1
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Sharma P, Venugopal A, Verdi CM, Roger MS, Calò A, Kumar M. Heparin binding induced supramolecular chirality into the self-assembly of perylenediimide bolaamphiphile. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39016812 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00862f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Chirality is one of the hallmarks of biomolecules. Herein, we utilize heparin, a chiral biomolecule and potent drug, to induce chiral organization into the assembly of an achiral molecule. Polyanionic heparin binds with a dicationic perylenediimide derivative to induce supramolecular helical organization in aqueous medium as well as in a highly competitive cell culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Calle Marti i Fraquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Akhil Venugopal
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Calle Marti i Fraquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Calle Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Martínez Verdi
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Calle Marti i Fraquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mauri Serra Roger
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Calle Marti i Fraquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Annalisa Calò
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Calle Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Calle Marti i Fraquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Calle Marti i Fraquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Calle Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Penty S, Orton GRF, Black DJ, Pal R, Zwijnenburg MA, Barendt TA. A Chirally Locked Bis-perylene Diimide Macrocycle: Consequences for Chiral Self-Assembly and Circularly Polarized Luminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5470-5479. [PMID: 38355475 PMCID: PMC10910538 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Macrocycles containing chiral organic dyes are highly valuable for the development of supramolecular circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials, where a preorganized chiral framework is conducive to directing π-π self-assembly and delivering a strong and persistent CPL signal. Here, perylene diimides (PDIs) are an excellent choice for the organic dye component because, alongside their tunable photophysical and self-assembly properties, functionalization of the PDI's core yields a twisted, chiral π-system, capable of CPL. However, configurationally stable PDI-based macrocycles are rare, and those that are also capable of π-π self-assembly beyond dimers are unprecedented, both of which are advantageous for robust self-assembled chiroptical materials. In this work, we report the first bay-connected bis-PDI macrocycle that is configurationally stable (ΔG⧧ > 155 kJ mol-1). We use this chirally locked macrocycle to uncover new knowledge of chiral PDI self-assembly and to perform new quantitative CPL imaging of the resulting single-crystal materials. As such, we discover that the chirality of a 1,7-disubstituted PDI provides a rational route to designing H-, J- and concomitant H- and J-type self-assembled materials, important arrangements for optimizing (chir)optical and charge/energy transport properties. Indeed, we reveal that CPL is amplified in the single crystals of our chiral macrocycle by quantifying the degree of emitted light circular polarization from such materials for the first time using CPL-Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel
E. Penty
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Georgia R. F. Orton
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Dominic J. Black
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Robert Pal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Martijn A. Zwijnenburg
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Timothy A. Barendt
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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3
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Hua C, Liu K, Wu Y, Xu W, Zhang J, Wang Z, Liu K, Fang Y. An O-Carborane Derivative of Perylene Bisimide-Based Thin Film Displaying both Electrochromic and Electrofluorochromic Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49500-49508. [PMID: 34612639 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application in displays, information encryption, and sensors has boosted studies of electrochromic (EC) systems combining large contrast, fast response, high robustness, and low-cost properties. Herein, we report a film-type new EC system with a non-planar perylene bisimide-carborane derivative (PBI-CB) as the electroactive materials. It was revealed that the film demonstrated outstanding EC properties with response times of 1.18 and 0.94 s for the coloration and bleaching processes, respectively, large transmittance variation around 630 nm (45.7%), and superior stability for more than 200 coloration-bleaching cycles. Moreover, the film also showed precious electrofluorochromic (EFC) properties. The emission around 650 nm at the "on" state could be more than 24.5 times than that at the "off" state, and the response times of the off and on processes could reach 2.2 s and 4.3 s, respectively. Considering the facts that the film was fabricated via simple drop-coating, the EC/EFC operation was performed via a routine three-electrode system and the voltage applied is only -1.3 V, we believe that the EC/EFC system as developed would find applications in smart windows, information encryption, optoelectrical sensing, etc. In addition, the work could also pave the way for developing combined EC/EFC systems via employing known organic fluorophores as the electrochemical active materials, which are not only abundant in numbers but also solution-processable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Hua
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
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4
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Lehmann M, Hecht M, Herbst S, Cui K, Würthner F. Unfolding multi-stranded perylene bisimide LC columns - a mesogen design for efficient nanoscale multilayer self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14015-14018. [PMID: 33095218 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06458k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mesogen tethered, twofold bay-substituted perylene bisimide (PBI) is found to generate a columnar phase, which unfolds and gradually transforms to a completely nanosegregated multilayer columnar-lamellar liquid crystal. The structure is based on the formation of bundles of H-bonded PBI strands in the central layer. This design opens the way to new complex multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lehmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Herbst
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kang Cui
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Hecht M, Leowanawat P, Gerlach T, Stepanenko V, Stolte M, Lehmann M, Würthner F. Self-Sorting Supramolecular Polymerization: Helical and Lamellar Aggregates of Tetra-Bay-Acyloxy Perylene Bisimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17084-17090. [PMID: 32520408 PMCID: PMC7540443 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A new perylene bisimide (PBI), with a fluorescence quantum yield up to unity, self‐assembles into two polymorphic supramolecular polymers. This PBI bears four solubilizing acyloxy substituents at the bay positions and is unsubstituted at the imide position, thereby allowing hydrogen‐bond‐directed self‐assembly in nonpolar solvents. The formation of the polymorphs is controlled by the cooling rate of hot monomer solutions. They show distinctive absorption profiles and morphologies and can be isolated in different polymorphic liquid‐crystalline states. The interchromophoric arrangement causing the spectral features was elucidated, revealing the formation of columnar and lamellar phases, which are formed by either homo‐ or heterochiral self‐assembly, respectively, of the atropoenantiomeric PBIs. Kinetic studies reveal a narcissistic self‐sorting process upon fast cooling, and that the transformation into the heterochiral (racemic) sheetlike self‐assemblies proceeds by dissociation via the monomeric state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Tabea Gerlach
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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6
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Hecht M, Leowanawat P, Gerlach T, Stepanenko V, Stolte M, Lehmann M, Würthner F. Self‐Sorting Supramolecular Polymerization: Helical and Lamellar Aggregates of Tetra‐Bay‐Acyloxy Perylene Bisimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Tabea Gerlach
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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7
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Mohan A, Sasikumar D, Bhat V, Hariharan M. Metastable Chiral Azobenzenes Stabilized in a Double Racemate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3201-3208. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amalu Mohan
- School of chemistryIndian institute of science education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Devika Sasikumar
- School of chemistryIndian institute of science education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Vinayak Bhat
- School of chemistryIndian institute of science education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of chemistryIndian institute of science education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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8
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9
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Günther BAR, Höfener S, Zschieschang U, Wadepohl H, Klauk H, Gade LH. Twisting the TAPPs: Bay-Substituted Non-planar Tetraazapero-pyrenes and their Reduced Anions. Chemistry 2019; 25:14669-14678. [PMID: 31529719 PMCID: PMC7687186 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new synthesis of tetraazaperopyrenes (TAPPs) starting from a halogenated perylene derivative 3,4,9,10- tetrabromo-1,6,7,12-tetrachloroperylene (1) gave access to bay-substituted TAPPs for the first time. Selective lithiation of the bromine-positions and subsequent addition of tosyl azide led to the formation of the tetraazidotetrachloroperylene (2), which was subsequently reduced by addition of sodium borohydride to the corresponding tetraaminotetrachloroperylene (3). Oxidation to its semiquinoidal form 4 and subsequent cyclization with acid chlorides gave rise to a series of bay-chlorinated TAPPs. Whereas the aromatic core of the previously studied ortho-substituted TAPPs was found to be planar, the steric pressure of the two chlorine substituents on each side leads to the twist of the peropyrene core of approximately 30 degrees, a structural feature also observed in other bay-substituted perylene derivatives. An experimental and computational analysis reveals that introducing chloride substituents at these positions leads to slightly increased electron affinities (EA) enabling the selective generation and characterization of the reduced mono-anionic radicals and closed shell di-anionic species. These anions were isolated and characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy and EPR or NMR, respectively. Processing of the bay-chlorinated TAPPs in n-channel organic TFTs revealed electron mobilities of 0.001 to 0.003 cm2 V-1 s-1 . These reduced electron mobilities compared to the ortho-halogenated TAPPs are thought to be rooted in the less densely packed solid-state structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. R. Günther
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sebastian Höfener
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 698076049KarlsruheGermany
| | - Ute Zschieschang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State ResearchHeisenbergstr. 170569StuttgartGermany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hagen Klauk
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State ResearchHeisenbergstr. 170569StuttgartGermany
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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10
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Gupta RK, Sudhakar AA. Perylene-Based Liquid Crystals as Materials for Organic Electronics Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2455-2479. [PMID: 29929366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Columnar phases formed by the stacking of disclike molecules with an intimate π-π overlap forms a 1D pathway for the anisotropic charge migration along the columns. Columnar phases have great potential in organic electronic devices to be utilized as active semiconducting layers in comparison to organic single crystals or amorphous polymers in terms of processability, ease of handling, and high charge carrier mobility. Intelligent molecular engineering of perylene and its derivatives provided access to tune the physical properties and self-assembly behavior. The columnar phase formed by perylene derivatives has great potential in the fabrication of organic electronic devices. There are several positions on the perylene molecule, which can be functionalized to tune its self-assembly, as well as optoelectronic properties. Thus, many liquid-crystalline molecules stabilizing the columnar phase, which are based on perylene tetraesters, perylene diester imides, and perylene bisimides, have been synthesized over the years. Their longitudinal and laterally extended derivatives, bay-substituted derivatives exhibiting a columnar phase, are reported. In addition, several liquid-crystalline oligomers and polymers based on perylene derivatives were also reported. All such modifications provide an option to tune the energy levels of frontier molecular orbitals with respect to the work function of the electrodes in devices and also the processability of such materials. In this feature article, we attempt to provide an overview of the molecular design developed to tune the applicable properties and self-assembly of perylene derivatives as well as recent developments related to their application in the fabrication of organic solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, and organic field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , Assam , India
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11
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Chen MT, Zhang Y, Vysotsky MO, Lindner JO, Li MH, Lin MJ, Würthner F. 1,1′-Bi(2-naphthol-4,5-dicarboximide)s: blue emissive axially chiral scaffolds with aggregation-enhanced emission properties. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01090d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel electron-deficient 1,1′-binaphthol derivatives bearing two dicarboximide groups at the peri-positions show intense blue luminescence and aggregation-enhanced emission characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- 350116 Fuzhou
- China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- 350116 Fuzhou
- China
| | - Myroslav O. Vysotsky
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Joachim O. Lindner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Meng-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- 350116 Fuzhou
- China
| | - Mei-Jin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- 350116 Fuzhou
- China
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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12
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Thomas B, Dubey RK, Clabbers MTB, Gupta KBSS, van Genderen E, Jager WF, Abrahams JP, Sudholter EJR, de Groot HJM. A Molecular Level Approach To Elucidate the Supramolecular Packing of Light-Harvesting Antenna Systems. Chemistry 2018; 24:14989-14993. [PMID: 30088299 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The molecular geometry and supramolecular packing of two bichromophoric prototypic light harvesting compounds D1A2 and D2A2, consisting of two naphthylimide energy donors that were attached to the 1,7 bay positions of a perylene monoimide diester energy acceptor, have been determined by a hybrid approach using magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy and electron nano-crystallography (ENC), followed by modelling. NMR shift constraints, combined with the P 1 ‾ space group obtained from ENC, were used to generate a centrosymmetric dimer of truncated perylene fragments. This racemic packing motif is used in a biased molecular replacement approach to generate a partial 3D electrostatic scattering potential map. Resolving the structure of the bay substituents is guided by the inversion symmetry, and the distance constraints obtained from heteronuclear correlation spectra. The antenna molecules form a pseudocrystalline lattice of antiparallel centrosymmetric dimers with pockets of partially disordered bay substituents. The two molecules in a unit cell form a butterfly-type arrangement. The hybrid methodology that has been developed is robust and widely applicable for critical structural underpinning of self-assembling structures of large organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijith Thomas
- Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rajeev K Dubey
- Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Max T B Clabbers
- Center for Cellular Imaging and Nano Analytics (C-CINA), Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Eric van Genderen
- Center for Cellular Imaging and Nano Analytics (C-CINA), Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolter F Jager
- Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Pieter Abrahams
- Center for Cellular Imaging and Nano Analytics (C-CINA), Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ernst J R Sudholter
- Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Huub J M de Groot
- Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
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13
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Zhu M, Chen Y, Guo H, Yang F, Song X. Perylene liquid crystals with multiple alkyl chains: investigation of the influence of peripheral alkyl chain number on mesomorphic and photophysical properties. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00480c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Novel perylene liquid crystals with 2, 4 and 6 peripheral alkyl chains or 6, 8 and 10 peripheral alkyl chains at both the imide and bay-positions were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingguang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Yongzhu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Fafu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Xuchun Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
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14
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New coumarin carboxylates having trifluoromethyl, diethylamino and morpholino terminal groups: Synthesis and mesomorphic characterisations. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Wöhrle T, Wurzbach I, Kirres J, Kostidou A, Kapernaum N, Litterscheidt J, Haenle JC, Staffeld P, Baro A, Giesselmann F, Laschat S. Discotic Liquid Crystals. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1139-241. [PMID: 26483267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wöhrle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Iris Wurzbach
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Kirres
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Antonia Kostidou
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nadia Kapernaum
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Juri Litterscheidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Christian Haenle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Staffeld
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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Würthner F, Saha-Möller CR, Fimmel B, Ogi S, Leowanawat P, Schmidt D. Perylene Bisimide Dye Assemblies as Archetype Functional Supramolecular Materials. Chem Rev 2015; 116:962-1052. [PMID: 26270260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 960] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chantu R Saha-Möller
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Fimmel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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17
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Meng L, Wu Q, Yang F, Guo H. Novel room-temperature thermotropic liquid crystals: synthesis and mesomorphism of gallic–perylene–gallic trimers. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00993b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compounds 7 and 8 with soft bridging chains exhibit columnar mesophase, but compound 9 with a rigid chain exhibits no mesophase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Meng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Qiumei Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Fafu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Hongyu Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
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18
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Weißenstein A, Würthner F. Metal ion templated self-assembly of crown ether functionalized perylene bisimide dyes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3415-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09443c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Barium ion (Ba2+) templated self-assembly of perylene bisimide (PBI) functionalized with 15-crown-5 receptors leads selectively to dimer species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annike Weißenstein
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Am Hubland
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Am Hubland
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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19
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Liu P, Chen H, Daniel S, Hang D, Zhao L, Wang H, Zeng Z. 3,4-Difluoropyrrole-, 3,3,4,4-tetrafluoropyrrolidine- and pyrrolidine-based liquid crystals. J Fluor Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Lin NT, Vargas Jentzsch A, Guénée L, Neudörfl JM, Aziz S, Berkessel A, Orentas E, Sakai N, Matile S. Enantioselective self-sorting on planar, π-acidic surfaces of chiral anion-π transporters. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc01013e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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21
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22
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Percec V, Hudson SD, Peterca M, Leowanawat P, Aqad E, Graf R, Spiess HW, Zeng X, Ungar G, Heiney PA. Self-Repairing Complex Helical Columns Generated via Kinetically Controlled Self-Assembly of Dendronized Perylene Bisimides. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:18479-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ja208501d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Steven D. Hudson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8544, United States
| | - Mihai Peterca
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, United States
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Emad Aqad
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Robert Graf
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans W. Spiess
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department of Materials Engineering and Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department of Materials Engineering and Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- WCU C2E2, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Paul A. Heiney
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, United States
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