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Chu PY, Wu AY, Tsai KY, Hsieh CH, Wu MH. Combination of an Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis (ODEP) Mechanism and a Laminar Flow Pattern in a Microfluidic System for the Continuous Size-Based Sorting and Separation of Microparticles. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:297. [PMID: 38920601 PMCID: PMC11201910 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP)-based microparticle sorting and separation is regarded as promising. However, current methods normally lack the downstream process for the transportation and collection of separated microparticles, which could limit its applications. To address this issue, an ODEP microfluidic chip encompassing three microchannels that join only at the central part of the microchannels (i.e., the working zone) was designed. During operation, three laminar flows were generated in the zone, where two dynamic light bar arrays were designed to sort and separate PS (polystyrene) microbeads of different sizes in a continuous manner. The separated PS microbeads were then continuously transported in laminar flows in a partition manner for the final collection. The results revealed that the method was capable of sorting and separating PS microbeads in a high-purity manner (e.g., the microbead purity values were 89.9 ± 3.7, 88.0 ± 2.5, and 92.8 ± 6.5% for the 5.8, 10.8, and 15.8 μm microbeads harvested, respectively). Overall, this study demonstrated the use of laminar flow and ODEP to achieve size-based sorting, separation, and collection of microparticles in a continuous and high-performance manner. Apart from the demonstration, this method can also be utilized for size-based sorting and the separation of other biological or nonbiological microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Chu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Yun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yu Tsai
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
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Chen B, Sun H, Zhang J, Xu J, Song Z, Zhan G, Bai X, Feng L. Cell-Based Micro/Nano-Robots for Biomedical Applications: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304607. [PMID: 37653591 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nano-robots are powerful tools for biomedical applications and are applied in disease diagnosis, tumor imaging, drug delivery, and targeted therapy. Among the various types of micro-robots, cell-based micro-robots exhibit unique properties because of their different cell sources. In combination with various actuation methods, particularly externally propelled methods, cell-based microrobots have enormous potential for biomedical applications. This review introduces recent progress and applications of cell-based micro/nano-robots. Different actuation methods for micro/nano-robots are summarized, and cell-based micro-robots with different cell templates are introduced. Furthermore, the review focuses on the combination of cell-based micro/nano-robots with precise control using different external fields. Potential challenges, further prospects, and clinical translations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zeyu Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guangdong Zhan
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Hou Y, Wang H, Fu R, Wang X, Yu J, Zhang S, Huang Q, Sun Y, Fukuda T. A review on microrobots driven by optical and magnetic fields. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:848-868. [PMID: 36629004 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00573e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to their small sizes, microrobots are advantageous for accessing hard-to-reach spaces for delivery and measurement. However, their small sizes also bring challenges in on-board powering, thus usually requiring actuation by external energy. Microrobots actuated by external energy have been applied to the fields of physics, biology, medical science, and engineering. Among these actuation sources, light and magnetic fields show advantages in high precision and high biocompatibility. This paper reviews the recent advances in the design, actuation, and applications of microrobots driven by light and magnetic fields. For light-driven microrobots, we summarized the uses of optical tweezers, optoelectronic tweezers, and heat-mediated optical manipulation techniques. For magnetically driven microrobots, we summarized the uses of torque-driven microrobots, force-driven microrobots, and shape-deformable microrobots. Then, we compared the two types of field-driven microrobots and reviewed their advantages and disadvantages. The paper concludes with an outlook for the joint use of optical and magnetic field actuation in microrobots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhen Hou
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huaping Wang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongxin Fu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jiangfan Yu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society (AIRS), Shenzhen 518129, China
| | - Shuailong Zhang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Toshio Fukuda
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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Bian X, Huang H, Chen L, Shen X. Droplet Tweezers Based on the Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Interface Structure and Their Biological Application. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13522-13531. [PMID: 36288502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Droplet controllable operation has wide applications in microfluidics, biomedicine, microreactors, and other fields. Droplets can spontaneously transfer from a high-energy state to a low-energy state, but how to reverse transfer the droplets is a difficult task. In this article, we use a special hydrophilic-hydrophobic interphase structure (HHIS) to achieve this reverse transfer. We specifically study the critical conditions under which droplet transfer can be achieved. The length of the hydrophilic surface in this structure and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of the surface must be in the appropriate range. Based on this, an optimized structure used to transfer droplets was designed. Finally, we carried out research on biological applications and successfully achieved the transfer of droplets from zebrafish eggs and zebrafish larvae. This unique method is low-cost, biofriendly, and highly applicable to various surfaces, illustrating the great potential in chemical and biological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongheng Bian
- ChinaSchool of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Haibo Huang
- Robotics & Microsystem Center & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123,China
| | - Liguo Chen
- Robotics & Microsystem Center & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123,China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- ChinaSchool of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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Bian X, Chen L, Ma L, Shen X. Chopstick-Like Structure for the Free Transfer of Microdroplets in Robot Chemistry Laboratory. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13150-13157. [PMID: 36269326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As we all know, chopsticks can hold food, so can we use this method to carry Newtonian fluids such as droplets? This paper studies the process of this transfer and uses this method to realize the manipulation of open microfluidics by robots. To realize this transfer operation, we first analyzed the force of droplets in this chopstick-like structure and found that the bidirectional movement of droplets in this structure can be achieved by changing the structural parameters. Afterward, the whole process of the transfer of droplets using the chopstick-like structure was analyzed, and the parameter requirements for realizing this transfer were determined. The research in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the controllable manipulation of droplets which can be widely used in unmanned laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongheng Bian
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong226019, China
| | - Liguo Chen
- Robotics & Microsystem Center & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Lei Ma
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong226019, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong226019, China
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The Utilization of Tunable Transducer Elements Formed by the Manipulation of Magnetic Beads with Different Sizes via Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis (ODEP) for High Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) and Multiplex Fluorescence-Based Biosensing Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090755. [PMID: 36140140 PMCID: PMC9496456 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic beads improve biosensing performance by means of their small volume and controllability by magnetic force. In this study, a new technique composed of optically induced dielectrodphoresis (ODEP) manipulation and image processing was used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the fluorescence for stained magnetic beads. According to natural advantages of size-dependent particle isolation by ODEP manipulation, biomarkers in clinical samples can be easily separated by different sizes of magnetic beads with corresponding captured antibodies, and rapidly distinguished by separated location of immunofluorescence. To verify the feasibility of the concept, magnetic beads with three different diameters, including 21.8, 8.7, and 4.2 μm, were easily separated and collected into specific patterns in the defined target zone treated as three dynamic transducer elements to evaluate fluorescence results. In magnetic beads with diameter of 4.2 μm, the lowest signal-to-noise ratio between stained and nonstained magnetic beads was 3.5. With the help of ODEP accumulation and detection threshold setting of 32, the signal-to-noise ratio was increased to 77.4, which makes this method more reliable. With the further optimization of specific antibodies immobilized on different-size magnetic beads in the future, this platform can be a potential candidate for a high-efficiency sensor array in clinical applications.
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Zhang S, Xu B, Elsayed M, Nan F, Liang W, Valley JK, Liu L, Huang Q, Wu MC, Wheeler AR. Optoelectronic tweezers: a versatile toolbox for nano-/micro-manipulation. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9203-9242. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00359g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the fundamentals, recent progress and state-of-the-art applications of optoelectronic tweezers technology, and demonstrates that optoelectronic tweezers technology is a versatile and powerful toolbox for nano-/micro-manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailong Zhang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Room 711, Building No 6, Science and Technology Park, 5 Zhongguancun South St, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bingrui Xu
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Room 711, Building No 6, Science and Technology Park, 5 Zhongguancun South St, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mohamed Elsayed
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Fan Nan
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Wenfeng Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, 110168, China
| | - Justin K. Valley
- Berkeley Lights, Inc, 5858 Horton Street #320, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Room 711, Building No 6, Science and Technology Park, 5 Zhongguancun South St, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ming C. Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Aaron R. Wheeler
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
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Liang S, Gan C, Dai Y, Zhang C, Bai X, Zhang S, Wheeler AR, Chen H, Feng L. Interaction between positive and negative dielectric microparticles/microorganism in optoelectronic tweezers. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4379-4389. [PMID: 34596652 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00610j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic tweezers (OET) is a noncontact micromanipulation technology for controlling microparticles and cells. In the OET, it is necessary to configure a medium with different electrical properties to manipulate different particles and to avoid the interaction between two particles. Here, a new method exploiting the interaction between different dielectric properties of micro-objects to achieve the trapping, transport, and release of particles in the OET system was proposed. Besides, the effect of interaction between the micro-objects with positive and negative dielectric properties was simulated by the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method. In addition, compared with conventional OET systems relying on fabrication processes involving the assembly of photoelectric materials, a contactless OET platform with an iPad-based wireless-control interface was established to achieve convenient control. Finally, this platform was used in the interaction of swimming microorganisms (positive-dielectric properties) with microparticles (negative-dielectric properties) at different scales. It showed that one particle could interact with 5 particles simultaneously, indicating that the interaction can be applied to enhance the high-throughput transportation capacities of the OET system and assemble some special microstructures. Owing to the low power, microorganisms were free from adverse influence during the experiment. In the future, the interaction of particles in a simple OET platform is a promising alternative in micro-nano manipulation for controlling drug release from uncontaminated cells in targeted therapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhang Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Chunyuan Gan
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yuguo Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Chaonan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Shuailong Zhang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Huawei Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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9
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Reconfigurable multi-component micromachines driven by optoelectronic tweezers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5349. [PMID: 34504081 PMCID: PMC8429428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in the development of micromotors which can convert energy to motion in sub-millimeter dimensions. Micromachines take the micromotor concept a step further, comprising complex systems in which multiple components work in concert to effectively realize complex mechanical tasks. Here we introduce light-driven micromotors and micromachines that rely on optoelectronic tweezers (OET). Using a circular micro-gear as a unit component, we demonstrate a range of new functionalities, including a touchless micro-feed-roller that allows the programming of precise three-dimensional particle trajectories, multi-component micro-gear trains that serve as torque- or velocity-amplifiers, and micro-rack-and-pinion systems that serve as microfluidic valves. These sophisticated systems suggest great potential for complex micromachines in the future, for application in microrobotics, micromanipulation, microfluidics, and beyond. Light-driven micromotors can convert energy to motion in sub-millimeter dimensions. Here, the authors extend this concept and introduce reconfigurable micromachines with multiple components, driven by optoelectronic tweezers, and demonstrate new functionalities.
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Zhang S, Li W, Elsayed M, Peng J, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Shayegannia M, Dou W, Wang T, Sun Y, Kherani NP, Neale SL, Wheeler AR. Integrated Assembly and Photopreservation of Topographical Micropatterns. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103702. [PMID: 34390185 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Micromanipulation techniques that are capable of assembling nano/micromaterials into usable structures such as topographical micropatterns (TMPs) have proliferated rapidly in recent years, holding great promise in building artificial electronic and photonic microstructures. Here, a method is reported for forming TMPs based on optoelectronic tweezers in either "bottom-up" or "top-down" modes, combined with in situ photopolymerization to form permanent structures. This work demonstrates that the assembled/cured TMPs can be harvested and transferred to alternate substrates, and illustrates that how permanent conductive traces and capacitive circuits can be formed, paving the way toward applications in microelectronics. The integrated, optical assembly/preservation method described here is accessible, versatile, and applicable for a wide range of materials and structures, suggesting utility for myriad microassembly and microfabrication applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailong Zhang
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Weizhen Li
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Mohamed Elsayed
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Jiaxi Peng
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Moein Shayegannia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Wenkun Dou
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Tiancong Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Nazir P Kherani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Steven L Neale
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
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11
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Shi L, Ding H, Zhong X, Yin B, Liu Z, Zhou T. Mixing Mechanism of Microfluidic Mixer with Staggered Virtual Electrode Based on Light-Actuated AC Electroosmosis. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12070744. [PMID: 34202893 PMCID: PMC8306084 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel microfluidic mixer with staggered virtual electrode based on light-actuated AC electroosmosis (LACE). We solve the coupled system of the flow field described by Navier–Stokes equations, the described electric field by a Laplace equation, and the concentration field described by a convection–diffusion equation via a finite-element method (FEM). Moreover, we study the distribution of the flow, electric, and concentration fields in the microchannel, and reveal the generating mechanism of the rotating vortex on the cross-section of the microchannel and the mixing mechanism of the fluid sample. We also explore the influence of several key geometric parameters such as the length, width, and spacing of the virtual electrode, and the height of the microchannel on mixing performance; the relatively optimal mixer structure is thus obtained. The current micromixer provides a favorable fluid-mixing method based on an optical virtual electrode, and could promote the comprehensive integration of functions in modern microfluidic-analysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyong Shi
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.S.); (H.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hanghang Ding
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.S.); (H.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiangtao Zhong
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.S.); (H.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Binfeng Yin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China;
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China;
| | - Teng Zhou
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.S.); (H.D.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-186-8963-7366
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Kwizera EA, Sun M, White AM, Li J, He X. Methods of Generating Dielectrophoretic Force for Microfluidic Manipulation of Bioparticles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2043-2063. [PMID: 33871975 PMCID: PMC8205986 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of microscale bioparticles including living cells is of great significance to the broad bioengineering and biotechnology fields. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), which is defined as the interactions between dielectric particles and the electric field, is one of the most widely used techniques for the manipulation of bioparticles including cell separation, sorting, and trapping. Bioparticles experience a DEP force if they have a different polarization from the surrounding media in an electric field that is nonuniform in terms of the intensity and/or phase of the electric field. A comprehensive literature survey shows that the DEP-based microfluidic devices for manipulating bioparticles can be categorized according to the methods of creating the nonuniformity via patterned microchannels, electrodes, and media to generate the DEP force. These methods together with the theory of DEP force generation are described in this review, to provide a summary of the methods and materials that have been used to manipulate various bioparticles for various specific biological outcomes. Further developments of DEP-based technologies include identifying materials that better integrate with electrodes than current popular materials (silicone/glass) and improving the performance of DEP manipulation of bioparticles by combining it with other methods of handling bioparticles. Collectively, DEP-based microfluidic manipulation of bioparticles holds great potential for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyahb A. Kwizera
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Mingrui Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Alisa M. White
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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13
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Liang S, Cao Y, Dai Y, Wang F, Bai X, Song B, Zhang C, Gan C, Arai F, Feng L. A Versatile Optoelectronic Tweezer System for Micro-Objects Manipulation: Transportation, Patterning, Sorting, Rotating and Storage. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030271. [PMID: 33800834 PMCID: PMC8000357 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-contact manipulation technology has a wide range of applications in the manipulation and fabrication of micro/nanomaterials. However, the manipulation devices are often complex, operated only by professionals, and limited by a single manipulation function. Here, we propose a simple versatile optoelectronic tweezer (OET) system that can be easily controlled for manipulating microparticles with different sizes. In this work, we designed and established an optoelectronic tweezer manipulation system. The OET system could be used to manipulate particles with a wide range of sizes from 2 μm to 150 μm. The system could also manipulate micro-objects of different dimensions like 1D spherical polystyrene microspheres, 2D rod-shaped euglena gracilis, and 3D spiral microspirulina. Optical microscopic patterns for trapping, storing, parallel transporting, and patterning microparticles were designed for versatile manipulation. The sorting, rotation, and assembly of single particles in a given region were experimentally demonstrated. In addition, temperatures measured under different objective lenses indicate that the system does not generate excessive heat to damage bioparticles. The non-contact versatile manipulation reduces operating process and contamination. In future work, the simple optoelectronic tweezers system can be used to control non-contaminated cell interaction and micro-nano manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhang Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (S.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.D.); (X.B.); (B.S.); (C.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Yuqing Cao
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (S.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.D.); (X.B.); (B.S.); (C.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Yuguo Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (S.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.D.); (X.B.); (B.S.); (C.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Fenghui Wang
- BEIGE Institue of Robot & Intelligent Manufacturing, Weifang 261000, China;
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (S.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.D.); (X.B.); (B.S.); (C.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Bin Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (S.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.D.); (X.B.); (B.S.); (C.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Chaonan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (S.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.D.); (X.B.); (B.S.); (C.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Chunyuan Gan
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (S.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.D.); (X.B.); (B.S.); (C.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Fumihito Arai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (S.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.D.); (X.B.); (B.S.); (C.Z.); (C.G.)
- BEIGE Institue of Robot & Intelligent Manufacturing, Weifang 261000, China;
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-8231-6603
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14
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Peng HY, Yang CM, Chen YP, Liu HL, Chen TC, Pijanowska DG, Chu PY, Hsieh CH, Wu MH. An integrated actuating and sensing system for light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) and light-actuated AC electroosmosis (LACE) operation. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:024109. [PMID: 33868536 PMCID: PMC8043754 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To develop a lab on a chip (LOC) integrated with both sensor and actuator functions, a novel two-in-one system based on optical-driven manipulation and sensing in a microfluidics setup based on a hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) layer on an indium tin oxide/glass is first realized. A high-intensity discharge xenon lamp functioned as the light source, a chopper functioned as the modulated illumination for a certain frequency, and a self-designed optical path projected on the digital micromirror device controlled by the digital light processing module was established as the illumination input signal with the ability of dynamic movement of projected patterns. For light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) operation, alternating current (AC)-modulated illumination with a frequency of 800 Hz can be generated by the rotation speed of the chopper for photocurrent vs bias voltage characterization. The pH sensitivity, drift coefficient, and hysteresis width of the Si3N4 LAPS are 52.8 mV/pH, -3.2 mV/h, and 10.5 mV, respectively, which are comparable to the results from the conventional setup. With an identical two-in-one system, direct current illumination without chopper rotation and an AC bias voltage can be provided to an a-Si:H chip with a manipulation speed of 20 μm/s for magnetic beads with a diameter of 1 μm. The collection of magnetic beads by this light-actuated AC electroosmosis (LACE) operation at a frequency of 10 kHz can be easily realized. A fully customized design of an illumination path with less decay can be suggested to obtain a high efficiency of manipulation and a high signal-to-noise ratio of sensing. With this proposed setup, a potential LOC system based on LACE and LAPS is verified with the integration of a sensor and an actuator in a microfluidics setup for future point-of-care testing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chia-Ming Yang
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +886-3-2118800 ext.: 5960 and . Tel.: +886-3-2118800 ext.: 3599
| | - Yu-Ping Chen
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Cheng Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Dorota G. Pijanowska
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Science, IBBE PAS 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Po-Yu Chu
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | | | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +886-3-2118800 ext.: 5960 and . Tel.: +886-3-2118800 ext.: 3599
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15
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Miyagawa A, Okada T. Particle Manipulation with External Field; From Recent Advancement to Perspectives. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:69-78. [PMID: 32921654 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20sar03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Physical forces, such as dielectric, magnetic, electric, optical, and acoustic force, provide useful principles for the manipulation of particles, which are impossible or difficult with other approaches. Microparticles, including polymer particles, liquid droplets, and biological cells, can be trapped at a particular position and are also transported to arbitrary locations in an appropriate external physical field. Since the force can be externally controlled by the field strength, we can evaluate physicochemical properties of particles from the shift of the particle location. Most of the manipulation studies are conducted for particles of sub-micrometer or larger dimensions, because the force exerted on nanomaterials or molecules is so weak that their direct manipulation is generally difficult. However, the behavior, interactions, and reactions of such small substances can be indirectly evaluated by observing microparticles, on which the targets are tethered, in a physical field. We review the recent advancements in the manipulation of particles using a physical force and discuss its potentials, advantages, and limitations from fundamental and practical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Miyagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan.
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16
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Chu PY, Hsieh CH, Wu MH. The Combination of Immunomagnetic Bead-Based Cell Isolation and Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis (ODEP)-Based Microfluidic Device for the Negative Selection-Based Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs). Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:921. [PMID: 32903713 PMCID: PMC7438881 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative selection-based circulating tumor cell (CTC) isolation is able to harvest viable, label-free, and clinically meaningful CTCs from the cancer patients' blood. Nevertheless, its main shortcoming is its inability to isolate high-purity CTCs, restricting subsequent CTC-related analysis. To address this issue, this study proposed a two-step optically-induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) cell manipulation to process the cell sample harvested by negative selection-/immunomagnetic microbeads-based CTC isolation. The working mechanism is that the ODEP force acting on the cells with and without magnetic microbeads binding is different. Accordingly, the use of ODEP cell manipulation in a microfluidic system was designed to first separate and then isolate the cancer cells from other magnetic microbead-bound cells. Immunofluorescent microscopic observation and ODEP cell manipulation were then performed to refine the purity of the cancer cells. In this study, the optimum operating conditions for effective cell isolation were determined experimentally. The results revealed that the presented method was able to further refine the purity of cancer cell in the sample obtained after negative selection-based CTC isolation with high cell purity (81.6~86.1%). Overall, this study proposed the combination of immunomagnetic bead-based cell isolation and ODEP cell manipulation for the negative selection-based isolation of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Chu
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (Linkou), Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (Linkou), Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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17
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Chu PY, Hsieh CH, Lin CR, Wu MH. The Effect of Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis (ODEP)-Based Cell Manipulation in a Microfluidic System on the Properties of Biological Cells. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10060065. [PMID: 32560153 PMCID: PMC7345979 DOI: 10.3390/bios10060065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell manipulation using optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) in microfluidic systems has attracted the interest of scientists due to its simplicity. Although this technique has been successfully demonstrated for various applications, one fundamental issue has to be addressed—Whether, the ODEP field affects the native properties of cells. To address this issue, we explored the effect of ODEP electrical conditions on cellular properties. Within the experimental conditions tested, the ODEP-based cell manipulation with the largest velocity occurred at 10 Vpp and 1 MHz, for the two cancer cell types explored. Under this operating condition, however, the cell viability of cancer cells was significantly affected (e.g., 70.5 ± 10.0% and 50.6 ± 9.2% reduction for the PC-3 and SK-BR-3 cancer cells, respectively). Conversely, the exposure of cancer cells to the ODEP electrical conditions of 7–10 Vpp and 3–5 MHz did not significantly alter the cell viability, cell metabolic activity, and the EpCAM, VIM, and ABCC1 gene expression of cancer cells. Overall, this study fundamentally investigated the effect of ODEP electrical conditions on the cellular properties of cancer cells. The information obtained is crucially important for the utilization of ODEP-based cell manipulation in a microscale system for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Chu
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal Hospital, New Taipei City 23600, Taiwan;
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ru Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118-800 (ext. 3599)
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18
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Liang W, Liu L, Wang J, Yang X, Wang Y, Li WJ, Yang W. A Review on Optoelectrokinetics-Based Manipulation and Fabrication of Micro/Nanomaterials. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11010078. [PMID: 31936694 PMCID: PMC7019850 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optoelectrokinetics (OEK), a fusion of optics, electrokinetics, and microfluidics, has been demonstrated to offer a series of extraordinary advantages in the manipulation and fabrication of micro/nanomaterials, such as requiring no mask, programmability, flexibility, and rapidness. In this paper, we summarize a variety of differently structured OEK chips, followed by a discussion on how they are fabricated and the ways in which they work. We also review how three differently sized polystyrene beads can be separated simultaneously, how a variety of nanoparticles can be assembled, and how micro/nanomaterials can be fabricated into functional devices. Another focus of our paper is on mask-free fabrication and assembly of hydrogel-based micro/nanostructures and its possible applications in biological fields. We provide a summary of the current challenges facing the OEK technique and its future prospects at the end of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China; (W.L.); (J.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
- CAS-CityU Joint Laboratory on Robotics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (W.J.L.); Tel.: +86-24-2397-0181 (L.L.); +852-3442-9266 (W.J.L.)
| | - Junhai Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China; (W.L.); (J.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xieliu Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China; (W.L.); (J.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yuechao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
- CAS-CityU Joint Laboratory on Robotics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wen Jung Li
- CAS-CityU Joint Laboratory on Robotics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (W.J.L.); Tel.: +86-24-2397-0181 (L.L.); +852-3442-9266 (W.J.L.)
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
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19
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Liang W, Liu L, Zhang H, Wang Y, Li WJ. Optoelectrokinetics-based microfluidic platform for bioapplications: A review of recent advances. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:051502. [PMID: 31558919 PMCID: PMC6748859 DOI: 10.1063/1.5116737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of optoelectrokinetics (OEK) into lab-on-a-chip systems has facilitated a new cutting-edge technique-the OEK-based micro/nanoscale manipulation, separation, and assembly processes-for the microfluidics community. This technique offers a variety of extraordinary advantages such as programmability, flexibility, high biocompatibility, low-cost mass production, ultralow optical power requirement, reconfigurability, rapidness, and ease of integration with other microfluidic units. This paper reviews the physical mechanisms that govern the manipulation of micro/nano-objects in microfluidic environments as well as applications related to OEK-based micro/nanoscale manipulation-applications that span from single-cell manipulation to single-molecular behavior determination. This paper wraps up with a discussion of the current challenges and future prospects for the OEK-based microfluidics technique. The conclusion is that this technique will allow more opportunities for biomedical and bioengineering researchers to improve lab-on-a-chip technologies and will have far-reaching implications for biorelated researches and applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Hemin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | | | - Wen Jung Li
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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20
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Zhang S, Li W, Elsayed M, Tian P, Clark AW, Wheeler AR, Neale SL. Size-scaling effects for microparticles and cells manipulated by optoelectronic tweezers. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:4171-4174. [PMID: 31465355 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the use of optoelectronic tweezers (OET) to manipulate objects that are larger than those commonly positioned with standard optical tweezers. We studied the forces that could be produced on differently sized polystyrene microbeads and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with light-induced dielectrophoresis (DEP). It was found that the DEP force imposed on the bead/cell did not increase linearly with the volume of the bead/cell, primarily because of the non-uniform distribution of the electric field above the OET bottom plate. Although this size-scaling work focuses on microparticles and cells, we propose that the physical mechanism elucidated in this research will be insightful for other micro-objects, biological samples, and micro-actuators undergoing OET manipulation.
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21
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Zhang S, Scott EY, Singh J, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Elsayed M, Chamberlain MD, Shakiba N, Adams K, Yu S, Morshead CM, Zandstra PW, Wheeler AR. The optoelectronic microrobot: A versatile toolbox for micromanipulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14823-14828. [PMID: 31289234 PMCID: PMC6660717 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903406116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microrobotics extends the reach of human-controlled machines to submillimeter dimensions. We introduce a microrobot that relies on optoelectronic tweezers (OET) that is straightforward to manufacture, can take nearly any desirable shape or form, and can be programmed to carry out sophisticated, multiaxis operations. One particularly useful program is a serial combination of "load," "transport," and "deliver," which can be applied to manipulate a wide range of micrometer-dimension payloads. Importantly, microrobots programmed in this manner are much gentler on fragile mammalian cells than conventional OET techniques. The microrobotic system described here was demonstrated to be useful for single-cell isolation, clonal expansion, RNA sequencing, manipulation within enclosed systems, controlling cell-cell interactions, and isolating precious microtissues from heterogeneous mixtures. We propose that the optoelectronic microrobotic system, which can be implemented using a microscope and consumer-grade optical projector, will be useful for a wide range of applications in the life sciences and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailong Zhang
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Erica Y Scott
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Jastaranpreet Singh
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Mohamed Elsayed
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - M Dean Chamberlain
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Nika Shakiba
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Kelsey Adams
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Siyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
- Photonics Group, Merchant Venturers School of Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1UB Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Peter W Zandstra
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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22
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Zhang S, Shakiba N, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Tian P, Singh J, Chamberlain MD, Satkauskas M, Flood AG, Kherani NP, Yu S, Zandstra PW, Wheeler AR. Patterned Optoelectronic Tweezers: A New Scheme for Selecting, Moving, and Storing Dielectric Particles and Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1803342. [PMID: 30307718 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical micromanipulation has become popular for a wide range of applications. In this work, a new type of optical micromanipulation platform, patterned optoelectronic tweezers (p-OET), is introduced. In p-OET devices, the photoconductive layer (that is continuous in a conventional OET device) is patterned, forming regions in which the electrode layer is locally exposed. It is demonstrated that micropatterns in the photoconductive layer are useful for repelling unwanted particles/cells, and also for keeping selected particles/cells in place after turning off the light source, minimizing light-induced heating. To clarify the physical mechanism behind these effects, systematic simulations are carried out, which indicate the existence of strong nonuniform electric fields at the boundary of micropatterns. The simulations are consistent with experimental observations, which are explored for a wide variety of geometries and conditions. It is proposed that the new technique may be useful for myriad applications in the rapidly growing area of optical micromanipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailong Zhang
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Nika Shakiba
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Pengfei Tian
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jastaranpreet Singh
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - M Dean Chamberlain
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Monika Satkauskas
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew G Flood
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Nazir P Kherani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Siyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Photonics Group, Merchant Venturers School of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81UB, UK
| | - Peter W Zandstra
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Medicine by Design, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
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Lee CW, Tseng FG. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based biomicrofluidics systems for trace protein analysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:011502. [PMID: 29430272 PMCID: PMC5780278 DOI: 10.1063/1.5012909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has been widely applied to many different areas, including chemical analysis, biomolecule detection, bioagent diagnostics, DNA sequence, and environmental monitor, due to its capabilities of unlabeled fingerprint identification, high sensitivity, and rapid detection. In biomicrofluidic systems, it is also very powerful to integrate SERS based devices with specified micro-fluid flow fields to further focusing/enhancing/multiplexing SERS signals through molecule registration, concentration/accumulation, and allocation. In this review, after a brief introduction of the mechanism of SERS detection on proteins, we will first focus on the effectiveness of different nanostructures for SERS enhancement and light-to-heat conversion in trace protein analysis. Various protein molecule accumulation schemes by either (bio-)chemical or physical ways, such as immuno, electrochemical, Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and magnetic, will then be reviewed for further SERS signal amplification. The analytical and repeatability/stability issues of SERS detection on proteins will also be brought up for possible solutions. Then, the comparison about various ways employing microfluidic systems to register, concentrate, and enhance the signals of SERS and reduce the background noise by active or passive means to manipulate SERS nanostructures and protein molecules will be elaborated. Finally, we will carry on the discussion on the challenges and opportunities by introducing SERS into biomicrofluidic systems and their potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Lee
- Department of Engineering and System, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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24
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Rodrigo JA. Fast optoelectric printing of plasmonic nanoparticles into tailored circuits. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46506. [PMID: 28406226 PMCID: PMC5390277 DOI: 10.1038/srep46506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles are able to control light at nanometre-scale by coupling electromagnetic fields to the oscillations of free electrons in metals. Deposition of such nanoparticles onto substrates with tailored patterns is essential, for example, in fabricating plasmonic structures for enhanced sensing. This work presents an innovative micro-patterning technique, based on optoelectic printing, for fast and straightforward fabrication of curve-shaped circuits of plasmonic nanoparticles deposited onto a transparent electrode often used in optoelectronics, liquid crystal displays, touch screens, etc. We experimentally demonstrate that this kind of plasmonic structure, printed by using silver nanoparticles of 40 nm, works as a plasmonic enhanced optical device allowing for polarized-color-tunable light scattering in the visible. These findings have potential applications in biosensing and fabrication of future optoelectronic devices combining the benefits of plasmonic sensing and the functionality of transparent electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Rodrigo
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
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25
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Zhang Y, Wittstock G. A Platform for Electric Field Aided and Wire-Guided Droplet Manipulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1601691. [PMID: 27860309 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Small droplets can be manipulated based on controlling the adhesion work to a hydrophobic wire. The wire can be used to pick up, transport, and lay down droplets with volumes between picoliters to microliters avoiding the sliding of droplets over chip surfaces. Handling of droplets on surfaces with large steps such as engraved wells or channels is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Zhang
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Center of Interface Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, D-26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gunther Wittstock
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Center of Interface Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, D-26111, Oldenburg, Germany
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26
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Yan S, Zhang J, Yuan D, Li W. Hybrid microfluidics combined with active and passive approaches for continuous cell separation. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:238-249. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Dan Yuan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
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27
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Wu HW, Huang YS, Lee HY, Tsai WH, Chen KY, Jian LY. High efficiency light-induced dielectrophoresis biochip prepared using CVD techniques. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:79. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Çetin B, Özer MB, Çağatay E, Büyükkoçak S. An integrated acoustic and dielectrophoretic particle manipulation in a microfluidic device for particle wash and separation fabricated by mechanical machining. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:014112. [PMID: 26865905 PMCID: PMC4733080 DOI: 10.1063/1.4940431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, acoustophoresis and dielectrophoresis are utilized in an integrated manner to combine the two different operations on a single polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip in sequential manner, namely, particle wash (buffer exchange) and particle separation. In the washing step, particles are washed with buffer solution with low conductivity for dielectrophoretic based separation to avoid the adverse effects of Joule heating. Acoustic waves generated by piezoelectric material are utilized for washing, which creates standing waves along the whole width of the channel. Coupled electro-mechanical acoustic 3D multi-physics analysis showed that the position and orientation of the piezoelectric actuators are critical for successful operation. A unique mold is designed for the precise alignment of the piezoelectric materials and 3D side-wall electrodes for a highly reproducible fabrication. To achieve the throughput matching of acoustophoresis and dielectrophoresis in the integration, 3D side-wall electrodes are used. The integrated device is fabricated by PDMS molding. The mold of the integrated device is fabricated using high-precision mechanical machining. With a unique mold design, the placements of the two piezoelectric materials and the 3D sidewall electrodes are accomplished during the molding process. It is shown that the proposed device can handle the wash and dielectrophoretic separation successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbaros Çetin
- Microfluidics & Lab-on-a-chip Research Group, Mechanical Engineering Department, İhsan Dog̃ramacı Bilkent University , Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bülent Özer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology , Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Erdem Çağatay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology , Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Büyükkoçak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology , Ankara 06560, Turkey
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29
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Miyazako H, Mabuchi K, Hoshino T. Spatiotemporal Control of Electrokinetic Transport in Nanofluidics Using an Inverted Electron-Beam Lithography System. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6595-6603. [PMID: 25996098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation techniques of biomolecules have been proposed for biochemical analysis which combine electrokinetic dynamics, such as electrophoresis or electroosmotic flow, with optical manipulation to provide high throughput and high spatial degrees of freedom. However, there are still challenging problems in nanoscale manipulation due to the diffraction limit of optics. We propose here a new manipulation technique for spatiotemporal control of chemical transport in nanofluids using an inverted electron-beam (EB) lithography system for liquid samples. By irradiating a 2.5 keV EB to a liquid sample through a 100-nm-thick SiN membrane, negative charges can be generated within the SiN membrane, and these negative charges can induce a highly focused electric field in the liquid sample. We showed that the EB-induced negative charges could induce fluid flow, which was strong enough to manipulate 240 nm nanoparticles in water, and we verified that the main dynamics of this EB-induced fluid flow was electroosmosis caused by changing the zeta potential of the SiN membrane surface. Moreover, we demonstrated manipulation of a single nanoparticle and concentration patterning of nanoparticles by scanning EB. Considering the shortness of the EB wavelength and Debye length in buffer solutions, we expect that our manipulation technique will be applied to nanomanipulation of biomolecules in biochemical analysis and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miyazako
- †Department of Information Physics and Computing, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, and ‡Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Mabuchi
- †Department of Information Physics and Computing, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, and ‡Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hoshino
- †Department of Information Physics and Computing, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, and ‡Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Wang KC, Kumar A, Williams SJ, Green NG, Kim KC, Chuang HS. An optoelectrokinetic technique for programmable particle manipulation and bead-based biosignal enhancement. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3958-67. [PMID: 25109364 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00661e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Technologies that can enable concentration of low-abundance biomarkers are essential for early diagnosis of diseases. In this study, an optoelectrokinetic technique, termed Rapid Electrokinetic Patterning (REP), was used to enable dynamic particle manipulation in bead-based bioassays. Various manipulation capabilities, such as micro/nanoparticle aggregation, translation, sorting and patterning, were developed. The technique allows for versatile multi-parameter (voltage, light intensity and frequency) based modulation and dynamically addressable manipulation with simple device fabrication. Signal enhancement of a bead-based bioassay was demonstrated using dilute biotin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) solutions mixed with streptavidin-conjugated particles and rapidly concentrated with the technique. As compared with a conventional ELISA reader, the REP-enabled detection achieved a minimal readout of 3.87 nM, which was a 100-fold improvement in sensitivity. The multi-functional platform provides an effective measure to enhance detection levels in more bead-based bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chih Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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32
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Lee H, Xu L, Koh D, Nyayapathi N, Oh KW. Various on-chip sensors with microfluidics for biological applications. SENSORS 2014; 14:17008-36. [PMID: 25222033 PMCID: PMC4208211 DOI: 10.3390/s140917008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we review recent advances in on-chip sensors integrated with microfluidics for biological applications. Since the 1990s, much research has concentrated on developing a sensing system using optical phenomena such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to improve the sensitivity of the device. The sensing performance can be significantly enhanced with the use of microfluidic chips to provide effective liquid manipulation and greater flexibility. We describe an optical image sensor with a simpler platform for better performance over a larger field of view (FOV) and greater depth of field (DOF). As a new trend, we review consumer electronics such as smart phones, tablets, Google glasses, etc. which are being incorporated in point-of-care (POC) testing systems. In addition, we discuss in detail the current optical sensing system integrated with a microfluidic chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY at Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Linfeng Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY at Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Domin Koh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY at Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Nikhila Nyayapathi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY at Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Kwang W Oh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY at Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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33
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Haque AUL, Kumar A. Hybrid optoelectric techniques for molecular diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 12:9-11. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.11.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Tarn MD, Lopez-Martinez MJ, Pamme N. On-chip processing of particles and cells via multilaminar flow streams. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:139-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Tarn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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35
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Yang SM, Tseng SY, Chen HP, Hsu L, Liu CH. Cell patterning via diffraction-induced optoelectronic dielectrophoresis force on an organic photoconductive chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3893-902. [PMID: 23925640 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50351h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A laser diffraction-induced dielectrophoresis (DEP) phenomenon for the patterning and manipulation of individual HepG2 cells and polystyrene beads via positive/negative DEP forces is reported in this paper. The optoelectronic substrate was fabricated using an organic photoconductive material, TiOPc, via a spin-coating process on an indium tin oxide glass surface. A piece of square aperture array grid grating was utilized to transform the collimating He-Ne laser beam into the multi-spot diffraction pattern which forms the virtual electrodes as the TiOPc-coating surface was illuminated by the multi-spot diffraction light pattern. HepG2 cells were trapped at the spot centers and polystyrene beads were trapped within the dim region of the illuminated image. The simulation results of light-induced electric field and a Fresnel diffraction image illustrated the distribution of trapped microparticles. The HepG2 morphology change, adhesion, and growth during a 5-day culture period demonstrated the cell viability through our manipulation. The power density inducing DEP phenomena, the characteristics of the thin TiOPc coating layer, the operating ac voltage/frequency, the sandwiched medium, the temperature rise due to the ac electric fields and the illuminating patterns are discussed in this paper. This concept of utilizing laser diffraction images to generate virtual electrodes on our TiOPc-based optoelectronic DEP chip extends the applications of optoelectronic dielectrophoretic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Mo Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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36
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Chuang HS, Chen HY, Chen CS, Chiu WT. Immobilization of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans with addressable light-induced heat knockdown (ALINK). LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2980-2989. [PMID: 23719845 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50454a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis (C.) elegans is a model animal used in genetics, neuroscience, and developmental biology. Researchers often immobilize squirming worms to obtain high-quality images for analysis. However, current methods usually require physical contact or anesthetics. This can cause injuries to worm bodies or neuron disturbances. This study presents an alternative technique, called addressable light-induced heat knockdown (ALINK), to effectively immobilize worms by using light-induced sublethal heat. A microchip composed of an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass plate and an ITO glass plate coated with a photoconductive layer (a-Si:H) was produced. Worms to be immobilized were immersed in a liquid medium and sandwiched between the two plates. When the worms were irradiated with a focused laser beam in the presence of electric fields (referred to as an optoelectric treatment), the optoelectric effect heated the liquid medium. The neural functions of the worms shut down temporarily when a critical temperature (>31 °C) was reached. Their neural functions resumed after the heat source was removed. A temperature above 37 °C killed all worms. Using short-wavelength light reduced the worms' recovery time. An equivalent circuit was modeled to predict the operating modes, and an optoelectric treatment with a high-concentration medium enhanced rapid heating. A safe operating range (20 Vpp (peak-to-peak voltage), 100 kHz to 10 MHz, 31 to 37 °C) to induce heat knockdown (KD) was also investigated. The results show that the heat KD was well controlled, autonomous, and reversible. This technique can be used for worm immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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37
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Huang KW, Su TW, Ozcan A, Chiou PY. Optoelectronic tweezers integrated with lensfree holographic microscopy for wide-field interactive cell and particle manipulation on a chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2278-84. [PMID: 23661233 PMCID: PMC3684708 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50168j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an optoelectronic tweezer (OET) coupled to a lensfree holographic microscope for real-time interactive manipulation of cells and micro-particles over a large field-of-view (FOV). This integrated platform can record the holographic images of cells and particles over the entire active area of a CCD sensor array, perform digital image reconstruction to identify target cells, dynamically track the positions of cells and particles, and project light beams to trigger light-induced dielectrophoretic forces to pattern and sort cells on a chip. OET technology has been previously shown to be capable of performing parallel single cell manipulation over a large area. However, its throughput has been bottlenecked by the number of cells that can be imaged within the limited FOV of a conventional microscope objective lens. Integrating lensfree holographic imaging with OET solves this fundamental FOV barrier, while also creating a compact on-chip cell/particle manipulation platform. Using this unique platform, we have successfully demonstrated real-time interactive manipulation of thousands of single cells and micro-particles over an ultra-large area of e.g., 240 mm(2) (i.e. 17.96 mm × 13.52 mm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Wei Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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38
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Attri P, Arora B, Choi EH. Retracted Article: Utility of plasma: a new road from physics to chemistry. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41277f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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39
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Grad M, Bigelow AW, Garty G, Attinger D, Brenner DJ. Optofluidic cell manipulation for a biological microbeam. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:014301. [PMID: 23387672 PMCID: PMC3562345 DOI: 10.1063/1.4774043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the fabrication and integration of light-induced dielectrophoresis for cellular manipulation in biological microbeams. An optoelectronic tweezers (OET) cellular manipulation platform was designed, fabricated, and tested at Columbia University's Radiological Research Accelerator Facility (RARAF). The platform involves a light induced dielectrophoretic surface and a microfluidic chamber with channels for easy input and output of cells. The electrical conductivity of the particle-laden medium was optimized to maximize the dielectrophoretic force. To experimentally validate the operation of the OET device, we demonstrate UV-microspot irradiation of cells containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged DNA single-strand break repair protein, targeted in suspension. We demonstrate the optofluidic control of single cells and groups of cells before, during, and after irradiation. The integration of optofluidic cellular manipulation into a biological microbeam enhances the facility's ability to handle non-adherent cells such as lymphocytes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that OET cell handling is successfully implemented in a biological microbeam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Grad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
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40
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Aziz MS, Jalil MA, Suwanpayak N, Ali J, Yupapin PP. Optical manipulation of nano-micro needle array for large volume molecular diagnosis. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, BLOOD SUBSTITUTES, AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 40:266-70. [PMID: 22409282 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.658470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Optical vorticesare generated and controlled to form trapping tools in the same way as optical tweezers. By using the intense optical vortices generated within the PANDA ring resonator, the required atoms/molecules can be trapped and moved (transported) dynamically within the wavelength router or network. The advantage of the proposed system is that a transmitter and receiver can be formed within the same system, which is available for atoms/molecules storage and transportation based on methods that have been proposed to deliver drugs into cells for specific diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Aziz
- Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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Liang L, Zhu J, Xuan X. Three-dimensional diamagnetic particle deflection in ferrofluid microchannel flows. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2011; 5:34110-3411013. [PMID: 22662037 PMCID: PMC3364825 DOI: 10.1063/1.3618737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic field-induced particle manipulation is a promising technique for biomicrofluidics applications. It is simple, cheap, and also free of fluid heating issues that accompany other common electric, acoustic, and optical methods. This work presents a fundamental study of diamagnetic particle motion in ferrofluid flows through a rectangular microchannel with a nearby permanent magnet. Due to their negligible magnetization relative to the ferrofluid, diamagnetic particles experience negative magnetophoresis and are repelled away from the magnet. The result is a three-dimensionally focused particle stream flowing near the bottom outer corner of the microchannel that is the farthest to the center of the magnet and hence has the smallest magnetic field. The effects of the particle's relative position to the magnet, particle size, ferrofluid flow rate, and concentration on this three-dimensional diamagnetic particle deflection are systematically studied. The obtained experimental results agree quantitatively with the predictions of a three-dimensional analytical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Liang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
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Hwang H, Han D, Oh YJ, Cho YK, Jeong KH, Park JK. In situ dynamic measurements of the enhanced SERS signal using an optoelectrofluidic SERS platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:2518-25. [PMID: 21674105 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20277d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel active surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform for dynamic on-demand generation of SERS active sites based on optoelectrofluidics is presented in this paper. When a laser source is projected into a sample solution containing metal nanoparticles in an optoelectrofluidic device and an alternating current (ac) electric field is applied, the metal nanoparticles are spontaneously concentrated and assembled within the laser spot, form SERS-active sites, and enhance the Raman signal significantly, allowing dynamic and more sensitive SERS detection. In this simple platform, in which a glass slide-like optoelectrofluidic device is integrated into a conventional SERS detection system, both dynamic concentration of metal nanoparticles and in situ detection of SERS signal are simultaneously possible with only a single laser source. This optoelectrofluidic SERS spectroscopy allows on-demand generation of 'hot spots' at specific regions of interest, and highly sensitive, reliable, and stable SERS measurements of the target molecules in a tiny volume (∼500 nL) of liquid sample without any fluidic components and complicated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyundoo Hwang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Kumar A, Williams SJ, Chuang HS, Green NG, Wereley ST. Hybrid opto-electric manipulation in microfluidics-opportunities and challenges. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:2135-48. [PMID: 21603691 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid opto-electric manipulation in microfluidics/nanofluidics refers to a set of methodologies employing optical modulation of electrokinetic schemes to achieve particle or fluid manipulation at the micro- and nano-scale. Over the last decade, a set of methodologies, which differ in their modulation strategy and/or the length scale of operation, have emerged. These techniques offer new opportunities with their dynamic nature, and their ability for parallel operation has created novel applications and devices. Hybrid opto-electric techniques have been utilized to manipulate objects ranging in diversity from millimetre-sized droplets to nano-particles. This review article discusses the underlying principles, applications and future perspectives of various hybrid opto-electric techniques that have emerged over the last decade under a unified umbrella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloke Kumar
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA.
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