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Baranov M, Duan Y, Leffler N, Avineri S, Ezersky V, Weinstock IA. Entrapment of metastable nanocrystals by polyoxometalates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4364-4367. [PMID: 36946248 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00821e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Entirely inorganic polyoxometalate cluster-anion ligands are herein used to entrap and impart heat resistance to metastable metal-oxide based NCs. This is demonstrated by trapping 6-line ferrihydrite NCs that form as intermediates in the spontaneous conversion of β-FeOOH to hematite (α-Fe2O3). The results suggest that polyoxometalate ligation may prove to be a general method for stabilizing metastable phases as the cores of entirely inorganic macro-anion like complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Baranov
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel.
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Yan Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel.
| | - Nitai Leffler
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel.
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Shani Avineri
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel.
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Vladimir Ezersky
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ira A Weinstock
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel.
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
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2
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Kumar Tiwari C, Roy S, Tubul-Sterin T, Baranov M, Leffler N, Li M, Yin P, Neyman A, Weinstock IA. Emergence of Visible-Light Water Oxidation Upon Hexaniobate-Ligand Entrapment of Quantum-Confined Copper-Oxide Cores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213762. [PMID: 36580402 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The formation of small 1 to 3 nm organic-ligand free metal-oxide nanocrystals (NCs) is essential to utilization of their attractive size-dependent properties in electronic devices and catalysis. We now report that hexaniobate cluster-anions, [Nb6 O19 ]8- , can arrest the growth of metal-oxide NCs and stabilize them as water-soluble complexes. This is exemplified by formation of hexaniobate-complexed 2.4-nm monoclinic-phase CuO NCs (1), whose ca. 350 Cu-atom cores feature quantum-confinement effects that impart an unprecedented ability to catalyze visible-light water oxidation with no added photosensitizers or applied potentials, and at rates exceeding those of hematite NCs. The findings point to polyoxoniobate-ligand entrapment as a potentially general method for harnessing the size-dependent properties of very small semiconductor NCs as the cores of versatile, entirely-inorganic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Shubasis Roy
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Tal Tubul-Sterin
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Mark Baranov
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Nitai Leffler
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Mu Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Panchao Yin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Alevtina Neyman
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ira A Weinstock
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
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3
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Yang Z, Snyder D, Pagaduan JN, Waldman A, Crosby AJ, Emrick T. Mesoscale Polymer Surfactants: Photolithographic Production and Localization at Droplet Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22059-22066. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhefei Yang
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Deborah Snyder
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - James Nicolas Pagaduan
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Abraham Waldman
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Alfred J. Crosby
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Yang X, Deng Y, Yang H, Liao Y, Cheng X, Zou Y, Wu L, Deng Y. Functionalization of Mesoporous Semiconductor Metal Oxides for Gas Sensing: Recent Advances and Emerging Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2204810. [PMID: 36373719 PMCID: PMC9811452 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the emerging of the Internet of Things, chemiresistive gas sensors have been extensively applied in industrial production, food safety, medical diagnosis, and environment detection, etc. Considerable efforts have been devoted to improving the gas-sensing performance through tailoring the structure, functions, defects and electrical conductivity of sensitive materials. Among the numerous sensitive materials, mesoporous semiconductor metal oxides possess unparalleled properties, including tunable pore size, high specific surface area, abundant metal-oxygen bonds, and rapid mass transfer/diffusion behavior (Knudsen diffusion), which have been regarded as the most potential sensitive materials. Herein, the synthesis strategies for mesoporous metal oxides are overviewed, the classical functionalization techniques of sensitive materials are also systemically summarized as a highlight, including construction of mesoporous structure, regulation of micro-nano structure (i.e., heterojunctions), noble metal sensitization (e.g., Au, Pt, Ag, Pd) and heteroatomic doping (e.g., C, N, Si, S). In addition, the structure-function relationship of sensitive materials has been discussed at molecular-atomic level, especially for the chemical sensitization effect, elucidating the interface adsorption/catalytic mechanism. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives are proposed, which will open a new door for the development of intelligent gas sensor in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Yang
- Department of ChemistryDepartment of Gastroenterology and HepatologyZhongshan HospitalZhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CenterState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsiCHEMFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Yu Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Haitao Yang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanchang Hangkong UniversityNanchang330063China
| | - Yaozu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Xiaowei Cheng
- Department of ChemistryDepartment of Gastroenterology and HepatologyZhongshan HospitalZhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CenterState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsiCHEMFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Yidong Zou
- Department of ChemistryDepartment of Gastroenterology and HepatologyZhongshan HospitalZhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CenterState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsiCHEMFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Limin Wu
- Institute of Energy and Materials ChemistryInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot010021China
| | - Yonghui Deng
- Department of ChemistryDepartment of Gastroenterology and HepatologyZhongshan HospitalZhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CenterState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsiCHEMFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanchang Hangkong UniversityNanchang330063China
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5
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Lakhanpal VS, Zydlewski BZ, Gan XY, Celio H, Jhong HRM, Ofosu CK, Milliron DJ. Aqueous transfer of colloidal metal oxide nanocrystals via base-driven ligand exchange. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9496-9499. [PMID: 35920348 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02416k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general method is developed for removal of native nonpolar oleate ligands from colloidal metal oxide nanocrystals of varying morphologies and compositions. Ligand stripping occurs by phase transfer into potassium hydroxide solution, yielding stable aqueous dispersions with little nanocrystal aggregation and without significant changes to the nanomaterials' physical or chemical properties. This method enables facile fabrication of conductive films of ligand-free nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram S Lakhanpal
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Benjamin Z Zydlewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Xing Yee Gan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Hugo Celio
- Texas Materials Institute and Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Huei-Ru Molly Jhong
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Charles K Ofosu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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6
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Rahman T, Martin NP, Jenkins JK, Elzein R, Fast DB, Addou R, Herman GS, Nyman M. Nb 2O 5, LiNbO 3, and (Na, K)NbO 3 Thin Films from High-Concentration Aqueous Nb-Polyoxometalates. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3586-3597. [PMID: 35148102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthesizing functional materials from water contributes to a sustainable energy future. On the atomic level, water drives complex metal hydrolysis/condensation/speciation, acid-base, ion pairing, and solvation reactions that ultimately direct material assembly pathways. Here, we demonstrate the importance of Nb-polyoxometalate (Nb-POM) speciation in enabling deposition of Nb2O5, LiNbO3, and (Na, K)NbO3 (KNN) from high-concentration solutions, up to 2.5 M Nb for Nb2O5 and ∼1 M Nb for LiNbO3 and KNN. Deposition of KNN from 1 M Nb concentration represents a potentially important advancment in lead-free piezoelectrics, an application that requires thick films. Solution characterization via small-angle X-ray scattering and Raman spectroscopy described the speciation for all precursor solutions as the [HxNb24O72](x-24) POM, as did total pair distribution function analyses of X-ray scattering of amorphous gels prior to conversion to oxides. The tendency of the Nb24-POM to form extended networks without crystallization leads to conformal and well-adhered films. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ellipsometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. As a strategy to convert aqueous deposition solutions from {Nb10}-POMs to {Nb24}-POMs, we devised a general procedure to produce doped Nb2O5 thin films including Ca, Ag, and Cu doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Nicolas P Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jessica K Jenkins
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, 116 Johnson Hall, 105 SW 26th St. Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Radwan Elzein
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, 116 Johnson Hall, 105 SW 26th St. Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Dylan B Fast
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Rafik Addou
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, 116 Johnson Hall, 105 SW 26th St. Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Gregory S Herman
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, 116 Johnson Hall, 105 SW 26th St. Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - May Nyman
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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7
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Rambaran MA, Gorzsás A, Holmboe M, Ohlin CA. Polyoxoniobates as molecular building blocks in thin films. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16030-16038. [PMID: 34613326 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03116c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Niobium oxide thin films have been prepared by spin-coating aqueous solutions of tetramethylammonium salts of the isostructural polyoxometalate clusters [Nb10O28]6-, [TiNb9O28]7- and [Ti2Nb8O28]8- onto silicon wafers, and annealing them. The [Nb10O28]6- cluster yields films of Nb2O5 in the orthorhombic and monoclinic crystal phases when annealed at 800 °C and 1000 °C, respectively, whereas the [TiNb9O28]7- and [Ti2Nb8O28]8- clusters yield the monoclinic crystal phases of Ti2Nb12O29 and TiNb2O7 (titanium-niobium oxides) in different ratios. We also demonstrate a protocol for depositing successive layers of metal oxide films. Finally, we explore factors affecting the roughness of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Rambaran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå University, 907 36 Sweden.
| | - András Gorzsás
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå University, 907 36 Sweden.
| | - Michael Holmboe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå University, 907 36 Sweden.
| | - C André Ohlin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå University, 907 36 Sweden.
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8
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Li X, Dong Y, Hu G, Ma K, Chen M, Ding Y. Morphology Engineering of BiVO 4 with CoO x Derived from Cobalt-containing Polyoxometalate as Co-catalyst for Oxygen Evolution. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2967-2972. [PMID: 34352152 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4 ) as a metal oxidation semiconductor has stimulated extensive attention in the photocatalytic water splitting field. However, the poor transport ability and easy recombination of charge carriers limit photocatalytic water oxidation activity of pure BiVO4 . Herein, the photocatalytic activity of BiVO4 is enhanced via adjusting its morphology and combination co-catalyst. First, the Cu-BiVO4 was synthesized by copper doping to control the growth of {110} facet of BiVO4 , which is regarded for the separation of photo-generated charge carriers. Then the CoOx in-situ generated from K6 [SiCoII (H2 O)W11 O39 ] ⋅ 16H2 O was photo-deposited on Cu-BiVO4 surface as co-catalyst to speed up reaction kinetics. Cu-BiVO4 @CoOx hybrid catalyst shows highest photocatalytic activity and best stability among all the prepared catalysts. Oxygen evolution is about 34.6 μmol in pH 4 acetic acid buffer under 420 nm LED irradiation, which is nearly 20 times higher than that of pure BiVO4 . Apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) in 1 h and O2 yield are 1.83% and 23.1%, respectively. O2 evolution amount nearly maintains the original value even after 5 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yinjuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Gaoyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Kangwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Mengxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
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9
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Synthesis of novel visible light assisted Pt doped zinc vanadate (Pt/Zn4V2O9) for enhanced photocatalytic properties. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Zou Y, Zhou X, Ma J, Yang X, Deng Y. Recent advances in amphiphilic block copolymer templated mesoporous metal-based materials: assembly engineering and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1173-1208. [PMID: 31967137 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00334g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous metal-based materials (MMBMs) have received unprecedented attention in catalysis, sensing, and energy storage and conversion owing to their unique electronic structures, uniform mesopore size and high specific surface area. In the last decade, great progress has been made in the design and application of MMBMs; in particular, many novel assembly engineering methods and strategies based on amphiphilic block copolymers as structure-directing agents have also been developed for the "bottom-up" construction of a variety of MMBMs. Development of MMBMs is therefore of significant importance from both academic and practical points of view. In this review, we provide a systematic elaboration of the molecular assembly methods and strategies for MMBMs, such as tuning the driving force between amphiphilic block copolymers and various precursors (i.e., metal salts, nanoparticles/clusters and polyoxometalates) for pore characteristics and physicochemical properties. The structure-performance relationship of MMBMs (e.g., pore size, surface area, crystallinity and crystal structure) based on various spectroscopy analysis techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculation is discussed and the influence of the surface/interfacial properties of MMBMs (e.g., active surfaces, heterojunctions, binding sites and acid-base properties) in various applications is also included. The prospect of accurately designing functional mesoporous materials and future research directions in the field of MMBMs is pointed out in this review, and it will open a new avenue for the inorganic-organic assembly in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Zou
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xinran Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Junhao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xuanyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yonghui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. and State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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11
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Nanoparticulate Metal Oxide Top Electrode Interface Modification Improves the Thermal Stability of Inverted Perovskite Photovoltaics. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9111616. [PMID: 31739544 PMCID: PMC6915520 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Solution processed γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles via the solvothermal colloidal synthesis in conjunction with ligand-exchange method are used for interface modification of the top electrode in inverted perovskite solar cells. In comparison to more conventional top electrodes such as PC(70)BM/Al and PC(70)BM/AZO/Al, we show that incorporation of a γ-Fe2O3 provides an alternative solution processed top electrode (PC(70)BM/γ-Fe2O3/Al) that not only results in comparable power conversion efficiencies but also improved thermal stability of inverted perovskite photovoltaics. The origin of improved stability of inverted perovskite solar cells incorporating PC(70)BM/ γ-Fe2O3/Al under accelerated heat lifetime conditions is attributed to the acidic surface nature of γ-Fe2O3 and reduced charge trapped density within PC(70)BM/ γ-Fe2O3/Al top electrode interfaces.
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12
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Chakraborty B, Weinstock IA. Water-soluble titanium-oxides: Complexes, clusters and nanocrystals. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Chakraborty B, Gan-Or G, Raula M, Gadot E, Weinstock IA. Design of an inherently-stable water oxidation catalyst. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4896. [PMID: 30459390 PMCID: PMC6244296 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While molecular water-oxidation catalysts are remarkably rapid, oxidative and hydrolytic processes in water can convert their active transition metals to colloidal metal oxides or hydroxides that, while quite reactive, are insoluble or susceptible to precipitation. In response, we propose using oxidatively-inert ligands to harness the metal oxides themselves. This approach is demonstrated by covalently attaching entirely inorganic oxo-donor ligands (polyoxometalates) to 3-nm hematite cores, giving soluble anionic structures, highly resistant to aggregation, yet thermodynamically stable to oxidation and hydrolysis. Using orthoperiodate (at pH 8), and no added photosensitizers, the hematite-core complex catalyzes visible-light driven water oxidation for seven days (7600 turnovers) with no decrease in activity, far exceeding the documented lifetimes of molecular catalysts under turnover conditions in water. As such, a fundamental limitation of molecular complexes is entirely bypassed by using coordination chemistry to harness a transition-metal oxide as the reactive center of an inherently stable, homogeneous water-oxidation catalyst. A current challenge in the development of molecular water oxidation catalysts is to overcome their inherent susceptibilities to oxidative or hydrolytic degradation under turnover conditions in water. Here, the authors design an inherently-stable water oxidation catalyst using oxidatively-inert ligands to harness a reactive metal oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswarup Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Gal Gan-Or
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Manoj Raula
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Eyal Gadot
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ira A Weinstock
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel.
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14
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Zandi O, Agrawal A, Shearer AB, Reimnitz LC, Dahlman CJ, Staller CM, Milliron DJ. Impacts of surface depletion on the plasmonic properties of doped semiconductor nanocrystals. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:710-717. [PMID: 29988146 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Degenerately doped semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Unlike metals, semiconductor NCs offer tunable LSPR characteristics enabled by doping, or via electrochemical or photochemical charging. Tuning plasmonic properties through carrier density modulation suggests potential applications in smart optoelectronics, catalysis and sensing. Here, we elucidate fundamental aspects of LSPR modulation through dynamic carrier density tuning in Sn-doped In2O3 (Sn:In2O3) NCs. Monodisperse Sn:In2O3 NCs with various doping levels and sizes were synthesized and assembled in uniform films. NC films were then charged in an in situ electrochemical cell and the LSPR modulation spectra were monitored. Based on spectral shifts and intensity modulation of the LSPR, combined with optical modelling, it was found that often-neglected semiconductor properties, specifically band structure modification due to doping and surface states, strongly affect LSPR modulation. Fermi level pinning by surface defect states creates a surface depletion layer that alters the LSPR properties; it determines the extent of LSPR frequency modulation, diminishes the expected near-field enhancement, and strongly reduces sensitivity of the LSPR to the surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Zandi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ankit Agrawal
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Alex B Shearer
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren C Reimnitz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Clayton J Dahlman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Corey M Staller
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
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15
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Agrawal A, Singh A, Yazdi S, Singh A, Ong GK, Bustillo K, Johns RW, Ringe E, Milliron DJ. Resonant Coupling between Molecular Vibrations and Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of Faceted Metal Oxide Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:2611-2620. [PMID: 28337921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Doped metal oxides are plasmonic materials that boast both synthetic and postsynthetic spectral tunability. They have already enabled promising smart window and optoelectronic technologies and have been proposed for use in surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) and sensing applications. Herein, we report the first step toward realization of the former utilizing cubic F and Sn codoped In2O3 nanocrystals (NCs) to couple to the C-H vibration of surface-bound oleate ligands. Electron energy loss spectroscopy is used to map the strong near-field enhancement around these NCs that enables localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) coupling between adjacent nanocrystals and LSPR-molecular vibration coupling. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements and finite element simulations are applied to observe and explain the nature of the coupling phenomena, specifically addressing coupling in mesoscale assembled films. The Fano line shape signatures of LSPR-coupled molecular vibrations are rationalized with two-port temporal coupled mode theory. With this combined theoretical and experimental approach, we describe the influence of coupling strength and relative detuning between the molecular vibration and LSPR on the enhancement factor and further explain the basis of the observed Fano line shape by deconvoluting the combined response of the LSPR and molecular vibration in transmission, absorption and reflection. This study therefore illustrates various factors involved in determining the LSPR-LSPR and LSPR-molecular vibration coupling for metal oxide materials and provides a fundamental basis for the design of sensing or SEIRA substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Agrawal
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ajay Singh
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- The Molecular Foundry and National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Amita Singh
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Gary K Ong
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Karen Bustillo
- The Molecular Foundry and National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert W Johns
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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16
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Llordés A, Wang Y, Fernandez-Martinez A, Xiao P, Lee T, Poulain A, Zandi O, Saez Cabezas CA, Henkelman G, Milliron DJ. Linear topology in amorphous metal oxide electrochromic networks obtained via low-temperature solution processing. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:1267-1273. [PMID: 27548708 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous transition metal oxides are recognized as leading candidates for electrochromic window coatings that can dynamically modulate solar irradiation and improve building energy efficiency. However, their thin films are normally prepared by energy-intensive sputtering techniques or high-temperature solution methods, which increase manufacturing cost and complexity. Here, we report on a room-temperature solution process to fabricate electrochromic films of niobium oxide glass (NbOx) and 'nanocrystal-in-glass' composites (that is, tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) nanocrystals embedded in NbOx glass) via acid-catalysed condensation of polyniobate clusters. A combination of X-ray scattering and spectroscopic characterization with complementary simulations reveals that this strategy leads to a unique one-dimensional chain-like NbOx structure, which significantly enhances the electrochromic performance, compared to a typical three-dimensional NbOx network obtained from conventional high-temperature thermal processing. In addition, we show how self-assembled ITO-in-NbOx composite films can be successfully integrated into high-performance flexible electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Llordés
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- IKERBASQUE, The Basque Foundation for Science. CICenergiGUNE, Parque Tecnológico C/Albert Einstein 48 CP, 01510 Minano (Alava), Spain
| | - Yang Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - Penghao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Tom Lee
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Agnieszka Poulain
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Omid Zandi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Camila A Saez Cabezas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Delia J Milliron
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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17
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Dahlman CJ, LeBlanc G, Bergerud A, Staller C, Adair J, Milliron DJ. Electrochemically Induced Transformations of Vanadium Dioxide Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6021-6027. [PMID: 27689911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) undergoes significant optical, electronic, and structural changes as it transforms between the low-temperature monoclinic and high-temperature rutile phases. Recently, alternative stimuli have been utilized to trigger insulator-to-metal transformations in VO2, including electrochemical gating. Here, we prepare and electrochemically reduce mesoporous films of VO2 nanocrystals, prepared from colloidally synthesized V2O3 nanocrystals that have been oxidatively annealed, in a three-electrode electrochemical cell. We observe a reversible transition between infrared transparent insulating phases and a darkened metallic phase by in situ visible-near-infrared spectroelectrochemistry and correlate these observations with structural and electronic changes monitored by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and conductivity measurements. An unexpected reversible transition from conductive, reduced monoclinic VO2 to an infrared-transparent insulating phase upon progressive electrochemical reduction is observed. This insulator-metal-insulator transition has not been reported in previous studies of electrochemically gated epitaxial VO2 films and is attributed to improved oxygen vacancy formation kinetics and diffusion due to the mesoporous nanocrystal film structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton J Dahlman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Gabriel LeBlanc
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Amy Bergerud
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Corey Staller
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jacob Adair
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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18
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Abstract
This article reviews the basic principles of and recent developments in electrochromic, photochromic, and thermochromic materials for applications in smart windows. Compared with current static windows, smart windows can dynamically modulate the transmittance of solar irradiation based on weather conditions and personal preferences, thus simultaneously improving building energy efficiency and indoor human comfort. Although some smart windows are commercially available, their widespread implementation has not yet been realized. Recent advances in nanostructured materials provide new opportunities for next-generation smart window technology owing to their unique structure-property relations. Nanomaterials can provide enhanced coloration efficiency, faster switching kinetics, and longer lifetime. In addition, their compatibility with solution processing enables low-cost and high-throughput fabrication. This review also discusses the importance of dual-band modulation of visible and near-infrared (NIR) light, as nearly 50% of solar energy lies in the NIR region. Some latest results show that solution-processable nanostructured systems can selectively modulate the NIR light without affecting the visible transmittance, thus reducing energy consumption by air conditioning, heating, and artificial lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712; ,
| | - Evan L Runnerstrom
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712; , .,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712; ,
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19
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Bodnarchuk MI, Yakunin S, Piveteau L, Kovalenko MV. Host-guest chemistry for tuning colloidal solubility, self-organization and photoconductivity of inorganic-capped nanocrystals. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10142. [PMID: 26647828 PMCID: PMC4682102 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal inorganic nanocrystals (NCs), functionalized with inorganic capping ligands, such as metal chalcogenide complexes (MCCs), have recently emerged as versatile optoelectronic materials. As-prepared, highly charged MCC-capped NCs are dispersible only in highly polar solvents, and lack the ability to form long-range ordered NC superlattices. Here we report a simple and general methodology, based on host–guest coordination of MCC-capped NCs with macrocyclic ethers (crown ethers and cryptands), enabling the solubilization of inorganic-capped NCs in solvents of any polarity and improving the ability to form NC superlattices. The corona of organic molecules can also serve as a convenient knob for the fine adjustment of charge transport and photoconductivity in films of NCs. In particular, high-infrared-photon detectivities of up to 3.3 × 1011 Jones with a fast response (3 dB cut-off at 3 kHz) at the wavelength of 1,200 nm were obtained with films of PbS/K3AsS4/decyl-18-crown-6 NCs. The high polarity of colloidal inorganic-ligand-functionalized nanocrystals can be problematic for their processing, limiting their optoelectronic applications. Here, by complexation with macrocycles, the authors enabled broad amphiphilicity of such nanocrystals and processing from a variety of solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sergii Yakunin
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Laura Piveteau
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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20
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Rosen EL, Gilmore K, Sawvel AM, Hammack AT, Doris SE, Aloni S, Altoe V, Nordlund D, Weng TC, Sokaras D, Cohen BE, Urban JJ, Ogletree DF, Milliron DJ, Prendergast D, Helms BA. Chemically directing d-block heterometallics to nanocrystal surfaces as molecular beacons of surface structure. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6295-6304. [PMID: 30090247 PMCID: PMC6054122 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01474c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
d-block heterometals reveal local surface structure.
Our understanding of structure and bonding in nanoscale materials is incomplete without knowledge of their surface structure. Needed are better surveying capabilities responsive not only to different atoms at the surface, but also their respective coordination environments. We report here that d-block organometallics, when placed at nanocrystal surfaces through heterometallic bonds, serve as molecular beacons broadcasting local surface structure in atomic detail. This unique ability stems from their elemental specificity and the sensitivity of their d-orbital level alignment to local coordination environment, which can be assessed spectroscopically. Re-surfacing cadmium and lead chalcogenide nanocrystals with iron- or ruthenium-based molecular beacons is readily accomplished with trimethylsilylated cyclopentadienyl metal carbonyls. For PbSe nanocrystals with iron-based beacons, we show how core-level X-ray spectroscopies and DFT calculations enrich our understanding of both charge and atomic reorganization at the surface when beacons are bound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn L Rosen
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
| | - Keith Gilmore
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
| | - April M Sawvel
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
| | - Aaron T Hammack
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
| | - Sean E Doris
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA . .,Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA
| | - Shaul Aloni
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
| | - Virginia Altoe
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , CA 94025 , USA
| | - Tsu-Chien Weng
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , CA 94025 , USA
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , CA 94025 , USA
| | - Bruce E Cohen
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
| | - Jeffrey J Urban
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
| | - D Frank Ogletree
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
| | - Delia J Milliron
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA . .,McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA
| | - David Prendergast
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
| | - Brett A Helms
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
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21
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Carey GH, Yuan M, Comin R, Voznyy O, Sargent EH. Cleavable Ligands Enable Uniform Close Packing in Colloidal Quantum Dot Solids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:21995-22000. [PMID: 26378717 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Uniform close packing in colloidal quantum dot solids is critical for high-optical density, high-mobility optoelectronic devices. A hybrid-ligand strategy is developed, combining the advantages of solid state and solution-phase ligand exchanges. This strategy uses a medium length thioamide ligand that is readily cleaved in a single chemical treatment, leading to quantum dot solids with uniformly packed domains 3 times larger than those observed in ligand-exchanged films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham H Carey
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Mingjian Yuan
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Riccardo Comin
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Oleksandr Voznyy
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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22
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Kim J, Ong GK, Wang Y, LeBlanc G, Williams TE, Mattox TM, Helms BA, Milliron DJ. Nanocomposite Architecture for Rapid, Spectrally-Selective Electrochromic Modulation of Solar Transmittance. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:5574-9. [PMID: 26189324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Two active electrochromic materials, vacancy-doped tungsten oxide (WO(3-x)) nanocrystals and amorphous niobium oxide (NbOx) glass are arranged into a mesostructured architecture. In a strategy applicable across electrochemical applications, the critical dimensions and interfacial connections in the nanocomposite are designed to optimize pathways for electrochemical charging and discharging. The result is an unprecedented optical range for modulation of visible and near-infrared solar radiation with rapid switching kinetics that indicate the WO(3-x) nanocrystal framework effectively pumps charge out of the normally sluggish NbOx glass. The material is durable for at least 2000 electrochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwook Kim
- †McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Gary K Ong
- †McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yang Wang
- †McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Gabriel LeBlanc
- †McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Teresa E Williams
- ∥The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tracy M Mattox
- ∥The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brett A Helms
- ∥The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- †McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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23
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Kovalenko MV, Manna L, Cabot A, Hens Z, Talapin DV, Kagan CR, Klimov VI, Rogach AL, Reiss P, Milliron DJ, Guyot-Sionnnest P, Konstantatos G, Parak WJ, Hyeon T, Korgel BA, Murray CB, Heiss W. Prospects of nanoscience with nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1012-57. [PMID: 25608730 DOI: 10.1021/nn506223h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 603] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs, i.e., crystalline nanoparticles) have become an important class of materials with great potential for applications ranging from medicine to electronic and optoelectronic devices. Today's strong research focus on NCs has been prompted by the tremendous progress in their synthesis. Impressively narrow size distributions of just a few percent, rational shape-engineering, compositional modulation, electronic doping, and tailored surface chemistries are now feasible for a broad range of inorganic compounds. The performance of inorganic NC-based photovoltaic and light-emitting devices has become competitive to other state-of-the-art materials. Semiconductor NCs hold unique promise for near- and mid-infrared technologies, where very few semiconductor materials are available. On a purely fundamental side, new insights into NC growth, chemical transformations, and self-organization can be gained from rapidly progressing in situ characterization and direct imaging techniques. New phenomena are constantly being discovered in the photophysics of NCs and in the electronic properties of NC solids. In this Nano Focus, we review the state of the art in research on colloidal NCs focusing on the most recent works published in the last 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym V Kovalenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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24
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Protesescu L, Nachtegaal M, Voznyy O, Borovinskaya O, Rossini AJ, Emsley L, Copéret C, Günther D, Sargent EH, Kovalenko MV. Atomistic description of thiostannate-capped CdSe nanocrystals: retention of four-coordinate SnS4 motif and preservation of Cd-rich stoichiometry. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1862-74. [PMID: 25597625 PMCID: PMC4525771 DOI: 10.1021/ja510862c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) are widely studied as building blocks for novel solid-state materials. Inorganic surface functionalization, used to displace native organic capping ligands from NC surfaces, has been a major enabler of electronic solid-state devices based on colloidal NCs. At the same time, very little is known about the atomistic details of the organic-to-inorganic ligand exchange and binding motifs at the NC surface, severely limiting further progress in designing all-inorganic NCs and NC solids. Taking thiostannates (K4SnS4, K4Sn2S6, K6Sn2S7) as typical examples of chalcogenidometallate ligands and oleate-capped CdSe NCs as a model NC system, in this study we address these questions through the combined application of solution (1)H NMR spectroscopy, solution and solid-state (119)Sn NMR spectroscopy, far-infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and by DFT modeling. We show that through the X-type oleate-to-thiostannate ligand exchange, CdSe NCs retain their Cd-rich stoichiometry, with a stoichiometric CdSe core and surface Cd adatoms serving as binding sites for terminal S atoms of the thiostannates ligands, leading to all-inorganic (CdSe)core[Cdm(Sn2S7)yK(6y-2m)]shell (taking Sn2S7(6-) ligand as an example). Thiostannates SnS4(4-) and Sn2S7(6-) retain (distorted) tetrahedral SnS4 geometry upon binding to NC surface. At the same time, experiments and simulations point to lower stability of Sn2S6(4-) (and SnS3(2-)) in most solvents and its lower adaptability to the NC surface caused by rigid Sn2S2 rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Protesescu
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
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25
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Hou Y, Fast DB, Ruther RE, Amador JM, Fullmer LB, Decker SR, Zakharov LN, Dolgos MR, Nyman M. The atomic level journey from aqueous polyoxometalate to metal oxide. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2014.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Chan EM. Combinatorial approaches for developing upconverting nanomaterials: high-throughput screening, modeling, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:1653-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys the use of combinatorial and high-throughput techniques for the rapid discovery, optimization, and application of upconverting nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emory M. Chan
- The Molecular Foundry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
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27
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Yakunin S, Dirin DN, Protesescu L, Sytnyk M, Tollabimazraehno S, Humer M, Hackl F, Fromherz T, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Heiss W. High infrared photoconductivity in films of arsenic-sulfide-encapsulated lead-sulfide nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2014; 8:12883-94. [PMID: 25470412 PMCID: PMC4278417 DOI: 10.1021/nn5067478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Highly photoconductive thin films of inorganic-capped PbS nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) are reported. Stable colloidal dispersions of (NH4)3AsS3-capped PbS QDs were processed by a conventional dip-coating technique into a thin homogeneous film of electronically coupled PbS QDs. Upon drying at 130 °C, (NH4)3AsS3 capping ligands were converted into a thin layer of As2S3, acting as an infrared-transparent semiconducting glue. Photodetectors obtained by depositing such films onto glass substrates with interdigitate electrode structures feature extremely high light responsivity and detectivity with values of more than 200 A/W and 1.2×10(13) Jones, respectively, at infrared wavelengths up to 1400 nm. Importantly, these devices were fabricated and tested under ambient atmosphere. Using a set of time-resolved optoelectronic experiments, the important role played by the carrier trap states, presumably localized on the arsenic-sulfide surface coating, has been elucidated. Foremost, these traps enable a very high photoconductive gain of at least 200. The trap state density as a function of energy has been plotted from the frequency dependence of the photoinduced absorption (PIA), whereas the distribution of lifetimes of these traps was recovered from PIA and photoconductivity (PC) phase spectra. These trap states also have an important impact on carrier dynamics, which led us to propose a kinetic model for trap state filling that consistently describes the experimental photoconductivity transients at various intensities of excitation light. This model also provides realistic values for the photoconductive gain and thus may serve as a useful tool to describe photoconductivity in nanocrystal-based solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Yakunin
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstraße 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstraße 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Loredana Protesescu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstraße 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Mykhailo Sytnyk
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Sajjad Tollabimazraehno
- Zentrum für Oberflächen- und Nanoanalytik, University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Markus Humer
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Florian Hackl
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Thomas Fromherz
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstraße 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstraße 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Heiss
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
- Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Energie Campus Nürnberg (EnCN), Fürther Straße 250, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
- Address correspondence to
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28
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Doris SE, Lynch JJ, Li C, Wills AW, Urban JJ, Helms BA. Mechanistic Insight into the Formation of Cationic Naked Nanocrystals Generated under Equilibrium Control. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15702-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508675t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean E. Doris
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jared J. Lynch
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Changyi Li
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrew W. Wills
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Urban
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brett A. Helms
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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29
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Huang J, Liu W, Dolzhnikov DS, Protesescu L, Kovalenko MV, Koo B, Chattopadhyay S, Shenchenko EV, Talapin DV. Surface functionalization of semiconductor and oxide nanocrystals with small inorganic oxoanions (PO4(3-), MoO4(2-)) and polyoxometalate ligands. ACS NANO 2014; 8:9388-402. [PMID: 25181260 DOI: 10.1021/nn503458y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we study the functionalization of the nanocrystal (NC) surface with inorganic oxo ligands, which bring a new set of functionalities to all-inorganic colloidal nanomaterials. We show that simple inorganic oxoanions, such as PO4(3-) and MoO4(2-), exhibit strong binding affinity to the surface of various II-VI and III-V semiconductor and metal oxide NCs. ζ-Potential titration offered a useful tool to differentiate the binding affinities of inorganic ligands toward different NCs. Direct comparison of the binding affinity of oxo and chalcogenidometallate ligands revealed that the former ligands form a stronger bond with oxide NCs (e.g., Fe2O3, ZnO, and TiO2), while the latter prefer binding to metal chalcogenide NCs (e.g., CdSe). The binding between NCs and oxo ligands strengthens when moving from small oxoanions to polyoxometallates (POMs). We also show that small oxo ligands and POMs make it possible to tailor NC properties. For example, we observed improved stability upon Li(+)-ion intercalation into the films of Fe2O3 hollow NCs when capped with MoO4(2-) ligands. We also observed lower overpotential and enhanced exchange current density for water oxidation using Fe2O3 NCs capped with [P2Mo18O62](6-) ligands and even more so for [{Ru4O4(OH)2(H2O)4}(γ-SiW10O36)2] with POM as the capping ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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30
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Dirin D, Dreyfuss S, Bodnarchuk MI, Nedelcu G, Papagiorgis P, Itskos G, Kovalenko MV. Lead halide perovskites and other metal halide complexes as inorganic capping ligands for colloidal nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6550-3. [PMID: 24746226 PMCID: PMC4524702 DOI: 10.1021/ja5006288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites (CH3NH3PbX3, where X = I, Br) and other metal halide complexes (MX(n), where M = Pb, Cd, In, Zn, Fe, Bi, Sb) have been studied as inorganic capping ligands for colloidal nanocrystals. We present the methodology for the surface functionalization via ligand-exchange reactions and the effect on the optical properties of IV-VI, II-VI, and III-V semiconductor nanocrystals. In particular, we show that the Lewis acid-base properties of the solvents, in addition to the solvent dielectric constant, must be properly adjusted for successful ligand exchange and colloidal stability. High luminescence quantum efficiencies of 20-30% for near-infrared emitting CH3NH3PbI3-functionalized PbS nanocrystals and 50-65% for red-emitting CH3NH3CdBr3- and (NH4)2ZnCl4-capped CdSe/CdS nanocrystals point to highly efficient electronic passivation of the nanocrystal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry
N. Dirin
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for
Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa − Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Dreyfuss
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for
Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa − Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Georgian Nedelcu
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for
Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa − Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Paris Papagiorgis
- Department
of Physics, Experimental Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Grigorios Itskos
- Department
of Physics, Experimental Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for
Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa − Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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31
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Milliron DJ, Buonsanti R, Llordes A, Helms BA. Constructing functional mesostructured materials from colloidal nanocrystal building blocks. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:236-46. [PMID: 24004254 DOI: 10.1021/ar400133k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Through synthesizing colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) in the organic phase, chemists gain fine control over their composition, size, and shape. Strategies for arranging them into ordered superlattices have followed closely behind synthetic advances. Nonetheless, the same hydrophobic ligands that help their assembly also severely limit interactions between adjacent nanocrystals. As a result, examples of nanocrystal-based materials whose functionality derives from their mesoscale structure have lagged well behind advances in synthesis and assembly. In this Account, we describe how recent insights into NC surface chemistry have fueled dramatic progress in functional mesostructures. In these constructs, intimate contact between NCs as well as with heterogeneous components is key in determining macroscopic behavior. The simplest mesoscale assemblies we consider are networks of NCs constructed by in situ replacement of their bulky, insulating surface ligands with small molecules. Transistors are a test bed for understanding conductivity, setting the stage for new functionality. For instance, we demonstrated that by electrochemically charging and discharging networks of plasmonic metal oxide NCs, the transmittance of near infrared light can be strongly and reversibly modulated. When we assemble NCs with heterogeneous components, there is an even greater potential for generating complex functionality. Nanocomposites can exhibit favorable characteristics of their component materials, yet the interaction between components can also have a strong influence. Realizing such opportunities requires an intimate linking of embedded NCs to the surrounding matrix phase. We accomplish this link by coordinating inorganic anionic clusters directly to NC surfaces. By exploiting this connection, we found enhanced ionic conductivity in Ag2S-in-GeS2 nanocrystal-in-glass electrodes. In another example, we also found enhanced optical contrast when linking electrochromic niobium oxide to embedded tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) NCs. These dramatic effects emerge from reconstruction of the inorganic glass immediately adjacent to the NC interface. When co-assembling NCs with block copolymers, direct coordination of the polymer to NC surfaces again opens new opportunities for functional mesoscale constructs. We strip NCs of their native ligands and design block copolymers containing a NC tethering domain that bonds strongly, yet dynamically, to the resulting open coordination sites. This strategy enables their co-assembly at high volume fractions of NCs and leads to well-ordered mesoporous NC networks. We find these architectures to be exceptionally stable under chemical transformations driven by cation insertion, removal, and exchange. These developments offer a modular toolbox for arranging NCs deliberately with respect to heterogeneous elements and open space. We have control over metrics that define such architectures from the atomic scale (bonding and crystal structure) through the mesoscale (crystallite shapes and sizes and pore dimensions). By tuning these parameters and better understanding the interactions between components, we look forward to boundless opportunities to employ mesoscale structure, in tandem with composition, to develop functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia J. Milliron
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Raffaella Buonsanti
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anna Llordes
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brett A. Helms
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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32
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Runnerstrom EL, Llordés A, Lounis SD, Milliron DJ. Nanostructured electrochromic smart windows: traditional materials and NIR-selective plasmonic nanocrystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10555-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03109a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrochromic devices based on plasmon resonances in colloidal nanocrystals represent an important step towards realizing smart windows with ideal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L. Runnerstrom
- The Molecular Foundry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- The University of California
| | - Anna Llordés
- The Molecular Foundry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Sebastien D. Lounis
- The Molecular Foundry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
- Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology
- The University of California
| | - Delia J. Milliron
- The Molecular Foundry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
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33
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Llordés A, Garcia G, Gazquez J, Milliron DJ. Tunable near-infrared and visible-light transmittance in nanocrystal-in-glass composites. Nature 2013; 500:323-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Rauda IE, Saldarriaga-Lopez LC, Helms BA, Schelhas LT, Membreno D, Milliron DJ, Tolbert SH. Nanoporous semiconductors synthesized through polymer templating of ligand-stripped CdSe nanocrystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:1315-1322. [PMID: 23299945 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201203309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iris E Rauda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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35
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Caldwell MA, Jeyasingh RGD, Wong HSP, Milliron DJ. Nanoscale phase change memory materials. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:4382-92. [PMID: 22740071 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30541k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Phase change memory materials store information through their reversible transitions between crystalline and amorphous states. For typical metal chalcogenide compounds, their phase transition properties directly impact critical memory characteristics and the manipulation of these is a major focus in the field. Here, we discuss recent work that explores the tuning of such properties by scaling the materials to nanoscale dimensions, including fabrication and synthetic strategies used to produce nanoscale phase change memory materials. The trends that emerge are relevant to understanding how such memory technologies will function as they scale to ever smaller dimensions and also suggest new approaches to designing materials for phase change applications. Finally, the challenges and opportunities raised by integrating nanoscale phase change materials into switching devices are discussed.
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36
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Rauda IE, Buonsanti R, Saldarriaga-Lopez LC, Benjauthrit K, Schelhas LT, Stefik M, Augustyn V, Ko J, Dunn B, Wiesner U, Milliron DJ, Tolbert SH. General method for the synthesis of hierarchical nanocrystal-based mesoporous materials. ACS NANO 2012; 6:6386-6399. [PMID: 22731824 DOI: 10.1021/nn302789r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer templating of inorganic materials is a robust method for the production of nanoporous materials. The method is limited, however, by the fact that the molecular inorganic precursors commonly used generally form amorphous porous materials that often cannot be crystallized with retention of porosity. To overcome this issue, here we present a general method for the production of templated mesoporous materials from preformed nanocrystal building blocks. The work takes advantage of recent synthetic advances that allow organic ligands to be stripped off of the surface of nanocrystals to produce soluble, charge-stabilized colloids. Nanocrystals then undergo evaporation-induced co-assembly with amphiphilic diblock copolymers to form a nanostructured inorganic/organic composite. Thermal degradation of the polymer template results in nanocrystal-based mesoporous materials. Here, we show that this method can be applied to nanocrystals with a broad range of compositions and sizes, and that assembly of nanocrystals can be carried out using a broad family of polymer templates. The resultant materials show disordered but homogeneous mesoporosity that can be tuned through the choice of template. The materials also show significant microporosity, formed by the agglomerated nanocrystals, and this porosity can be tuned by the nanocrystal size. We demonstrate through careful selection of the synthetic components that specifically designed nanostructured materials can be constructed. Because of the combination of open and interconnected porosity, high surface area, and compositional tunability, these materials are likely to find uses in a broad range of applications. For example, enhanced charge storage kinetics in nanoporous Mn(3)O(4) is demonstrated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris E Rauda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and The California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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37
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Duong JT, Bailey MJ, Pick TE, McBride PM, Rosen EL, Buonsanti R, Milliron DJ, Helms BA. Efficient polymer passivation of ligand-stripped nanocrystal surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Rosen EL, Buonsanti R, Llordes A, Sawvel AM, Milliron DJ, Helms BA. Exceptionally Mild Reactive Stripping of Native Ligands from Nanocrystal Surfaces by Using Meerwein’s Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Rosen EL, Buonsanti R, Llordes A, Sawvel AM, Milliron DJ, Helms BA. Exceptionally Mild Reactive Stripping of Native Ligands from Nanocrystal Surfaces by Using Meerwein’s Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:684-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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