1
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Nath P, Mahtaba KR, Ray A. Fluorescence-Based Portable Assays for Detection of Biological and Chemical Analytes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115053. [PMID: 37299780 DOI: 10.3390/s23115053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based detection techniques are part of an ever-expanding field and are widely used in biomedical and environmental research as a biosensing tool. These techniques have high sensitivity, selectivity, and a short response time, making them a valuable tool for developing bio-chemical assays. The endpoint of these assays is defined by changes in fluorescence signal, in terms of its intensity, lifetime, and/or shift in spectrum, which is monitored using readout devices such as microscopes, fluorometers, and cytometers. However, these devices are often bulky, expensive, and require supervision to operate, which makes them inaccessible in resource-limited settings. To address these issues, significant effort has been directed towards integrating fluorescence-based assays into miniature platforms based on papers, hydrogels, and microfluidic devices, and to couple these assays with portable readout devices like smartphones and wearable optical sensors, thereby enabling point-of-care detection of bio-chemical analytes. This review highlights some of the recently developed portable fluorescence-based assays by discussing the design of fluorescent sensor molecules, their sensing strategy, and the fabrication of point-of-care devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peuli Nath
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Kazi Ridita Mahtaba
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Aniruddha Ray
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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2
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Cheng Y, Zhou H, Xu J, Zhao Y, Chen X, Antoine R, Ding M, Zhang K, Zhang S. Photoluminescent gold nanoclusters as two-photon excited ratiometric pH sensor and photoactivated peroxidase. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:225. [PMID: 37195510 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A two-photon excited ratiometric fluorescent pH sensor is reported by combining L-cysteine-protected AuNCs (Cys@AuNCs) with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Cys@AuNCs were synthesized through a one-step self-reduction route and showed pH-responsive photoluminescence at 650 nm. Benefiting from the opposite pH response of Cys@AuNCs and FITC, the fluorescence ratio (F515 nm/F650 nm) of FITC&Cys@AuNCs provided a large dynamic range of 200-fold for pH measurement in the response interval of pH 5.0-8.0. Based on the excellent two-photon absorption coefficient of Cys@AuNCs, the sensor was expected to achieve sensitive quantitation of pH in living cells under two-photon excitation. In addition, colorimetric biosensing based on enzyme-like metal nanoclusters has attracted wide attention due to their low-cost, simplicity, and practicality. It is crucial to develop high catalytic activity nanozyme from the viewpoint of practical application. The synthesized Cys@AuNCs exhibited excellent photoactivated peroxidase-like activity with high substrate affinity and catalytic reaction rate, promising for rapid colorimetric biosensing of field analysis and the control of catalytic reactions by photostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, No.500, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Huangmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, No.500, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jinming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, No.500, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, No.500, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xihang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, No.500, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon, F69100, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Meng Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No.3663, North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No.3663, North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Sanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, No.500, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
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3
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Wang X, Feng Y, Liu J, Cheng K, Liu Y, Yang W, Zhang H, Peng H. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-doped conjugated polymer nanoparticles for two-photon ratiometric fluorescent imaging of intracellular pH fluctuations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120477. [PMID: 34662780 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a two-photon ratiometric fluorescent pH nanosensor based on conjugated polymer poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) nanoparticles loaded with pH-sensitive fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) for intracellular pH monitoring. The obtained nanosensor (FITC-PFO NPs) possesses high sensitivity, excellent stability, good reversibility, favorable two-photon excitability and low cytotoxicity. The ratiometric fluorescence of FITC and PFO (F517/F417) in FITC-PFO NPs solution shows an efficient pH-sensitive response over the pH range from 3 to 10 (pKa = 6.43) under two-photon excitation. Additionally, the FITC-PFO NPs is successfully applied for ratiometric imaging of intracellular pH and its fluctuation in both one-photon and two-photon excitation modes. Overall, the two-photon pH nanosensor based on FITC-PFO NPs exhibits great potential in crucial physiological and biological processes related to intracellular pH fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Beijing Key laboratory of Work Safety Intelligent Monitoring, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China.
| | - Yuanxiangyi Feng
- Beijing Key laboratory of Work Safety Intelligent Monitoring, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha 410015, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Beijing Key laboratory of Work Safety Intelligent Monitoring, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Yuanan Liu
- Beijing Key laboratory of Work Safety Intelligent Monitoring, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Beijing Key laboratory of Work Safety Intelligent Monitoring, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Beijing Key laboratory of Work Safety Intelligent Monitoring, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Hongshang Peng
- School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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4
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Aref M, Ranjbari E, García-Guzmán JJ, Hu K, Lork A, Crespo GA, Ewing AG, Cuartero M. Potentiometric pH Nanosensor for Intracellular Measurements: Real-Time and Continuous Assessment of Local Gradients. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15744-15751. [PMID: 34783529 PMCID: PMC8637545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We present a pH nanosensor
conceived for single intracellular measurements.
The sensing architecture consisted of a two-electrode system evaluated
in the potentiometric mode. We used solid-contact carbon nanopipette
electrodes tailored to produce both the indicator (pH nanosensor)
and reference electrodes. The indicator electrode was a membrane-based
ion-selective electrode containing a receptor for hydrogen ions that
provided a favorable selectivity for intracellular measurements. The
analytical features of the pH nanosensor revealed a Nernstian response
(slope of −59.5 mV/pH unit) with appropriate repeatability
and reproducibility (variation coefficients of <2% for the calibration
parameters), a fast response time (<5 s), adequate medium-term
drift (0.7 mV h–1), and a linear range of response
including physiological and abnormal cell pH levels (6.0–8.5).
In addition, the position and configuration of the reference electrode
were investigated in cell-based experiments to provide unbiased pH
measurements, in which both the indicator and reference electrodes
were located inside the same cell, each of them inside two neighboring
cells, or the indicator electrode inside the cell and the reference
electrode outside of (but nearby) the studied cell. Finally, the pH
nanosensor was applied to two cases: (i) the tracing of the pH gradient
from extra-to intracellular media over insertion into a single PC12
cell and (ii) the monitoring of variations in intracellular pH in
response to exogenous administration of pharmaceuticals. It is anticipated
that the developed pH nanosensor, which is a label-free analytical
tool, has high potential to aid in the investigation of pathological
states that manifest in cell pH misregulation, with no restriction
in the type of targeted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Aref
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Elias Ranjbari
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Juan José García-Guzmán
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Keke Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Alicia Lork
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Gaston A Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Maria Cuartero
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
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5
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Ratiometric two-photon fluorescence probes for sensing, imaging and biomedicine applications at living cell and small animal levels. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Nath P, Hamadna SS, Karamchand L, Foster J, Kopelman R, Amar JG, Ray A. Intracellular detection of singlet oxygen using fluorescent nanosensors. Analyst 2021; 146:3933-3941. [PMID: 33982697 PMCID: PMC8210662 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00456e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Detection of singlet oxygen is of great importance for a range of therapeutic applications, particularly photodynamic therapy, plasma therapy and also during photo-endosomolytic activity. Here we present a novel method of intracellular detection of singlet oxygen using biocompatible polymeric nanosensors, encapsulating the organic fluorescent dye, Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green (SOSG) within its hydrophobic core. The singlet oxygen detection efficiency of the nanosensors was quantified experimentally by treating them with a plasma source and these results were further validated by using Monte Carlo simulations. The change in fluorescence intensity of the nanosensors serves as a metric to detect singlet oxygen in the local micro-environment inside mammalian cancer cells. We used these nanosensors for monitoring singlet oxygen inside endosomes and lysosomes of cancer cells, during cold plasma therapy, using a room-temperature Helium plasma jet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peuli Nath
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
| | | | | | - John Foster
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacques G Amar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
| | - Aniruddha Ray
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
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7
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Cost-Effective Real-Time Metabolic Profiling of Cancer Cell Lines for Plate-Based Assays. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9060139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental phenotype of cancer cells is their metabolic profile, which is routinely described in terms of glycolytic and respiratory rates. Various devices and protocols have been designed to quantify glycolysis and respiration from the rates of acid production and oxygen utilization, respectively, but many of these approaches have limitations, including concerns about their cost-ineffectiveness, inadequate normalization procedures, or short probing time-frames. As a result, many methods for measuring metabolism are incompatible with cell culture conditions, particularly in the context of high-throughput applications. Here, we present a simple plate-based approach for real-time measurements of acid production and oxygen depletion under typical culture conditions that enable metabolic monitoring for extended periods of time. Using this approach, it is possible to calculate metabolic fluxes and, uniquely, describe the system at steady-state. By controlling the conditions with respect to pH buffering, O2 diffusion, medium volume, and cell numbers, our workflow can accurately describe the metabolic phenotype of cells in terms of molar fluxes. This direct measure of glycolysis and respiration is conducive for between-runs and even between-laboratory comparisons. To illustrate the utility of this approach, we characterize the phenotype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines and measure their response to a switch of metabolic substrate and the presence of metabolic inhibitors. In summary, the method can deliver a robust appraisal of metabolism in cell lines, with applications in drug screening and in quantitative studies of metabolic regulation.
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8
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Steinegger A, Wolfbeis OS, Borisov SM. Optical Sensing and Imaging of pH Values: Spectroscopies, Materials, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12357-12489. [PMID: 33147405 PMCID: PMC7705895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This is the first comprehensive review on methods and materials for use in optical sensing of pH values and on applications of such sensors. The Review starts with an introduction that contains subsections on the definition of the pH value, a brief look back on optical methods for sensing of pH, on the effects of ionic strength on pH values and pKa values, on the selectivity, sensitivity, precision, dynamic ranges, and temperature dependence of such sensors. Commonly used optical sensing schemes are covered in a next main chapter, with subsections on methods based on absorptiometry, reflectometry, luminescence, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance, photonic crystals, turbidity, mechanical displacement, interferometry, and solvatochromism. This is followed by sections on absorptiometric and luminescent molecular probes for use pH in sensors. Further large sections cover polymeric hosts and supports, and methods for immobilization of indicator dyes. Further and more specific sections summarize the state of the art in materials with dual functionality (indicator and host), nanomaterials, sensors based on upconversion and 2-photon absorption, multiparameter sensors, imaging, and sensors for extreme pH values. A chapter on the many sensing formats has subsections on planar, fiber optic, evanescent wave, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance and holography based sensor designs, and on distributed sensing. Another section summarizes selected applications in areas, such as medicine, biology, oceanography, bioprocess monitoring, corrosion studies, on the use of pH sensors as transducers in biosensors and chemical sensors, and their integration into flow-injection analyzers, microfluidic devices, and lab-on-a-chip systems. An extra section is devoted to current challenges, with subsections on challenges of general nature and those of specific nature. A concluding section gives an outlook on potential future trends and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Steinegger
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Otto S. Wolfbeis
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sergey M. Borisov
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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9
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Yan H, Ren W, Liu S, Yu Y. Two-photon imaging of aptamer-functionalized Copolymer/TPdye fluorescent organic dots targeted to cancer cells. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1106:199-206. [PMID: 32145849 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent organic dots (O-dots) recently have emerged as a new class of promising contrast reagents for two-photon fluorescence (TPF) imaging. However, most of these developed two-photon absorption (TPA) O-dots have no tumor-targeting group, which hampers their wide application for targeted tumor imaging. Herein, we fabricated Sgc8c aptamer-mediated TPA O-dots as a proof-of-concept of the sensing platform for targeted imaging in live cells or deep tissues. The O-dots composed of trans-4-[p-(N, N-diethylamino)styryl]-4'-(dimethyl amino) stilbene (DEAS) emerged as TPA organic emissive cores and encapsulation by using poly (methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (PMMA-co-MAA) as polymeric encapsulating matrix to form DEAS/PMMA-co-MAA O-dots via a co-precipitation strategy. The obtained O-dots enabled an extremely high TPA absorption cross-section, bright two-photon fluorescence (excitation at 720 nm; emission at 412 nm and 434 nm), excellent cell-permeability and high penetration depth. Sgc8c aptamer, as a protein tyrosine kinase-7 (PTK7) receptor-targetable ligand, was further anchored on the surface of O-dots to obtain DEAS/PMMA-co-MAA@Sgc8c nanoprobes by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)-mediated coupling reaction. Guided by Sgc8c aptamer, DEAS/PMMA-co-MAA@Sgc8c nanoprobes could be rapidly internalized into target acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (CEM) cells with high specificity and great efficiency. It was also performed that two-photon images of TPA nanoprobes exhibited high two-photon brightness not only in target CEM cells, but also in mouse liver tissue slices even a depth of up to 210 μm. In our perception, it is highly promising that this nanoprobe provides a valuable tool for in vivo targeted imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China.
| | - Wu Ren
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Neurosense and Control Engineering Technology Research Center, Xinxiang Key Lab of Biomedical Information Research, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Shuanghui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Neurosense and Control Engineering Technology Research Center, Xinxiang Key Lab of Biomedical Information Research, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
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10
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Enhanced Luminescence Based Response towards pH in Highly Acidic Environments by the Silver Nanoparticles and Ionic Liquids. J Fluoresc 2019; 29:549-567. [PMID: 30919129 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-019-02367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Correct measurement of the pH in highly acidic environments is still a challenge. In such conditions most of the pH indicators suffer from instability in air or leaching from host matrices due to the solubility considerations. In this work, two different fluorescent probes were used along with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and ionic liquid (IL) in the polymeric matrices for sensing of the pH in harsh conditions. The pH sensitivities of the probes were tested after exposure to strong acid vapors by steady-state, lifetime based and kinetic mode measurements. The sensing materials were fabricated in form of thin films and electrospun nanofibers. The ionic liquid; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate was exploited as additive to enhance the stability as well as response towards pH. Spectral changes were tested in a large scale; between pH 3.00-12.00. Utilization of the dyes in ethyl cellulose and polymethyl methacrylate along with AgNPs in form of electrospun fibers resulted in many advantages such as enhanced long term stability, sensitivity and improvement in all sensor dynamics. Sensing characteristics of the offered designs were tested after exposed to vapors of HCl, H2SO4 and HNO3, respectively.
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11
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Lee CH, Folz J, Tan JWY, Jo J, Wang X, Kopelman R. Chemical Imaging in Vivo: Photoacoustic-Based 4-Dimensional Chemical Analysis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2561-2569. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang H. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeff Folz
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joel W. Y. Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Janggun Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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12
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Rampazzo E, Bonacchi S, Juris R, Genovese D, Prodi L, Zaccheroni N, Montalti M. Dual-Mode, Anisotropy-Encoded, Ratiometric Fluorescent Nanosensors: Towards Multiplexed Detection. Chemistry 2018; 24:16743-16746. [PMID: 30256465 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A nanosensor with dual-mode fluorescence response to pH and an encoded identification signal, was developed by exploiting excitation energy transfer and tailored control of molecular organization in core-shell nanoparticles. Multiple signals were acquired in a simple single-excitation dual-emission channels set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Rampazzo
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Bonacchi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Juris
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Damiano Genovese
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Prodi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nelsi Zaccheroni
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Miller MA, Weissleder R. Imaging the pharmacology of nanomaterials by intravital microscopy: Toward understanding their biological behavior. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:61-86. [PMID: 27266447 PMCID: PMC5136524 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs) can deliver cytotoxic chemotherapeutics and other drugs more safely and efficiently to patients; furthermore, selective delivery to target tissues can theoretically be accomplished actively through coating NPs with molecular ligands, and passively through exploiting physiological "enhanced permeability and retention" features. However, clinical trial results have been mixed in showing improved efficacy with drug nanoencapsulation, largely due to heterogeneous NP accumulation at target sites across patients. Thus, a clear need exists to better understand why many NP strategies fail in vivo and not result in significantly improved tumor uptake or therapeutic response. Multicolor in vivo confocal fluorescence imaging (intravital microscopy; IVM) enables integrated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) measurement at the single-cell level, and has helped answer key questions regarding the biological mechanisms of in vivo NP behavior. This review summarizes progress to date and also describes useful technical strategies for successful IVM experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles A Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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14
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Zou X, Pan T, Chen L, Tian Y, Zhang W. Luminescence materials for pH and oxygen sensing in microbial cells - structures, optical properties, and biological applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:723-738. [PMID: 27627832 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1223011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Luminescence including fluorescence and phosphorescence sensors have been demonstrated to be important for studying cell metabolism, and diagnosing diseases and cancer. Various design principles have been employed for the development of sensors in different formats, such as organic molecules, polymers, polymeric hydrogels, and nanoparticles. The integration of the sensing with fluorescence imaging provides valuable tools for biomedical research and applications at not only bulk-cell level but also at single-cell level. In this article, we critically reviewed recent progresses on pH, oxygen, and dual pH and oxygen sensors specifically for their application in microbial cells. In addition, we focused not only on sensor materials with different chemical structures, but also on design and applications of sensors for better understanding cellular metabolism of microbial cells. Finally, we also provided an outlook for future materials design and key challenges in reaching broad applications in microbial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianshao Zou
- a Department of Materials Science and Engineering , South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Tingting Pan
- a Department of Materials Science and Engineering , South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- b Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , P.R. China.,c Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China , Tianjin , P.R. China.,d SynBio Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Tian
- a Department of Materials Science and Engineering , South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- b Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , P.R. China.,c Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China , Tianjin , P.R. China.,d SynBio Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin , P.R. China
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15
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Safavi A, Ahmadi R, Mohammadpour Z, Zhou J. Fluorescent pH nanosensor based on carbon nanodots for monitoring minor intracellular pH changes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21556d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanodots were used as a sensitive, biocompatible intracellular pH sensor that can resolve minor pH differences in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Safavi
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Raheleh Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | | | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- Brandeis University
- Waltham
- USA
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16
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Liu J, Guo X, Hu R, Liu X, Wang S, Li S, Li Y, Yang G. Molecular Engineering of Aqueous Soluble Triarylboron-Compound-Based Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Mitochondria H2S with Analyte-Induced Finite Aggregation and Excellent Membrane Permeability. Anal Chem 2015; 88:1052-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinyang Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shuangqing Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shayu Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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17
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Poehler E, Pfeiffer SA, Herm M, Gaebler M, Busse B, Nagl S. Microchamber arrays with an integrated long luminescence lifetime pH sensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:2927-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Dmitriev RI, Borisov SM, Düssmann H, Sun S, Müller BJ, Prehn J, Baklaushev VP, Klimant I, Papkovsky DB. Versatile Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for High-Resolution O2 Imaging in Cells and 3D Tissue Models. ACS NANO 2015; 9:5275-88. [PMID: 25858428 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
High brightness, chemical and photostability, tunable characteristics, and spectral and surface properties are important attributes for nanoparticle probes designed for live cell imaging. We describe a class of nanoparticles for high-resolution imaging of O2 that consists of a substituted conjugated polymer (polyfluorene or poly(fluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole)) acting as a FRET antenna and a fluorescent reference with covalently bound phosphorescent metalloporphyrin (PtTFPP, PtTPTBPF). The nanoparticles prepared from such copolymers by precipitation method display stability, enhanced (>5-10 times) brightness under one- and two-photon excitation, compatibility with ratiometric and lifetime-based imaging modes, and low toxicity for cells. Their cell-staining properties can be modulated with positively and negatively charged groups grafted to the backbone. The "zwitter-ionic" nanoparticles show high cell-staining efficiency, while their cell entry mechanisms differ for the different 3D models. When injected in the bloodstream, the cationic and anionic nanoparticles show similar distribution in vivo. These features and tunable properties make the conjugated polymer based phosphorescent nanoparticles a versatile tool for quantitative O2 imaging with a broad range of cell and 3D tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan I Dmitriev
- †School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sergey M Borisov
- ‡Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Heiko Düssmann
- §Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shiwen Sun
- ‡Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Bernhard J Müller
- ‡Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Jochen Prehn
- §Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Vladimir P Baklaushev
- ∥Department of Medicinal Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian State Medical University, Moscow 115682, Russia
- ⊥Federal Research Clinical Centre of Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ingo Klimant
- ‡Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Dmitri B Papkovsky
- †School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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19
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Abstract
The measurement of intracellular analytes has been key in understanding cellular processes and function, and the use of biological nanosensors has revealed the spatial and temporal variation in their concentrations. In particular, ratiometric nanosensors allow quantitative measurements of analyte concentrations. The present review focuses on the recent advances in ratiometric intracellular biological nanosensors, with an emphasis on their utility in measuring analytes that are important in cell function.
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20
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Wang C, Ohodnicki PR, Su X, Keller M, Brown TD, Baltrus JP. Novel silica surface charge density mediated control of the optical properties of embedded optically active materials and its application for fiber optic pH sensing at elevated temperatures. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:2527-2535. [PMID: 25572664 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silica and silica incorporated nanocomposite materials have been extensively studied for a wide range of applications. Here we demonstrate an intriguing optical effect of silica that, depending on the solution pH, amplifies or attenuates the optical absorption of a variety of embedded optically active materials with very distinct properties, such as plasmonic Au nanoparticles, non-plasmonic Pt nanoparticles, and the organic dye rhodamine B (not a pH indicator), coated on an optical fiber. Interestingly, the observed optical response to varying pH appears to follow the surface charge density of the silica matrix for all the three different optically active materials. To the best of our knowledge, this optical effect has not been previously reported and it appears universal in that it is likely that any optically active material can be incorporated into the silica matrix to respond to solution pH or surface charge density variations. A direct application of this effect is for optical pH sensing which has very attractive features that can enable minimally invasive, remote, real time and continuous distributed pH monitoring. Particularly, as demonstrated here, using highly stable metal nanoparticles embedded in an inorganic silica matrix can significantly improve the capability of pH sensing in extremely harsh environments which is of increasing importance for applications in unconventional oil and gas resource recovery, carbon sequestration, water quality monitoring, etc. Our approach opens a pathway towards possible future development of robust optical pH sensors for the most demanding environmental conditions. The newly discovered optical effect of silica also offers the potential for control of the optical properties of optically active materials for a range of other potential applications such as electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjun Wang
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA.
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21
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Zhang M, Søndergaard RV, Kumar EKP, Henriksen JR, Cui D, Hammershøj P, Clausen MH, Andresen TL. A hydrogel based nanosensor with an unprecedented broad sensitivity range for pH measurements in cellular compartments. Analyst 2015; 140:7246-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This quadruple-labelled nanosensor has a broad sensitivity range from pH 1.4 to 7.0. It covers the full physiologically relevant range where especially the low pH range of some specialized cells can now be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
| | - R. V. Søndergaard
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- Technical University of Denmark
- Lyngby
- Denmark
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics
| | - E. K. P. Kumar
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- Technical University of Denmark
- Lyngby
- Denmark
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics
| | - J. R. Henriksen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics
- Technical University of Denmark
- Lyngby
- Denmark
- Department of Chemistry
| | - D. Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
| | - P. Hammershøj
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics
- Technical University of Denmark
- Lyngby
- Denmark
- Department of Chemistry
| | - M. H. Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics
- Technical University of Denmark
- Lyngby
- Denmark
- Department of Chemistry
| | - T. L. Andresen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- Technical University of Denmark
- Lyngby
- Denmark
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics
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22
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Ray A, Mukundan A, Xie Z, Karamchand L, Wang X, Kopelman R. Highly stable polymer coated nano-clustered silver plates: a multimodal optical contrast agent for biomedical imaging. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:445104. [PMID: 25325364 PMCID: PMC4244271 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/44/445104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a new optical contrast agent based on silver nanoplate clusters embedded inside of a polymer nano matrix. Unlike nanosphere clusters, which have been well studied, nanoplate clusters have unique properties due to the different possible orientations of interaction between the individual plates, resulting in a significant broadening of the absorption spectra. These nanoclusters were immobilized inside of a polymer cladding so as to maintain their stability and optical properties under in vivo conditions. The polymer-coated silver nanoplate clusters show a lower toxicity compared to the uncoated nanoparticles. At high nanoparticle concentrations, cell death occurs mostly due to apoptosis. These nanoparticles were used for targeted fluorescence imaging in a rat glioma cell line by incorporating a fluorescent dye into the matrix, followed by conjugation of a tumor targeting an F3 peptide. We further used these nanoparticles as photoacoustic contrast agents in vivo to enhance the contrast of the vasculature structures in a rat ear model. We observed a contrast enhancement of over 90% following the nanoparticle injection. It is also shown that these NPs can serve as efficient contrast agents, with specific targeting abilities for broadband multimodal imaging that are usable for diagnostic applications and that extend into use as therapeutic agents as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Ray
- Department of Chemistry and BioPhysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Ananya Mukundan
- Department of Chemistry and BioPhysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Zhixing Xie
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Leshern Karamchand
- Department of Chemistry and BioPhysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- Department of Chemistry and BioPhysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Corresponding author,
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23
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Dowd A, Pissuwan D, Cortie MB. Optical readout of the intracellular environment using nanoparticle transducers. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 32:571-577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Herzog C, Beckert E, Nagl S. Rapid Isoelectric Point Determination in a Miniaturized Preparative Separation Using Jet-Dispensed Optical pH Sensors and Micro Free-Flow Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9533-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501783r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christin Herzog
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse
3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erik Beckert
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik (IOF), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Nagl
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse
3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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25
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Li X, Guo X, Cao L, Xun Z, Wang S, Li S, Li Y, Yang G. Water-soluble triarylboron compound for ATP imaging in vivo using analyte-induced finite aggregation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7809-13. [PMID: 24909142 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a multifunctional molecule that participates in many important biological processes. Currently, fluorescence indicators for ATP with high performance are in demand. Reported herein is a novel water-soluble triarylboron compound which displays an apparent ATP-dependent fluorescence enhancement when dispersed in water. It can selectively recognize ATP from other bioactive substances in vitro and in vivo. The ATP-induced finite aggregation endows the indicator with appreciable photostability and superior tolerance to environmental electrolytes. This indicator has been successfully applied to the ATP imaging in NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells. The difference in the ATP levels within the membrane and cytosol is clearly visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)
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26
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Li X, Guo X, Cao L, Xun Z, Wang S, Li S, Li Y, Yang G. Water-Soluble Triarylboron Compound for ATP Imaging In Vivo Using Analyte-Induced Finite Aggregation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Ray A, Kopelman R. Hydrogel nanosensors for biophotonic imaging of chemical analytes. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 8:1829-38. [PMID: 24156487 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based hydrogel nanosensors have been developed and extensively utilized for the imaging and dynamic monitoring of chemical properties, response to external stimulants, and metabolism of cells and tissues, in real time, using optical imaging techniques. A large fraction of these polymeric nanoparticles are based on polyacrylamide (PAA) owing to its excellent properties such as nontoxicity, biocompatibility and flexibility of engineering. The properties of the PAA matrix can be specifically tailored, depending on the application, and the molecules can be loaded into the matrix. Various surface modifications enable one to control its behavior in cells and in vivo, and can be utilized for specific targeting to cells and subcellular organelles. This special report describes the recent advances in the design and application of the latest generation of PAA nanosensors for some physiologically important ions and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Ray
- Department of Chemistry & Biophysics, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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28
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Desai AS, Chauhan VM, Johnston APR, Esler T, Aylott JW. Fluorescent nanosensors for intracellular measurements: synthesis, characterization, calibration, and measurement. Front Physiol 2014; 4:401. [PMID: 24474936 PMCID: PMC3893563 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of intracellular acidification is important for understanding fundamental biological pathways as well as developing effective therapeutic strategies. Fluorescent pH nanosensors are an enabling technology for real-time monitoring of intracellular acidification. The physicochemical characteristics of nanosensors can be engineered to target specific cellular compartments and respond to external stimuli. Therefore, nanosensors represent a versatile approach for probing biological pathways inside cells. The fundamental components of nanosensors comprise a pH-sensitive fluorophore (signal transducer) and a pH-insensitive reference fluorophore (internal standard) immobilized in an inert non-toxic matrix. The inert matrix prevents interference of cellular components with the sensing elements as well as minimizing potentially harmful effects of some fluorophores on cell function. Fluorescent nanosensors are synthesized using standard laboratory equipment and are detectable by non-invasive widely accessible imaging techniques. The outcomes of studies employing this technology are dependent on reliable methodology for performing measurements. In particular, special consideration must be given to conditions for sensor calibration, uptake conditions and parameters for image analysis. We describe procedures for: (1) synthesis and characterization of polyacrylamide and silica based nanosensors, (2) nanosensor calibration and (3) performing measurements using fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan S Desai
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK
| | - Veeren M Chauhan
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Esler
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan W Aylott
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK
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29
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Ray A, Yoon HK, Koo Lee YE, Kopelman R, Wang X. Sonophoric nanoprobe aided pH measurement in vivo using photoacoustic spectroscopy. Analyst 2013; 138:3126-30. [PMID: 23598348 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Presented here is a novel method of in vivo pH sensing utilizing a hybrid optical imaging technique, photoacoustic imaging (PAI), and pH sensitive polymeric nanoprobes. Nanoprobes with hydrophobic core containing a pH sensitive dye were synthesized and used to measure the pH level ex vivo first and then in vivo by performing experiments on a rat joint model, with an achieved precision of less than 0.1 pH units. The ability of the hydrophobic functional groups in the polyacrylamide matrix to shield the molecular dye from being affected by the proteins in the plasma, and prevent the dye from leaching out, is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Ray
- Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wencel
- Optical Sensors Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University , Dublin, 9 Ireland
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31
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Jiang C, Zhao T, Li S, Gao N, Xu QH. Highly sensitive two-photon sensing of thrombin in serum using aptamers and silver nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:10853-10857. [PMID: 24074045 DOI: 10.1021/am403046p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin plays an important role in pathological conditions. It is important, however challenging, to detect thrombin in complex biological media for clinical practice and diagnostic applications. Here we demonstrate a label-free, fast, highly sensitive and selective two-photon sensing scheme for detection of thrombin on the picomolar level. The assay is based on interactions between thrombin and a DNA aptamer, which induce aggregation of silver nanoparticles to display significantly enhanced two-photon photoluminescence. The limit of detection (LOD) of this two-photon sensing assay is as low as 3.1 pM in the buffer solution, more than 400 times lower than that of the extinction method (1.3 nM). The dynamic range of this method covers more than 4 orders of magnitude. Furthermore, this two-photon sensing assay can be applied to detection of thrombin in 100% fetal bovine serum with LOD of 1.8 nM. In addition to the unique advantages of two-photon sensing such as deep penetration and localized detection, this method could be potentially integrated with two-photon microscopy to offer additional advantages of 3D detection and mapping for potential in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifeng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Republic of Singapore 117543
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32
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Karamchand L, Kim G, Wang S, Hah HJ, Ray A, Jiddou R, Koo Lee YE, Philbert MA, Kopelman R. Modulation of hydrogel nanoparticle intracellular trafficking by multivalent surface engineering with tumor targeting peptide. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:10327-44. [PMID: 24056573 PMCID: PMC3823366 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00908d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface engineering of a hydrogel nanoparticle (NP) with the tumor-targeting ligand, F3 peptide, enhances both the NP's binding affinity for, and internalization by, nucleolin overexpressing tumor cells. Remarkably, the F3-functionalized NPs consistently exhibited significantly lower trafficking to the degradative lysosomes than the non-functionalized NPs, in the tumor cells, after internalization. This is attributed to the non-functionalized NPs, but not the F3-functionalized NPs, being co-internalized with Lysosome-associated Membrane Protein-1 (LAMP1) from the surface of the tumor cells. Furthermore, it is shown that the intracellular trafficking of the F3-functionalized NPs differs significantly from that of the molecular F3 peptides (untethered to NPs). This has important implications for designing effective, chemically-responsive, controlled-release and multifunctional nanodrugs for multi-drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leshern Karamchand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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33
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Liu H, Yang H, Hao X, Xu H, Lv Y, Xiao D, Wang H, Tian Z. Development of polymeric nanoprobes with improved lifetime dynamic range and stability for intracellular oxygen sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:2639-48. [PMID: 23519925 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201203127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A class of core-shell nanoparticles possessing a layer of biocompatible shell and hydrophobic core with embedded oxygen-sensitive platinum-porphyrin (PtTFPP) dyes is developed via a radical-initiated microemulsion co-polymerization strategy. The influences of host matrices and the PtTFPP incorporation manner on the photophysical properties and the oxygen-sensing performance of the nanoparticles are investigated. Self-loading capability with cells and intracellular-oxygen-sensing ability of the as-prepared nanoparticle probes in the range 0%-20% oxygen concentration are confirmed. Polymeric nanoparticles with optimized formats are characterized by their relatively small diameter (<50 nm), core-shell structures with biocompatible shells, covalent-attachment-imparted leak-free construction, improved lifetime dynamic range (up to 44 μs), excellent storage stability and photostability, and facile cell uptake. The nanoparticles' small sensor diameter and core-shell structure with biocompatible shell make them suitable for intracellular detection applications. For intracellular detection applications, the leak-free feature of the as-prepared nanoparticle sensor effectively minimizes potential chemical interferences and cytotoxicity. As a salient feature, improved lifetime dynamic range of the sensor is expected to enable precise oxygen detection and control in specific practical applications in stem-cell biology and medical research. Such a feature-packed nanoparticle oxygen sensor may find applications in precise oxygen-level mapping of living cells and tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences-UCAS, Beijing 100049, PR China
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34
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Kašík I, Podrazký O, Mrázek J, Martan T, Matějec V, Hoyerová K, Kamínek M. In vivo optical detection of pH in microscopic tissue samples of Arabidopsis thaliana. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:4809-15. [PMID: 24094191 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Minimally invasive in vivo measurement of pH in microscopic biological samples of μm or μl size, e.g. plant cells, tissues and saps, may help to explain complex biological processes. Consequently, techniques to achieve such measurements are a focus of interest for botanists. This paper describes a technique for the in vivo measurement of pH in the range pH5.0 to pH7.8 in microscopic plant tissue samples of Arabidopsis thaliana based on a ratiometric fluorescence method using low-loss robust tapered fiber probes. For this purpose tapered fiber probes were prepared and coated with a detection layer containing ion-paired fluorescent pH-transducer 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (c-HPTS). A fluorescence ratiometric approach was employed based on excitation at 415 nm and 450 nm and on the comparison of the fluorescence response at 515 nm. The suitability of tapered fiber probes for local detection of pH between 5.0 and 7.8 was demonstrated. A pH sensitivity of 0.15 pH units was achieved within the pH ranges 5.0-5.9 and 7.1-7.8, and this was improved to 0.04 pH units within the pH range 5.9-7.1. Spatial resolution of the probes was better than 20 μm and a time response within 15-20s was achieved. Despite the minute dimensions of the tapered fiber probes the setup developed was relatively robust and compact in construction and performed reliably. It has been successfully employed for the in vivo local determination of pH of mechanically resistant plant tissues of A. thaliana of microscopic scale. The detection of momentary pH gradients across the intact plant seems to be a good tool for the determination of changes in pH in response to experimental treatments affecting for example enzyme activities, availability of mineral nutrients, hormonal control of plant development and plant responses to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kašík
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, AS CR, v.v.i., Chaberska 57, Prague 8 182 51, Czech Republic.
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Damalakiene L, Karabanovas V, Bagdonas S, Valius M, Rotomskis R. Intracellular distribution of nontargeted quantum dots after natural uptake and microinjection. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:555-68. [PMID: 23429995 PMCID: PMC3575178 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s39658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of natural uptake of nonfunctionalized quantum dots in comparison with microinjected quantum dots by focusing on their time-dependent accumulation and intracellular localization in different cell lines. Methods: The accumulation dynamics of nontargeted CdSe/ZnS carboxyl-coated quantum dots (emission peak 625 nm) was analyzed in NIH3T3, MCF-7, and HepG2 cells by applying the methods of confocal and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. Intracellular colocalization of the quantum dots was investigated by staining with Lysotracker®. Results: The uptake of quantum dots into cells was dramatically reduced at a low temperature (4°C), indicating that the process is energy-dependent. The uptake kinetics and imaging of intracellular localization of quantum dots revealed three accumulation stages of carboxyl-coated quantum dots at 37°C, ie, a plateau stage, growth stage, and a saturation stage, which comprised four morphological phases: adherence to the cell membrane; formation of granulated clusters spread throughout the cytoplasm; localization of granulated clusters in the perinuclear region; and formation of multivesicular body-like structures and their redistribution in the cytoplasm. Diverse quantum dots containing intracellular vesicles in the range of approximately 0.5–8 μm in diameter were observed in the cytoplasm, but none were found in the nucleus. Vesicles containing quantum dots formed multivesicular body-like structures in NIH3T3 cells after 24 hours of incubation, which were Lysotracker-negative in serum-free medium and Lysotracker-positive in complete medium. The microinjected quantum dots remained uniformly distributed in the cytosol for at least 24 hours. Conclusion: Natural uptake of quantum dots in cells occurs through three accumulation stages via a mechanism requiring energy. The sharp contrast of the intracellular distribution after microinjection of quantum dots in comparison with incubation as well as the limited transfer of quantum dots from vesicles into the cytosol and vice versa support the endocytotic origin of the natural uptake of quantum dots. Quantum dots with proteins adsorbed from the culture medium had a different fate in the final stage of accumulation from that of the protein-free quantum dots, implying different internalization pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Damalakiene
- Biophotonics Group, Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Jezierski S, Belder D, Nagl S. Microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis chips with an integrated fluorescent sensor layer for real time pH imaging in isoelectric focusing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:904-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc38093e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu W, Ming Y, Huang Z, Li P. Impacts of florfenicol on marine diatom Skeletonema costatum through photosynthesis inhibition and oxidative damages. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 60:165-170. [PMID: 22960224 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Effects of the phenicol antibiotic, florfenicol (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 16.0 mg/L), on marine diatom Skeletonema costatum were investigated in this study. Florfenicol was found to stimulate algal growth at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L, and significantly inhibit algal growth at >2.0 mg/L. The highest inhibition rate was up to 86% at 16.0 mg/L and the IC(50) for 96 h growth was 5.043 mg/L. The chlorophyll a and effective quantum yield (ΔF/F(m)(')) were significantly inhibited at 6, 24 and 96 h when florfenicol concentrations were ≥4.0 mg/L. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was enhanced significantly over the control when florfenicol concentrations were ≥1.0 mg/L at 6 h with the dose-dependent trends possibly due to the inhibition of photosynthesis. Since the membrane is highly prone to ROS attack, overproduction of ROS may cause deteriorated integrity and permeability of the cell membrane. Consequently, intracellular pH was found to increase with the increases in dosage; cell size swelled significantly when alga was exposed to florfenicol concentrations up to 8.0 mg/L. These deteriorations finally led to the decrease of cell viability as indicated by both fluorescein diacetate (FDA) assay and propidium iodide (PI) staining, in which viability was shown to decrease significantly at higher doses (4.0, 8.0, 16.0 mg/L). It can be concluded that S. costatum was vulnerable to florfenicol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Liu
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China.
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Ray A, Lee YEK, Kim G, Kopelman R. Two-photon fluorescence imaging super-enhanced by multishell nanophotonic particles, with application to subcellular pH. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2213-2221. [PMID: 22517569 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel nanophotonic method for enhancing the two-photon fluorescence signal of a fluorophore is presented. It utilizes the second harmonic (SH) of the exciting light generated by noble metal nanospheres in whose near-field the dye molecules are placed, to further enhance the dye's fluorescence signal in addition to the usual metal-enhanced fluorescence phenomenon. This method enables demonstration, for the first time, of two-photon fluorescence enhancement inside a biological system, namely live cells. A multishell hydrogel nanoparticle containing a silver core, a protective citrate capping, which serves also as an excitation quenching inhibitor spacer, a pH indicator dye shell, and a polyacrylamide cladding are employed. Utilizing this technique, an enhancement of up to 20 times in the two-photon fluorescence of the indicator dye is observed. Although a significant portion of the enhanced fluorescence signal is due to one-photon processes accompanying the SH generation of the exciting light, this method preserves all the advantages of infrared-excited, two-photon microscopy: enhanced penetration depth, localized excitation, low photobleaching, low autofluorescence, and low cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Ray
- BioPhysics, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Mazloum-Ardakani M, Sheikh-Mohseni MA, Abdollahi-Alibeik M, Benvidi A. Application of nanosized MCM-41 to fabrication of a nanostructured electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of levodopa and carbidopa. Analyst 2012; 137:1950-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an15795k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu B, Zeng F, Liu Y, Wu S. A FRET system built on quartz plate as a ratiometric fluorescence sensor for mercury ions in water. Analyst 2012; 137:1698-705. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an16231h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis P. Zamborini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292,
United States
| | - Lanlan Bao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292,
United States
| | - Radhika Dasari
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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