1
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Reddy KJ, Kuilya TK, Cha JK. Acyclic Remote 1,6-Stereoselection. Org Lett 2022; 24:6252-6255. [PMID: 35994389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stereochemical communication in homopropargylation and homoallylation of aldehydes was achieved by the Ti-O temporary linker strategy. Propargylic and allylic alcohol derivatives were employed as convenient pronucleophiles, obviating prefabrication of propargylation/allylation reagents. It was surprising that 1,6-diastereoselectivity was affected by not only the Grignard reagent but also the reaction solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Janardhan Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Tapan Kumar Kuilya
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jin Kun Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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2
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Chaminda Lakmal HH, Istre J, Xu X, Cui X, Qian X, Zhou H, Valle HU. Catalytic Amidomethylative [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Formaldimine and Styrenes toward N-Heterocycles. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1710-7256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractChemo-switchable catalytic [2+2+2] cycloaddition of alkenes with formaldimines is reported. Bis(tosylamido)methane (BTM) and 1,2-ditosyl-1,2-diazetidine (DTD), two bench-stable precursors for highly reactive tosylformaldimine, have been identified to be effective. BTM worked as a selective releaser of the formaldimine for catalytic [2+2+2] reactions toward hexahydropyrimidine products via a presumable ‘imine–alkene–imine’ addition. A unique catalytic retro-[2+2] reaction of DTD was used and has enabled a proposed ‘imine–alkene–alkene’ pathway with high chemoselectivity for the synthesis of 2,4-diarylpiperidine derivatives. The two alternative processes are catalyzed by the simple and environmentally benign catalysts InCl3 and FeBr2, respectively.
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3
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Petruncio G, Shellnutt Z, Elahi-Mohassel S, Alishetty S, Paige M. Skipped dienes in natural product synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:2187-2213. [PMID: 34913051 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00012h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000-2020The 1,4-diene motif, also known as a skipped diene, is widespread across various classes of natural products including alkaloids, fatty acids, terpenoids, and polyketides as part of either the finalized structure or a biosynthetic intermediate. The prevalence of this nonconjugated diene system in nature has resulted in numerous encounters in the total synthesis literature. However, skipped dienes have not been extensively reviewed, which could be attributed to overshadowing by the more recognized 1,3-diene system. In this review, we aim to highlight the relevance of skipped dienes in natural products through the lens of total synthesis. Subjects that will be covered include nomenclature, structural properties, prevalence in natural products, synthetic strategies and the future direction of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Petruncio
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA.
| | - Zachary Shellnutt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA.
| | - Synah Elahi-Mohassel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA.
| | - Suman Alishetty
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA
| | - Mikell Paige
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA.
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4
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Feng WM, Li TY, Xiao LJ, Zhou QL. Nickel-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroalkenylation of Imines. Org Lett 2021; 23:7900-7904. [PMID: 34559538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A ligand-enabled nickel-catalyzed intramolecular hydroalkenylation of imines with unactivated alkenes has been developed. A variety of five- and six-membered cyclic allylic amines were synthesized in high yields. The use of both wide-bite-angle diphosphine ligand and Brønsted acid is crucial for realizing the reaction. Preliminary investigation of the asymmetric intramolecular hydroalkenylation of imines shows promising potential for the application of the method in the synthesis of enantio-enriched cyclic allylic amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tian-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li-Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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5
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Konik YA, Kananovich DG. Asymmetric synthesis with titanacyclopropane reagents: From early results to the recent achievements. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Cai B, Panek JS. Titanium Alkoxide-Based Regioselective Alkyne-Alkyne Reductive Coupling Mediated by In Situ Generated Arylamidate. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3729-3735. [PMID: 32050069 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Titanium alkoxide-based alkyne-alkyne reductive coupling mediated by in situ generated arylamidate is described. A high level of regioselectivity is achieved in 37 examples, where (E,E)-dienes are exclusively formed. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first example of an apparent amide and carbamate directing effect in metal-mediated reductive coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - James S Panek
- Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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7
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Khatri HR, Carney N, Rutkoski R, Bhattarai B, Nagorny P. Recent Progress in Steroid Synthesis Triggered by the Emergence of New Catalytic Methods. European J Org Chem 2020; 2020:755-776. [PMID: 32601521 PMCID: PMC7324020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rich biology associated with steroids dictates a growing demand for the new synthetic strategies that would improve the access to natural and unnatural representatives of this family. The recent advances in the field of catalysis have greatly impacted the field of natural product synthesis including the synthesis of steroids. This article provides a short overview of the recent progress in the synthesis of steroids that was enabled by the advances in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem Raj Khatri
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930. N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nolan Carney
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930. N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ryan Rutkoski
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930. N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bijay Bhattarai
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930. N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930. N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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8
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Kiyota S, Hirano M. An insight into regioselectivity in the transformation through a ruthenacycle. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04880d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ru(0)-Catalysed cross-dimerisation of unsymmetrical internal alkynes with conjugated dienes yields two conjugated trienes depending on the regioselectivity. The regioselectivity is dominantly controlled by the induction effect of the substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayori Kiyota
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
| | - Masafumi Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
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9
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Abstract
As readily accessible strained carbocycles, cyclopropenes show a diverse range of reactivities, and a lot of novel and useful transformations have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
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10
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Recent Progress in Steroid Synthesis Triggered by the Emergence of New Catalytic Methods. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Manßen M, Schafer LL. Titanium catalysis for the synthesis of fine chemicals – development and trends. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6947-6994. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atlas as a Titan(ium) is holding the earth-abundant chemistry world. Titanium is the second most abundant transition metal, is a key player in important industrial processes (e.g. polyethylene) and shows much promise for diverse applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Manßen
- The Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- The Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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12
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Lee MT, Goodstein MB, Lalic G. Synthesis of Isomerically Pure ( Z)-Alkenes from Terminal Alkynes and Terminal Alkenes: Silver-Catalyzed Hydroalkylation of Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17086-17091. [PMID: 31633923 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alkenes are an important class of compounds common among biologically active molecules and often are used as intermediates in organic synthesis. Many alkenes exist in two stereoisomeric forms (E and Z), which have different structures and different properties. The selective formation of the two isomers is an important synthetic goal that has long inspired the development of new synthetic methods. However, the efficient synthesis of diastereopure, thermodynamically less stable, Z-alkenes is still challenging. Here, we demonstrate an efficient synthesis of diastereopure Z-alkenes (Z:E > 300:1) through a silver-catalyzed hydroalkylation of terminal alkynes, using alkylboranes as coupling partners. We also describe the exploration of the substrate scope, which reveals the broad functional group compatibility of the new method. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that a 1,2-metalate rearrangement of the silver borate intermediate is the key step responsible for the stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell T Lee
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Madison B Goodstein
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Gojko Lalic
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bertus
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
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14
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Millham AB, Kier MJ, Leon RM, Karmakar R, Stempel ZD, Micalizio GC. A Complementary Process to Pauson-Khand-Type Annulation Reactions for the Construction of Fully Substituted Cyclopentenones. Org Lett 2019; 21:567-570. [PMID: 30614709 PMCID: PMC6465167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A complementary process to the Pauson-Khand annulation is described that is well suited to forging densely substituted/oxygenated cyclopentenone products (including fully substituted variants). The reaction is thought to proceed through a sequence of metallacycle-mediated bond-forming events that engages an internal alkyne and a β-keto ester in an annulation process that forges two C-C bonds. A variant of this annulation process has also been established that delivers deoxygenated cyclopentenones that lack the allylic tertiary alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Millham
- Department of Chemistry , Dartmouth College , Burke Laboratory, Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Matthew J Kier
- Department of Chemistry , Dartmouth College , Burke Laboratory, Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Robert M Leon
- Department of Chemistry , Dartmouth College , Burke Laboratory, Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Rajdip Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry , Dartmouth College , Burke Laboratory, Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Zachary D Stempel
- Department of Chemistry , Dartmouth College , Burke Laboratory, Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Glenn C Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry , Dartmouth College , Burke Laboratory, Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
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15
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Beaumier EP, Pearce AJ, See XY, Tonks IA. Modern applications of low-valent early transition metals in synthesis and catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2019; 3:15-34. [PMID: 30989127 PMCID: PMC6462221 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low-valent early transition metals are often intrinsically highly reactive as a result of their strong propensity toward oxidation to more stable high-valent states. Harnessing these highly reducing complexes for productive reactivity is potentially powerful for C-C bond construction, organic reductions, small-molecule activation and many other reactions that offer orthogonal chemoselectivity and/or regioselectivity patterns to processes promoted by late transition metals. Recent years have seen many exciting new applications of low-valent metals through building new catalytic and/or multicomponent reaction manifolds out of classical reactivity patterns. In this Review, we survey new methods that employ early transition metals and invoke low-valent precursors or intermediates in order to identify common themes and strategies in synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P. Beaumier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adam J. Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xin Yi See
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ian A. Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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16
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Shalit ZA, Micalizio GC. A Highly Chemo-, Regio-, and Stereoselective Metallacycle-Mediated Annulation Between a Conjugated Enyne and an Ene-Diyne. ARKIVOC 2018; 2018:132-138. [PMID: 31742254 DOI: 10.24820/ark.5550190.p010.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkoxide-directed metal-centered intermolecular [2+2+2] annulation is shown to chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectively engage two polyunsaturated substrate in productive cyclization chemistry. This annulation process is unique in the field, revealing that it is possible to selectively engage three of five π-systems residing in the coupling partners in initial [2+2+2] reaction, and demonstrating that one of the two remaining π-systems (the TMS-alkyne) can ultimately serve to simply generate a new metallacyclopentene of great potential value in additional metallacycle-mediated coupling chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Shalit
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Glenn C Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
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17
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Synthetic nat- or ent-steroids in as few as five chemical steps from epichlorohydrin. Nat Chem 2017; 10:70-77. [PMID: 29256503 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Today, more than 100 Food and Drug Administration-approved steroidal agents are prescribed daily for indications including heart failure, inflammation, pain and cancer. While triumphs in organic chemistry have enabled the establishment and sustained growth of the steroid pharmaceutical industry, the production of highly functionalized synthetic steroids of varying substitution and stereochemistry remains challenging, despite the numerous reports of elegant strategies for their de novo synthesis. Here, we describe an advance in chemical synthesis that has established an enantiospecific means to access novel steroids with unprecedented facility and flexibility through the sequential use of two powerful ring-forming reactions: a modern metallacycle-mediated annulative cross-coupling and a new acid-catalysed vinylcyclopropane rearrangement cascade. In addition to accessing synthetic steroids of either enantiomeric series, these steroidal products have been selectively functionalized within each of the four carbocyclic rings, a synthetic ent-steroid has been prepared on a multigram scale, the enantiomer of a selective oestrogen has been synthesized, and a novel ent-steroid with growth inhibitory properties in three cancer cell lines has been discovered.
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18
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Micalizio GC, Mizoguchi H. The Development of Alkoxide-Directed Metallacycle-Mediated Annulative Cross-Coupling Chemistry. Isr J Chem 2017; 57:228-238. [PMID: 28652644 PMCID: PMC5482546 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alkoxide-directed metallacycle-mediated cross-coupling is a rapidly growing area of reaction methodology in organic chemistry. Over the last decade, developments have resulted in > thirty new and highly selective intermolecular (or "convergent") C-C bond-forming reactions that have established powerful retrosynthetic relationships in stereoselective synthesis. While early studies were focused on developing transformations that forge a single C-C bond by way of a functionalized and unsaturated metallacyclopentane intermediate, recent advances mark the ability to employ this organometallic intermediate in additional stereoselective transformations. Among these more advanced coupling processes, those that embrace the metallacycle in subsequent [4+2] chemistry have resulted in the realization of a number of highly selective annulative cross-coupling reactions that deliver densely functionalized and angularly substituted carbocycles. This review discusses the early development of this chemistry, recent advances in reaction methodology, and shares a glimpse of the power of these processes in natural product synthesis.
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19
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O'Rourke NF, Kier MJ, Micalizio GC. Metallacycle-Mediated Cross-Coupling in Natural Product Synthesis. Tetrahedron 2016; 72:7093-7123. [PMID: 27765997 PMCID: PMC5067085 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha F O'Rourke
- Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Matthew J Kier
- Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Glenn C Micalizio
- Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
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20
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Cai B, Evans RW, Wu J, Panek JS. Total Synthesis of Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells-68 (NFAT-68): Sequential Use of Chiral Allenylsilane and Titanium Alkoxide-Mediated Reductive Coupling Bond Construction. Org Lett 2016; 18:4304-7. [PMID: 27513364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly enantioenriched chiral allenylsilanes 4 were prepared in high yield through a scalable synthetic sequence, employing a modified copper-catalyzed SN2' reaction. These reagents were used for the production of enantioenriched homoproparglylic ethers 5, which were subjected to titanium alkoxide-mediated reductive coupling with acetylenic esters to produce (E,E)-dienes 6 bearing α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated esters. Both enantiomers of nuclear factor of activated T-cells-68 (NFAT-68) were synthesized in five steps with the sequential use of the two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ryan W Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - James S Panek
- Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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21
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Tan FL, Song RJ, Hu M, Li JH. Metal-Free Oxidative 1,2-Arylmethylation Cascades of N-(Arylsulfonyl)acrylamides Using Peroxides as the Methyl Resource. Org Lett 2016; 18:3198-201. [PMID: 27286238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new, metal-free oxidative 1,2-arylmethylation cascades of N-(arylsulfonyl)acrylamides for the assembly of 2,2-disubstituted-N-arylbutanamides containing an all-carbon quaternary center is presented. This reaction enables the one-step formation of two new C-C bonds through a sequence of methylation/1,4-aryl migration/desulfonylation using an organic peroxide as the methyl resource with a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Lin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Ming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China.,Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063, China
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22
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Shi G, Chen D, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Synthesis of Fluorenes Starting from 2-Iodobiphenyls and CH2Br2 through Palladium-Catalyzed Dual C-C Bond Formation. Org Lett 2016; 18:2958-61. [PMID: 27232671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient approach is developed for the synthesis of fluorene and its derivatives starting from 2-iodobiphenyls and CH2Br2. A range of fluorene derivatives can be synthesized under relatively mild conditions. The reaction proceeds via a tandem palladium-catalyzed dual C-C bond formation sequence through the key dibenzopalladacyclopentadiene intermediates, which are obtained from 2-iodobiphenyls through palladium-catalyzed C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfa Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dushen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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23
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Bandar J, Ascic E, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective CuH-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Aryl Alkenes and Activated Carboxylic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5821-4. [PMID: 27121395 PMCID: PMC4866599 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the enantioselective reductive coupling of aryl alkenes with activated carboxylic acid derivatives via copper hydride catalysis is described. Dual catalytic cycles are proposed, with a relatively fast enantioselective hydroacylation cycle followed by a slower diastereoselective ketone reduction cycle. Symmetrical aryl carboxyclic anhydrides provide access to enantioenriched α-substituted ketones or alcohols with excellent stereoselectivity and functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey
S. Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Erhad Ascic
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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24
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Chen D, Shi G, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Sequential Difunctionalization of 2-Iodobiphenyls by Exploiting the Reactivities of a Palladacycle and an Acyclic Arylpalladium Species. Org Lett 2016; 18:2130-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dushen Chen
- Department of Chemistry,
and Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Guangfa Shi
- Department of Chemistry,
and Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Hang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry,
and Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry,
and Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yanghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry,
and Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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25
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O’Rourke NF, Micalizio GC. Cyclopropenes in Metallacycle-Mediated Cross-Coupling with Alkynes: Convergent Synthesis of Highly Substituted Vinylcyclopropanes. Org Lett 2016; 18:1250-3. [PMID: 26987882 PMCID: PMC4882924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stereodivergent metallacycle-mediated cross-coupling reactions are described for the synthesis of densely functionalized vinylcyclopropanes from the union of alkynes with cyclopropenes. Strategies explored include hydroxyl-directed and nondirected processes, with the latter of these delivering vinylcyclopropanes with exquisite levels of regio- and stereoselectivity. Challenges inherent to these coupling reactions include diastereoselectivity (with respect to the cyclopropene) and regioselectivity (with respect to both coupling partners).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha F. O’Rourke
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Glenn C. Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755
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26
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Roth T, Wadepohl H, Clot E, Gade LH. Azaphilic versus Carbophilic Coupling at C=N Bonds: Key Steps in Titanium-Assisted Multicomponent Reactions. Chemistry 2015; 21:18730-8. [PMID: 26542982 PMCID: PMC4832833 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Consecutive C- and N-arylation of N-heterocyclic nitriles is mediated by titanium(IV) alkoxides. The carbo- and azaphilic arylation step may be separated by choosing the order in which the two equivalents of aryl transfer reagent are added. In the course of this transformation, the ancillary N-heterocycle acts as both a directing anchor group and electron reservoir. In the selectivity-determining step, the selectivity is governed by a choice between (direct) C- and Ti-arylation; the latter opens up a reaction pathway that allows further migration to the nitrogen atom. The isolation of metal-containing aggregates from the reaction mixture and computational studies gave insights into the reaction mechanism. Subsequently, a multicomponent one-pot protocol was devised to rapidly access complex quaternary carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Roth
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
| | - Eric Clot
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS 5253, cc 1501, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34000 Montpellier (France).
| | - Lutz H Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany).
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27
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Loose F, Schmidtmann M, Saak W, Beckhaus R. Imines in the Titanium Coordination Sphere: Highly Reactive Titanaaziridines and Larger Titanacycles Formed by Subsequent C–C Coupling Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Loose
- Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany http://www.uni‐oldenburg.de/ac‐beckhaus/
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany http://www.uni‐oldenburg.de/ac‐beckhaus/
| | - Wolfgang Saak
- Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany http://www.uni‐oldenburg.de/ac‐beckhaus/
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany http://www.uni‐oldenburg.de/ac‐beckhaus/
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28
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Fehlhammer WP, Beck W. Azide Chemistry - An Inorganic Perspective, Part II[‡][3+2]-Cycloaddition Reactions of Metal Azides and Related Systems. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Alkoxy-directed cyclopropanation of 1,1-disubstituted alkenes with esters: new approach to quaternary carbon centers. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Kim WS, Aquino C, Mizoguchi H, Micalizio GC. LiOO t-Bu as a terminal oxidant in a titanium alkoxide-mediated [2+2+2] reaction cascade. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:3357-3359. [PMID: 26097265 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
LiOOt-Bu is an effective oxidant for converting the penultimate organometallic intermediate generated in a titanium alkoxide-mediated [2+2+2] reaction cascade to an allylic alcohol. Oxidation of the presumed allylic titanium species is highly regioselective, providing direct access to substituted hydroindanes containing a primary allylic alcohol. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility of this oxidation process, we document the ability to convert the primary allylic alcohol products to angularly substituted cis-fused hydroindanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Shin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Claudio Aquino
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Haruki Mizoguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Glenn C Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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31
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Micalizio GC, Hale SB. Reaction design, discovery, and development as a foundation to function-oriented synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:663-73. [PMID: 25668752 DOI: 10.1021/ar500408e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Convergent C-C bond-forming reactions define the fabric of organic synthesis and, when applied in complex molecule synthesis, can have a profound impact on efficiency by decreasing the longest linear sequence of transformations required to convert simple starting materials to complex targets. Despite their well-appreciated strategic significance, campaigns in natural product synthesis typically embrace only a small suite of reactivity to achieve such bond construction (i.e., nucleophilic addition to polarized π-bonds, nucleophilic substitution, cycloaddition, and metal-catalyzed "cross-coupling"), therefore limiting the sites at which convergent coupling chemistry can be strategically employed. In our opinion, it is far too often that triumphs in the field are defined by chemical sequences that do not address the challenges associated with discovery, development, and production of natural product-inspired agents. We speculated that advancing an area of chemical reactivity not represented in the few well-established strategies for convergent C-C bond formation may lead to powerful new retrosynthetic relationships that could simplify approaches to the syntheses of a variety of different classes of natural products. Our studies ultimately embraced the pursuit of strategies to control the course of metallacycle-mediated "cross-coupling" between substrates containing sites of simple π-unsaturation (ubiquitous functionality in organic chemistry including alkenes, alkynes, allenes, aldehydes, and imines, among others). In just eight years since our initial publication in this area, we have defined over 20 stereoselective intermolecular C-C bond-forming reactions that provide access to structural motifs of relevance for the synthesis of polyketides, fatty acids, alkaloids, and terpenes, while doing so in a direct and stereoselective fashion. These achievements continue to serve as the foundation of my group's activity in natural product and function-oriented synthesis, where our achievements in reaction development are challenged in the context of complex targets. Among our early efforts, we achieved the most concise synthesis of a benzoquinone ansamycin ever described (macbecin I), and moved beyond this achievement to explore the role of our chemistry in function-oriented synthesis targeting the discovery of natural product-inspired Hsp90 inhibitors. These later efforts have led to the discovery of a uniquely selective benzoquinone ansamycin-inspired Hsp90 inhibitor that lacks the problematic quinone present in the natural series. This achievement was made possible by a concise chemical synthesis pathway that had at its core the application of metallacycle-mediated cross-coupling chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn C. Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry,
Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Sarah B. Hale
- Department of Chemistry,
Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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32
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Loose F, Plettenberg I, Haase D, Saak W, Schmidtmann M, Schäfer A, Müller T, Beckhaus R. Aromatic Imines in the Titanocene Coordination Sphere—Titanaaziridine vs 1-Aza-2-titanacyclopent-4-ene Structures. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500750y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Loose
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Inka Plettenberg
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Detlev Haase
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Wolfgang Saak
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - André Schäfer
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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33
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Hermant F, Urbańska E, Seizilles de Mazancourt S, Maubert T, Nicolas E, Six Y. Reductive Alkylation of Thioamides with Grignard Reagents in the Presence of Ti(OiPr)4: Insight and Extension. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500603v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Hermant
- Laboratoire
de Synthèse Organique (DCSO), UMR 7652 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Ewelina Urbańska
- Laboratoire
de Synthèse Organique (DCSO), UMR 7652 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Thomas Maubert
- Laboratoire
de Synthèse Organique (DCSO), UMR 7652 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Nicolas
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), UMR 9168 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Yvan Six
- Laboratoire
de Synthèse Organique (DCSO), UMR 7652 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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34
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Setzer P, Forcher G, Boeda F, Pearson-Long MSM, Bertus P. Titanium-Mediated Addition of Grignard Reagents to Acyl Cyanohydrins: Aminocyclopropane versus 1,4-Diketone Formation. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Yang D, Micalizio GC. Stereochemical lability of azatitanacyclopropanes: dynamic kinetic resolution in reductive cross-coupling reactions with allylic alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8857-9. [PMID: 23963189 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45607b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azatitanacyclopropanes (titanaziridines) are shown to be stereochemically labile under reaction conditions for reductive cross-coupling. This fundamental property has been employed to realize highly selective asymmetric coupling reactions with allylic alcohols that proceed by dynamic kinetic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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36
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Campos J, Espada MF, López-Serrano J, Carmona E. Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes of Bis(Aryl) Phosphine Ligands: Catalytic C–H/C–D Exchanges and C–C Coupling Reactions. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:6694-704. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400759r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Campos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Universidad de Sevilla,
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo
Vespucio 49, 41092, Spain
| | - María F. Espada
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Universidad de Sevilla,
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo
Vespucio 49, 41092, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Universidad de Sevilla,
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo
Vespucio 49, 41092, Spain
| | - Ernesto Carmona
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Universidad de Sevilla,
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo
Vespucio 49, 41092, Spain
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37
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Yeh CH, Korivi RP, Cheng CH. Ene-Carbonyl Reductive Coupling Mediated by Zinc and Ammonia for the Synthesis of γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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38
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Li L, Kristian KE, Han A, Norton JR, Sattler W. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Reactivity of Cp2- and (CpMe)2-Ligated Titanaaziridines and Titanaoxiranes with Fast Enantiomer Interconversion Rates. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300825n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kathleen E. Kristian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Arthur Han
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jack R. Norton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Wesley Sattler
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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39
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Wu J, Pu Y, Panek JS. Divergent synthesis of functionalized carbocycles through organosilane-directed asymmetric alkyne-alkene reductive coupling and annulation sequence. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18440-6. [PMID: 23057751 DOI: 10.1021/ja3083945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An organosilane-directed alkyne-alkene reductive coupling of readily available propargylsilanes is used to access densely functionalized chiral allylsilanes. The divergent reactivity of the allylsilanes can be controlled to afford a range of novel carbocyclic ring systems through an intramolecular allylation, [3+2] annulation, and Sakurai-like homodimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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40
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Kubo O, Canterbury DP, Micalizio GC. Synthesis of the C1-C26 hexacyclic subunit of pectenotoxin 2. Org Lett 2012; 14:5748-51. [PMID: 23101680 DOI: 10.1021/ol302751b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the C1-C26 hexacyclic subunit of pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) is described that features a stereoselective annulation to generate the C-ring by triple asymmetric Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi coupling followed by oxidative cyclization. Preparation of the C1-C14 AB spriroketal-containing subunit employs a recently developed metallacycle-mediated reductive cross-coupling between a TMS-alkyne and a terminal alkene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozora Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
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41
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Greszler SN, Reichard HA, Micalizio GC. Asymmetric synthesis of dihydroindanes by convergent alkoxide-directed metallacycle-mediated bond formation. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2766-74. [PMID: 22235773 DOI: 10.1021/ja2105043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A convergent synthesis of highly substituted and stereodefined dihydroindanes is described from alkoxide-directed Ti-mediated cross-coupling of internal alkynes with substituted 4-hydroxy-1,6-enynes (substrates that derive from 2-directional functionalization of readily available epoxy alcohol derivatives). In addition to describing a new and highly stereoselective approach to bimolecular [2 + 2 + 2] annulation that delivers products not available with other methods in this area of chemical reactivity, evidence is provided to support annulation by way of regioselective alkyne-alkyne coupling, followed by metal-centered [4 + 2] rather than stepwise alkene insertion and reductive elimination. Overall, the reaction proceeds with exquisite stereochemical control and defines a convenient, convergent, and enantiospecific entry to fused carbocycles of great potential value in target-oriented synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Greszler
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
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42
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Das PP, Lysenko IL, Cha JK. Stereoselective Alkylation of Allylic Alcohols: Tandem Ethylation and Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:9459-61. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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Das PP, Lysenko IL, Cha JK. Stereoselective Alkylation of Allylic Alcohols: Tandem Ethylation and Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Chen MZ, McLaughlin M, Takahashi M, Tarselli MA, Yang D, Umemura S, Micalizio GC. Preparation of stereodefined homoallylic amines from the reductive cross-coupling of allylic alcohols with imines. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8048-59. [PMID: 21069994 PMCID: PMC2993781 DOI: 10.1021/jo101535d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective coupling reactions between imines and allylic alcohols have been developed. These coupling reactions deliver complex homoallylic amine products through a convergent C-C bond forming process that does not proceed through intermediate allylic organometallic reagents. In general, convergent coupling, by exposure of an allylic alkoxide to a preformed Ti-imine complex, occurs with allylic transposition in a predictable and stereocontrolled manner. While simple diastereoselection in these reactions is high, delivering anti-products with ≥20:1 selectivity, the organometallic transformation described is compatible with a diverse range of functionality and substrates (including aliphatic and aromatic imines, allylic silanes, trisubstituted alkenes, vinyl- and aryl halides, trifluoromethyl groups, thioethers, and aromatic heterocycles). Alkene geometry of the products is a complex function of the allylic alcohol structure and is consistent with a mechanistic proposal based on syn-carbometalation followed by syn-elimination by way of a boat-like transition state geometry. Single asymmetric coupling reactions provide a means to translate the stereochemical information of the allylic alcohol to the homoallylic amine or to control diastereoselection in the coupling reactions of achiral allylic alcohols with chiral imines. Double asymmetric coupling reactions are also described that afford a unique means to control stereoselection in these complex convergent coupling processes. Finally, empirical models are proposed that are consistent with the observed stereochemical course of these coupling reactions en route to chiral homoallylic amines possessing di- or trisubstituted alkenes and anti- or syn- relative stereochemistry at the allylic and homoallylic positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Z. Chen
- Kellogg School of Science and Technology at The Scripps Research Institute
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