1
|
Ekanayake RSK, Streltsov VA, Best SP, Chantler CT. Nanostructure and dynamics of N-truncated copper amyloid-β peptides from advanced X-ray absorption fine structure. IUCRJ 2024; 11:325-346. [PMID: 38602752 PMCID: PMC11067746 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
An X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) electrochemical cell was used to collect high-quality XAS measurements of N-truncated Cu:amyloid-β (Cu:Aβ) samples under near-physiological conditions. N-truncated Cu:Aβ peptide complexes contribute to oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's patients' brains. However, the redox properties of copper in different Aβ peptide sequences are inconsistent. Therefore, the geometry of binding sites for the copper binding in Aβ4-8/12/16 was determined using novel advanced extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. This enables these peptides to perform redox cycles in a manner that might produce toxicity in human brains. Fluorescence XAS measurements were corrected for systematic errors including defective-pixel data, monochromator glitches and dispersion of pixel spectra. Experimental uncertainties at each data point were measured explicitly from the point-wise variance of corrected pixel measurements. The copper-binding environments of Aβ4-8/12/16 were precisely determined by fitting XAS measurements with propagated experimental uncertainties, advanced analysis and hypothesis testing, providing a mechanism to pursue many similarly complex questions in bioscience. The low-temperature XAS measurements here determine that CuII is bound to the first amino acids in the high-affinity amino-terminal copper and nickel (ATCUN) binding motif with an oxygen in a tetragonal pyramid geometry in the Aβ4-8/12/16 peptides. Room-temperature XAS electrochemical-cell measurements observe metal reduction in the Aβ4-16 peptide. Robust investigations of XAS provide structural details of CuII binding with a very different bis-His motif and a water oxygen in a quasi-tetrahedral geometry. Oxidized XAS measurements of Aβ4-12/16 imply that both CuII and CuIII are accommodated in an ATCUN-like binding site. Hypotheses for these CuI, CuII and CuIII geometries were proven and disproven using the novel data and statistical analysis including F tests. Structural parameters were determined with an accuracy some tenfold better than literature claims of past work. A new protocol was also developed using EXAFS data analysis for monitoring radiation damage. This gives a template for advanced analysis of complex biosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor A. Streltsov
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ekanayake RSK, Streltsov VA, Best SP, Chantler CT. Using XAS to monitor radiation damage in real time and post-analysis, and investigation of systematic errors of fluorescence XAS for Cu-bound amyloid-β. J Appl Crystallogr 2024; 57:125-139. [PMID: 38322727 PMCID: PMC10840304 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723010890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a promising technique for determining structural information from sensitive biological samples, but high-accuracy X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) requires corrections of systematic errors in experimental data. Low-temperature XAS and room-temperature X-ray absorption spectro-electrochemical (XAS-EC) measurements of N-truncated amyloid-β samples were collected and corrected for systematic effects such as dead time, detector efficiencies, monochromator glitches, self-absorption, radiation damage and noise at higher wavenumber (k). A new protocol was developed using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data analysis for monitoring radiation damage in real time and post-analysis. The reliability of the structural determinations and consistency were validated using the XAS measurement experimental uncertainty. The correction of detector pixel efficiencies improved the fitting χ2 by 12%. An improvement of about 2.5% of the structural fitting was obtained after dead-time corrections. Normalization allowed the elimination of 90% of the monochromator glitches. The remaining glitches were manually removed. The dispersion of spectra due to self-absorption was corrected. Standard errors of experimental measurements were propagated from pointwise variance of the spectra after systematic corrections. Calculated uncertainties were used in structural refinements for obtaining precise and reliable values of structural parameters including atomic bond lengths and thermal parameters. This has permitted hypothesis testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor A. Streltsov
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han J. Copper trafficking systems in cells: insights into coordination chemistry and toxicity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15277-15296. [PMID: 37702384 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal ions, such as copper, are indispensable components in the biological system. Copper ions which primarily exist in two major oxidation states Cu(I) and Cu(II) play crucial roles in various cellular processes including antioxidant defense, biosynthesis of neurotransmitters, and energy metabolism, owing to their inherent redox activity. The disturbance in copper homeostasis can contribute to the development of copper metabolism disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the significance of understanding the copper trafficking system in cellular environments. This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of copper homeostatic machinery, with an emphasis on the coordination chemistry of copper transporters and trafficking proteins. While copper chaperones and the corresponding metalloenzymes are thoroughly discussed, we also explore the potential existence of low-molecular-mass metal complexes within cellular systems. Furthermore, we summarize the toxicity mechanisms originating from copper deficiency or accumulation, which include the dysregulation of oxidative stress, signaling pathways, signal transduction, and amyloidosis. This perspective review delves into the current knowledge regarding the intricate aspects of the copper trafficking system, providing valuable insights into potential treatment strategies from the standpoint of bioinorganic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Suh JM, Kim M, Yoo J, Han J, Paulina C, Lim MH. Intercommunication between metal ions and amyloidogenic peptides or proteins in protein misfolding disorders. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
5
|
Yi Y, Lim MH. Current understanding of metal-dependent amyloid-β aggregation and toxicity. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:121-131. [PMID: 36794021 PMCID: PMC9906324 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00208f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of effective therapeutics targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been very challenging, which suggests its complicated etiology associated with multiple pathogenic elements. In AD-affected brains, highly concentrated metals, such as copper and zinc, are found in senile plaques mainly composed of Aβ aggregates. These metal ions are coordinated to Aβ and affect its aggregation and toxicity profiles. In this review, we illustrate the current view on molecular insights into the assembly of Aβ peptides in the absence and presence of metal ions as well as the effect of metal ions on their toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yelim Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo J, Wang H, Wu J, Romankov V, Daffé N, Dreiser J. Amyloid-beta–copper interaction studied by simultaneous nitrogen K and copper L2,3-edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. iScience 2021; 24:103465. [PMID: 34988394 PMCID: PMC8710549 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the interaction between amyloid β (Aβ) peptides and Cu and Zn metal ions by using soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The spectral features of the peptides and Cu are simultaneously characterized by recording spectra at the N K-edge and at the Cu L2,3-edges. In the presence of the peptides, the Cu L2,3-edge shows a fingerprint of monovalent Cu(I), caused by the interaction with the peptides. The appearance of Cu(I) is less significant at an acidic pH than at a basic pH. Furthermore, aggregation leads to a smaller signature of Cu(I). N K-edge spectra reveal that Cu and Zn ions exhibit a different coordination with the nitrogen atoms in the peptides. This suggests different roles of Cu and Zn in the peptide aggregation. Our work provides physical insight into the participation of the metal ions and Aβ in the toxic reactive oxygen species formation. Amyloid-beta–copper interaction leads to distinct X-ray spectroscopic signatures After interaction monovalent copper(I) is found The X-ray signatures strongly depend on the pH and incubation conditions
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Luo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jinming Wu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Vladyslav Romankov
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Niéli Daffé
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Cai Y, He Y, Lin Q, Ren J, Cao D, Zhang L. A label-free fluorescent peptide probe for sensitive and selective determination of copper and sulfide ions in aqueous systems. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7426-7435. [PMID: 35423246 PMCID: PMC8694936 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08788b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A label free fluorescent peptide probe (HDSGWEVHH) was used for Cu2+ and S2- determination in aqueous solution. Our results demonstrated that HDSGWEVHH is highly selective and sensitive for monitoring free Cu2+ concentration via quenching of the probe fluorescence upon Cu2+ binding. The mechanism of the complexation is investigated with Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and computational techniques. Theoretical calculation results indicated the binding ratio of the probe to Cu2+ is 2 : 1 and the binding constant was obtained as 1.72 × 10 8 M-1. Cu2+ concentration can be detected with the detection limit of 16 nM. Free Cu2+ concentration released from the metallothionein-Cu complex at different pH values was detected. Cu2+ concentration in real water and tea samples was also detected, and the results were consistent with the ones monitored by atomic absorption spectrometer. Because of the exceedingly small K sp value of CuS (1.27 × 10-36), S2- can sequester Cu2+ from HDSGWEVHH to restore the tryptophan (W) fluorescence. Thus the HDSGWEVHH-Cu2+ complex can also be used for S2- detection. The S2- concentrations can be monitored with a detection limit of 19 nM. The assay is also amenable to measurement of S2- concentration in pure water samples. Thus the probe designed herein is sensitive, label free, low cost, and environmentally friendly for Cu2+ and S2- determination in aqueous solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha 410004 P. R. China
| | - Yunhui Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha 410004 P. R. China
| | - Yonghui He
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University Kunming Yunnan 650500 P. R. China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha 410004 P. R. China
| | - Jiali Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha 410004 P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Cao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha 410004 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boopathi S, Dinh Quoc Huy P, Gonzalez W, Theodorakis PE, Li MS. Zinc binding promotes greater hydrophobicity inAlzheimer's Aβ42peptide than copper binding: Molecular dynamics and solvation thermodynamics studies. Proteins 2020; 88:1285-1302. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Boopathi
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Talca Talca Chile
| | | | - Wendy Gonzalez
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Talca Talca Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels‐Associated Diseases (MiNICAD)Universidad de Talca Talca Chile
| | | | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute of PhysicsPolish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, Quang Trung Software City Tan Chanh Hiep Ward Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chainoglou E, Hadjipavlou-Litina D. Curcumin in Health and Diseases: Alzheimer's Disease and Curcumin Analogues, Derivatives, and Hybrids. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061975. [PMID: 32183162 PMCID: PMC7139886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative multifactorial disease influencing the elderly population. Nowadays, several medications, among them curcumin, are used in the treatment of AD. Curcumin, which is the principal component of Curcuma longa, has shown favorable effects forsignificantly preventing or treating AD. During the last decade, the scientific community has focused their research on the optimization of therapeutic properties and on the improvement of pharmacokinetic properties of curcumin. This review summarizes bibliographical data from 2009 to 2019 on curcumin analogues, derivatives, and hybrids, as well as their therapeutic, preventic, and diagnostic applications in AD. Recent advances in the field have revealed that the phenolic hydroxyl group could contribute to the anti-amyloidogenic activity. Phenyl methoxy groups seem to contribute to the suppression of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) and to the suppression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) andhydrophobic interactions have also revealed a growing role. Furthermore, flexible moieties, at the linker, are crucial for the inhibition of Aβ aggregation. The inhibitory activity of derivatives is increased with the expansion of the aromatic rings. The promising role of curcumin-based compounds in diagnostic imaging is highlighted. The keto-enol tautomerism seems to be a novel modification for the design of amyloid-binding agents. Molecular docking results, (Q)SAR, as well as in vitro and in vivo tests highlight the structures and chemical moieties that are correlated with specific activity. As a result, the knowledge gained from the existing research should lead to the design and synthesis ofinnovative and multitargetedcurcumin analogues, derivatives, or curcumin hybrids, which would be very useful drug and tools in medicine for both diagnosis and treatment of AD.
Collapse
|
10
|
Summers KL, Schilling KM, Roseman G, Markham KA, Dolgova NV, Kroll T, Sokaras D, Millhauser GL, Pickering IJ, George GN. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Investigations of Copper(II) Coordination in the Human Amyloid β Peptide. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6294-6311. [PMID: 31013069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of age-related dementia and currently affects approximately 5.7 million Americans. Major brain changes associated with AD pathology include accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein fragments and formation of extracellular amyloid plaques. Redox-active metals mediate oligomerization of Aβ, and the resultant metal-bound oligomers have been implicated in the putative formation of harmful, reactive species that could contribute to observed oxidative damage. In isolated plaque cores, Cu(II) is bound to Aβ via histidine residues. Despite numerous structural studies of Cu(II) binding to synthetic Aβ in vitro, there is still uncertainty surrounding Cu(II) coordination in Aβ. In this study, we used X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and high energy resolution fluorescence detected (HERFD) XAS to investigate Cu(II) coordination in Aβ(1-42) under various solution conditions. We found that the average coordination environment in Cu(II)Aβ(1-42) is sensitive to X-ray photoreduction, changes in buffer composition, peptide concentration, and solution pH. Fitting of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) suggests Cu(II) is bound in a mixture of coordination environments in monomeric Aβ(1-42) under all conditions studied. However, it was evident that on average only a single histidine residue coordinates Cu(II) in monomeric Aβ(1-42) at pH 6.1, in addition to 3 other oxygen or nitrogen ligands. Cu(II) coordination in Aβ(1-42) at pH 7.4 is similarly 4-coordinate with oxygen and nitrogen ligands, although an average of 2 histidine residues appear to coordinate at this pH. At pH 9.0, the average Cu(II) coordination environment in Aβ(1-42) appears to be 5-coordinate with oxygen and nitrogen ligands, including two histidine residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Summers
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , 114 Science Place , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada.,Department of Chemistry , University of Saskatchewan , 110 Science Place , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 , Canada
| | - Kevin M Schilling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Graham Roseman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Kate A Markham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Natalia V Dolgova
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , 114 Science Place , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Glenn L Millhauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , 114 Science Place , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada.,Department of Chemistry , University of Saskatchewan , 110 Science Place , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 , Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , 114 Science Place , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada.,Department of Chemistry , University of Saskatchewan , 110 Science Place , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Strodel B, Coskuner-Weber O. Transition Metal Ion Interactions with Disordered Amyloid-β Peptides in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Computational Chemistry Studies. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:1782-1805. [PMID: 30933519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Monomers and oligomers of the amyloid-β peptide aggregate to form the fibrils found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. These monomers and oligomers are largely disordered and can interact with transition metal ions, affecting the mechanism and kinetics of amyloid-β aggregation. Due to the disordered nature of amyloid-β, its rapid aggregation, as well as solvent and paramagnetic effects, experimental studies face challenges in the characterization of transition metal ions bound to amyloid-β monomers and oligomers. The details of the coordination chemistry between transition metals and amyloid-β obtained from experiments remain debated. Furthermore, the impact of transition metal ion binding on the monomeric or oligomeric amyloid-β structures and dynamics are still poorly understood. Computational chemistry studies can serve as an important complement to experimental studies and can provide additional knowledge on the binding between amyloid-β and transition metal ions. Many research groups conducted first-principles calculations, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, quantum mechanics/classical mechanics simulations, and classical molecular dynamics simulations for studying the interplay between transition metal ions and amyloid-β monomers and oligomers. This review summarizes the current understanding of transition metal interactions with amyloid-β obtained from computational chemistry studies. We also emphasize the current view of the coordination chemistry between transition metal ions and amyloid-β. This information represents an important foundation for future metal ion chelator and drug design studies aiming to combat Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich 52425 , Germany.,Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Universitätstrasse 1 , Düsseldorf 40225 , Germany
| | - Orkid Coskuner-Weber
- Molecular Biotechnology , Turkish-German University , Sahinkaya Caddesi, No. 86, Beykoz , Istanbul 34820 , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
van der Stam W, de Graaf M, Gudjonsdottir S, Geuchies JJ, Dijkema JJ, Kirkwood N, Evers WH, Longo A, Houtepen AJ. Tuning and Probing the Distribution of Cu + and Cu 2+ Trap States Responsible for Broad-Band Photoluminescence in CuInS 2 Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11244-11253. [PMID: 30372029 PMCID: PMC6262458 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The processes that govern radiative recombination in ternary CuInS2 (CIS) nanocrystals (NCs) have been heavily debated, but recently, several research groups have come to the same conclusion that a photoexcited electron recombines with a localized hole on a Cu-related trap state. Furthermore, it has been observed that single CIS NCs display narrower photoluminescence (PL) line widths than the ensemble, which led to the conclusion that within the ensemble there is a distribution of Cu-related trap states responsible for PL. In this work, we probe this trap-state distribution with in situ photoluminescence spectroelectrochemistry. We find that Cu2+ states result in individual "dark" nanocrystals, whereas Cu+ states result in "bright" NCs. Furthermore, we show that we can tune the PL position, intensity, and line width in a cyclic fashion by injecting or removing electrons from the trap-state distribution, thereby converting a subset of "dark" Cu2+ containing NCs into "bright" Cu+ containing NCs and vice versa. The electrochemical injection of electrons results in brightening, broadening, and a red shift of the PL, in line with the activation of a broad distribution of "dark" NCs (Cu2+ states) into "bright" NCs (Cu+ states) and a rise of the Fermi level within the ensemble trap-state distribution. The opposite trend is observed for electrochemical oxidation of Cu+ states into Cu2+. Our work shows that there is a direct correlation between the line width of the ensemble Cu+/Cu2+ trap-state distribution and the characteristic broad-band PL feature of CIS NCs and between Cu2+ cations in the photoexcited state (bright) and in the electrochemically oxidized ground state (dark).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ward van der Stam
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
| | - Max de Graaf
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Solrun Gudjonsdottir
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco J. Geuchies
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen J. Dijkema
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Kirkwood
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Wiel H. Evers
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Longo
- Netherlands
Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Dutch-Belgian Beamline,
ESRF, The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Istituto
per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)-CNR, UOS Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Arjan J. Houtepen
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Savelieff MG, Nam G, Kang J, Lee HJ, Lee M, Lim MH. Development of Multifunctional Molecules as Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Last Decade. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1221-1322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masha G. Savelieff
- SciGency Science Communications, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Han J, Lee HJ, Kim KY, Lee SJC, Suh JM, Cho J, Chae J, Lim MH. Tuning Structures and Properties for Developing Novel Chemical Tools toward Distinct Pathogenic Elements in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:800-808. [PMID: 29283241 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple pathogenic factors [e.g., amyloid-β (Aβ), metal ions, metal-bound Aβ (metal-Aβ), reactive oxygen species (ROS)] are found in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to elucidate the roles of pathological elements in AD, chemical tools able to regulate their activities would be valuable. Due to the complicated link among multiple pathological factors, however, it has been challenging to invent such chemical tools. Herein, we report novel small molecules as chemical tools toward modulation of single or multiple target(s), designed via a rational structure-property-directed strategy. The chemical properties (e.g., oxidation potentials) of our molecules and their coverage of reactivities toward the pathological targets were successfully differentiated through a minor structural variation [i.e., replacement of one nitrogen (N) or sulfur (S) donor atom in the framework]. Among our compounds (1-3), 1 with the lowest oxidation potential is able to noticeably modify the aggregation of both metal-free Aβ and metal-Aβ, as well as scavenge free radicals. Compound 2 with the moderate oxidation potential significantly alters the aggregation of Cu(II)-Aβ42. The hardly oxidizable compound, 3, relative to 1 and 2, indicates no noticeable interactions with all pathogenic factors, including metal-free Aβ, metal-Aβ, and free radicals. Overall, our studies demonstrate that the design of small molecules as chemical tools able to control distinct pathological components could be achieved via fine-tuning of structures and properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Han
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 02844, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Jung C. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Suh
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeheung Cho
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 02844, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hecel A, De Ricco R, Valensin D. Influence of membrane environments and copper ions on the structural features of amyloidogenic proteins correlated to neurodegeneration. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
16
|
Trujano-Ortiz LG, González FJ, Quintanar L. Redox Cycling of Copper–Amyloid β 1–16 Peptide Complexes Is Highly Dependent on the Coordination Mode. Inorg Chem 2014; 54:4-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501941a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia G. Trujano-Ortiz
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Avenida Instituto Politecnico Nacional
2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Ciudad de México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Felipe J. González
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Avenida Instituto Politecnico Nacional
2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Ciudad de México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Liliana Quintanar
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Avenida Instituto Politecnico Nacional
2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Ciudad de México, D.F., Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
DeToma AS, Krishnamoorthy J, Nam Y, Lee HJ, Brender JR, Kochi A, Lee D, Onnis V, Congiu C, Manfredini S, Vertuani S, Balboni G, Ramamoorthy A, Lim MH. Synthetic Flavonoids, Aminoisoflavones: Interaction and Reactivity with Metal-Free and Metal-Associated Amyloid-β Species. Chem Sci 2014; 5:4851-4862. [PMID: 25383163 PMCID: PMC4217218 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01531b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal ion homeostasis in conjunction with amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation in the brain has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. To uncover the interplay between metal ions and Aβ peptides, synthetic, multifunctional small molecules have been employed to modulate Aβ aggregation in vitro. Naturally occurring flavonoids have emerged as a valuable class of compounds for this purpose due to their ability to modulate both metal-free and metal-induced Aβ aggregation. Although, flavonoids have shown anti-amyloidogenic effects, the structural moieties of flavonoids responsible for such reactivity have not been fully identified. In order to understand the structure-interaction-reactivity relationship within the flavonoid family for metal-free and metal-associated Aβ, we designed, synthesized, and characterized a set of isoflavone derivatives, aminoisoflavones (1-4), that displayed reactivity (i.e., modulation of Aβ aggregation) in vitro. NMR studies revealed a potential binding site for aminoisoflavones between the N-terminal loop and central helix on prefibrillar Aβ different from the non-specific binding observed for other flavonoids. The absence or presence of the catechol group differentiated the binding affinities and enthalpy/entropy balance between aminoisoflavones and Aβ. Furthermore, having a catechol group influenced the binding mode with fibrillar Aβ. Inclusion of additional substituents moderately tuned the impact of aminoisoflavones on Aβ aggregation. Overall, through these studies, we obtained valuable insights on the requirements for parity among metal chelation, intermolecular interactions, and substituent variation for Aβ interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaina S. DeToma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
| | - Janarthanan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
- Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
| | - Younwoo Nam
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2216, USA
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Jeffrey R. Brender
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
- Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
| | - Akiko Kochi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Dongkuk Lee
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Valentina Onnis
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cenzo Congiu
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia Vertuani
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences Unit, University of Cagliari, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
- Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2216, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jiang N, Li SY, Xie SS, Li ZR, Wang KD, Wang XB, Kong LY. Design, synthesis and evaluation of multifunctional salphen derivatives for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:540-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
19
|
Parthasarathy S, Yoo B, McElheny D, Tay W, Ishii Y. Capturing a reactive state of amyloid aggregates: NMR-based characterization of copper-bound Alzheimer disease amyloid β-fibrils in a redox cycle. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9998-10010. [PMID: 24523414 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.511345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of redox-active copper ions with misfolded amyloid β (Aβ) is linked to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which has been associated with oxidative stress and neuronal damages in Alzheimer disease. Despite intensive studies, it is still not conclusive how the interaction of Cu(+)/Cu(2+) with Aβ aggregates leads to ROS production even at the in vitro level. In this study, we examined the interaction between Cu(+)/Cu(2+) and Aβ fibrils by solid-state NMR (SSNMR) and other spectroscopic methods. Our photometric studies confirmed the production of ~60 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from a solution of 20 μM Cu(2+) ions in complex with Aβ(1-40) in fibrils ([Cu(2+)]/[Aβ] = 0.4) within 2 h of incubation after addition of biological reducing agent ascorbate at the physiological concentration (~1 mM). Furthermore, SSNMR (1)H T1 measurements demonstrated that during ROS production the conversion of paramagnetic Cu(2+) into diamagnetic Cu(+) occurs while the reactive Cu(+) ions remain bound to the amyloid fibrils. The results also suggest that O2 is required for rapid recycling of Cu(+) bound to Aβ back to Cu(2+), which allows for continuous production of H2O2. Both (13)C and (15)N SSNMR results show that Cu(+) coordinates to Aβ(1-40) fibrils primarily through the side chain Nδ of both His-13 and His-14, suggesting major rearrangements from the Cu(2+) coordination via Nε in the redox cycle. (13)C SSNMR chemical shift analysis suggests that the overall Aβ conformations are largely unaffected by Cu(+) binding. These results present crucial site-specific evidence of how the full-length Aβ in amyloid fibrils offers catalytic Cu(+) centers.
Collapse
|
20
|
Leong SL, Young TR, Barnham KJ, Wedd AG, Hinds MG, Xiao Z, Cappai R. Quantification of copper binding to amyloid precursor protein domain 2 and its Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog. Implications for biological function. Metallomics 2014; 6:105-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00258f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
21
|
Kozlowski H, Potocki S, Remelli M, Rowinska-Zyrek M, Valensin D. Specific metal ion binding sites in unstructured regions of proteins. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
22
|
Peck KL, Clewett HS, Schmitt JC, Shearer J. Copper ligation to soluble oligomers of the English mutant of the amyloid-β peptide yields a linear Cu(I) site that is resistant to O2 oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4797-9. [PMID: 23608950 PMCID: PMC3697824 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40326b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper coordination to soluble oligomers of the English (AβH(6)R) mutant of the amyloid-β peptide is probed. Cu(II) coordination yields a square planar (N/O)4 coordination environment, while reduction yields an O2 inert linear bis-His Cu(I) centre.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L. Peck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | | | | | - Jason Shearer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Savelieff MG, Lee S, Liu Y, Lim MH. Untangling amyloid-β, tau, and metals in Alzheimer's disease. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:856-65. [PMID: 23506614 DOI: 10.1021/cb400080f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and metal ion dyshomeostasis are believed to underlie numerous neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The pathological hallmark of AD is accumulation of misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and hyperphosphorylated tau (ptau) proteins in the brain. Since AD etiology remains unclear, several hypotheses have emerged to elucidate its pathological pathways. The amyloid cascade hypothesis, a leading hypothesis for AD development, advocates Aβ as the principal culprit. Additionally, evidence suggests that tau may contribute to AD pathology. Aβ and tau have also been shown to impact each other's pathology either directly or indirectly. Furthermore, metal ion dyshomeostasis is associated with these misfolded proteins. Metal interactions with Aβ and tau/ptau also influence their aggregation properties and neurotoxicity. Herein, we present current understanding on the roles of Aβ, tau, and metal ions, placing equal emphasis on each of these proposed features, as well as their inter-relationships in AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masha G. Savelieff
- Life
Sciences Institute and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,
United States
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Life
Sciences Institute and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,
United States
| | - Yuzhong Liu
- Life
Sciences Institute and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,
United States
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Life
Sciences Institute and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Faller P, Hureau C, Berthoumieu O. Role of metal ions in the self-assembly of the Alzheimer's amyloid-β peptide. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:12193-206. [PMID: 23607830 DOI: 10.1021/ic4003059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) by self-assembly into oligomers or amyloids is a central event in Alzheimer's disease. Coordination of transition-metal ions, mainly copper and zinc, to Aβ occurs in vivo and modulates the aggregation process. A survey of the impact of Cu(II) and Zn(II) on the aggregation of Aβ reveals some general trends: (i) Zn(II) and Cu(II) at high micromolar concentrations and/or in a large superstoichiometric ratio compared to Aβ have a tendency to promote amorphous aggregations (precipitation) over the ordered formation of fibrillar amyloids by self-assembly; (ii) metal ions affect the kinetics of Aβ aggregations, with the most significant impact on the nucleation phase; (iii) the impact is metal-specific; (iv) Cu(II) and Zn(II) affect the concentrations and/or the types of aggregation intermediates formed; (v) the binding of metal ions changes both the structure and the charge of Aβ. The decrease in the overall charge at physiological pH increases the overall driving force for aggregation but may favor more precipitation over fibrillation, whereas the induced structural changes seem more relevant for the amyloid formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Faller
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jiang D, Zhang L, Grant GPG, Dudzik CG, Chen S, Patel S, Hao Y, Millhauser GL, Zhou F. The elevated copper binding strength of amyloid-β aggregates allows the sequestration of copper from albumin: a pathway to accumulation of copper in senile plaques. Biochemistry 2013; 52:547-56. [PMID: 23237523 DOI: 10.1021/bi301053h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Copper coexists with amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides at a high concentration in the senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and has been linked to oxidative damage associated with AD pathology. However, the origin of copper and the driving force behind its accumulation are unknown. We designed a sensitive fluorescent probe, Aβ(1-16)(Y10W), by substituting the tyrosine residue at position 10 in the hydrophilic domain of Aβ(1-42) with tryptophan. Upon mixing Cu(II), Aβ(1-16)(Y10W), and aliquots of Aβ(1-42) taken from samples incubated for different lengths of time, we found that the Cu(II) binding strength of aggregated Aβ(1-42) has been elevated by more than 2 orders of magnitude with respect to that of monomeric Aβ(1-42). Electron paramagnetic spectroscopic measurements revealed that the Aβ(1-42) aggregates, unlike their monomeric form, can seize copper from human serum albumin, an abundant copper-containing protein in brain and cerebrospinal fluid. The significantly elevated binding strength of the Aβ(1-42) aggregates can be rationalized by a Cu(II) coordination sphere constituted by three histidines from two adjacent Aβ(1-42) molecules. Our work demonstrates that the copper binding affinity of Aβ(1-42) is dependent on its aggregation state and provides new insight into how and why senile plaques accumulate copper in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianlu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gunderson WA, Hernández-Guzmán J, Karr JW, Sun L, Szalai VA, Warncke K. Local structure and global patterning of Cu2+ binding in fibrillar amyloid-β [Aβ(1-40)] protein. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18330-7. [PMID: 23043377 PMCID: PMC3722434 DOI: 10.1021/ja306946q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) protein forms fibrils and higher-order plaque aggegrates in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. The copper ion, Cu(2+), is found at high concentrations in plaques, but its role in AD etiology is unclear. We use high-resolution pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to characterize the coordination structure of Cu(2+) in the fibrillar form of full-length Aβ(1-40). The results reveal a bis-cis-histidine (His) equatorial Cu(2+) coordination geometry and participation of all three N-terminal His residues in Cu(2+) binding. A model is proposed in which Cu(2+)-His6/His13 and Cu(2+)-His6/His14 sites alternate along the fibril axis on opposite sides of the β-sheet fibril structure. The local intra-β-strand coordination structure is not conducive to Cu(2+)/Cu(+) redox-linked coordination changes, and the global arrangement of Cu sites precludes facile multielectron and bridged-metal site reactivity. This indicates that the fibrillar form of Aβ suppresses Cu redox cycling and reactive oxygen species production. The configuration suggests application of Cu(2+)-Aβ fibrils as an amyloid architecture for switchable electron charge/spin coupling and redox reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesse W. Karr
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Siena College, Loudenville, New York, 12211 USA
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Veronika A. Szalai
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Kurt Warncke
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Coordination of redox active metal ions to the amyloid precursor protein and to amyloid-β peptides involved in Alzheimer disease. Part 1: An overview. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
28
|
Faller P, Hureau C, Dorlet P, Hellwig P, Coppel Y, Collin F, Alies B. Methods and techniques to study the bioinorganic chemistry of metal–peptide complexes linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
29
|
Binolfi A, Quintanar L, Bertoncini CW, Griesinger C, Fernández CO. Bioinorganic chemistry of copper coordination to alpha-synuclein: Relevance to Parkinson's disease. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
30
|
Copper, zinc and iron in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and prion diseases). Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
31
|
Jiang D, Rauda I, Han S, Chen S, Zhou F. Aggregation pathways of the amyloid β(1-42) peptide depend on its colloidal stability and ordered β-sheet stacking. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:12711-12721. [PMID: 22870885 PMCID: PMC3464049 DOI: 10.1021/la3021436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils are present as a major component in senile plaques, the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Diffuse plaques (nonfibrous, loosely packed Aβ aggregates) containing amorphous Aβ aggregates are also formed in brain. This work examines the influence of Cu(2+) complexation by Aβ on the aggregation process in the context of charge and structural variations. Changes in the surface charges of Aβ molecules due to Cu(2+) binding, measured with a ζ-potential measurement device, were correlated with the aggregate morphologies examined by atomic force microscopy. As a result of the charge variation, the "colloid-like" stability of the aggregation intermediates, which is essential to the fibrillation process, is affected. Consequently, Cu(2+) enhances the amorphous aggregate formation. By monitoring variations in the secondary structures with circular dichroism spectroscopy, a direct transformation from the unstructured conformation to the β-sheet structure was observed for all types of aggregates observed (oligomers, fibrils, and/or amorphous aggregates). Compared to the Aβ aggregation pathway in the absence of Cu(2+) and taking other factors affecting Aβ aggregation (i.e., pH and temperature) into account, our investigation indicates that formations of amorphous and fibrous aggregates diverge from the same β-sheet-containing partially folded intermediate. This study suggests that the hydrophilic domain of Aβ also plays a role in the Aβ aggregation process. A kinetic model was proposed to account for the effects of the Cu(2+) binding on these two aggregation pathways in terms of charge and structural variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shubo Han
- Department of Natural Sciences, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC
| | | | - Feimeng Zhou
- Corresponding author. Phone: 323-343-2390. Fax: 323-343-6490.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kasper P Kepp
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
He X, Park HM, Hyung SJ, DeToma AS, Kim C, Ruotolo BT, Lim MH. Exploring the reactivity of flavonoid compounds with metal-associated amyloid-β species. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:6558-66. [PMID: 22437427 PMCID: PMC5007133 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12207c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions associated with amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides have been suggested to be involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but this remains unclear and controversial. Some attempts to rationally design or select small molecules with structural moieties for metal chelation and Aβ interaction (i.e., bifunctionality) have been made to gain a better understanding of the hypothesis. In order to contribute to these efforts, four synthetic flavonoid derivatives FL1-FL4 were rationally selected according to the principles of bifunctionality and their abilities to chelate metal ions, interact with Aβ, inhibit metal-induced Aβ aggregation, scavenge radicals, and regulate the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were studied using physical methods and biological assays. The compounds FL1-FL3 were able to chelate metal ions, but showed limited solubility in aqueous buffered solutions. In the case of FL4, which was most compatible with aqueous conditions, its binding affinities for Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) (nM and μM, respectively) were obtained through solution speciation studies. The direct interaction between FL4 and Aβ monomer was weak, which was monitored by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Employing FL1-FL4, no noticeable inhibitory effect on metal-mediated Aβ aggregation was observed. Among FL1-FL4, FL3, having 3-OH, 4-oxo, and 4'-N(CH(3))(2) groups, exhibited similar antioxidant activity to the vitamin E analogue, Trolox, and ca. 60% reduction in the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) generated by Cu(2+)-Aβ in the presence of dioxygen (O(2)) and a reducing agent. Overall, the studies here suggest that although four flavonoid molecules were selected based on expected bifunctionality, their properties and metal-Aβ reactivity were varied depending on the structure differences, demonstrating that bifunctionality must be well tuned to afford desirable reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming He
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216 (USA)
| | - Hyun Min Park
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 139-743 (Korea)
| | - Suk-Joon Hyung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055 (USA)
| | - Alaina S. DeToma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055 (USA)
| | - Cheal Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 139-743 (Korea)
| | - Brandon T. Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055 (USA)
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pithadia AS, Lim MH. Metal-associated amyloid-β species in Alzheimer's disease. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012; 16:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
35
|
Alies B, Badei B, Faller P, Hureau C. Reevaluation of copper(I) affinity for amyloid-β peptides by competition with ferrozine--an unusual copper(I) indicator. Chemistry 2011; 18:1161-7. [PMID: 22189983 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The association constant of ferrozine (5,6-diphenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazine-4,4''-disulfonic acid) with Cu(I) to form the chromophoric [Cu(I)(Fz)(2)](3-) complex was determined by UV/Vis titration experiments in Hepes buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.4). An association constant close to 10(12) M(-2), which is significantly weaker than those of the well-known, water-soluble, Cu(I) chelators bicinchoninic acid and 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenantroline disulfonic acid, was found. The [Cu(I)(Fz)(2)](3-) chromophore was used in UV/Vis competition experiments to determine Cu(I) binding affinity for the amyloid-β peptide involved in Alzheimer's disease and for a series of pertinent mutants. An association constant of approximately 10(7) M(-1) was found; this is much weaker than that reported for dithiothreitol and confirms that imidazoles are harder ligands than thiolates. Each His mutation (H6A, H13A, and H14A) impacts the peptide affinity for Cu(I). The native human amyloid-β peptide was found to be a fourfold-stronger Cu(I) ligand than the murine peptide, which differs by three point mutations (R5G, Y10F, and H13R) from the human one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Alies
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 205, route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pramanik D, Ghosh C, Dey SG. Heme–Cu Bound Aβ Peptides: Spectroscopic Characterization, Reactivity, and Relevance to Alzheimer’s Disease. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:15545-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ja204628b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Pramanik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India 700032
| | - Chandradeep Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India 700032
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India 700032
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Feaga HA, Maduka RC, Foster MN, Szalai VA. Affinity of Cu+ for the copper-binding domain of the amyloid-β peptide of Alzheimer's disease. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:1614-8. [PMID: 21280585 DOI: 10.1021/ic100967s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of metal ions in Alzheimer's disease etiology is unresolved. For the redox-active metal ions iron and copper, the formation of reactive oxygen species by metal amyloid complexes has been proposed to contribute to Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration. For copper, reactive oxygen species are generated by copper redox cycling between its 1+ and 2+ oxidation states. Thus, the AβCu(I) complex is potentially a critical reactant associated with Alzheimer's disease etiology. Through competitive chelation, we have measured the affinity of the soluble copper-binding domain of the amyloid-β peptide for Cu(I). The dissociation constants are in the femtomolar range for both wild-type and histidine-to-alanine mutants. These results indicate that Cu(I) binds more tightly to monomeric amyloid-β than Cu(II) does, which leads us to propose that Cu(I) is a relevant in vivo oxidation state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Feaga
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|