1
|
Maia KCB, Densy Dos Santos Francisco A, Moreira MP, Nascimento RSV, Grasseschi D. Advancements in Surfactant Carriers for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Opportunities. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:36874-36903. [PMID: 39246502 PMCID: PMC11375729 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques are crucial for maximizing the extraction of residual oil from mature reservoirs. This review explores the latest advancements in surfactant carriers for EOR, focusing on their mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities. We delve into the role of inorganic nanoparticles, carbon materials, polymers and polymeric surfactants, and supramolecular systems, highlighting their interactions with reservoir rocks and their potential to improve oil recovery rates. The discussion includes the formulation and behavior of nanofluids, the impact of surfactant adsorption on different rock types, and innovative approaches using environmentally friendly materials. Notably, the use of metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene derivatives, and polymeric surfacants and the development of supramolecular complexes for managing surfacant delivery are examined. We address the need for further research to optimize these technologies and overcome current limitations, emphasizing the importance of sustainable and economically viable EOR methods. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the emerging trends and future directions in surfactant carriers for EOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C B Maia
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Perissé Moreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Regina S V Nascimento
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Grasseschi
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Du K, Wang Y. Generalized kekulenes and clarenes as novel families of cycloarenes: structures, stability, and spectroscopic properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7877-7889. [PMID: 38376476 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06306b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Cycloarenes constitute a captivating class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with unique structures and properties, but their synthesis represents a challenging task in organic chemistry. Kekulenes and edge-extended kekulenes as classic types of cycloarenes play an important role in the comprehension of π electron distribution, but their sparse molecular diversity considerably limits their further development and application. In this work, we propose two novel classes of cycloarenes, the generalized kekulenes and the clarenes. Using density functional theory, we carry out a comprehensive study of all possible isomers of the generalized kekulenes and clarenes with different sizes. By applying a simple Hückel model, we show that π delocalization plays a crucial role in determining the relative stability of isomers. We also discover that π-π stacking is commonly present in certain larger clarenes and provides a considerable additional stabilization effect, making the corresponding isomers the lowest-energy ones. Among all considered typical looped polyarenes, generalized kekulenes and/or clarenes are revealed to be the energetically most stable forms, suggesting that these novel cycloarenes proposed here would be viable targets for future synthetic work. The simulated 1H NMR spectra and UV-vis absorption spectra provide valuable information about the electronic and optoelectronic properties for the most stable generalized kekulene and clarene species and may support their identification in future synthesis and experimental characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Farmani Z, Vetere A, Pfänder N, Lehmann CW, Schrader W. Naturally Occurring Allotropes of Carbon. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38277679 PMCID: PMC10882575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Carbon is one of the most important chemical elements, forming a wide range of important allotropes, ranging from diamond over graphite to nanostructural materials such as graphene, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Especially these nanomaterials play an important role in technology and are commonly formed in laborious synthetic processes that often are of high energy demand. Recently, fullerenes and their building blocks (buckybowls) have been found in natural fossil materials formed under geological conditions. The question arises of how diverse nature can be in forming different types of natural allotropes of carbon. This is investigated here, using modern analytical methods such as ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy, which facilitate a detailed understanding of the diversity of natural carbon allotropes. Large fullerenes, fullertubes, graphene sheets, and double- and multiwalled CNTs together with single-walled CNTs were detected in natural heavy fossil materials while theoretical calculations on the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory using the ORCA software package support the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farmani
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alessandro Vetere
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfänder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christian W Lehmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schrader
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamazaki K, Goto S, Yoshino S, Gubarevich A, Yoshida K, Kato H, Yamamoto M. Surface defect healing in annealing from nanoporous carbons to nanoporous graphenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 38019669 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04921c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous graphene (NPG) materials have the pronounced electrochemical stability of the seamless graphene structures developed over the 3D space. We revisited the Raman spectra of nanoporous carbons (NPCs) synthesized using θ-/γ-Al2O3 templates and NPGs converted from NPCs by annealing at 1800 °C to identify the type and density of defects. We found that both the NPCs and NPGs mostly consist of single-layered graphene with a few single vacancies and Stone-Wales defects. The density of vacancy defect per hexagon in the graphene sheet is estimated to be 10-2 for NPCs, while the annealing reduced the value to 10-3-10-4 for NPGs. This supports the outstanding chemical and electrochemical stability of the novel porous carbon materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Yamazaki
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Goto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shunya Yoshino
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Anna Gubarevich
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Katsumi Yoshida
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hideki Kato
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamamoto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fthenakis ZG. A Generalized Nomenclature Scheme for Graphene Pores, Flakes, and Edges, and an Algorithm for Their Generation and Numbering. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2343. [PMID: 37630928 PMCID: PMC10459746 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we generalize our recently proposed nomenclature scheme for porous graphene structures to include graphene flakes and (periodic) edges, i.e., nanographenes and graphene nanoribbons. The proposed nomenclature scheme is a complete scheme that similarly treats all these structures. Beyond this generalization, we study the geometric features of graphene flakes and edges based on ideas from the graph theory, as well as the pore-flake duality. Based on this study, we propose an algorithm for the systematic generation, identification, and numbering of graphene pores, flakes, and edges. The algorithm and the nomenclature scheme can also be used for flakes and edges of similar honeycomb systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias G. Fthenakis
- Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 56127 Pisa, Italy; or
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Scuola Normale Superiore, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang CC, Tian WQ. Electronic Structure Modulation of Nanographenes for Second Order Nonlinear Optical Molecular Materials. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300279. [PMID: 37515505 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) have drawn extensive attention as promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic and nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, owing to its unique optoelectronic properties and high thermal stability. However, the weak polarity or even non-polarity of NGs (resulting in weak even order NLO properties) and the high chemical reactivity of zigzag edged NGs hinder their further applications in nonlinear optics, thus stabilization (lowering the chemical reactivity) and polarizing the charge distribution in NGs are necessary for such applications of NGs. The fusion of heptagon and pentagon endows the azulene with the character of donor-acceptor, and the B=N unit is isoelectronic to C=C unit. The introduction of polar azulene and BN are idea to polarize and stabilize the electronic structure of NGs for NLO applications. In the present review, a survey on the functionalization and applications of NGs in nonlinear optics is conducted. The engineering of the electronic structure of NGs by topological defects, doping and edge modulation is summarized. Finally, a summary of challenges and perspectives for carbon-based NLO nanomaterials is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Yang
- College of Science, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan, Chongqing, 400054, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Wei Quan Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xavier NF, Payne AJR, Bauerfeldt GF, Sacchi M. Theoretical insights into the methane catalytic decomposition on graphene nanoribbons edges. Front Chem 2023; 11:1172687. [PMID: 37324559 PMCID: PMC10267404 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1172687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic methane decomposition (CMD) is receiving much attention as a promising application for hydrogen production. Due to the high energy required for breaking the C-H bonds of methane, the choice of catalyst is crucial to the viability of this process. However, atomistic insights for the CMD mechanism on carbon-based materials are still limited. Here, we investigate the viability of CMD under reaction conditions on the zigzag (12-ZGNR) and armchair (AGRN) edges of graphene nanoribbons employing dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT). First, we investigated the desorption of H and H2 at 1200 K on the passivated 12-ZGNR and 12-AGNR edges. The diffusion of hydrogen atom on the passivated edges is the rate determinant step for the most favourable H2 desorption pathway, with a activation free energy of 4.17 eV and 3.45 eV on 12-ZGNR and 12-AGNR, respectively. The most favourable H2 desorption occurs on the 12-AGNR edges with a free energy barrier of 1.56 eV, reflecting the availability of bare carbon active sites on the catalytic application. The direct dissociative chemisorption of CH4 is the preferred pathway on the non-passivated 12-ZGNR edges, with an activation free energy of 0.56 eV. We also present the reaction steps for the complete catalytic dehydrogenation of methane on 12-ZGNR and 12-AGNR edges, proposing a mechanism in which the solid carbon formed on the edges act as new active sites. The active sites on the 12-AGNR edges show more propensity to be regenerated due lower free energy barrier of 2.71 eV for the H2 desorption from the newly grown active site. Comparison is made between the results obtained here and experimental and computational data available in the literature. We provide fundamental insights for the engineering of carbon-based catalysts for the CMD, showing that the bare carbon edges of graphene nanoribbons have performance comparable to commonly used metallic and bi-metallic catalysts for methane decomposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neubi F. Xavier
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J. R. Payne
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Glauco F. Bauerfeldt
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Marco Sacchi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Du K, Wang Y. Infinitenes as the Most Stable Form of Cycloarenes: The Interplay among π Delocalization, Strain, and π-π Stacking. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10763-10778. [PMID: 37092900 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The recent successful preparation of infinitene has sparked widespread attention due to its aesthetic appeal and synthetic challenge. Spectroscopic measurements and follow-up computational investigations suggest that infinitene holds fundamental significance and potential applications in chiroptics, optoelectronics, asymmetric synthesis, and supramolecular chemistry. However, unlike other looped polyarenes enriched with sizes and shapes, the infinitene molecule seems, so far, the only known example of this fascinating new form of nanocarbons, whose further exploitation would be considerably limited because of the lack of molecular diversity. Here, we introduce a whole new family of generalized infinitenes with different sizes and topologies. Three types of infinitene structures are rationally designed by joining two units of coronene, kekulene, or their extended analogs. The constructed molecules of varying sizes, each with a large number of possible topoisomers, are systematically studied by DFT calculations. Comprehensive analysis using a simple energy decomposition model uncovers that the stability of infinitenes is governed by the interplay among π delocalization, steric strain, and π-π stacking. While the first two factors are crucial to the stability of smaller infinitenes, the latter is the primary stabilizing interaction for larger infinitenes. Most importantly, we show that larger-sized infinitenes are actually the energetically most favorable form among all known looped polyarenes; their substantial thermodynamic stability surpassing that of circulenes, various carbon nanobelts, and kekulene-like macrocycles renders them promising targets for synthesis. The simulated 1H NMR, UV-vis, and circular dichroism spectra along with optical rotations for the most stable infinitene species may help their identification in future synthetic efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alatzoglou C, Patila M, Giannakopoulou A, Spyrou K, Yan F, Li W, Chalmpes N, Polydera AC, Rudolf P, Gournis D, Stamatis H. Development of a Multi-Enzymatic Biocatalytic System through Immobilization on High Quality Few-Layer bio-Graphene. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:nano13010127. [PMID: 36616038 PMCID: PMC9824680 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the green production of few-layer bio-Graphene (bG) through liquid exfoliation of graphite in the presence of bovine serum albumin. Microscopic characterization evaluated the quality of the produced nanomaterial, showing the presence of 3-4-layer graphene. Moreover, spectroscopic techniques also confirmed the quality of the resulted bG, as well as the presence of bovine serum albumin on the graphene sheets. Next, for the first time, bG was used as support for the simultaneous covalent co-immobilization of three enzymes, namely β-glucosidase, glucose oxidase, and horseradish peroxidase. The three enzymes were efficiently co-immobilized on bG, demonstrating high immobilization yields and activity recoveries (up to 98.5 and 90%, respectively). Co-immobilization on bG led to an increase of apparent KM values and a decrease of apparent Vmax values, while the stability of the nanobiocatalysts prevailed compared to the free forms of the enzymes. Co-immobilized enzymes exhibited high reusability, preserving a significant part of their activity (up to 72%) after four successive catalytic cycles at 30 °C. Finally, the tri-enzymatic nanobiocatalytic system was applied in three-step cascade reactions, involving, as the first step, the hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl-β-D-Glucopyranoside and cellobiose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Alatzoglou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michaela Patila
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Archontoula Giannakopoulou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Feng Yan
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wenjian Li
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki C. Polydera
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Petra Rudolf
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dahal D, Gumbs G, Iurov A, Ting CS. Plasmon Damping Rates in Coulomb-Coupled 2D Layers in a Heterostructure. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7964. [PMID: 36431452 PMCID: PMC9695106 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Coulomb excitations of charge density oscillation are calculated for a double-layer heterostructure. Specifically, we consider two-dimensional (2D) layers of silicene and graphene on a substrate. From the obtained surface response function, we calculated the plasmon dispersion relations, which demonstrate how the Coulomb interaction renormalizes the plasmon frequencies. Most importantly, we have conducted a thorough investigation of how the decay rates of the plasmons in these heterostructures are affected by the Coulomb coupling between different types of two-dimensional materials whose separations could be varied. A novel effect of nullification of the silicene band gap is noticed when graphene is introduced into the system. To utilize these effects for experimental and industrial purposes, graphical results for the different parameters are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipendra Dahal
- Texas Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Godfrey Gumbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrii Iurov
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA
| | - Chin-Sen Ting
- Texas Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pizzochero M, Kaxiras E. Hydrogen Atoms on Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons: Chemistry and Magnetism Meet at the Edge. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1922-1928. [PMID: 35167308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the unconventional π-magnetism at the zigzag edges of graphene holds promise for a wide array of applications, whether and to what degree it plays a role in their chemistry remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the addition of a hydrogen atom─the simplest yet the most experimentally relevant adsorbate─to zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs). We show that the π-magnetism governs the chemistry of ZGNRs, giving rise to a site-dependent reactivity of the carbon atoms and driving the hydrogenation process to the nanoribbon edges. Conversely, the chemisorbed hydrogen atom governs the π-magnetism of ZGNRs, acting as a spin-1/2 paramagnetic center in the otherwise antiferromagnetic ground state and spin-polarizing the charge carriers at the band extrema. Our findings establish a comprehensive picture of the peculiar interplay between chemistry and magnetism that emerges at the zigzag edges of graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pizzochero
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Efthimios Kaxiras
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Electro-Thermal Parameters of Graphene Nano-Platelets Films for De-Icing Applications. AEROSPACE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/aerospace9020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a study of some relevant electro-thermal properties of commercial films made by pressed graphene nano-platelets (GNPs), in view of their use as heating elements in innovative de-icing systems for aerospace applications. The equivalent electrical resistivity and thermal emissivity were studied, by means of models and experimental characterization. Macroscopic strips with a length on the order of tens of centimeters were analyzed, either made by pure GNPs or by composite mixtures of GNPs and a small percentage of polymeric binders. Analytical models are derived and experimentally validated. The thermal response of these graphene films when acting as a heating element is studied and discussed.
Collapse
|
13
|
Jeong JH, Kang S, Kim N, Joshi RK, Lee GH. Recent trends in covalent functionalization of 2D materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10684-10711. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04831g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent functionalization of the surface is more crucial in 2D materials than in conventional bulk materials because of their atomic thinness, large surface-to-volume ratio, and uniform surface chemical potential. Because...
Collapse
|
14
|
Dos Santos MR, Silva PV, Meunier V, Girão EC. Electronic properties of 2D and 1D carbon allotropes based on a triphenylene structural unit. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25114-25125. [PMID: 34714315 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00816a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several bottom-up chemical routes have been developed in the last few years to find ways to grow new forms of nanocarbon by devising a strategical selection of molecular precursors. Here, theoretical calculations are performed on 2D nanocarbon allotropes obtained from the fusion of triphenylene-like units through tetragonal rings. This 2D triphenylene structure has a metallic character in a closed shell configuration, but it also features a spin-polarized semiconducting state. The behavior of the electronic properties of the system is investigated when the structure is cast into nanoribbon forms. It is found that to be metallic in the nonpolarized case, the ribbons must be sufficiently wide while narrow 1D systems are semiconducting. A lower threshold width is also needed for the emergence of a spin-polarized semiconducting configuration in these nanoribbons. These behaviors are robust as they do not depend on edge geometry and chirality, thus offering opportunities for their possible applications in nanoscale devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mário Rocha Dos Santos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
| | - Paloma Vieira Silva
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. .,Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, P. O. Box 6030, CEP 60455-900, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá, Campus Porto Grande, CEP 68997-000, Porto Grande, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Vincent Meunier
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo Costa Girão
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim J, Lee N, Choi D, Kim DY, Kawai R, Yamada Y. Pentagons and Heptagons on Edges of Graphene Nanoflakes Analyzed by X-ray Photoelectron and Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9955-9962. [PMID: 34617766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Identifying pentagons and heptagons in graphene nanoflake (GNF) structures at the atomic scale is important to completely understand the chemical and physical properties of these materials. Herein, we used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy to analyze the spectral features of GNFs according to the position of pentagons and heptagons introduced onto their zigzag and armchair edges. The XPS peak maxima were shifted to higher binding energies by introducing the pentagons or heptagons on armchair rather than zigzag edges, and the structures could be distinguished depending on the positions of the introduced pentagons or heptagons. Raman spectroscopic analyses also revealed that the position of edges with introduced pentagons or heptagons could also be identified using Raman spectroscopy, with characteristic bands appearing at 800-1200 cm-1, following the introduction of either pentagons or heptagons on armchair edges. This precise spectroscopic identification of pentagons and heptagons in GNFs provides the groundwork for the analysis of graphene-related materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungpil Kim
- Carbon Materials Application Research Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 222 Palbok-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54853, Republic of Korea
| | - Nodo Lee
- Materials & Devices Advanced Research Institute, LG Electronics, 10, Magokjungang-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Duyoung Choi
- Carbon Materials Application Research Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 222 Palbok-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54853, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Ryouhei Kawai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Feng J, Mao X, Zhu H, Yang Z, Cui M, Ma Y, Zhang D, Bi S. How size, edge shape, functional groups and embeddedness influence the electronic structure and partial optical properties of graphene nanoribbons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20695-20701. [PMID: 34516597 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02689e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The armchair and zigzag edge shape makes graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) exhibit interest in different applications. However, the relationship between influencing factors and properties is not clear. Herein, the many-body Green's function theory and the TDDFT method are used to investigate the effect of size, edge shape and functional groups on the electronic and optical properties of GNRs and h-BN-embedded GNRs. We find that ZGNRs have a smaller band gap and absorption edge than AGNRs having the same size and functional groups. The relationship between S1 and T1 is mainly determined by the size and edge shape of GNRs, while the redox ability of water splitting mainly relies on the kind of the functional group. When h-BN is embedded in GNRs, the edge shape of GNRs and the contact part between two substances control the direction of electron transfer in both the ground state and the excited state. These results can provide theoretical support for further improvements and applications of GNRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Xinlong Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), P. R. China
| | - Zhe Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Mengdi Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Yuchen Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Siwei Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The role of graphene patterning in field-effect transistor sensors to detect the tau protein for Alzheimer's disease: Simplifying the immobilization process and improving the performance of graphene-based immunosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 192:113519. [PMID: 34333316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the improvement in the sensing performance of electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistor (FET) sensors capable of detecting tau protein through a simplified, linker-free, anti-tau antibody immobilization process. For most of the graphene-based immunosensor, linkers, such as pyrenebutanoic acid, succinimidyl ester (PSE) must be used to the graphene surface, while the other side of linkers serves to capture the antibodies that can specifically interact with the target biomarker. In this study, graphene was patterned into eight different types and linker-free patterned graphene FET sensors were fabricated to verify their detection performance. The linker-free antibody immobilization to patterned graphene exhibited that the antibody was immobilized to the edge defect and had a doping-like behaviors on graphene. As the tau protein concentration in the electrolyte increased from 10 fg/ml to 1 ng/ml, the performances, charge neutral point shift and current change rate of the patterned graphene sensors without linkers were enhanced 2-3 times compared to a pristine graphene sensor with the PSE linker. Moreover, tau protein in the plasma of five Alzheimer's disease patients was measured using a linker-free patterned graphene sensor. It shows a 3-4 times higher current change rate than that of pristine graphene sensor with the PSE linker. Since the antibody is immobilized directly without a linker, a patterned graphene sensor without a linker can operate more sensitively in higher ionic concentration electrolyte.
Collapse
|
18
|
Luo S, Chen X, He Y, Gu Y, Zhu C, Yang GH, Qu LL. Recent advances in graphene nanoribbons for biosensing and biomedicine. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6129-6143. [PMID: 34291262 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00871d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a new type of quasi-one-dimensional graphene-based material, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), has attracted increasing attention. The limited domain width and rich edge configurations of GNRs endow them with unique properties and wide applications in comparison to two-dimensional graphene. This review article mainly focuses on the electrical, chemical and other properties of GNRs, and further introduces the typical preparation methods of GNRs, including top-down and bottom-up strategies. Then, their biosensing and biomedical applications are highlighted in detail, such as biosensors, photothermal therapy, drug delivery, etc. Finally, the challenges and future prospects in the synthesis and application of functionalized GNRs are discussed. It is expected that GNRs will have significant practical use in biomedical applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Graphene, Graphene-Derivatives and Composites: Fundamentals, Synthesis Approaches to Applications. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5070181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has accomplished huge notoriety and interest from the universe of science considering its exceptional mechanical physical and thermal properties. Graphene is an allotrope of carbon having one atom thick size and planar sheets thickly stuffed in a lattice structure resembling a honeycomb structure. Numerous methods to prepare graphene have been created throughout a limited span of time. Due to its fascinating properties, it has found some extensive applications to a wide variety of fields. So, we believe there is a necessity to produce a document of the outstanding methods and some of the novel applications of graphene. This article centres around the strategies to orchestrate graphene and its applications in an attempt to sum up the advancements that has taken place in the research of graphene.
Collapse
|
20
|
Toorbaf M, Moradi L. Preparation of GO/SiO 2/PEA as a new solid base catalyst for the green synthesis of some spirooxindole derivatives. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21840-21850. [PMID: 35478825 PMCID: PMC9034106 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02850b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient and green one pot multi component synthesis of some spirooxindole derivatives in the presence of graphene oxide functionalized with 2-(1-piperazinyl) ethylamine (GO/SiO2/PEA) as a solid base catalyst was studied. GO/SiO2/PEA has been obtained through a two step reaction and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Green reaction conditions, short reaction times, reusable catalyst and a high to excellent yield of products are some of the advantageous of the presented method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahla Toorbaf
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan P.O. Box 8731753153 Kashan I. R. Iran
| | - Leila Moradi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan P.O. Box 8731753153 Kashan I. R. Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang HS, Chen L, Elibol K, He L, Wang H, Chen C, Jiang C, Li C, Wu T, Cong CX, Pennycook TJ, Argentero G, Zhang D, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Wei W, Yuan Q, Meyer JC, Xie X. Towards chirality control of graphene nanoribbons embedded in hexagonal boron nitride. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:202-207. [PMID: 32958881 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The integrated in-plane growth of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) could provide a promising route to achieve integrated circuitry of atomic thickness. However, fabrication of edge-specific GNRs in the lattice of h-BN still remains a significant challenge. Here we developed a two-step growth method and successfully achieved sub-5-nm-wide zigzag and armchair GNRs embedded in h-BN. Further transport measurements reveal that the sub-7-nm-wide zigzag GNRs exhibit openings of the bandgap inversely proportional to their width, while narrow armchair GNRs exhibit some fluctuation in the bandgap-width relationship. An obvious conductance peak is observed in the transfer curves of 8- to 10-nm-wide zigzag GNRs, while it is absent in most armchair GNRs. Zigzag GNRs exhibit a small magnetic conductance, while armchair GNRs have much higher magnetic conductance values. This integrated lateral growth of edge-specific GNRs in h-BN provides a promising route to achieve intricate nanoscale circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lingxiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Kenan Elibol
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- School of Chemistry, CRANN - Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Li He
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Haomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chengxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Shanghai, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), University of Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Tianru Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chun Xiao Cong
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Timothy J Pennycook
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), University of Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | - Daoli Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Wenya Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Material Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Qinghong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Material Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jannik C Meyer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Shanghai, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu Y, Zheng J, Zhang X, Li K, Du Y, Yu G, Jia Y, Zhang Y. Recent advances on graphene microstructure engineering for
propellant‐related
applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahao Liu
- Shijiazhuang Campus Army Engineering University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Shijiazhuang Campus Army Engineering University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Engineering University of PAP Xi'an Shanxi China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Naval University of Engineering Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yongqiang Du
- Shijiazhuang Campus Army Engineering University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Guibo Yu
- Shijiazhuang Campus Army Engineering University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Yunfei Jia
- Shijiazhuang Campus Army Engineering University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shijiazhuang Campus Army Engineering University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Anantha M, Kiran Kumar S, Anarghya D, Venkatesh K, Santosh M, Yogesh Kumar K, Muralidhara H. ZnO@MnO2 nanocomposite modified carbon paste electrode for electrochemical detection of dopamine. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
24
|
Highly Aligned Polymeric Nanowire Etch-Mask Lithography Enabling the Integration of Graphene Nanoribbon Transistors. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 11:nano11010033. [PMID: 33375535 PMCID: PMC7824453 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons are a greatly intriguing form of nanomaterials owing to their unique properties that overcome the limitations associated with a zero bandgap of two-dimensional graphene at room temperature. Thus, the fabrication of graphene nanoribbons has garnered much attention for building high-performance field-effect transistors. Consequently, various methodologies reported previously have brought significant progress in the development of highly ordered graphene nanoribbons. Nonetheless, easy control in spatial arrangement and alignment of graphene nanoribbons on a large scale is still limited. In this study, we explored a facile, yet effective method for the fabrication of graphene nanoribbons by employing orientationally controlled electrospun polymeric nanowire etch-mask. We started with a thermal chemical vapor deposition process to prepare graphene monolayer, which was conveniently transferred onto a receiving substrate for electrospun polymer nanowires. The polymeric nanowires act as a robust etching barrier underlying graphene sheets to harvest arrays of the graphene nanoribbons. On varying the parametric control in the process, the size, morphology, and width of electrospun polymer nanowires were easily manipulated. Upon O2 plasma etching, highly aligned arrays of graphene nanoribbons were produced, and the sacrificial polymeric nanowires were completely removed. The graphene nanoribbons were used to implement field-effect transistors in a bottom-gated configuration. Such approaches could realistically yield a relatively improved current on–off ratio of ~30 higher than those associated with the usual micro-ribbon strategy, with the clear potential to realize reproducible high-performance devices.
Collapse
|
25
|
Grasseschi D, Silva WC, Souza Paiva RD, Starke LD, do Nascimento AS. Surface coordination chemistry of graphene: Understanding the coordination of single transition metal atoms. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
26
|
Qi C, Peng W, Zhou J, Yi L, Wang J, Zhang Y. From graphene to graphene ribbons: atomically precise cutting via hydrogenation pseudo-crack. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:415705. [PMID: 32369784 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The properties and applications of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) depend heavily on their shape and size, making precise design and construction at atomic scale significantly important. Herein, we show that pseudo-cracking is a feasible method for creating atomically precise GNRs. By using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we find that hydrogenation can act as a pseudo-crack to trigger the fracture of graphene along the hydrogenation line and cut the graphene into a GNR. Precise GNRs with a desired width, edge type and associated properties can be realized in a controllable way by manipulating the position and dimension of the hydrogenation pseudo-crack. We also find that it is better to use hydrogenation pseudo-cracks along the armchair direction to cut graphene at lower forces into GNRs with smooth edges. Our findings suggest a promising approach to cut graphene and other two-dimensional materials into nanoribbons effectively and accurately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changguang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tsounis C, Lu X, Bedford NM, Subhash B, Thomsen L, Zhang Q, Ma Z, Ostrikov KK, Bendavid A, Scott JA, Amal R, Han Z. Valence Alignment of Mixed Ni-Fe Hydroxide Electrocatalysts through Preferential Templating on Graphene Edges for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11327-11340. [PMID: 32790322 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the metal-carbon heterointerface has become an increasingly important route toward achieving cost-effective and high-performing electrocatalysts. The specific properties of graphene edge sites, such as the high available density of states and extended unpaired π-bonding, make it a promising candidate to tune the electronic properties of metal catalysts. However, to date, understanding and leveraging graphene edge-metal catalysts for improved electrocatalytic performance remains largely elusive. Herein, edge-rich vertical graphene (er-VG) was synthesized and used as a catalyst support for Ni-Fe hydroxides for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The hybrid Ni-Fe/er-VG catalyst exhibits excellent OER performance with a mass current of 4051 A g-1 (at overpotential η = 300 mV) and turnover frequency (TOF) of 4.8 s-1 (η = 400 mV), outperforming Ni-Fe deposited on pristine VG and other metal foam supports. Angle-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy shows that the edge-rich VG support can preferentially template Fe-O units with a specific valence orbital alignment interacting with the unoccupied density of states on the graphene edges. This graphene edge-metal interaction was shown to facilitate the formation of undersaturated and strained Fe-sites with high valence states, while promoting the formation of redox-activated Ni species, thus improving OER performance. These findings demonstrate rational design of the graphene edge-metal interface in electrocatalysts which can be used for various energy conversion and chemical synthesis reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantine Tsounis
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Xunyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Bedford
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Bijil Subhash
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Qingran Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zhipeng Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics, and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 36 Bradfield Road, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia
| | - Avi Bendavid
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 36 Bradfield Road, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jason A Scott
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zhaojun Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 36 Bradfield Road, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
AlSalem HS, Al-Goul ST, García-Miranda Ferrari A, Brownson DAC, Velarde L, Koehler SPK. Imaging the reactivity and width of graphene's boundary region. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9612-9615. [PMID: 32776054 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02675a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of graphene at its boundary region has been imaged using non-linear spectroscopy to address the controversy whether the terraces of graphene or its edges are more reactive. Graphene was functionalised with phenyl groups, and we subsequently scanned our vibrational sum-frequency generation setup from the functionalised graphene terraces across the edges. A greater phenyl signal is clearly observed at the edges, showing evidence of increased reactivity in the boundary region. We estimate an upper limit of 1 mm for the width of the CVD graphene boundary region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huda S AlSalem
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK and School of Chemistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha T Al-Goul
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA and School of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alejandro García-Miranda Ferrari
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK. and Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Dale A C Brownson
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK. and Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Luis Velarde
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Sven P K Koehler
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Choi GB, Hong S, Wee JH, Kim DW, Seo TH, Nomura K, Nishihara H, Kim YA. Quantifying Carbon Edge Sites on Depressing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5885-5892. [PMID: 32584587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To understand the effect of microstructural characteristics of carbon materials on their electrochemical or electrocatalytic performance, an in-depth study of the edges in carbon materials should be carried out. In this study, catalytically grown platelet-type carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with fully exposed edges were physically and chemically passivated to clarify the relationship between the edge density and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. Due to the aligned structure along the fiber axis, the edges on the outer surface of the CNFs were easily modified without using a complex process. The edges on the surface of the CNFs were inactivated by sequentially forming single, double, and multiple loops as the heat treatment temperatures increased. The number of edges within the CNFs was quantitatively measured using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) up to 1800 °C. The surviving edges on the surface of thermally treated CNFs were identified by chemical functionalization via an amination reaction. We identified a close relationship between the HER activity and the edge density. When evaluating the electrochemical and electrocatalytic activity of carbon materials, it is important to know the portion of the edge surface area with respect to the total surface area and edge ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Go Bong Choi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, School of Polymer Science and Engineering & Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungki Hong
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, School of Polymer Science and Engineering & Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Wee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, School of Polymer Science and Engineering & Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Won Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Seo
- Smart Energy & Nano Photonic R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gwangju 61012, Republic of Korea
| | - Keita Nomura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8677, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nishihara
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8677, Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoong Ahm Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, School of Polymer Science and Engineering & Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nematpour A, Lisi N, Chierchia R, Grilli ML. Experimental demonstration of mid-IR absorption enhancement in single layer CVD graphene. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:3861-3864. [PMID: 32667304 DOI: 10.1364/ol.397286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mid-IR absorption of single layer graphene (SLG) was simulated and experimentally demonstrated by embedding a SLG grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) inside a Fabry-Perot (FP) filter made by alternating quarter wave Si and SiO2 layers fabricated by radiofrequency sputtering. The absorption from the graphene layer was modeled by using COMSOL Multiphysics in four different configurations, depending on its position inside the filter, an asymmetric FP made of two different dielectric mirrors separated by a cavity. In the first three configurations, graphene was inserted at the center of the optical cavity and inside the top or bottom dielectric mirror forming the FP. The fourth configuration involves two layers of graphene, each positioned inside one of the dielectric mirrors. The calculated electric field distribution inside the FP shows two symmetric maxima just above and below the cavity, i.e., inside the mirrors, while the electric field at the center of the cavity is negligible. For the experimental demonstration, the graphene geometry corresponding to the maximum electric field intensity was chosen, and, between two equivalent alternatives, the one with the easiest fabrication procedure was selected. Results demonstrate a maximum experimental absorption of 50% at 4342 nm for SLG when inserted in the top mirror of the FP, in excellent agreement with the simulated value of 53%.
Collapse
|
31
|
Towards Understanding the Raman Spectrum of Graphene Oxide: The Effect of the Chemical Composition. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10060524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a technique widely used to detect defects in semiconductors because it provides information of structural or chemical defects produced in its structure. In the case of graphene monolayer, the Raman spectrum presents two bands centered at 1582 cm−1 (G band) and 2700 cm−1 (2D band). However, when the periodic lattice of graphene is broken by different types of defects, new bands appear. This is the situation for the Raman spectrum of graphene oxide. It is well established that the existence of these bands, the position and the intensity or width of peaks can provide information about the origin of defects. However, in the case of the graphene oxide spectrum, we can find in the literature several discrepant results, probably due to differences in chemical composition and the type of defects of the graphene oxide used in these studies. Besides, theoretical calculations proved that the shape of bands, intensity and width, and the position of graphene oxide Raman spectrum depend on the atomic configuration. In the current work, we will summarize our current understanding of the effect of the chemical composition on the Raman spectrum of graphene oxide. Finally, we apply all this information to analyze the evolution of the structure of graphene oxide during the thermal annealing of the heterostructures formed by graphene oxide sandwiches in a hexagonal boron nitride.
Collapse
|
32
|
Li D, Wang Y, Cui T, Ma Y, Ding F. Local Carbon Concentration Determines the Graphene Edge Structure. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3451-3457. [PMID: 32298587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the structures and properties of various graphene edges have attracted enormous attention, the underlying mechanism that determines the appearance of various edges is still unknown. Here, a global search of graphene edge structures is performed by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. In addition to locating the most stable edges of graphene, two databases of graphene armchair and zigzag edge structures are built. Graphene edge self-passivation plays an important role in the stability of the edges of graphene, and self-passivated edge structures that contain both octagons and triangles are found for the first time. The obvious "apical dominance" feature of armchair edges is found. The appearance of the experimentally observed ac(56), ac(677), and Klein edges can be explained by the local carbon concentration. Additionally, the graphene edge database is also significant for the study of the open end of nanotubes or fullerenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Li
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanchao Wang
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Tian Cui
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Ma
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao L, Luo G, Cheng Y, Li X, Zhou S, Luo C, Wang J, Liao HG, Golberg D, Wang MS. Shaping and Edge Engineering of Few-Layered Freestanding Graphene Sheets in a Transmission Electron Microscope. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2279-2287. [PMID: 31846340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Full exploitation of graphene's superior properties requires the ability to precisely control its morphology and edge structures. We present such a structure-tailoring approach via controlled atom removal from graphene edges. With the use of a graphitic-carbon-capped tungsten nanoelectrode as a noncontact "milling" tool in a transmission electron microscope, graphene edge atoms approached by the tool tip are locally evaporated, thus allowing a freestanding graphene sheet to be tailored with high precision and flexibility. A threshold for the tip voltage of 3.6 ± 0.4 V, independent of polarity, is found to be the determining factor that triggers the controlled etching process. The dominant mechanisms involve weakening of carbon-carbon bonds through the interband excitation induced by tunneling electrons, assisted with a resistive-heating effect enhanced by high electric field, as elaborated by first-principles calculations. In addition to the precise shape and size control, this tip-based method enables fabrication of graphene edges with specific chiralities, such as "armchair" or "zigzag" types. The as-obtained edges can be further "polished" to become entirely atomically smooth via edge evaporation/reconstruction induced by in situ TEM Joule annealing. We finally demonstrate the potential of this technique for practical uses through creating a graphene-based point electron source, whose field emission characteristics can effectively be tuned via modifying its geometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longze Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, and Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Guangfu Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, and Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, and Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Shiyuan Zhou
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Chenxu Luo
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jinming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, and Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Hong-Gang Liao
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Dmitri Golberg
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2nd George Str., Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan
| | - Ming-Sheng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, and Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
TiO2 Nanoparticles Decorated Graphene Nanoribbons for Voltammetric Determination of an Anti-HIV Drug Nevirapine. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/3932715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, electrochemical behavior of nevirapine on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with TiO2 nanoparticles decorated graphene nanoribbons was investigated. Characterization of different components used for modifications was achieved using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical behavior of nevirapine on the modified electrodes was examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), chronoamperometry (CA), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). A considerable oxidation potential decrease of +352 mV for nevirapine in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 11.0, was achieved due to synergy offered by graphene nanoribbons and TiO2 compared to graphene nanoribbons (+252 mV) and TiO2 (−37 mV), all with respect to the glassy carbon electrode. Under optimized conditions, DPV gave linear calibrations over the range of 0.020–0.14 µM. The detection limit was calculated as 0.043 µM. The developed sensor was used for determination of nevirapine in a pharmaceutical formulation successfully.
Collapse
|
35
|
Smirnov A, Solís Pinargote NW, Peretyagin N, Pristinskiy Y, Peretyagin P, Bartolomé JF. Zirconia Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-Hybrid Structure Fabricated by the Hydrothermal Reaction Method. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E687. [PMID: 32033036 PMCID: PMC7040830 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report an available technique for the effective reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and the fabrication of nanostructured zirconia reduced graphene oxide powder via a hydrothermal method. Characterization of the obtained nano-hybrid structure materials was carried out using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The confirmation that GO was reduced and the uniform distribution of zirconia nanoparticles on graphene oxide sheets during synthesis was obtained due to these techniques. This has presented new opportunities and prospects to use this uncomplicated and inexpensive technique for the development of zirconia/graphene nanocomposite powders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Smirnov
- Spark Plasma Sintering Research Laboratory, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Vadkovsky per. 1, Moscow 127055, Russia; (N.W.S.P.); (N.P.); (Y.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Nestor Washington Solís Pinargote
- Spark Plasma Sintering Research Laboratory, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Vadkovsky per. 1, Moscow 127055, Russia; (N.W.S.P.); (N.P.); (Y.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Nikita Peretyagin
- Spark Plasma Sintering Research Laboratory, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Vadkovsky per. 1, Moscow 127055, Russia; (N.W.S.P.); (N.P.); (Y.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Yuri Pristinskiy
- Spark Plasma Sintering Research Laboratory, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Vadkovsky per. 1, Moscow 127055, Russia; (N.W.S.P.); (N.P.); (Y.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Pavel Peretyagin
- Spark Plasma Sintering Research Laboratory, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Vadkovsky per. 1, Moscow 127055, Russia; (N.W.S.P.); (N.P.); (Y.P.); (P.P.)
| | - José F. Bartolomé
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tajik S, Dourandish Z, Zhang K, Beitollahi H, Le QV, Jang HW, Shokouhimehr M. Carbon and graphene quantum dots: a review on syntheses, characterization, biological and sensing applications for neurotransmitter determination. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15406-15429. [PMID: 35495425 PMCID: PMC9052380 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00799d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuro-transmitters have been considered to be essential biochemical molecules, which monitor physiological and behavioral function in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Thus, it is of high pharmaceutical and biological significance to analyze neuro-transmitters in the biological samples. So far, researchers have devised a lot of techniques for assaying these samples. It has been found that electro-chemical sensors possess features of robustness, selectivity, and sensitivity as well as real-time measurement. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon QDs (CQDs) are considered some of the most promising carbon-based nanomaterials at the forefront of this research area. This is due to their characteristics including lower toxicity, higher solubility in various solvents, great electronic features, strong chemical inertness, high specific surface areas, plenty of edge sites for functionalization, and versatility, in addition to their ability to be modified via absorbent surface chemicals and the addition of modifiers or nano-materials. Hence in the present review, the synthesis methods of GQDs and CQDs has been summarized and their characterization methods also been analyzed. The applications of carbon-based QDs (GQDs and CQDs) in biological and sensing areas, such as biological imaging, drug/gene delivery, antibacterial and antioxidant activity, photoluminescence sensors, electrochemiluminescence sensors and electrochemical sensors, have also been discussed. This study then covers sensing features of key neurotransmitters, including dopamine, tyrosine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin and acetylcholine. Hence, issues and challenges of the GQDs and CQDs were analyzed for their further development. Carbon and graphene quantum dots for biological and sensing applications of neurotransmitters.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Tajik
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences
- Kerman
- Iran
| | - Zahra Dourandish
- Environment Department
- Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences
- Graduate University of Advanced Technology
- Kerman
- Iran
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hadi Beitollahi
- Environment Department
- Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences
- Graduate University of Advanced Technology
- Kerman
- Iran
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development
- Duy Tan University
- Da Nang 550000
- Vietnam
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhou G, Cen C, Wang S, Deng M, Prezhdo OV. Electron-Phonon Scattering Is Much Weaker in Carbon Nanotubes than in Graphene Nanoribbons. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7179-7187. [PMID: 31644293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are lower-dimensional derivatives of graphene. Similar to graphene, they exhibit high charge mobilities; however, in contrast to graphene, they are semiconducting and thus are suitable for electronics, optics, solar energy devices, and other applications. Charge carrier mobilities, energies, and lifetimes are governed by scattering with phonons, and we demonstrate, using ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, that charge-phonon scattering is much stronger in GNRs. Focusing on a GNR and a CNT of similar size and electronic properties, we show that the difference arises because of the significantly higher stiffness of the CNT. The GNR undergoes large-scale undulating motions at ambient conditions. Such thermal geometry distortions localize wave functions, accelerate both elastic and inelastic charge-phonon scattering, and increase the rates of energy and carrier losses. Even though, formally, both CNTs and GNRs are quantum confined derivatives of graphene, charge-phonon scattering differs significantly between them. Showing good agreement with time-resolved photoconductivity and photoluminescence measurements, the study demonstrates that GNRs are quite similar to molecules, such as conjugated polymers, while CNTs exhibit extended features attributed to bulk materials. The state-of-the-art simulations alter the traditional view of graphene nanostructures and demonstrate that the performance can be tuned not only by size and composition but also by stiffness and response to thermal excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-material Science , Guizhou Education University , Guiyang 550018 , China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Chao Cen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-material Science , Guizhou Education University , Guiyang 550018 , China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-material Science , Guizhou Education University , Guiyang 550018 , China
| | - Mingsen Deng
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-material Science , Guizhou Education University , Guiyang 550018 , China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen Y, Zhou W, Ma J, Ruan F, Qi X, Cai Y. Potential of a sensitive uric acid biosensor fabricated using hydroxyapatite nanowire/reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticle. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:268-275. [PMID: 31729094 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a ternary nanocomposite consisting of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanowires, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method, which is used to modify glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for detecting uric acid. The nanocomposite is characterized through various methods such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical measurements of the modified GCE are performed in a conventional three-electrode system. Experimental results show that the obtained HAP nanowire and rGO are mixed homogeneously, and the AuNPs are deposited into this matrix. The GCE modified by the nanocomposites have superior electrocatalytic activities for uric acid. The peak current intensities of UAO (uricase)/HAP-rGO/AuNPs sensing system linearly increase as the uric acid concentration increases substantially in a range of 1.95 × 10-5 to 6.0 × 10-3 M (R2 = .9943), with a detection limit of 3.9 × 10-6 M (S/N = 3) and analytical sensitivity of 13.86 mA/M. The biosensor performs well in determining uric acid concentration in human urine samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wencui Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feixia Ruan
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuezhen Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yurong Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bets KV, Penev ES, Yakobson BI. Janus Segregation at the Carbon Nanotube-Catalyst Interface. ACS NANO 2019; 13:8836-8841. [PMID: 31323179 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The contact between a carbon nanotube (CNT) edge and a catalyst is a curvilinear interface of fundamental and practical importance. Here, the first-principles evidence shows that on a rigid/solid catalyst the faceted CNT edge is significantly lower in energy compared to the minimal-length circle, with the interface energy difference decreasing on more compliant surfaces. This universal trend, found for typical monometallic (Ni, Co), bimetallic (Co7W6), and metal carbide (WC) catalysts, results in a peculiar edge segregation into one-dimensional Janus (armchair-zigzag) interface. Its lowered energy greatly enhances the nucleation probability of chiral tubes, dramatically affecting their growth kinetics. This offers a richer basis for understanding, modeling, and control of catalytic CNT synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia V Bets
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Evgeni S Penev
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
He M, Dong J, Wang H, Xue H, Wu Q, Xin B, Gao W, He X, Yu J, Sun H, Ding F, Zhang J. Advance in Close-Edged Graphene Nanoribbon: Property Investigation and Structure Fabrication. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804473. [PMID: 30663240 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The absence of dangling bonds in close-edged graphene nanoribbons (CEGNRs) confers upon them a series of fascinating properties, especially when compared with cylindrical carbon nanotubes and open-edged GNRs. Here, the configuration of CEGNRs is described, followed by the structure-related properties, including mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. Based on the unique structures and extraordinary properties, their potential applications in a variety of fields, such as field-effect transistors, energy suppliers, nanoactuators, and fibers, are discussed. Remarkably, the strategies applied for generating CEGNRs, mainly from the collapse of carbon nanotubes and graphene tubes, are depicted in detail. Finally, the prospects in the research area of CEGNRs are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maoshuai He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Jichen Dong
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, UNIST-gil 50, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Haomin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Han Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Qianru Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Benwu Xin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Wenke Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Jin Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Haidong Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, UNIST-gil 50, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Shang SS, Gao S. Heteroatom‐Enhanced Metal‐Free Catalytic Performance of Carbocatalysts for Organic Transformations. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sen S. Shang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nowakowski K, van Bremen R, Zandvliet HJW, Bampoulis P. Control of the metal/WS 2 contact properties using 2-dimensional buffer layers. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:5548-5556. [PMID: 30860526 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00574a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) have recently attracted much attention as a promising platform for the realization of 2-dimensional (2D) electronic devices. One of the major challenges for their wide-scale application is the control of the potential barrier at the metal/TMDC junction. Using conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) we have investigated modifications of the Schottky barrier height (SBH) across a Pt/WS2 junction by the introduction of thin buffer layers of graphene and MoSe2. While graphene greatly reduces the contact resistance in both bias directions, thin layers of MoSe2 lower the Schottky barrier and leave the rectifying properties of the junction intact. We have studied the dependence of the transport properties on the thickness of the graphene and MoSe2 buffer layers. In both cases, the charge transport characteristics can be tailored by varying the buffer layer thickness. The edge of single layer graphene is observed to form an ohmic contact to the underlying WSe2 substrate. This study demonstrates that the introduction of atomically thin MoSe2 and graphene buffer layers is a feasible and elegant method to control the Schottky barrier when contacting TMDCs. The results are important for the fabrication of devices utilizing 2D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Nowakowski
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li J, Di M, Yang Z, Xu LC, Yang Y, Liu X. Spin-filtering and tunneling magnetoresistance effects in 6,6,12-graphyne-based molecular magnetic tunnel junctions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2734-2742. [PMID: 30664141 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06927a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, by cutting 6,6,12-graphyne along vertical and horizontal directions, two kinds of 6,6,12-graphyne nanodots (6,6,12-GYNDs) with different sizes are obtained. Using these 6,6,12-GYNDs, we theoretically designed two kinds of 6,6,12-graphyne-based molecular magnetic tunnel junctions (MMTJs) and investigated their spin-dependent transport properties. Depending on the orientation of the 6,6,12-GYNDs and the connection of the 6,6,12-GYNDs to electrodes, our results show that the two MMTJs have novel transport behaviors. Two different net spin currents can be obtained by tuning the spin configurations and the maximal order of magnitudes of tunneling magnetoresistance values of the two MMTJs reaches 106%. The high spin-filtering ratio and large tunneling magnetoresistance value provide high sensitivity for practical applications. Therefore, the spin-filtering and tunneling magnetoresistance effects enable 6,6,12-graphyne-based MMTJs to be used as spintronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Key Lab of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Najafi L, Taheri B, Martín-García B, Bellani S, Di Girolamo D, Agresti A, Oropesa-Nuñez R, Pescetelli S, Vesce L, Calabrò E, Prato M, Del Rio Castillo AE, Di Carlo A, Bonaccorso F. MoS 2 Quantum Dot/Graphene Hybrids for Advanced Interface Engineering of a CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cell with an Efficiency of over 20. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10736-10754. [PMID: 30240189 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Interface engineering of organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) plays a pivotal role in achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE). In fact, the perovskite photoactive layer needs to work synergistically with the other functional components of the cell, such as charge transporting/active buffer layers and electrodes. In this context, graphene and related two-dimensional materials (GRMs) are promising candidates to tune "on demand" the interface properties of PSCs. In this work, we fully exploit the potential of GRMs by controlling the optoelectronic properties of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hybrids both as hole transport layer (HTL) and active buffer layer (ABL) in mesoscopic methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite (MAPbI3)-based PSCs. We show that zero-dimensional MoS2 quantum dots (MoS2 QDs), derived by liquid phase exfoliated MoS2 flakes, provide both hole-extraction and electron-blocking properties. In fact, on one hand, intrinsic n-type doping-induced intraband gap states effectively extract the holes through an electron injection mechanism. On the other hand, quantum confinement effects increase the optical band gap of MoS2 (from 1.4 eV for the flakes to >3.2 eV for QDs), raising the minimum energy of its conduction band (from -4.3 eV for the flakes to -2.2 eV for QDs) above the one of the conduction band of MAPbI3 (between -3.7 and -4 eV) and hindering electron collection. The van der Waals hybridization of MoS2 QDs with functionalized reduced graphene oxide (f-RGO), obtained by chemical silanization-induced linkage between RGO and (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane, is effective to homogenize the deposition of HTLs or ABLs onto the perovskite film, since the two-dimensional nature of RGO effectively plugs the pinholes of the MoS2 QD films. Our "graphene interface engineering" (GIE) strategy based on van der Waals MoS2 QD/graphene hybrids enables MAPbI3-based PSCs to achieve a PCE up to 20.12% (average PCE of 18.8%). The possibility to combine quantum and chemical effects into GIE, coupled with the recent success of graphene and GRMs as interfacial layer, represents a promising approach for the development of next-generation PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Najafi
- Graphene Labs , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Babak Taheri
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Beatriz Martín-García
- Graphene Labs , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Sebastiano Bellani
- Graphene Labs , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Diego Di Girolamo
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Reinier Oropesa-Nuñez
- Graphene Labs , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
- BeDimensional Srl. , Via Albisola 121 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Sara Pescetelli
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Luigi Vesce
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Emanuele Calabrò
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Materials Characterization Facility , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | | | - Aldo Di Carlo
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
- L.A.S.E.-Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy , National University of Science and Technology "MISiS" , Leninskiy Prosect 6 , 119049 Moscow , Russia
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene Labs , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
- BeDimensional Srl. , Via Albisola 121 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bleu Y, Bourquard F, Tite T, Loir AS, Maddi C, Donnet C, Garrelie F. Review of Graphene Growth From a Solid Carbon Source by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). Front Chem 2018; 6:572. [PMID: 30560117 PMCID: PMC6284203 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene is a remarkable two-dimensional (2D) material that is of great interest to both academia and industry. It has outstanding electrical and thermal conductivity and good mechanical behavior with promising applications in electronic devices, supercapacitors, batteries, composite materials, flexible transparent displays, solar cells, and sensors. Several methods have been used to produce either pristine graphene or doped graphene. These include chemical vapor deposition (CVD), mechanical exfoliation, decomposition of SiC, liquid-phase exfoliation, pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Among these methods, PLD, which is routinely used for growing complex oxide thin films has proved to be an alternative to the more widely reported CVD method for producing graphene thin films, because of its advantages. Here we review the synthesis of graphene using PLD. We describe recent progress in preparing pristine graphene and doped graphene by PLD, including deposition processes and characterization. The goal of this complete survey is to describe the advantages of using the technique for graphene growth. The review will also help researchers to better understand graphene synthesis using the PLD technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Bleu
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516 CNRS, Université Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Florent Bourquard
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516 CNRS, Université Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Teddy Tite
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516 CNRS, Université Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Loir
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516 CNRS, Université Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Chirandjeevi Maddi
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516 CNRS, Université Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Christophe Donnet
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516 CNRS, Université Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Florence Garrelie
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516 CNRS, Université Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Anithaa V, Vijayakumar S. Effect of side chain edge functionalization in pristine and defected graphene-DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
49
|
Sheng S, Ma R, Wu JB, Li W, Kong L, Cong X, Cao D, Hu W, Gou J, Luo JW, Cheng P, Tan PH, Jiang Y, Chen L, Wu K. The Pentagonal Nature of Self-Assembled Silicon Chains and Magic Clusters on Ag(110). NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2937-2942. [PMID: 29601201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The atomic structures of self-assembled silicon nanoribbons and magic clusters on Ag(110) substrate have been studied by high-resolution noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). Pentagon-ring structures in Si nanoribbons and clusters have been directly visualized. Moreover, the vibrational fingerprints of individual Si nanoribbon and cluster retrieved by subnanometer resolution TERS confirm the pentagonal nature of both Si nanoribbons and clusters. This work demonstrates that Si pentagon can be an important element in building silicon nanostructures, which may find important applications for future nanoelectronic devices based on silicon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiang Sheng
- Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physics, and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Runze Ma
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jiang-Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures , Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Physics, and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physics, and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Longjuan Kong
- Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physics, and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xin Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures , Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Physics, and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Duanyun Cao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Wenqi Hu
- Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physics, and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jian Gou
- Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physics, and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jun-Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures , Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Physics, and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physics, and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Ping-Heng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures , Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Physics, and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Ying Jiang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100871 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physics, and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Kehui Wu
- Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physics, and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100871 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cho S, Jung I, Jang HJ, Liu L, Park S. Bimetallic junction mediated synthesis of multilayer graphene edges towards ultrahigh capacity for lithium ion batteries. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:5214-5220. [PMID: 29497714 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08109j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report on a novel strategy to synthesize high-density graphene edges on a vertically-aligned nanorod array substrate based on multiple segmented Ni-Au units. The growth of graphene layers on Ni and Au was performed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) leading to the effective generation of edge-rich multilayer graphene due to the distinct carbon solubility. The composite material was applied as an anode in a lithium ion battery (LIB) whose discharging capacity was found to closely depend on the total number of Ni-Au junctions within the vertical nanorods. Graphene deposited on the 19-junction composite Ni-(Au-Ni)9 exhibited an ultrahigh capacity of 86.3 μAh cm-2 at 50 μA cm-2 which was much higher than graphene deposited on 1-junction, 2-junction and pure Ni nanorods. This ultrahigh capacity was mainly ascribed to the generation of high-density graphene edges engineered by the bimetallic junction. The proposed strategy opens new appealing routes to synthesize high-density graphene edges using bimetallic junctions, which is promising for increasing the performance of LIBs and other electrochemical energy systems (supercapacitors, fuel cells, etc.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|