1
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Pierański MK, Kosiński JG, Szymczak K, Sadowski P, Grinholc M. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation: An Alternative for Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization in a Murine Experimental Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040847. [PMID: 37107222 PMCID: PMC10135335 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Streptococcus agalactiae, referred to as Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a prominent bacterium causing life-threatening neonatal infections. Although antibiotics are efficient against GBS, growing antibiotic resistance forces the search for alternative treatments and/or prevention approaches. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) appears to be a potent alternative non-antibiotic strategy against GBS. Methods: The effect of rose bengal aPDI on various GBS serotypes, Lactobacillus species, human eukaryotic cell lines and microbial vaginal flora composition was evaluated. Results: RB-mediated aPDI was evidenced to exert high bactericidal efficacy towards S. agalactiae in vitro (>4 log10 units of viability reduction for planktonic and >2 log10 units for multispecies biofilm culture) and in vivo (ca. 2 log10 units of viability reduction in mice vaginal GBS colonization model) in microbiological and metagenomic analyses. At the same time, RB-mediated aPDI was evidenced to be not mutagenic and safe for human vaginal cells, as well as capable of maintaining the balance and viability of vaginal microbial flora. Conclusions: aPDI can efficiently kill GBS and serve as an alternative approach against GBS vaginal colonization and/or infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał K. Pierański
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jan G. Kosiński
- Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
| | - Klaudia Szymczak
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Sadowski
- Department of Pathomorphology, University Hospital in Kraków, 31-501 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Grinholc
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
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2
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de Oliveira EF, Yang X, Basnayake N, Huu CN, Wang L, Tikekar R, Nitin N. Screening of antimicrobial synergism between phenolic acids derivatives and UV-A light radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 214:112081. [PMID: 33239223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate synergistic antibacterial activity based on a combination of UV-A light and three classes of food grade compounds: benzoic acid derivatives, cinnamic acid derivatives, and gallates. By using Escherichia coli O157:H7 as the model strain, it was observed that three cinnamic acid derivatives (ferulic acid, coumaric acid, and caffeic acid) and one benzoic acid derivative (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) presented strong synergistic antibacterial activity with UV-A light radiation, where 1 mM levels of these compounds plus with 15 min of UV-A light (total light dose of 6.1 cm-2) led to more than 7-log CFU mL-1 of bacterial inactivation. In contrast, synergistic antibacterial activity between UV-A light and most benzoic acid derivatives (benzoic acid, gallic acid, vanillic acid, and 2,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid) were only observed after higher concentrations of these compounds were applied (10 mM). Lastly, from the three gallates tested (methyl gallate, ethyl gallate, and propyl gallate), only propyl gallate showed strong antibacterial synergism with UV-A light, where 10 mM of propyl gallate plus 15 min of UV-A light led to approximately 6.5-log of bacterial reduction. Presence of antioxidant compounds mitigated the light-mediated antibacterial activity of gallic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and propyl gallate. Similarly, the light-mediated antibacterial activity of these compounds was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced against metabolic-inhibited bacterial cells (sodium azide pretreatment). On the other hand, the antibacterial synergism between ferulic acid and UV-A light was not affected by the presence of antioxidants or the metabolic state of the bacterial cells. Due to the increasing concerns of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) pathogens, the study also investigated the proposed synergistic treatment on AMR Salmonella. Combinations of 1 mM of ferulic acid or 1 mM of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid with UV-A light radiation was able to inactivate more than 6-log of a multi-drug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick F de Oliveira
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nikeshala Basnayake
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cuong Nguyen Huu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Luxin Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rohan Tikekar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Nitin Nitin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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3
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Majiya H, Galstyan A. Dye extract of calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa has photodynamic antibacterial activity: A prospect for sunlight-driven fresh produce sanitation. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3200-3211. [PMID: 32724585 PMCID: PMC7382145 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic sanitation of fresh produce could help reduce spoilage and disease transmissions where conventional methods of sanitation are not available, and sunlight is available for free. In this study, we evaluated the photostability and photodynamic antibacterial activity of the dye extracts of calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa. The dye extracts were very photostable in water but bleached in acetate-HCl buffer (pH 4.6), phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.2), and tris base-HCl buffer (pH 8.6). The photostability correlated with the photodynamic antibacterial activity of the dye extracts. Both the methanol and water dye extracts at the concentration of 0.0625 mg/ml caused complete inactivation of Bacillus subtilis (reductions of 8.5 log CFU/ml) within 2 min either with the visible light exposure at 10 mW/cm2 or in the dark without the light exposure. Reductions of 4.8 log CFU/ml and 2.2 log CFU/ml of Escherichia coli were observed when 1 mg/ml of methanol and water dye extracts were used, respectively, in water with the light exposure at 10 mW/cm2 for 20 min. Discussions are included about the ease of the dye extractions of the calyces of H. sabdariffa even in water without the need of energy for heating and the suitability of the dye extracts for the fresh produce sanitation. Dye extract of calyces of H. sabdariffa has photodynamic and nonphotodynamic antibacterial activity which could be exploited for the development of a low-tech sunlight-driven fresh produce sanitation system that is cheap, sustainable, and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussaini Majiya
- Department of MicrobiologyIbrahim Badamasi Babangida UniversityLapaiNigeria
- Center for Soft NanoscienceUniversity of MünsterMunsterGermany
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4
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Frei A, Amado M, Cooper MA, Blaskovich MAT. Light-Activated Rhenium Complexes with Dual Mode of Action against Bacteria. Chemistry 2020; 26:2852-2858. [PMID: 31788867 PMCID: PMC7687258 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
New antibiotics and innovative approaches to kill drug-resistant bacteria are urgently needed. Metal complexes offer access to alternative modes of action but have only sparingly been investigated in antibacterial drug discovery. We have developed a light-activated rhenium complex with activity against drug-resistant S. aureus and E. coli. The activity profile against mutant strains combined with assessments of cellular uptake and synergy suggest two distinct modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Frei
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueensland4072Australia
| | - Maite Amado
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueensland4072Australia
| | - Matthew A. Cooper
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueensland4072Australia
| | - Mark A. T. Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueensland4072Australia
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5
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Feng Y, Sun W, Wang X, Zhou Q. Selective Photoinactivation of Methicillin‐Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
by Highly Positively Charged Ru
II
Complexes. Chemistry 2019; 25:13879-13884. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Wei‐Ze Sun
- Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Xue‐Song Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Qian‐Xiong Zhou
- Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
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6
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ElZorkany HE, Youssef T, Mohamed MB, Amin RM. Photothermal versus photodynamic treatment for the inactivation of the bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus: An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:317-326. [PMID: 31252144 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of microbial pathogens, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, has ignited research efforts to discover alternative strategies to combat infections in patients. Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have been proposed for the inactivation of pathogens. Although PDT and PTT are very promising antipathogenic tools, further effort is needed to determine their real impact on pathogens apart from the effects of individual elements involved in the photodynamic/photothermal processes, i.e., light, photosensitizers (PSs), and nanoparticles. Accordingly, in the current study, toluidine blue O (TBO) and gold nanoparticles (GNP) were used as generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hyperthermia in the presence of light, respectively. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) bacteria were chosen as examples of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Before the bactericidal activity of PDT was assessed, the aggregation of TBO and its effect on the growth of both strains of bacteria were studied. Additionally, E. coli and B. cereus were exposed to a range of doses of 633 nm helium-neon laser light to investigate its effect. In a separate set of experiments, the bactericidal activity of PTT was assessed after the effects of GNP and green light (530 nm) had been assessed. The results showed that PDT and PTT should be considered useful tools for bacterial eradication even when the light, PSs, and nanoparticles are each used at doses safe for bacterial growth. Moreover, different photodynamic responses were observed for E. coli and B. cereus, and light from a 633 nm laser and a 530 nm light-emitting diode (LED) showed disparate responses when applied alone to both bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba ElSayed ElZorkany
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agriculture Research Center, El Gamaa St., Giza, Egypt; National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Tareq Youssef
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona B Mohamed
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Amin
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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7
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Ullah A, Zhang Y, Iqbal Z, Zhang Y, Wang D, Chen J, Hu P, Chen Z, Huang M. Household light source for potent photo-dynamic antimicrobial effect and wound healing in an infective animal model. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9. [PMID: 29541500 PMCID: PMC5846510 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is considered a promising alternative to conventional antibiotic approach. We have previously developed a novel PS containing five lysine amino acids, pentalysine-β-carbonylphthalocyanine Zinc (ZnPc(Lys)5), which in the presence of light, is highly toxic against a range of bacterial strains, including hospital isolated, drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Here, we study the effect of light fluence of the two light sources on the PACT potency of ZnPc(Lys)5. We observed that an exposure of E.coli to a red LED light for only 2 seconds (light fluence of 0.15 J/cm2) in the presence of ZnPc(Lys)5 significantly eradicated 80% of the E.coli. We further demonstrated that a light fluence of 4.5 J/cm2 from a household light source induced a noticeable photodynamic effect in vitro and in vivo animal model. This study points to a new research direction of reducing light illumination time by increasing potency of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeem Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China, 100049
- The first two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China, 100049
- The first two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan, 22060
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China, 100049
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China, 100049
| | - Jincan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
| | - Zhuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China, 100049
| | - Mingdong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
- Fuzhou University, Fujian, China, 350002
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8
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Kato H, Komagoe K, Inoue T, Masuda K, Katsu T. Structure–activity relationship of porphyrin-induced photoinactivation with membrane function in bacteria and erythrocytes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:954-963. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the structure–activity relationship of natural porphyrins and the related analogs with the photoinactivation of membrane function in bacteria and erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keiko Komagoe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Okayama University
- Okayama 700-8530
- Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Graduate School of Medicine
- Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Okayama University
- Okayama 700-8530
- Japan
| | - Kazufumi Masuda
- Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy
- Shujitsu University
- Japan
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9
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Majiya H, Adeyemi OO, Stonehouse NJ, Millner P. Photodynamic inactivation of bacteriophage MS2: The A-protein is the target of virus inactivation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 178:404-411. [PMID: 29197270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen mediated oxidation has been shown to be responsible for photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of viruses in solution with photosensitisers such as 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridinio) porphyrin tetra p-toluenesulfonate (TMPyP). The capsids of non-enveloped viruses, such as bacteriophage MS2, are possible targets for viral inactivation by singlet oxygen oxidation. Within the capsid (predominantly composed of coat protein), the A-protein acts as the host recognition and attachment protein. The A-protein has two domains; an α-helix domain and a β-sheet domain. The α-helix domain is attached to the viral RNA genome inside the capsid while the β-sheet domain, which is on the surface of the capsid, is believed to be the site for attachment to the host bacteria pilus during infection. In this study, 4 sequence-specific antibodies were raised against 4 sites on the A-protein. Changes induced by the oxidation of singlet oxygen were compared to the rate of PDI of the virus. Using these antibodies, our results suggest that the rate of PDI is relative to loss of antigenicity of two sites on the A-protein. Our data further showed that PDI caused aggregation of MS2 particles and crosslinking of MS2 coat protein. However, these inter- and intra-capsid changes did not correlate to the rate of PDI we observed in MS2. Possible modes of action are discussed as a means to gaining insight to the targets and mechanisms of PDI of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul Millner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, UK.
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10
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Eckl DB, Dengler L, Nemmert M, Eichner A, Bäumler W, Huber H. A Closer Look at Dark Toxicity of the Photosensitizer TMPyP in Bacteria. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 94:165-172. [PMID: 28940456 DOI: 10.1111/php.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation of bacteria (PIB) is based on photosensitizers which absorb light and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), killing cells via oxidation. PIB is evaluated by comparing viability with and without irradiation, where reduction of viability in the presence of the photosensitizer without irradiation is considered as dark toxicity. This effect is controversially discussed for photosensitizers like TMPyP (5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin tetra(p-toluensulfonate). TMPyP shows a high absorption coefficient for blue light and a high yield of ROS production, especially singlet oxygen. Escherichia coli and Bacillus atrophaeus were incubated with TMPyP and irradiated with different light sources at low radiant exposures (μW per cm²), reflecting laboratory conditions of dark toxicity evaluation. Inactivation of E. coli occurs for blue light, while no effect was detectable for wavelengths >450 nm. Being more susceptible toward PIB, growth of B. atrophaeus is even reduced for light with emission >450 nm. Decreasing the light intensities to nW per cm² for B. atrophaeus, application of TMPyP still caused bacterial killing. Toxic effects of TMPyP disappeared after addition of histidine, quenching residual ROS. Our experiments demonstrate that the evaluation of dark toxicity of a powerful photosensitizer like TMPyP requires low light intensities and if necessary additional application of substances quenching any residual ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Eckl
- Institute for Microbiology and Archaea Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Linda Dengler
- Institute for Microbiology and Archaea Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Nemmert
- Institute for Microbiology and Archaea Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja Eichner
- Department of Dermatology, University hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bäumler
- Department of Dermatology, University hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Harald Huber
- Institute for Microbiology and Archaea Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Kou J, Dou D, Yang L. Porphyrin photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy and its applications. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81591-81603. [PMID: 29113417 PMCID: PMC5655312 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1841, the extraction of hematoporphyrin from dried blood by removing iron marked the birth of the photosensitizer. The last twenty years has witnessed extensive research in the application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in tumor-bearing (or other diseases) animal models and patients. The period has seen development of photosensitizers from the first to the third generation, and their evolution from simple to more complex entities. This review focuses on porphyrin photosensitizers and their effect on tumors, mediated via several pathways involved in cell necrosis, apoptosis or autophagic cell death, and the preventive and therapeutic application of PDT against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Kou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Dou Dou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
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12
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Kempe H, Yamamoto J, Ishida M, Takahashi N, Yoshino J, Hayashi N, Higuchi H. Cooperative Effect of Spacer and Lewis Base on Highly Reversible Spectral Changes of the Octaethylporphyrin Chromatic System in Sensitivity, Stability, and Visibility to Trifluoroacetic Acid. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Light-activated polymethylmethacrylate nanofibers with antibacterial activity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 64:229-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Bartolomeu M, Coimbra Š, Cunha Â, Neves MG, Cavaleiro JA, Faustino MA, Almeida A. Indirect and direct damage to genomic DNA induced by 5,10,15-tris(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-20-(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin upon photodynamic action. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616500127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation has been proposed as an efficient antimicrobial treatment for localized infections. Even though it is generally accepted that the cell wall and membrane components are the main targets of the photodynamic process, the importance of the nucleic acids as photodynamic targets is not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the photodamage of the genomic nucleic acids of the Gram negative bacterium Escherichia coli, using 5,10,15-tris(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-20-(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin tri-iodide (Tri-Py[Formula: see text]-Me-PF) as photosensitizing agent. We tested, for the first time, the indirect photodamage effects on genomic DNA extracted from photosensitized bacteria and compared it with the direct effects on genomic DNA extracted from non-photosensitized cells, treated in otherwise similar experimental conditions. The results suggest that DNA does not seem to be a major target of photodynamic inactivation, once direct exposure to photosensitization does not damage DNA and does not significantly alter DNA concentration. The decrease in DNA concentration observed during the indirect exposure to photosensitization is directly related with the reduction of the concentration of bacterial cells. However, RNA synthesis was severely affected, once an indirect effect on proteins involved in the transcription process may cause a marked decrease in the RNA pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bartolomeu
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Šónia Coimbra
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ângela Cunha
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria G.P.M.S. Neves
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José A.S. Cavaleiro
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria A.F. Faustino
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Vandresen CC, Gonçalves AG, Ducatti DRB, Murakami FS, Noseda MD, Duarte MER, Barreira SMW. In vitro photodynamic inactivation of conidia of the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum graminicola with cationic porphyrins. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:673-81. [PMID: 27109559 DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00372e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is an efficient approach for the elimination of a series of microorganisms; however, PDI involving phytopathogenic filamentous fungi is scarce in the literature. In the present study, we have demonstrated the photoinactivating properties of five cationic meso-(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrins on conidia of the phytopathogen Colletotrichum graminicola. For this purpose, photophysical properties (photostability and (1)O2 singlet production) of the porphyrins under study were first evaluated. PDI assays were then performed with a fluence of 30, 60, 90 and 120 J cm(-2) and varying the porphyrin concentration from 1 to 25 μmol L(-1). Considering the lowest concentration that enabled the best photoinactivation, with the respective lowest effective irradiation time, the meso-(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrins herein studied could be ranked as follows: triple-charged 4 (1 μmol L(-1) with a fluence of 30 J cm(-2)) > double-charged-trans2 (1 μmol L(-1) with 60 J cm(-2)) > tetra-charged 5 (15 μmol L(-1) with 90 J cm(-2)) > mono-charged 1 (25 μmol L(-1) with 120 J cm(-2)). Double-charged-cis-porphyrin 3 inactivated C. graminicola conidia in the absence of light. Evaluation of the porphyrin binding to the conidia and fluorescence microscopic analysis were also performed, which were in agreement with the PDI results. In conclusion, the cationic porphyrins herein studied were considered efficient photosensitizers to inactivate C. graminicola conidia. The amount and position of positive charges are related to the compounds' amphiphilicity and therefore to their photodynamic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Chevonica Vandresen
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Lothário Meissner, 3400, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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16
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Overall biochemical changes in bacteria photosensitized with cationic porphyrins monitored by infrared spectroscopy. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:613-28. [PMID: 27073984 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2015-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic inactivation of micro-organisms is a promising nonantibiotic multitarget approach to treat localized and superficial infections through oxidative stress. Herein, the changes occurring on major cellular components of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus warneri, induced by photosensitization with cationic porphyrins (Tri-Py(+)-Me-PF and Tetra-Py(+)-Me) and white light, were monitored by infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS In E. coli, most of the changes occurred on proteins and lipids, suggesting a key effect on lipopolysaccharides in the first irradiation times. In S. warneri, proteins were the major molecular targets of oxidative damage but phospholipids and polysaccharides were also affected. CONCLUSION Infrared spectroscopy is a very interesting tool to monitor biochemical changes induced by photosensitization in bacteria and also to infer on its mechanism of action.
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González-Delgado JA, Kennedy PJ, Ferreira M, Tomé JPC, Sarmento B. Use of Photosensitizers in Semisolid Formulations for Microbial Photodynamic Inactivation. J Med Chem 2015; 59:4428-42. [PMID: 26569024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Semisolid formulations, such as gels, creams and ointments, have recently contributed to the progression of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and microbial photodynamic inactivation (PDI) in clinical applications. The most important challenges facing this field are the physicochemical properties of photosensitizers (PSs), optimal drug release profiles, and the photosensitivity of surrounding tissues. By further integration of nanotechnology with semisolid formulations, very promising pharmaceuticals have been generated against several dermatological diseases (PDT) and (antibiotic-resistant) pathogenic microorganisms (PDI). This review focuses on the different PSs and their associated semisolid formulations currently found in both the market and clinical trials that are used in PDT/PDI. Special emphasis is placed on the advantages that the semisolid formulations bring to drug delivery in PDI. Lastly, some potential considerations for improvement in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A González-Delgado
- Inovapotek, Pharmaceutical Research & Development , Edifício Inovar e Crescer, Salas 23 e 39, Rua Alfredo Allen, 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,QOPNA and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrick J Kennedy
- ICBAS-Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Ferreira
- Inovapotek, Pharmaceutical Research & Development , Edifício Inovar e Crescer, Salas 23 e 39, Rua Alfredo Allen, 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - João P C Tomé
- QOPNA and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University , B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- Inovapotek, Pharmaceutical Research & Development , Edifício Inovar e Crescer, Salas 23 e 39, Rua Alfredo Allen, 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.,CESPU-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde and Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
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Omarova EO, Nazarov PA, Firsov AM, Strakhovskaya MG, Arkhipova AY, Moisenovich MM, Agapov II, Ol’shevskaya VA, Zaitsev AV, Kalinin VN, Kotova EA, Antonenko YN. Carboranyl-Chlorin e6 as a Potent Antimicrobial Photosensitizer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141990. [PMID: 26535905 PMCID: PMC4633095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation is currently being widely considered as alternative to antibiotic chemotherapy of infective diseases, attracting much attention to design of novel effective photosensitizers. Carboranyl-chlorin-e6 (the conjugate of chlorin e6 with carborane), applied here for the first time for antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation, appeared to be much stronger than chlorin e6 against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphyllococcus aureus and Mycobacterium sp. Confocal fluorescence spectroscopy and membrane leakage experiments indicated that bacteria cell death upon photodynamic treatment with carboranyl-chlorin-e6 is caused by loss of cell membrane integrity. The enhanced photobactericidal activity was attributed to the increased accumulation of the conjugate by bacterial cells, as evaluated both by centrifugation and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Gram-negative bacteria were rather resistant to antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation mediated by carboranyl-chlorin-e6. Unlike chlorin e6, the conjugate showed higher (compared to the wild-type strain) dark toxicity with Escherichia coli ΔtolC mutant, deficient in TolC-requiring multidrug efflux transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena O. Omarova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Nazarov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Firsov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina G. Strakhovskaya
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Service and Medical Technologies, FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Igor I. Agapov
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Shumakov Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrey V. Zaitsev
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery N. Kalinin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A. Kotova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuri N. Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Alves E, Faustino MA, Neves MG, Cunha Â, Nadais H, Almeida A. Potential applications of porphyrins in photodynamic inactivation beyond the medical scope. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Zoltan T, Vargas F, López V, Chávez V, Rivas C, Ramírez ÁH. Influence of charge and metal coordination of meso-substituted porphyrins on bacterial photoinactivation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 135:747-756. [PMID: 25145918 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The photodynamic effect of meso-substituted porphyrins with different charges and metal ions: meso-tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate 1, its nickel 2 and zinc complexes 3; meso-tetranaphthylporphyrin tetrasulfonate 4, and its zinc complex Zn 5; and tetra piridyl ethylacetate porphirins 6 and their nickel 7 and zinc 8 complexes, were synthesized and studied their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. Fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) were measured in water using reference TPPS4, obtaining higher values for complexes 3 and 4. The singlet oxygen ΦΔ were measured using histidine as trapping singlet oxygen and Rose Bengal as a reference standard. Complexes 1, 2 and 6 have the highest quantum yields of singlet oxygen formation, showing no relation with the peripheral charges and efficiency as Type II photosensitizers. Meanwhile complexes 3, 8 and 4 were the most efficient in producing radical species, determined with their reaction with NADH. The photoinduced antibacterial activity of complex was investigated at different concentrations of the photosensitizers with an irradiation time of 30 min. The higher antibacterial activities were obtained for the complexes 1-3 that are those with greater production of ROS and minor structural deformations. Complexes 7 and 8 had moderate activity, while 4-6 a low activity. Thus, in this work demonstrates that the production of ROS and structural deformations due to peripheral substituents and metal coordination, influence the activity of the complexes studied. Therefore, is important to perform comprehensive study physics and structurally when predicting or explain such activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zoltan
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas I.V.I.C., Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela.
| | - Franklin Vargas
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas I.V.I.C., Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Verónica López
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas I.V.I.C., Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Valery Chávez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Celular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas I.V.I.C., Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Carlos Rivas
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas I.V.I.C., Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Álvaro H Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biología de virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas I.V.I.C., Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
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21
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Lysocin E is a new antibiotic that targets menaquinone in the bacterial membrane. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 11:127-33. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Pereira MA, Faustino MAF, Tomé JPC, Neves MGPMS, Tomé AC, Cavaleiro JAS, Cunha Â, Almeida A. Influence of external bacterial structures on the efficiency of photodynamic inactivation by a cationic porphyrin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:680-90. [PMID: 24549049 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50408e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The main targets of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) are the external bacterial structures, cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall. In this work it was evaluated how the external bacterial structures influence the PDI efficiency. To reach this objective 8 bacteria with distinct external structures were selected; 4 Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, with typical Gram-negative external structures; Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas hydrophila both with an S-layer and Rhodopirellula sp., with a peptidoglycan-less proteinaceous cell wall and with cytoplasm compartmentalization) and 4 Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, with typical Gram-positive external structures; Truepera radiovictrix, Deinococcus geothermalis and Deinococcus radiodurans, all with thick cell walls that give them Gram-positive stains, but including a second complex multi-layered membrane and structurally analogous to that of Gram-negative bacteria). The studies were performed in the presence of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin tetraiodide (Tetra-Py(+)-Me) at 5.0 μM with white light (40 W m(-2)). The susceptibility of each bacteria to PDI by Tetra-Py(+)-Me was dependent on bacteria external structures. Although all Gram-positive bacteria were inactivated to the detection limit (reduction of ∼8 log) after 60-180 min of irradiation, the inactivation followed distinct patterns. Among the Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli was the only species to be inactivated to the detection limit (∼8 log after 180 min). The efficiency of inactivation of the two species of Aeromonas was similar (reduction of ∼5-6 log after 270 min). Rhodopirellula was less susceptible (reduction of ∼4 log after 270 min). As previously observed, the Gram-positive bacteria are more easily inactivated than Gram-negative strains, and this is even true for T. radiovictrix, D. geothermalis and D. radiodurans, which have a complex multi-layered cell wall. The results support the theory that the outer cell structures are major bacterial targets for PDI. Moreover, the chemical composition of the external structures has a stronger effect on PDI efficiency than complexity and the number of layers of the external coating, and lipids seem to be an important target of PDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Pereira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Abstract
The emergence of microbial resistance is becoming a global problem in clinical and environmental areas. As such, the development of drugs with novel modes of action will be vital to meet the threats created by the rise in microbial resistance. Microbial photodynamic inactivation is receiving considerable attention for its potentialities as a new antimicrobial treatment. This review addresses the interactions between photosensitizers and bacterial cells (binding site and cellular localization), the ultrastructural, morphological and functional changes observed at initial stages and during the course of photodynamic inactivation, the oxidative alterations in specific molecular targets, and a possible development of resistance.
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Photo-activated porphyrin in combination with antibiotics: therapies against Staphylococci. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 129:27-35. [PMID: 24148969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcal infections have become difficult to treat due to antibiotic insensitivity and resistance. Antimicrobial combination therapies may minimize acquisition of resistance and photodynamic therapy is an attractive candidate for these combinations. In this manuscript, we explore combined use of antibiotics and meso-tetra (4-aminophenyl) porphine (TAPP), a cationic porphyrin, for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus contamination. We characterize the antimicrobial activity of photoactivated TAPP and show that activity is largely lost in the presence of a radical scavenger. Importantly, TAPP can be reactivated with continued, albeit attenuated, antibacterial activity. We then show that the antimicrobial activity of illuminated TAPP is additive with chloramphenicol and tobramycin for S. aureus and Escherichia coli, and synergistic for MRSA and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Chloramphenicol+methylene blue, another photosensitizer, also show additivity against S. aureus. In contrast, ceftriaxone and vancomycin do not strongly augment the low level effects of TAPP against S. aureus. Eukaryotic cells exhibit a dose-dependent toxicity with illuminated TAPP. Our results suggest that even sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of photo-activated TAPP could be used to boost the activity of waning antibiotics. This may play an important role in treatments reliant on antibiotic controlled release systems where augmentation with photo-active agents could extend their efficacy.
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25
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Alves E, Faustino MA, Tomé JP, Neves MG, Tomé AC, Cavaleiro JA, Cunha Â, Gomes NC, Almeida A. Nucleic acid changes during photodynamic inactivation of bacteria by cationic porphyrins. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4311-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Eichner A, Gonzales FP, Felgenträger A, Regensburger J, Holzmann T, Schneider-Brachert W, Bäumler W, Maisch T. Dirty hands: photodynamic killing of human pathogens like EHEC, MRSA and Candida within seconds. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 12:135-47. [PMID: 22855122 DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25164g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hand hygiene is one of the most important interventions for reducing transmission of nosocomial life-threatening microorganisms, like methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) or Candida albicans. All three pathogens have become a leading cause of infections in hospitals. Especially EHEC is causing severe diarrhoea and, in a small percentage of cases, haemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) as reported for E. coli 104:H4 in Germany 2011. We revealed the possibility to inactivate very fast and efficiently MRSA, EHEC and C. albicans using the photodynamic approach. MRSA, EHEC and C. albicans were incubated in vitro with different concentrations of TMPyP for 10 s and illuminated with visible light (50 mW cm(-2)) for 10 and 60 s. 1 μmol l(-1) of TMPyP and an applied radiant exposure of 0.5 J cm(-2) achieved a photodynamic killing of ≥99.9% of MRSA and EHEC. Incubation with higher concentrations (up to 100 μmol l(-1)) of TMPyP caused bacteria killing of >5 log(10) (≥99.999%) after illumination. Efficient Candida killing (≥99.999%) was achieved first at a higher light dose of 12 J cm(-2). Different rise and decay times of singlet oxygen luminescence signals could be detected in Candida cell suspensions for the first time, indicating different oxygen concentrations in the surrounding for the photosensitizer and singlet oxygen, respectively. This confirms that TMPyP is not only found in the water-dominated cell surrounding, but also within the C. albicans cells. Applying a water-ethanol solution of TMPyP on ex vivo porcine skin, fluorescence microscopy of histology showed that the photosensitizer was exclusively localized in the stratum corneum regardless of the incubation time. TMPyP exhibited a fast and very effective killing rate of life-threatening pathogens within a couple of seconds that encourages further testing in an in vivo setting. Being fast and effective, antimicrobial photodynamic applications might become acceptable as a tool for hand hygiene procedures and also in other skin areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Eichner
- Department of Dermatology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Parakh P, Gokulakrishnan S, Prakash H. Visible light water disinfection using [Ru(bpy)2(phendione)](PF6)2·2H2O and [Ru(phendione)3]Cl2·2H2O complexes and their effective adsorption onto activated carbon. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Interaction of meso-tetrakis (4-N-methylpyridyl) porphyrin in its free base and as a Zn(II) derivative with large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2012; 42:267-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-012-0872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ando M, Kamei R, Komagoe K, Inoue T, Yamada K, Katsu T. In situ potentiometric method to evaluate bacterial outer membrane-permeabilizing ability of drugs: example using antiprotozoal diamidines. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 91:497-500. [PMID: 23046554 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We introduced a new assay system, combining tyrocidine A and a K(+)-selective electrode, to evaluate the bacterial outer membrane-permeabilizing ability of drugs. Tyrocidine A, in the presence of an outer membrane permeabilizer, increased the permeability to K(+) of the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli, because this antibiotic could markedly increase the permeability of phospholipid layers constituting the cytoplasmic membrane, while it acted weakly on the outer membrane. Hence, the novel function of agents increasing the permeability of the outer membrane could be examined directly by monitoring the tyrocidine A-induced leakage of K(+) from the bacterial cytoplasm using a K(+)-selective electrode. We found that antiprotozoal diamidines, such as diminazene, pentamidine, and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), can increase the permeability of the bacterial outer membrane and appropriate lipophilicity is important for diamidines to permeabilize the outer membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ando
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita, Okayama, Japan
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Dosselli R, Millioni R, Puricelli L, Tessari P, Arrigoni G, Franchin C, Segalla A, Teardo E, Reddi E. Molecular targets of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy identified by a proteomic approach. J Proteomics 2012; 77:329-43. [PMID: 23000218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising tool to combat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. During PDT, bacteria are killed by reactive oxygen species generated by a visible light absorbing photosensitizer (PS). We used a classical proteomic approach that included two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis, to identify some proteins of Staphylococcus aureus that are damaged during PDT with the cationic PS meso-tetra-4-N-methyl pyridyl porphine (T4). Suspensions of S. aureus cells were incubated with selected T4 concentrations and irradiated with doses of blue light that reduced the survival to about 60% or 1%. Proteomics analyses of a membrane proteins enriched fraction revealed that these sub-lethal PDT treatments affected the expression of several functional classes of proteins, and that this damage is selective. Most of these proteins were found to be involved in metabolic activities, in oxidative stress response, in cell division and in the uptake of sugar. Subsequent analyses revealed that PDT treatments delayed the growth and considerably reduced the glucose consumption capacity of S. aureus cells. This investigation provides new insights towards the characterization of PDT induced damage and mechanism of bacterial killing using, for the first time, a proteomic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Dosselli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35128 Padova, Italy.
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Maisch T, Spannberger F, Regensburger J, Felgenträger A, Bäumler W. Fast and effective: intense pulse light photodynamic inactivation of bacteria. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:1013-21. [PMID: 22354734 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the photodynamic toxicity of TMPyP (5, 10, 15, 20-Tetrakis (1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-porphyrin tetra p-toluenesulfonate) in combination with short pulses (ms) of an intense pulse light source within 10 s against Bacillus atrophaeus, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Escherichia coli, major pathogens in food industry and in health care, respectively. Bacteria were incubated with a photoactive dye (TMPyP) that is subsequently irradiated with visible light flashes of 100 ms to induce oxidative damage immediately by generation of reactive oxygen species like singlet oxygen. A photodynamic killing efficacy of up to 6 log(10) (>99.9999%) was achieved within a total treatment time of 10 s using a concentration range of 1-100 μmol TMPyP and multiple light flashes of 100 ms (from 20 J cm(-2) up to 80 J cm(-2)). Both incubation of bacteria with TMPyP alone or application of light flashes only did not have any negative effect on bacteria survival. Here we could demonstrate for the first time that the combination of TMPyP as the respective photosensitizer and a light flash of 100 ms of an intense pulsed light source is enough to generate sufficient amounts of reactive oxygen species to kill these pathogens within a few seconds. Increasing antibiotic resistance requires fast and efficient new approaches to kill bacteria, therefore the photodynamic process seems to be a promising tool for disinfection of horizontal surfaces in industry and clinical purposes where savings in time is a critical point to achieve efficient inactivation of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Maisch
- Department of Dermatology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Kato H, Komagoe K, Nakanishi Y, Inoue T, Katsu T. Xanthene Dyes Induce Membrane Permeabilization of Bacteria and Erythrocytes by Photoinactivation. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:423-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Yamada K, Kodaira M, Shinoda SS, Komagoe K, Oku H, Katakai R, Katsu T, Matsuo I. Structure–activity relationships of gramicidin S analogs containing (β-3-pyridyl)-α,β-dehydroalanine residues on membrane permeability. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00081k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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