 g/L for 3-FL, yielding 0.63 and 0.69 g/g glucose, respectively. The strategy described in this work will help to engineer E. coli as a safe chassis for other lactose-independent HMOs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yejiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Miaomiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Science and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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18
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Zhang P, Zhu Y, Li Z, Zhang W, Guang C, Mu W. Designing a Highly Efficient Biosynthetic Route for Lacto- N-Neotetraose Production in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9961-9968. [PMID: 35938974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the biosynthesis of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) has been attracting increasing attention. Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) is one of the most important neutral-core HMOs with promising health effects for infants. It has received Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status and is the second HMO commercially added in infant formula after 2'-fucosyllactose. In previous studies, a series of engineered Escherichia coli strains have been constructed and optimized to produce high titers of precursor lacto-N-triose II. On the basis of these strains, LNnT-producing strains were constructed by overexpressing the β1,4-galactosyltransferase-encoding gene from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans NUM4039 (Aa-β1,4-GalT). Interestingly, an appreciable LNnT titer was obtained by weakening the metabolic flux of the UDP-GlcNAc pathway and simply overexpressing the essential genes lgtA, galE, and Aa-β1,4-GalT in lacZ-, wecB-, and nagB-deleted E. coli. Subsequently, LNnT synthesis was optimized through balancing the expression of these three biosynthetic enzymes. The optimized strain produced LNnT with an extracellular titer of 12.1 g/L in fed-batch cultivation, with the productivity and specific yield of 0.25 g/L·h and 0.27 g/g dry cell weight, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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19
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Huang K, Li C, Zong G, Prabhu SK, Chapla DG, Moremen KW, Wang LX. Site-selective sulfation of N-glycans by human GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferase 1 (CHST2) and chemoenzymatic synthesis of sulfated antibody glycoforms. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106070. [PMID: 35939855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Sulfation is a common modification of glycans and glycoproteins. Sulfated N-glycans have been identified in various glycoproteins and implicated for biological functions, but in vitro synthesis of structurally well-defined full length sulfated N-glycans remains to be described. We report here the first in vitro enzymatic sulfation of biantennary complex type N-glycans by recombinant human CHST2 (GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferase 1, GlcNAc6ST-1). We found that the sulfotransferase showed high antennary preference and could selectively sulfate the GlcNAc moiety located on the Manα1,3Man arm of the biantennary N-glycan. The glycan chain was further elongated by bacterial β1,4 galactosyltransferase from Neiserria meningitidis and human β1,4 galactosyltransferase IV(B4GALT4), which led to the formation of different sulfated N-glycans. Using rituximab as a model IgG antibody, we further demonstrated that the sulfated N-glycans could be efficiently transferred to an intact antibody by using a chemoenzymatic Fc glycan remodeling method, providing homogeneous sulfated glycoforms of antibodies. Preliminary binding analysis indicated that sulfation did not affect the apparent affinity of the antibody for FcγIIIa receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Guanghui Zong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Sunaina Kiran Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Digantkumar G Chapla
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, Georgia
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, Georgia
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
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20
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Morrone-Pozzuto P, Uhrig ML, Agusti R. Synthesis of Oligosaccharides Containing the S-Gal p(α1 → 3)Gal p Unit, Glycomimetic of the Epitope Recognized by Lytic Antibodies. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13455-13468. [PMID: 35775947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two important activities take place in the surface of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease: the trans-sialidase (TcTS) catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from the host glycoconjugates to the mucin-like glycoproteins from the parasite and the presence of lytic antibodies recognize the epitope α-Galp(1 → 3)-β-Galp(1 → 4)-α-GlcNAcp. This antigenic structure is known to be present in the parasite mucins; however, in order to be substrates of trans-sialidase, some of the galactose residues should be in the β-Galp configuration. To study the interaction between both activities, it is important to count the synthetic structures as well as the structural-related glycomimetics. With this purpose, we addressed the synthesis of a trisaccharide and two isomeric tetrasaccharides containing the 1-S-α-Galp(1 → 3)-β-Galp motif, the thio analog of the epitope recognized by lytic antibodies. Starting with a common lactose precursor, the sulfur function was incorporated by double inversion of the configuration of the galactose residue that was further glycosylated using different activated donors. Both tetrasaccharides were good acceptors of sialic acid in the reaction catalyzed by TcTS, as determined by high-performance anion exchange chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Morrone-Pozzuto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Uhrig
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosalia Agusti
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Liu Y, Tong A, Gao X, Yuan S, Zhong R, Zhao C. Treponema primitia α1-2-fucosyltransferase-catalyzed one-pot multienzyme synthesis of fucosylated oligosaccharide lacto- N-fucopentaose I with antiviral activity against enterovirus 71. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100273. [PMID: 35265828 PMCID: PMC8899238 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated oligosaccharides have important biological functions as well as an excellent antiviral activity. A novel α 1-2-fucosyltransferase (α 2FT) from Treponema primitia (Tp2FT) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and purified as an N-His6-tagged fusion protein (His6-Tp2FT). Mass spectrometry was carried out to identify the products of enzymatic reaction. The Tp2FT exhibited strict acceptor substrate specificity for type 1 structure (Galβ1-3GlcNAc)-containing glycans. It might be a promising emzyme for the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP I), which is one of the important fucosylated oligosaccharides. In this study, different in vitro experiments were used to study the biological activities of LNFP I. It could reduce the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and effectively inhibit the synthesis of enterovirus 71 proliferation. LNFP I was an inhibitor of enterovirus 71 in the early stages of infection, it can used in infant nutrition and might provide a new drug for hand foot mouth disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Aijun Tong
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Gao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sinan Yuan
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ruting Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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22
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Kong Y, Liu F, Liu Z, Zhao J, Wu Q, Zhang X, Liu M, Zhang H, Liu S, Zhang X, Chen M. Synthesis of globotriose-modified peptides for the preparation of a colorimetric biosensor to detect Shiga toxins. Talanta 2022; 243:123353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Bai Y, Yang X, Yu H, Chen X. Substrate and Process Engineering for Biocatalytic Synthesis and Facile Purification of Human Milk Oligosaccharides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102539. [PMID: 35100486 PMCID: PMC9272545 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Innovation in process development is essential for applying biocatalysis in industrial and laboratory production of organic compounds, including beneficial carbohydrates such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMOs have attracted increasing attention for their potential application as key ingredients in products that can improve human health. To efficiently access HMOs through biocatalysis, a combined substrate and process engineering strategy is developed, namely multistep one-pot multienzyme (MSOPME) design. The strategy allows access to a pure tagged HMO in a single reactor with a single C18-cartridge purification process, despite the length of the target. Its efficiency is demonstrated in the high-yielding (71-91 %) one-pot synthesis of twenty tagged HMOs (83-155 mg), including long-chain oligosaccharides with or without fucosylation or sialylation up to nonaoses from a lactoside without the isolation of the intermediate oligosaccharides. Gram-scale synthesis of an important HMO derivative - tagged lacto-N-fucopentaose-I (LNFP-I) - proceeds in 84 % yield. Tag removal is carried out in high efficiency (94-97 %) without the need for column purification to produce the desired natural HMOs with a free reducing end. The method can be readily adapted for large-scale synthesis and automation to allow quick access to HMOs, other glycans, and glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 95616, Davis, California, USA
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 95616, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 95616, Davis, California, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 95616, Davis, California, USA
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24
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Zhang P, Zhu Y, Li Z, Zhang W, Mu W. Recent Advances on Lacto- N-neotetraose, a Commercially Added Human Milk Oligosaccharide in Infant Formula. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4534-4547. [PMID: 35385279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) act as the important prebiotics and display many unique health effects for infants. Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), an abundant HMO, attracts increasing attention because of its unique beneficial effects to infants and great commercial importance. It occurs in all groups of human milk, but the concentration generally decreases gradually with the lactation period. It has superior prebiotic property for infants, and its other health effects have also been verified, including being immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, preventing necrotizing enterocolitis, antiadhesive antimicrobials, antiviral activity, and promoting maturation of intestinal epithelial cells. Safety evaluation and clinical trial studies suggest that LNnT is safe and well-tolerant for infants. It has been commercially added as a functional ingredient in infant formula. LNnT can be synthesized via chemical, enzymatic, or cell factory approachs, among which the metabolic engineering-based cell factory synthesis is considered to be the most practical and effective. In this article, the occurrence and physiological effects of LNnT were reviewed in detail, the safety evaluation and regulation status of LNnT were described, various approaches to LNnT synthesis were comprehensively summarized and compared, and the future perspectives of LNnT-related studies were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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25
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Li T, Zhang Y, Li T, Zhuang H, Wang F, Wang N, Schmidt RR, Peng P. Divergent Synthesis of Core m1, Core m2 and Core m3
O
‐Mannosyl
Glycopeptides via a Chemoenzymatic Approach. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Youqin Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Tong Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Haoru Zhuang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | | | - Peng Peng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
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26
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Yang X, Yu H, Yang X, Kooner AS, Yuan Y, Luu B, Chen X. One-pot multienzyme (OPME) chemoenzymatic synthesis of brain ganglioside glycans with human ST3GAL II expressed in E. coli. ChemCatChem 2022; 14:e202101498. [PMID: 35784007 PMCID: PMC9249095 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A human sialyltransferase ST3GAL II (hST3GAL II) was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli as an active soluble fusion protein with an N-terminal maltose-binding protein (MBP) and a C-terminal hexa-histidine tag. It was used as an efficient catalyst in a one-pot multienzyme (OPME) sialylation system for high-yield production of the glycans of ganglioside GM1b and highly sialylated brain gangliosides GD1a and GT1b. Further sialylation of GM1b and GD1a glycans using a bacterial α2-8-sialyltransferase in another OPME sialylation reaction led to the formation of the glycans of GD1c and brain ganglioside GT1a, respectively. The lower reverse glycosylation activity of the recombinant hST3GAL II compared to its bacterial sialyltransferase counterpart simplifies the handling of enzymatic synthetic reactions and has an advantage for future use in automated chemoenzymatic synthetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Anoopjit Singh Kooner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bryant Luu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States,, homepage URL: https://chemistry.ucdavis.edu/people/xi-chen
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27
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Zhong R, Gao L, Chen Z, Yuan S, Chen X, Zhao C. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of fucosylated oligosaccharides using Thermosynechococcus α1-2-fucosyltransferase and their application in the regulation of intestinal microbiota. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100152. [PMID: 34816119 PMCID: PMC8593560 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bacterial α 1-2-fucosyltransferase (α 2FT) from Thermosynechococcus sp. NK55a (Ts2FT) has been discovered and characterized. It shares 28-62% protein sequence homology to α 2FTs reported previously. The Ts2FT was cloned as an N-terminal His6-tagged recombinant protein (His6-Ts2FT) and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). It was expressed at a level of 6.2 mg/L culture after induction with 0.05 mM of isopropylβ-d-1-thiogalactoside (IPTG) at 16 °C for 20 h. It showed the optimal activity at a reaction temperature of 40 °C and pH of 7.0. The presence of a Mg2+ improved its catalytic efficiency. Ts2FT displayed a strict acceptor specificity and could recognize only β1-3-galatoside acceptors. It was used efficiently for one-pot multienzyme synthesis of fucosylated oligosaccharides. One of the products, lacto-N-fucopentaose I was shown to promote the growth of intestinal probiotics including those belonging to Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Chloroflexi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruting Zhong
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Luying Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zhengxin Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sinan Yuan
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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28
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Fang W, Zhong K, Cheng J, Liu X, Liu C, Wang Z, Cao H. Capture‐Release
Strategy Facilitates Rapid Enzymatic Assembly of Oligosaccharides. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate‐Based Medicine, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Kan Zhong
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate‐Based Medicine, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
| | - Jiansong Cheng
- College of Pharmacy Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xian‐Wei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate‐Based Medicine, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Chang‐Cheng Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate‐Based Medicine, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate‐Based Medicine, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
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29
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Zhang L, Yu H, Bai Y, Mishra B, Yang X, Wang J, Yu EB, Li R, Chen X. A Neoglycoprotein-Immobilized Fluorescent Magnetic Bead Suspension Multiplex Array for Galectin-Binding Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:6194. [PMID: 34684775 PMCID: PMC8541226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-protein conjugates have diverse applications. They have been used clinically as vaccines against bacterial infection and have been developed for high-throughput assays to elucidate the ligand specificities of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) and antibodies. Here, we report an effective process that combines highly efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates, production of carbohydrate-bovine serum albumin (glycan-BSA) conjugates using a squarate linker, and convenient immobilization of the resulting neoglycoproteins on carboxylate-coated fluorescent magnetic beads for the development of a suspension multiplex array platform. A glycan-BSA-bead array containing BSA and 50 glycan-BSA conjugates with tuned glycan valency was generated. The binding profiles of six plant lectins with binding preference towards Gal and/or GalNAc, as well as human galectin-3 and galectin-8, were readily obtained. Our results provide useful information to understand the multivalent glycan-binding properties of human galectins. The neoglycoprotein-immobilized fluorescent magnetic bead suspension multiplex array is a robust and flexible platform for rapid analysis of glycan and GBP interactions and will find broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Bijoyananda Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Evan B. Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Riyao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
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30
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Xia H, Ye J, Cao H, Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu CC. Enzymatic modular assembly of hybrid Lewis antigens. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8041-8048. [PMID: 34473187 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01579f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic synthesis of hybrid Lewis antigens including KH-1 (Lewis y-Lewis x-Lactose, Ley-Lex-Lac), Lewis a-Lewis x-Lactose (Lea-Lex-Lac), and Lewis b-Lewis x-Lactose (Leb-Lex-Lac) has been achieved using a facile enzymatic modular assembly strategy. Starting from a readily available tetrasaccharide, 3 complex hybrid Lewis antigens were achieved in over 40% total yields in less than 5 linear steps of sequential enzymatic glycosylation using 6 enzyme modules. The regio-selective fucosylation was achieved by simply controlling the donor-acceptor ratio. This strategy provides an easy access to these biologically important complex hybrid Lewis antigens at preparative scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xia
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Jinfeng Ye
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xianwei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Chang-Cheng Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
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31
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Efficient biosynthesis of lacto-N-neotetraose by a novel β-1,4-galactosyltransferase from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans NUM4039. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 153:109912. [PMID: 34670186 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) is a unique tetrasaccharide naturally occurring in human milk, as an important member of human milk oligosaccharides. Because of promising beneficial effects, it has been commercially added as a functional fortifier in infant formula. β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase (β-1,4-GalT) catalyzes LNnT biosynthesis from uridine 5'-diphospho-galactose (UDP-Gal) to lacto-N-triose II (LNT II). There have been only two LNnT-producing bacterial β-1,4-GalTs, including the ones from Neisseria meningitidis and Histophilus somni. In this study, a novel LNnT-producing β-1,4-GalT was identified from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The enzyme was easily overexpressed in E. coli in soluble form. It displayed much higher transglycosylation versus hydrolysis activity, indicating its great potential in LNnT biosynthesis. The enzyme produced 13 mM LNnT from 20 mM LNT II and 60 mM UDP-Gal, with the yield of 65 % on LNT II and very low level of UDP-Gal hydrolysis. Therefore, it could be considered as a good candidate for the practical LNnT production.
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32
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Xu Z, Deng Y, Zhang Z, Ma W, Li W, Wen L, Li T. Diversity-Oriented Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Sulfated and Nonsulfated Core 2 O-GalNAc Glycans. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10819-10828. [PMID: 34254798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A diversity-oriented chemoenzymatic approach for the collective preparation of sulfated core 2 O-GalNAc glycans and their nonsulfated counterparts was described. A sulfated trisaccharide and a nonsulfated trisaccharide were chemically synthesized by combining flexible protected group manipulations and sequential one-pot glycosylations. The divergent enzymatic extension of these two trisaccharides, using a panel of robust glycosyltransferases that can recognize sulfated substrates and differentiating the branches with specifically designed glycosylation sequences to achieve regioselective sialylation, provided 36 structurally well-defined O-GalNAc glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojia Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaqi Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhumin Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanjin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liuqing Wen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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33
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Guo Z, Li Q. Enzymatic Synthesis of Glycosphingolipids: A Review. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1426-4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGlycosphingolipids (GSLs) are the major vertebrate glycolipids, which contain two distinctive moieties, a glycan and a ceramide, stitched together by a β-glycosidic linkage. The hydrophobic lipid chains of ceramide can insert into the cell membrane to form ‘lipid rafts’ and anchor the hydrophilic glycan onto the cell surface to generate microdomains and function as signaling molecules. GSLs mediate signal transduction, cell interactions, and many other biological activities, and are also related to many diseases. To meet the need of biological studies, chemists have developed various synthetic methodologies to access GSLs. Among them, the application of enzymes to GSL synthesis has witnessed significant advancements in the past decades. This short review briefly summarizes the history and progress of enzymatic GSL synthesis.1 Introduction1.1 The Glycosphingolipid Structure1.2 GSL Biosynthesis1.3 Functions and Biological Significance1.4 Overview of GSL Synthesis1.5 Scope of the Review2 Glycotransferases for GSL Synthesis3 Glycosynthases for GSL Synthesis4 Enzymatic Synthesis of Ceramide5 Conclusion
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34
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Bulmer GS, Mattey AP, Parmeggiani F, Williams R, Ledru H, Marchesi A, Seibt LS, Both P, Huang K, Galan MC, Flitsch SL, Green AP, van Munster JM. A promiscuous glycosyltransferase generates poly-β-1,4-glucan derivatives that facilitate mass spectrometry-based detection of cellulolytic enzymes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5529-5533. [PMID: 34105582 PMCID: PMC8243248 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00971k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Promiscuous activity of a glycosyltransferase was exploited to polymerise glucose from UDP-glucose via the generation of β-1,4-glycosidic linkages. The biocatalyst was incorporated into biocatalytic cascades and chemo-enzymatic strategies to synthesise cello-oligosaccharides with tailored functionalities on a scale suitable for employment in mass spectrometry-based assays. The resulting glycan structures enabled reporting of the activity and selectivity of celluloltic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Bulmer
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ashley P Mattey
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. and Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ryan Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Helene Ledru
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrea Marchesi
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Lisa S Seibt
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Peter Both
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Kun Huang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | | | - Sabine L Flitsch
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Anthony P Green
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jolanda M van Munster
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) & School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. and Scotland's Rural College, Central Faculty, Edinburgh, UK
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35
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Zheng X, Zhu L, Li T, Xu W, Liu D, Sheng J, Cao H, Shi Y, Wang F. Improve Stability of Bioactive Peptides by Enzymatic Modular Synthesis of Peptides with O-Linked Sialyl Lewis x. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Tianlu Li
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wenjia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dongke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Juzheng Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yikang Shi
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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36
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Wang S, Chen C, Gadi MR, Saikam V, Liu D, Zhu H, Bollag R, Liu K, Chen X, Wang F, Wang PG, Ling P, Guan W, Li L. Chemoenzymatic modular assembly of O-GalNAc glycans for functional glycomics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3573. [PMID: 34117223 PMCID: PMC8196059 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GalNAc glycans (or mucin O-glycans) play pivotal roles in diverse biological and pathological processes, including tumor growth and progression. Structurally defined O-GalNAc glycans are essential for functional studies but synthetic challenges and their inherent structural diversity and complexity have limited access to these compounds. Herein, we report an efficient and robust chemoenzymatic modular assembly (CEMA) strategy to construct structurally diverse O-GalNAc glycans. The key to this strategy is the convergent assembly of O-GalNAc cores 1-4 and 6 from three chemical building blocks, followed by enzymatic diversification of the cores by 13 well-tailored enzyme modules. A total of 83 O-GalNAc glycans presenting various natural glycan epitopes are obtained and used to generate a unique synthetic mucin O-glycan microarray. Binding specificities of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) including plant lectins and selected anti-glycan antibodies towards these O-GalNAc glycans are revealed by this microarray, promoting their applicability in functional O-glycomics. Serum samples from colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls are assayed using the array reveal higher bindings towards less common cores 3, 4, and 6 than abundant cores 1 and 2, providing insights into O-GalNAc glycan structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Congcong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan, 250101, Shandong, China
| | | | - Varma Saikam
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Roni Bollag
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Peixue Ling
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan, 250101, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Wanyi Guan
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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37
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Luo G, Zhu Y, Meng J, Wan L, Zhang W, Mu W. A Novel β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase from Histophilus somni Enables Efficient Biosynthesis of Lacto- N-Neotetraose via Both Enzymatic and Cell Factory Approaches. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5683-5690. [PMID: 34000807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) attract particular attention because of their health benefits for infants. Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) is one of the most abundant neutral core structures of HMOs. Bacterial β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (β-1,4-GalT) displays an irreplaceable role in the practical application of LNnT biosynthesis. In this study, a novel β-1,4-GalT from Histophilus somni was identified to efficiently synthesize LNnT from UDP-Gal and lacto-N-triose II (LNT II). The optimum pH and temperature were determined to be pH 6.0 and 30 °C, respectively. The enzyme showed both transgalactosylation and hydrolysis activity, with a specific activity of 3.7 and 6.6 U/mg, respectively. LNnT was synthesized using H. somni β-1,4-GalT via both enzymatic and cell factory approaches, and both approaches provided an LNnT ratio with the remaining LNT II at approximately 1:2 when reactions attained a balance. These findings indicated that H. somni β-1,4-GalT has a potential in biosynthesis of LNnT and derivatives in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiawei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Li Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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38
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Wang S, Chen C, Guan M, Liu D, Wan XF, Li L. Terminal Epitope-Dependent Branch Preference of Siglecs Toward N-Glycans. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:645999. [PMID: 33996901 PMCID: PMC8116747 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.645999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglecs are sialic acid–binding immunoglobulin-like lectins that play vital roles in immune cell signaling. Siglecs help the immune system distinguish between self and nonself through the recognition of glycan ligands. While the primary binding specificities of Siglecs are known to be divergent, their specificities for complex glycans remain unclear. Herein, we determined N-glycan binding profiles of a set of Siglecs by using a complex asymmetric N-glycan microarray. Our results showed that Siglecs had unique terminal epitope-dependent branch preference when recognizing asymmetric N-glycans. Specifically, human Siglec-3, -9, and -10 prefer the α1-3 branch when Siaα2-6Galβ1-4GlcNAc terminal epitope serves as the binding ligand but prefer the opposite α1-6 branch when Siaα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc epitope serves as the ligand. Interestingly, Siglec-10 exhibited dramatic binding divergence toward a pair of Neu5Ac-containing asymmetric N-glycan isomers, as well as their Neu5Gc-containing counterparts. This new information on complex glycan recognition by Siglecs provides insights into their biological roles and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Congcong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Minhui Guan
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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39
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Liquid-Phase and Ultrahigh-Frequency-Acoustofluidics-Based Solid-Phase Synthesis of Biotin-Tagged 6′/3′-Sialyl-N-Acetylglucosamine by Sequential One-Pot Multienzyme System. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
6′/3′-Sialylated N-acetyllactosamine (6′/3′-SLN) is important for discrimination of the source (human or avian) of influenza virus strains. Biotinylated oligosaccharides have been widely used for analysis and quick detection. The development of efficient strategies to synthesize biotin-tagged 6′/3′-SLN have become necessary. Effective mixing is essential for enzymatic solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis (SPOS). In the current study, newly developed technology ultrahigh-frequency-acoustofluidics (UHFA), which can provide a powerful source for efficient microfluidic mixing, solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis and one-pot multienzyme (OPME) system, were used to develop a new strategy for oligosaccharide synthesis. Firstly, biotinylated N-acetylglucosamine was designed and chemically synthesized through traditional approaches. Secondly, biotinylated 6′- and 3′-sialyl-N-acetylglucosamines were prepared in solution through two sequential OPME modules in with a yield of ~95%. Thirdly, 6′-SLN was also prepared through UHFA-based enzymatic solid-phase synthesis on magnetic beads with a yield of 64.4%. The current strategy would be potentially used for synthesis of functional oligosaccharides.
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40
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Li R, Kooner AS, Muthana SM, Yuan Y, Yu H, Chen X. A Chemoenzymatic Synthon Strategy for Synthesizing N-Acetyl Analogues of O-Acetylated N. meningitidis W Capsular Polysaccharide Oligosaccharides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:16157-16165. [PMID: 33164526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
O-Acetylated sialic acid has been found in the Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W (NmW) capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and is a required structural component of clinically used NmW CPS-based polysaccharide and polysaccharide-conjugate vaccines. The role of sialic acid O-acetylation in NmW CPS, however, is not clearly understood. This is partially due to the lack of a precise control of the percentage and the location of O-acetylation which is labile and susceptible to migration. We explore chemoenzymatic synthetic strategies for preparing N-acetylated analogues of O-acetylated NmW CPS oligosaccharides which can serve as structurally stable probe mimics. Substrate specificity studies of NmW CPS polymerase (NmSiaDW) identified 4-azido-4-deoxy-N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc4N3) and 6-azido-6-deoxy-N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc6N3) as suitable chemoenzymatic synthons for synthesizing N-acetyl analogues of NmW CPS oligosaccharides containing 7-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,7Ac2) and/or 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac2). The synthesis was achieved by NmSiaDW-dependent sequential one-pot multienzyme (OPME) strategy with in situ generation of the corresponding sugar nucleotides from simple monosaccharides or derivatives to form N3-oligosaccharides which were converted to the desired NAc-oligosaccharides by an efficient one-step chemical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Anoopjit S Kooner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Saddam M Muthana
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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41
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Chen C, Wang S, Gadi MR, Zhu H, Liu F, Liu CC, Li L, Wang F, Ling P, Cao H. Enzymatic modular synthesis and microarray assay of poly-N-acetyllactosamine derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7549-7552. [PMID: 32579622 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A facile enzymatic modular assembly strategy for the preparative-scale synthesis of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (poly-LacNAc) glycans with varied lengths and designed sialylation and/or fucosylation patterns is described. These glycans were printed as a microarray to investigate their interactions with a panel of glycan binding proteins (GBPs). Binding affinities revealed that the avidity of GBPs could be largely affected by the length and the patterns of sialylation and fucosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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42
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Na L, Yu H, McArthur JB, Ghosh T, Asbell T, Chen X. Engineer P. multocida Heparosan Synthase 2 (PmHS2) for Size-Controlled Synthesis of Longer Heparosan Oligosaccharides. ACS Catal 2020; 10:6113-6118. [PMID: 33520345 PMCID: PMC7842274 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida heparosan synthase 2 (PmHS2) is a dual-function polysaccharide synthase having both α1-4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (α1-4-GlcNAcT) and β1-4-glucuronyltransferase (β1-4-GlcAT) activities located in two separate catalytic domains. We found that removing PmHS2 N-terminal 80-amino acid residues improved enzyme stability and expression level while retaining its substrate promiscuity. We also identified the reverse glycosylation activities of PmHS2 which complicated its application in size-controlled synthesis of oligosaccharides longer than hexasaccharide. Engineered Δ80PmHS2 single-function-glycosyltransferase mutants Δ80PmHS2_D291N (α1-4-GlcNAcT lacking both forward and reverse β1-4-GlcAT activities) and Δ80PmHS2_D569N (β1-4-GlcAT lacking both forward and reverse α1-4-GlcNAcT activities) were designed and showed to minimize side product formation. They were successfully used in a sequential one-pot multienzyme (OPME) platform for size-controlled high-yield production of oligosaccharides up to decasaccharide. The study draws attention to the consideration of reverse glycosylation activities of glycosyltransferases, including polysaccharide synthases, when applying them in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. The mutagenesis strategy has the potential to be extended to other multifunctional polysaccharide synthases with reverse glycosylation activities to generate catalysts with improved synthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John B. McArthur
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Tamashree Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Thomas Asbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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43
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Zhang J, Yu H, Harris B, Zheng Y, Celik U, Na L, Faller R, Chen X, Haudenschild DR, Liu GY. New Means to Control Molecular Assembly. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:6405-6412. [PMID: 33569091 PMCID: PMC7869855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b11377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While self-assembly of molecules is relatively well-known and frequently utilized in chemical synthesis and material science, controlled assembly of molecules represents a new concept and approach. The present work demonstrates the concept of controlled molecular assembly using a non-spherical biomolecule, heparosan tetrasaccharide (MW = 1.099 kD). The key to controlled assembly is the fact that ultra-small solution droplets exhibit different evaporation dynamics from those of larger ones. Using an independently controlled microfluidic probe in an atomic force microscope, sub-femtoliter aqueous droplets containing designed molecules produce well-defined features with dimensions as small as tens of nanometers. The initial shape of the droplet and the concentration of solute within the droplet dictate the final assembly of molecules due to the ultrafast evaporation rate and dynamic spatial confinement of the droplets. The level of control demonstrated in this work brings us closer to programmable synthesis for chemistry and materials science which can be used to develop vehicles for drug delivery three-dimensional nanoprinting in additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Bradley Harris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Yunbo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Umit Celik
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Lan Na
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Roland Faller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Dominik R Haudenschild
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, 95817, United States
| | - Gang-yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, United States
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44
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Li R, Yu H, Muthana SM, Freedberg DI, Chen X. Size-Controlled Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Homogeneous Oligosaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis W Capsular Polysaccharide. ACS Catal 2020; 10:2791-2798. [PMID: 33414981 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) serogroup W (NmW) is one of the six meningococcal serogroups that cause majority of invasive meningococcal diseases (IMD). Its capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is a virulence factor and is a key component in NmW CPS-protein conjugate vaccines. The current clinically used NmW CPS-protein conjugate vaccines are effective but the costs are high and the products are heterogeneous at both the CPS and the conjugate levels. Towards the development of potentially better NmW CPS vaccines, herein we report the synthesis of homogeneous oligosaccharides of NmW CPS in a size-controlled manner using polysaccharide synthase NmSiaDW in a sequential one-pot multienzyme (OPME) platform. Taking advantage of the obtained structurally defined synthetic oligosaccharides tagged with a hydrophobic chromophore, detailed biochemical characterization of NmSiaDW has been achieved. While the catalytic efficiency of the galactosyltransferase activity of NmSiaDW increases dramatically with the increase of the sialoside acceptor substrate size, the size difference of the galactoside acceptor substrate does not influence NmSiaDW sialyltransferase activity significantly. The ratio of donor and acceptor substrate concentrations, but not the size of the acceptor substrates, has been found to be the major determining factor for the sizes of the oligosaccharides produced. NmW CPS oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization (DP) higher than 65 have been observed. The study provides a better understanding of NmSiaDW capsular polysaccharide synthase and showcases an efficient chemoenzymatic synthetic platform for obtaining structurally defined NmW CPS oligosaccharides in a size-controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Saddam M. Muthana
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Darón I. Freedberg
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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45
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Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of structurally complex heteropolysaccharides composed of alternating hexosamine and uronic acid or galatose residue that include hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate, heparin and heparan sulfate, and keratan sulfate. GAGs display a range of critical biological functions, including regulating cell-cell interactions and cell proliferation, inhibiting enzymes, and activating growth factor receptors during various metabolic processes. Indeed, heparin is a widely used GAG-based anticoagulant drug. Unfortunately, naturally derived GAGs are highly heterogeneous, limiting studies of their structure-activity relationships and even resulting in safety concerns. For example, the heparin contamination crisis in 2007 reportedly killed more than a hundred people in the United States. Unfortunately, the chemical synthesis of GAGs, or their oligosaccharides, based on repetitive steps of protection, activation, coupling, and deprotection, is incredibly challenging. Recent advances in chemoenzymatic synthesis integrate the flexibility of chemical derivatization with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, mimicking the biosynthetic pathway of GAGs, and represent a promising strategy to solve many of these synthetic challenges. In this critical Account, we examine the recent progress made, in our laboratory and by others, in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of GAGs, focusing on heparan sulfate and heparin, a class of GAGs with profound physiological and pharmacological importance. A major challenge for the penetration of the heparin market by homogeneous heparin products is their cost-effective large-scale synthesis. In the past decade, we and our collaborators have systematically explored the key factors that impact this process, including better enzyme expression, improved biocatalysts using protein engineering and immobilization, low cost production of enzyme cofactors, optimization of the order of enzymatic transformations, as well as development of efficient technologies, such as using ultraviolet absorbing or fluorous tags, to detect and purify synthetic intermediates. These improvements have successfully resulted in multigram-scale synthesis of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), with some showing excellent anticoagulant activity and even resulting in more effective protamine reversal than commercial, animal-sourced LMWH drugs. Sophisticated structural analysis is another challenge for marketing heparins, since impurities and contaminants can be present that are difficult to distinguish from heparin drug products. The availability of the diverse library of structurally defined heparin oligosaccharides has facilitated the systematic analytical studies undertaken by our group, resulting in important information for characterizing diverse heparin products, safeguarding their quality. Recently, a series of chemically modified nucleotide sugars have been investigated in our laboratory and have been accepted by synthases to obtain novel GAGs and GAG oligosaccharides. These include fluoride and azido regioselectively functionalized sugars and stable isotope-enriched GAGs and GAG oligosaccharides, critical for better understanding the biological roles of these important biopolymers. We speculate that the repertoire of unnatural acceptors and nucleotide sugar donors will soon be expanded to afford many new GAG analogues with new biological and pharmacological properties including improved specificity and metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Lin
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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46
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Nguyen T, Lee S, Yang YA, Ahn C, Sim JH, Kei TG, Barnard KN, Yu H, Millano SK, Chen X, Parrish CR, Song J. The role of 9-O-acetylated glycan receptor moieties in the typhoid toxin binding and intoxication. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008336. [PMID: 32084237 PMCID: PMC7055914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Typhoid toxin is an A2B5 toxin secreted from Salmonella Typhi-infected cells during human infection and is suggested to contribute to typhoid disease progression and the establishment of chronic infection. To deliver the enzymatic 'A' subunits of the toxin to the site of action in host cells, the receptor-binding 'B' subunit PltB binds to the trisaccharide glycan receptor moieties terminated in N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) that is α2-3 or α2-6 linked to the underlying disaccharide, galactose (Gal) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Neu5Ac is present in both unmodified and modified forms, with 9-O-acetylated Neu5Ac being the most common modification in humans. Here we show that host cells associated with typhoid toxin-mediated clinical signs express both unmodified and 9-O-acetylated glycan receptor moieties. We found that PltB binds to 9-O-acetylated α2-3 glycan receptor moieties with a markedly increased affinity, while the binding affinity to 9-O-acetylated α2-6 glycans is only slightly higher, as compared to the affinities of PltB to the unmodified counterparts, respectively. We also present X-ray co-crystal structures of PltB bound to related glycan moieties, which supports the different effects of 9-O-acetylated α2-3 and α2-6 glycan receptor moieties on the toxin binding. Lastly, we demonstrate that the cells exclusively expressing unmodified glycan receptor moieties are less susceptible to typhoid toxin than the cells expressing 9-O-acetylated counterparts, although typhoid toxin intoxicates both cells. These results reveal a fine-tuning mechanism of a bacterial toxin that exploits specific chemical modifications of its glycan receptor moieties for virulence and provide useful insights into the development of therapeutics against typhoid fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Sohyoung Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Yi-An Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Changhwan Ahn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Ji Hyun Sim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Tiffany G. Kei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Karen N. Barnard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Shawn K. Millano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeongmin Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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47
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McArthur JB, Santra A, Li W, Kooner AS, Liu Z, Yu H, Chen X. L. pneumophila CMP-5,7-di-N-acetyllegionaminic acid synthetase (LpCLS)-involved chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialosides and analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:738-744. [PMID: 31912849 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02476j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
5,7-Di-N-acetyllegionaminic acid (Leg5,7Ac2) is a bacterial nonulosonic acid (NulO) analogue of sialic acids, an important class of monosaccharides in mammals and in some bacteria. To develop efficient one-pot multienzyme (OPME) glycosylation systems for synthesizing Leg5,7Ac2-glycosides, Legionella pneumophila cytidine 5'-monophosphate (CMP)-Leg5,7Ac2 synthetase (LpCLS) was cloned and characterized. It was successfully used in producing Leg5,7Ac2-glycosides from chemoenzymatically synthesized Leg5,7Ac2 using a one-pot two-enzyme system or from its chemically synthesized six-carbon monosaccharide precursor 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxymannose (6deoxyMan2,4diNAc) in a one-pot three-enzyme system. In addition, LpCLS was shown to tolerate Neu5Ac7NAc, a C9-hydroxyl analogue of Leg5,7Ac2 and also a stable analogue of 7-O-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,7Ac2), to allow OPME synthesis of the corresponding α2-3-linked sialosides, from chemically synthesized six-carbon monosaccharide precursor 4-N-acetyl-4-deoxy-N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc7NAc).
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Affiliation(s)
- John B McArthur
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Abhishek Santra
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Wanqing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Anoopjit S Kooner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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48
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McArthur JB, Yu H, Chen X. A Bacterial β1-3-Galactosyltransferase Enables Multigram-Scale Synthesis of Human Milk Lacto- N-tetraose (LNT) and Its Fucosides. ACS Catal 2019; 9:10721-10726. [PMID: 33408950 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
β1-3-Linked galactosides such as Galβ1‒3GlcNAcβOR are common carbohydrate motifs found in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOSs), glycolipids, and glycoproteins. Efficient and scalable enzymatic syntheses of these structures have proven challenging due to the lack of access to a highly active β1‒3-galactosyltransferase (β3GalT) in large amounts. Previously reported E. coli β3GalT (EcWbgO) has been identified as a limiting factor for producing a β1-3-galactose-terminated human milk oligosaccharide lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) by fermentation. Here we report the identification of an EcWbgO homolog from C. violaceum (Cvβ3GalT) which showed a high efficiency in catalyzing the formation of LNT from lacto-N-triose (LNT II). With the highly active Cvβ3GalT, multigram-scale (>10 gram) synthesis of LNT from lactose was achieved using a sequential one-pot multienzyme (OPME) glycosylation process. The access to Cvβ3GalT enabled enzymatic synthesis of several fucosylated HMOSs with or without further sialylation including LNFP II, S-LNF II, LNDFH I, LNFP V, and DiFuc-LNT. Among these, LNFP V and DiFuc-LNT would not be accessible by enzymatic synthesis if an active β3GalT were not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B. McArthur
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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49
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Gao T, Yan J, Liu CC, Palma AS, Guo Z, Xiao M, Chen X, Liang X, Chai W, Cao H. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of O-Mannose Glycans Containing Sulfated or Nonsulfated HNK-1 Epitope. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19351-19359. [PMID: 31738061 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) epitope is a unique sulfated trisaccharide sequence presented on O- and N-glycans of various glycoproteins and on glycolipids. It is overexpressed in the nervous system and plays crucial roles in nerve regeneration, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal diseases. However, the investigation of functional roles of HNK-1 in a more complex glycan context at the molecular level remains a big challenge due to lack of access to related structurally well-defined complex glycans. Herein, we describe a highly efficient chemoenzymatic approach for the first collective synthesis of HNK-1-bearing O-mannose glycans with different branching patterns, and for their nonsulfated counterparts. The successful strategy relies on both chemical glycosylation of a trisaccharide lactone donor for the introduction of sulfated HNK-1 branch and substrate promiscuities of bacterial glycosyltransferases that can tolerate sulfated substrates for enzymatic diversification. Glycan microarray analysis with the resulting complex synthetic glycans demonstrated their recognition by two HNK-1-specific antibodies including anti-HNK-1/N-CAM (CD57) and Cat-315, which provided further evidence for the recognition epitopes of these antibodies and the essential roles of the sulfate group for HNK-1 glycan-antibody recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) , Qingdao 266237 , China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Chang-Cheng Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) , Qingdao 266237 , China
| | - Angelina S Palma
- UCIBIO, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , NOVA University of Lisbon , Caparica 2829-516 , Portugal
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Wengang Chai
- The Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) , Qingdao 266237 , China
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50
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Weinborn V, Li Y, Shah IM, Yu H, Dallas DC, German JB, Mills DA, Chen X, Barile D. Production of functional mimics of human milk oligosaccharides by enzymatic glycosylation of bovine milk oligosaccharides. Int Dairy J 2019; 102. [PMID: 32089591 DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of mothers' milk is associated with reduced incidence and severity of enteric infections, leading to reduced morbidity in breastfed infants. Fucosylated and sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are important for both direct antimicrobial action - likely via a decoy effect - and indirect antimicrobial action through commensal growth enhancement. Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO) are a potential source of HMO-mimics as BMO resemble HMO; however, they have simpler and less fucosylated structures. BMO isolated at large scales from bovine whey permeate were modified by the addition of fucose and/or sialic acid to generate HMO-like glycans using high-yield and cost-effective one-pot multienzyme approaches. Quadrupole time-of-flight LC/MS analysis revealed that 22 oligosaccharides were synthesized and 9 had identical composition to known HMO. Preliminary anti-adherence activity assays indicated that fucosylated BMO decreased the uptake of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 by human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells more effectively than native BMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Weinborn
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yanhong Li
- Glycohub, Inc., 4070 Truxel Road, Sacramento, CA 95834, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ishita M Shah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Food for Health Institute, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Glycohub, Inc., 4070 Truxel Road, Sacramento, CA 95834, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David C Dallas
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - J Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Food for Health Institute, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David A Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Food for Health Institute, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Food for Health Institute, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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