1
|
Jalilehvand F, Homayonia S, Zhang P, Ling CC. Gadolinium(III) complex formation with a β-cyclodextrin ligand: an XAS study of a potential MRI contrast agent. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:805-811. [PMID: 37981582 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
In the search for improved and safer gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, macrocyclic cyclodextrins (CDs) attract great interest. Our group previously synthesized a cyclodextrin-based ligand with 1,2,3-triazolmethyl residues conjugated to β-CD, called β-CD(A), which efficiently chelates Gd(III) ions. To probe the local structure around the Gd(III) ion in the 1:1 Gd(III): β-CD(A) complex in aqueous solution (pH 5.5), we used extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Least-squares curve fitting of the Gd L3-edge EXAFS spectrum revealed 5 Gd-O (4 COO- and 1 H2O) and 4 Gd-N (from two imino and two 1,2,3-triazole groups) bonds around the Gd(III) ion with average distances 2.36 and 2.56 ± 0.02 Å, respectively. A similar EXAFS spectrum was obtained from an aqueous solution of the clinically used MRI contrast agent Na[Gd(DOTA)(H2O)], also 9-coordinated in its first shell. Careful analysis revealed that the mean Gd-N distance is shorter in the Gd(III): β-CD(A) (1:1) complex, indicating stronger Gd-N bonding and stronger Gd(III) complex formation than with the DOTA4- ligand. This is consistent with the lower free Gd3+ concentration found previously for the Gd(III): β-CD(A) (1:1) complex than for the [Gd(DOTA)(H2O)]- complex, and shows its potential as an MRI probe. EXAFS spectroscopy revealed a similar Gd(III) 9-coordination although slightly stronger for a modified β-cyclodextrin: Gd(III) 1:1 complex, [Gd(LH4)]7-, in aqueous solution than for the clinically used MRI contrast agent Na[Gd(DOTA)(H2O)].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Jalilehvand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Saba Homayonia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Chang-Chun Ling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mouchel Dit Leguerrier D, Barré R, Molloy J, Thomas F. Lanthanide complexes as redox and ROS/RNS probes: A new paradigm that makes use of redox-reactive and redox non-innocent ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
3
|
Huang Y, Fan J, Li Y, Fu S, Chen Y, Wu J. Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia With Radionuclide-Labeled Tracers for PET. Front Oncol 2021; 11:731503. [PMID: 34557414 PMCID: PMC8454408 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.731503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic state in a solid tumor refers to the internal hypoxic environment that appears as the tumor volume increases (the maximum radius exceeds 180-200 microns). This state can promote angiogenesis, destroy the balance of the cell’s internal environment, and lead to resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, as well as poor prognostic factors such as metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, accurate quantification, mapping, and monitoring of hypoxia, targeted therapy, and improvement of tumor hypoxia are of great significance for tumor treatment and improving patient survival. Despite many years of development, PET-based hypoxia imaging is still the most widely used evaluation method. This article provides a comprehensive overview of tumor hypoxia imaging using radionuclide-labeled PET tracers. We introduced the mechanism of tumor hypoxia and the reasons leading to the poor prognosis, and more comprehensively included the past, recent and ongoing studies of PET radiotracers for tumor hypoxia imaging. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of mainstream methods for detecting tumor hypoxia are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Junying Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shaozhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Oncology, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fatima A, Ahmad MW, Al Saidi AKA, Choudhury A, Chang Y, Lee GH. Recent Advances in Gadolinium Based Contrast Agents for Bioimaging Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2449. [PMID: 34578765 PMCID: PMC8465722 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd) based contrast agents (CAs) (Gd-CAs) represent one of the most advanced developments in the application of Gd for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Current challenges with existing CAs generated an urgent requirement to develop multimodal CAs with good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and prolonged circulation time. This review discussed the Gd-CAs used in bioimaging applications, addressing their advantages and limitations. Future research is required to establish the safety, efficacy and theragnostic capabilities of Gd-CAs. Nevertheless, these Gd-CAs offer extraordinary potential as imaging CAs and promise to benefit bioimaging applications significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atiya Fatima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, P.O. Box 2509, Salalah 211, Sultanate of Oman;
| | - Md. Wasi Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, P.O. Box 2509, Salalah 211, Sultanate of Oman;
| | - Abdullah Khamis Ali Al Saidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Taegu 702-701, Korea;
| | - Arup Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical & Biological Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Taegu 702-701, Korea;
| | - Gang Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Taegu 702-701, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sembo-Backonly BS, Estour F, Gouhier G. Cyclodextrins: promising scaffolds for MRI contrast agents. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29762-29785. [PMID: 35479531 PMCID: PMC9040919 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool for non-invasive, high-resolution three-dimensional medical imaging of anatomical structures such as organs and tissues. The use of contrast agents based on gadolinium chelates started in 1988 to improve the quality of the image, since researchers and industry focused their attention on the development of more efficient and stable structures. This review is about the state of the art of MRI contrast agents based on cyclodextrin scaffolds. Chemical engineering strategies are herein reported including host-guest inclusion complexation and covalent linkages. It also offers descriptions of the MRI properties and in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications of these emerging macrostructures. It highlights that these supramolecular associations can improve the image contrast, the sensitivity, and the efficiency of MRI diagnosis by targeting cancer tumors and other diseases with success proving the great potential of this natural macrocycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berthe Sandra Sembo-Backonly
- Normandie Université, COBRA UMR 6014, FR 3038, INSA Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF 1 Rue Tesnière 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - François Estour
- Normandie Université, COBRA UMR 6014, FR 3038, INSA Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF 1 Rue Tesnière 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Géraldine Gouhier
- Normandie Université, COBRA UMR 6014, FR 3038, INSA Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF 1 Rue Tesnière 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Travagin F, Lattuada L, Giovenzana GB. AAZTA: The rise of mesocyclic chelating agents for metal coordination in medicine. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
7
|
Cyclodextrin-Based Contrast Agents for Medical Imaging. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235576. [PMID: 33261035 PMCID: PMC7730728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are naturally occurring cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of multiple glucose subunits. CDs are widely used in host–guest chemistry and biochemistry due to their structural advantages, biocompatibility, and ability to form inclusion complexes. Recently, CDs have become of high interest in the field of medical imaging as a potential scaffold for the development of a large variety of the contrast agents suitable for magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound imaging, photoacoustic imaging, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, and computed tomography. The aim of this review is to summarize and highlight the achievements in the field of cyclodextrin-based contrast agents for medical imaging.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hu Y, Wang Y, Wen X, Pan Y, Cheng X, An R, Gao G, Chen HY, Ye D. Responsive Trimodal Probes for In Vivo Imaging of Liver Inflammation by Coassembly and GSH-Driven Disassembly. RESEARCH 2020; 2020:4087069. [PMID: 33029587 PMCID: PMC7520820 DOI: 10.34133/2020/4087069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive in vivo imaging of hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels is essential to early diagnosis and prognosis of acute hepatitis. Although GSH-responsive fluorescence imaging probes have been reported for evaluation of hepatitis conditions, the low penetration depth of light in liver tissue has impeded reliable GSH visualization in the human liver. We present a liver-targeted and GSH-responsive trimodal probe (GdNPs-Gal) for rapid evaluation of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute liver inflammation via noninvasive, real-time in vivo imaging of hepatic GSH depletion. GdNPs-Gal are formed by molecular coassembly of a GSH-responsive Gd(III)-based MRI probe (1-Gd) and a liver-targeted probe (1-Gal) at a mole ratio of 5/1 (1-Gd/1-Gal), which shows high r 1 relaxivity with low fluorescence and fluorine magnetic resonance spectroscopic (19F-MRS) signals. Upon interaction with GSH, 1-Gd and 1-Gal are cleaved and GdNPs-Gal rapidly disassemble into small molecules 2-Gd, 2-Gal, and 3, producing a substantial decline in r 1 relaxivity with compensatory enhancements in fluorescence and 19F-MRS. By combining in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (1H-MRI) with ex vivo fluorescence imaging and 19F-MRS analysis, GdNPs-Gal efficiently detect hepatic GSH using three independent modalities. We noninvasively visualized LPS-induced liver inflammation and longitudinally monitored its remediation in mice after treatment with an anti-inflammatory drug, dexamethasone (DEX). Findings highlight the potential of GdNPs-Gal for in vivo imaging of liver inflammation by integrating molecular coassembly with GSH-driven disassembly, which can be applied to other responsive molecular probes for improved in vivo imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xidan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yifan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruibing An
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guandao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pinto SM, Tomé V, Calvete MJ, Castro MMC, Tóth É, Geraldes CF. Metal-based redox-responsive MRI contrast agents. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
10
|
Abstract
The availability of electrons to biological systems underpins the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) that powers living cells. It is little wonder, therefore, that the sufficiency of electron supply is critical to cellular health. Considering mitochondrial redox activity alone, a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) leads to impaired production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the major energy currency of the cell, whereas excess oxygen (hyperoxia) is associated with elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the interaction of oxygen with electrons that have leaked from the ETC. Furthermore, the redox proteome, which describes the reversible and irreversible redox modifications of proteins, controls many aspects of biological structure and function. Indeed, many major diseases, including cancer and diabetes, are now termed "redox diseases", spurring much interest in the measurement and monitoring of redox states and redox-active species within biological systems. In this Account, we describe recent efforts to develop magnetic resonance (MR) and fluorescence imaging probes for studying redox biology. These two classes of molecular imaging tools have proved to be invaluable in supplementing the structural information that is traditionally provided by MRI and fluorescence microscopy, respectively, with highly sensitive chemical information. Importantly, the study of biological redox processes requires sensors that operate at biologically relevant reduction potentials, which can be achieved by the use of bioinspired redox-sensitive groups. Since oxidation-reduction reactions are so crucial to modulating cellular function and yet also have the potential to damage cellular structures, biological systems have developed highly sophisticated ways to regulate and sense redox changes. There is therefore a plethora of diverse chemical structures in cells with biologically relevant reduction potentials, from transition metals to organic molecules to proteins. These chemical groups can be harnessed in the development of exogenous molecular imaging agents that are well-tuned to biological redox events. To date, small-molecule redox-sensitive tools for oxidative stress and hypoxia have been inspired from four classes of cellular regulators. The redox-sensitive groups found in redox cofactors, such as flavins and nicotinamides, can be used as reversible switches in both fluorescent and MR probes. Enzyme substrates that undergo redox processing within the cell can be modified to provide fluorescence or MR readout while maintaining their selectivity. Redox-active first-row transition metals are central to biological homeostasis, and their marked electronic and magnetic changes upon oxidation/reduction have been used to develop MR sensors. Finally, redox-sensitive amino acids, particularly cysteine, can be utilized in both fluorescent and MR sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J. New
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Champagne PL, Barbot C, Zhang P, Han X, Gaamoussi I, Hubert-Roux M, Bertolesi GE, Gouhier G, Ling CC. Synthesis and Unprecedented Complexation Properties of β-Cyclodextrin-Based Ligand for Lanthanide Ions. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8964-8977. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier-Luc Champagne
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Cécile Barbot
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014, FR 3038, INSA Rouen, CNRS, IRIB, IRCOF 1 rue Tesnière 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Ping Zhang
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Xuekun Han
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Issam Gaamoussi
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014, FR 3038, INSA Rouen, CNRS, IRIB, IRCOF 1 rue Tesnière 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Marie Hubert-Roux
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014, FR 3038, INSA Rouen, CNRS, IRIB, IRCOF 1 rue Tesnière 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Gabriel E. Bertolesi
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Géraldine Gouhier
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014, FR 3038, INSA Rouen, CNRS, IRIB, IRCOF 1 rue Tesnière 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Chang-Chun Ling
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kielar F, Cassino C, Leone L, Tei L, Botta M. Macrocyclic trinuclear gadolinium( iii) complexes: the influence of the linker flexibility on the relaxometric properties. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04696k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The flexibility/rigidity of the linker causes different relaxometric behavior in both mononuclear and trinuclear GdIII complexes based on DO3A-like structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Kielar
- Department of Chemistry, Naresuan University
- Phitsanulok
- Thailand
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale
- I-15121 Alessandria
| | - C. Cassino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale
- I-15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - L. Leone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale
- I-15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - L. Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale
- I-15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - M. Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale
- I-15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ni D, Bu W, Ehlerding EB, Cai W, Shi J. Engineering of inorganic nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:7438-7468. [PMID: 29071327 PMCID: PMC5705441 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly valuable non-invasive imaging tool owing to its exquisite soft tissue contrast, high spatial resolution, lack of ionizing radiation, and wide clinical applicability. Contrast agents (CAs) can be used to further enhance the sensitivity of MRI to obtain information-rich images. Recently, extensive research efforts have been focused on the design and synthesis of high-performance inorganic nanoparticle-based CAs to improve the quality and specificity of MRI. Herein, the basic rules, including the choice of metal ions, effect of electron motion on water relaxation, and involved mechanisms, of CAs for MRI have been elucidated in detail. In particular, various design principles, including size control, surface modification (e.g. organic ligand, silica shell, and inorganic nanolayers), and shape regulation, to impact relaxation of water molecules have been discussed in detail. Comprehensive understanding of how these factors work can guide the engineering of future inorganic nanoparticles with high relaxivity. Finally, we have summarized the currently available strategies and their mechanism for obtaining high-performance CAs and discussed the challenges and future developments of nanoparticulate CAs for clinical translation in MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zgani I, Idriss H, Barbot C, Djedaïni-Pilard F, Petit S, Hubert-Roux M, Estour F, Gouhier G. Positive variation of the MRI signal via intramolecular inclusion complexation of a C-2 functionalized β-cyclodextrin. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:564-569. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02583h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a contrast agent based on a β-cyclodextrin is reported. An enhancement of relaxivity in the presence of an intramolecular inclusion complex is observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I. Zgani
- Normandie Univ
- COBRA
- UMR 6014
- FR 3038
- INSA Rouen
| | - H. Idriss
- Normandie Univ
- COBRA
- UMR 6014
- FR 3038
- INSA Rouen
| | - C. Barbot
- Normandie Univ
- COBRA
- UMR 6014
- FR 3038
- INSA Rouen
| | | | - S. Petit
- Normandie Univ
- SMS
- EA 3233
- 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex
- France
| | | | - F. Estour
- Normandie Univ
- COBRA
- UMR 6014
- FR 3038
- INSA Rouen
| | - G. Gouhier
- Normandie Univ
- COBRA
- UMR 6014
- FR 3038
- INSA Rouen
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang L, Liu R, Peng H, Li P, Xu Z, Whittaker AK. The evolution of gadolinium based contrast agents: from single-modality to multi-modality. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10491-10510. [PMID: 27159645 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00267f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium-based contrast agents are extensively used as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents due to their outstanding signal enhancement and ease of chemical modification. However, it is increasingly recognized that information obtained from single modal molecular imaging cannot satisfy the higher requirements on the efficiency and accuracy for clinical diagnosis and medical research, due to its limitation and default rooted in single molecular imaging technique itself. To compensate for the deficiencies of single function magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, the combination of multi-modality imaging has turned to be the research hotpot in recent years. This review presents an overview on the recent developments of the functionalization of gadolinium-based contrast agents, and their application in biomedicine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advance Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China.
| | - Ruiqing Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advance Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China.
| | - Hui Peng
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.
| | - Penghui Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zushun Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advance Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China.
| | - Andrew K Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Muñoz Úbeda M, Carniato F, Catanzaro V, Padovan S, Grange C, Porta S, Carrera C, Tei L, Digilio G. Gadolinium-Decorated Silica Microspheres as Redox-Responsive MRI Probes for Applications in Cell Therapy Follow-Up. Chemistry 2016; 22:7716-20. [PMID: 27037861 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The redox microenvironment within a cell graft can be considered as an indicator to assess whether the graft is metabolically active or hypoxic. We present a redox-responsive MRI probe based on porous silica microparticles whose surface has been decorated with a Gd-chelate through a disulphide bridge. Such microparticles are designed to be interspersed with therapeutic cells within a biocompatible hydrogel. The onset of reducing conditions within the hydrogel is paralleled by an increased clearance of Gd, that can be detected by MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Muñoz Úbeda
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Fabio Carniato
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Valeria Catanzaro
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science & Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Sergio Padovan
- Institute for Biostructures and Bioimages (CNR) c/o, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Porta
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science & Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science & Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Digilio
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probes Based on Ln3+ Complexes. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
18
|
Tei L, Barge A, Galli M, Pinalli R, Lattuada L, Gianolio E, Aime S. Polyhydroxylated GdDTPA-derivatives as high relaxivity magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15071j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel GdDTPA-like complexes bearing differently branched, highly hydrophilic, gluconyl moieties were synthesized to obtain high relaxivity agents (∼20 mM−1 s−1 at 25 °C) over a wide range of imaging fields (0.5–3 T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”
- 15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Barge
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco
- Università di Torino
- 10125 Torino
- Italy
| | - Matteo Galli
- Bracco Imaging SpA
- Bracco Research Centre
- 10010 Colleretto Giacosa
- Italy
| | - Roberta Pinalli
- Bracco Imaging SpA
- Bracco Research Centre
- 10010 Colleretto Giacosa
- Italy
| | - Luciano Lattuada
- Bracco Imaging SpA
- Bracco Research Centre
- 10010 Colleretto Giacosa
- Italy
| | - Eliana Gianolio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Molecular Imaging Center
- Università di Torino
- Torino
- Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Molecular Imaging Center
- Università di Torino
- Torino
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ekanger LA, Ali MM, Allen MJ. Oxidation-responsive Eu(2+/3+)-liposomal contrast agent for dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:14835-8. [PMID: 25323054 PMCID: PMC4214894 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07027e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An oxidation-responsive contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging was synthesized using Eu(2+) and liposomes. Positive contrast enhancement was observed with Eu(2+), and chemical exchange saturation transfer was observed before and after oxidation of Eu(2+). Orthogonal detection modes render the concentration of Eu inconsequential to molecular information provided through imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levi A Ekanger
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ye D, Shuhendler AJ, Pandit P, Brewer KD, Tee SS, Cui L, Tikhomirov G, Rutt B, Rao J. Caspase-responsive smart gadolinium-based contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of drug-induced apoptosis. Chem Sci 2014; 4:3845-3852. [PMID: 25429349 PMCID: PMC4241271 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive detection of caspase-3/7 activity in vivo has provided invaluable predictive information regarding tumor therapeutic efficacy and anti-tumor drug selection. Although a number of caspase-3/7 targeted fluorescence and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probes have been developed, there is still a lack of gadolinium (Gd)-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes that enable high spatial resolution detection of caspase-3/7 activity in vivo. Here we employ a self-assembly approach and develop a caspase-3/7 activatable Gd-based MRI probe for monitoring tumor apoptosis in mice. Upon reduction and caspase-3/7 activation, the caspase-sensitive nano-aggregation MR probe (C-SNAM: 1) undergoes biocompatible intramolecular cyclization and subsequent self-assembly into Gd-nanoparticles (GdNPs). This results in enhanced r1 relaxivity-19.0 (post-activation) vs. 10.2 mM-1 s-1 (pre-activation) at 1 T in solution-and prolonged accumulation in chemotherapy-induced apoptotic cells and tumors that express active caspase-3/7. We demonstrate that C-SNAM reports caspase-3/7 activity by generating a significantly brighter T1-weighted MR signal compared to non-treated tumors following intravenous administration of C-SNAM, providing great potential for high-resolution imaging of tumor apoptosis in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deju Ye
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Adam J. Shuhendler
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Prachi Pandit
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Kimberly D. Brewer
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Sui Seng Tee
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Lina Cui
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Grigory Tikhomirov
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Brian Rutt
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
- Departments of Radiology Chemistry, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ye D, Pandit P, Kempen P, Lin J, Xiong L, Sinclair R, Rutt B, Rao J. Redox-triggered self-assembly of gadolinium-based MRI probes for sensing reducing environment. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1526-36. [PMID: 24992373 PMCID: PMC4140571 DOI: 10.1021/bc500254g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Controlled
self-assembly of small molecule gadolinium (Gd) complexes
into nanoparticles (GdNPs) is emerging as an effective approach to
design activatable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes and amplify
the r1 relaxivity. Herein, we employ a
reduction-controlled macrocyclization reaction and self-assembly to
develop a redox activated Gd-based MRI probe for sensing a reducing
environment. Upon disulfide reduction at physiological conditions,
an acyclic contrast agent 1 containing dual Gd-chelates
undergoes intramolecular macrocyclization to form rigid and hydrophobic
macrocycles, which subsequently self-assemble into GdNPs, resulting
in a ∼60% increase in r1 relaxivity
at 0.5 T. Probe 1 has high r1 relaxivity (up to 34.2 mM–1 s–1 per molecule at 0.5 T) upon activation, and also shows a high sensitivity
and specificity for MR detection of thiol-containing biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deju Ye
- Molecular Imaging Program, Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Do QN, Ratnakar JS, Kovács Z, Sherry AD. Redox- and hypoxia-responsive MRI contrast agents. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1116-29. [PMID: 24825674 PMCID: PMC4119595 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of responsive or "smart" magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents that can report specific biomarker or biological events has been the focus of MRI contrast agent research over the past 20 years. Among various biological hallmarks of interest, tissue redox and hypoxia are particularly important owing to their roles in disease states and metabolic consequences. Herein we review the development of redox-/hypoxia-sensitive T1 shortening and paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST) MRI contrast agents. Traditionally, the relaxivity of redox-sensitive Gd(3+) -based complexes is modulated through changes in the ligand structure or molecular rotation, while PARACEST sensors exploit the sensitivity of the metal-bound water exchange rate to electronic effects of the ligand-pendant arms and alterations in the coordination geometry. Newer designs involve complexes of redox-active metal ions in which the oxidation states have different magnetic properties. The challenges of translating redox- and hypoxia-sensitive agents in vivo are also addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quyen N. Do
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell, BE26, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - James S. Ratnakar
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell, BE26, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell, BE26, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Martinelli J, Thangavel K, Tei L, Botta M. Dendrimeric β-Cyclodextrin/GdIIIChelate Supramolecular Host-Guest Adducts as High-Relaxivity MRI Probes. Chemistry 2014; 20:10944-52. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Abstract
Biomedical imaging techniques can provide a vast amount of anatomical information, enabling diagnosis and the monitoring of disease and treatment profile. MRI uniquely offers convenient, non-invasive, high resolution tomographic imaging. A considerable amount of effort has been invested, across several decades, in the design of non toxic paramagnetic contrast agents capable of enhancing positive MRI signal contrast. Recently, focus has shifted towards the development of agents capable of specifically reporting on their local biochemical environment, where a switch in image contrast is triggered by a specific stimulus/biochemical variable. Such an ability would not only strengthen diagnosis but also provide unique disease-specific biochemical insight. This feature article focuses on recent progress in the development of MRI contrast switching with molecular, macromolecular and nanoparticle-based agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma-Louise Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gambino G, De Pinto S, Tei L, Cassino C, Arena F, Gianolio E, Botta M. A new ditopic Gd(III) complex functionalized with an adamantyl moiety as a versatile building block for the preparation of supramolecular assemblies. J Biol Inorg Chem 2013; 19:133-43. [PMID: 24100595 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-013-1050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A dimeric GdAAZTA-like complex (AAZTA is 6-amino-6-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepinetetraacetic acid) bearing an adamantyl group (Gd2L1) able to form strong supramolecular adducts with specific hosts such as β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), poly-β-CD, and human serum albumin (HSA) is reported. The relaxometric properties of Gd2L1 were investigated in aqueous solution by measuring the (1)H relaxivity as a function of pH, temperature, and magnetic field strength. The relaxivity of Gd2L1 (per Gd atom) at 40 MHz and 298 K is 17.6 mM(-1) s(-1), a value that remains almost constant at higher fields owing to the great compactness and rigidity of the bimetallic chelate, resulting in an ideal value for the rotational correlation time for high-field MRI applications (1.5-3.0 T). The noncovalent interaction of Gd2L1 with β-CD, poly-β-CD, and HSA and the relaxometric properties of the resulting host-guest adducts were investigated using (1)H relaxometric methods. Relaxivity enhancements of 29 and 108 % were found for Gd2L1-β-CD and Gd2L1-poly-β-CD, respectively. Binding of Gd2L1 to HSA (KA = 1.2 × 10(4) M(-1)) results in a remarkable relaxivity of 41.4 mM(-1) s(-1) for the bound form (+248 %). The relaxivity is only limited by the local rotation of the complex within the binding site, which decreases on passing from Gd2L1-β-CD to Gd2L1-HSA. Finally, the applicability of Gd2L1 as tumor-targeting agent through passive accumulation of the HSA-bound adduct was evaluated via acquisition of magnetic resonance images at 1 T of B16-tumor-bearing mice. These experiments indicate a considerable signal enhancement (+160 %) in tumor after 60 min from the injection and a very low hepatic accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gambino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Promising strategies for Gd-based responsive magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012; 17:158-66. [PMID: 23141598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful imaging modality that is often coupled with paramagnetic contrast agents based on gadolinium to enhance sensitivity and image quality. Responsive contrast agents are key to furthering the diagnostic potential of MRI, both to provide anatomical information and to discern biochemical activity. Recent design of responsive gadolinium-based T₁ agents has made interesting progress, with the development of novel complexes which sense their chemical environment through changes in the coordination of water molecules, the molecular tumbling time or the number of metal centres. Particular promising design strategies include the use of multimeric systems, and the development of dual imaging probes.
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Dang Z, Song LX, Yang J, Chen J, Teng Y. The physical properties and unusual pyrolysis behaviour of a supramolecular complex of β-cyclodextrin and potassium ferrioxalate. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:3006-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt11794k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
30
|
|