1
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Weng T, Xu Z, Li K, Guo Y, Chen X, Li Z, Sun Z. 1,1'-Biolympicenyl: A Stable Non-Kekulé Diradical with a Small Singlet and Triplet Energy Gap. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39254188 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Dimerization of delocalized polycyclic hydrocarbon radicals is a simple and versatile method to create diradicals with tailored electronic structures and accessible high-spin states. However, the synthesis is challenging, and the stability issue of the diradicals remains a concern. In this study, we present the synthesis of a stable non-Kekulé 1,1'-biolympicenyl diradical 1 using a protection-oxidation-protection strategy. Diradical 1 demonstrated exceptional stability, with a solution half-life time exceeding 3.5 years and a solid state thermal decomposition temperature above 300 °C. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed its intersected molecular structure and tightly bound dimer configuration. A singlet ground state with a small singlet-triplet energy gap is consistently identified using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) in a rigid matrix, and the triplet state is thermally accessible at room temperature. The solution phase properties were systematically examined through EPR, absorption spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, revealing a rotational motion in the slow-motion regime and multistage redox characteristics. This study presents an efficient synthetic and stabilization strategy for organic diradicals, enabling the development of various high-spin functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoyu Weng
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yupeng Guo
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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2
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Liu P, Wu MX, Yu ML, Kang H, Huang B, Yang HB, Zhao XL, Shi X. Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by Electrocyclization-Dehydrogenation of Diradicaloids. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39240235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present a novel and efficient method for the synthesis of two new polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 1 and 2, through the electrocyclization-dehydrogenation of diradicaloids. The proposed oxidative electrocyclization via intermediate diradicaloids is monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Interestingly, 1 exhibits chirality because of its inherent helical skeleton, and 2 features long-wavelength absorption and near-infrared emission properties due to its extended π-conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Meng-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Meng-Ling Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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3
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Trinquier G, David G, Veillon E, Malrieu JP. On Entangled Singlet Pure Diradicals. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4252-4267. [PMID: 38748985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This work addresses a class of conjugated hydrocarbons that are expected to be singlet diradicals according to the topological Hückel Hamiltonian while possibly satisfying full on-bond electron pairing. These systems possess two degenerate singly occupied molecular orbitals (SOMOs), but aromaticity brought by properly positioned six-membered rings does prevent Jahn-Teller distortions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed on two emblematic examples confirm the strong bond-length alternation in the closed-shell solutions and the clear spatial symmetry in the open-shell spin-unrestricted determinants, the latter solution always being found to have significantly lower energy. Since the SOMOs are here of different symmetry, the wave function is free from ionic valence-bond component, and spin decontamination of the unrestricted DFT solutions and wave function calculations at the CASSCF-plus-second-order-perturbation level confirm the expected pure diradical character of such molecules. In contrast to disjoint diradicals, the SOMOs of present systems have large amplitudes on neighbor atoms, and we propose to name them entangled pure diradicals, further providing some prescription rules for their design. Additional calculations point out the qualitative contrast between these molecules and the related diradicaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Trinquier
- Laboratoire de chimie et physique quantiques, IRSAMC-CNRS-UMR 5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), Toulouse 31062, Cedex 4, France
| | - Grégoire David
- Institut des sciences chimiques de rennes, ISCR-CNRS-UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, Rennes 35000, France
| | - Elohan Veillon
- Laboratoire de chimie et physique quantiques, IRSAMC-CNRS-UMR 5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), Toulouse 31062, Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-Paul Malrieu
- Laboratoire de chimie et physique quantiques, IRSAMC-CNRS-UMR 5626, Université Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse III), Toulouse 31062, Cedex 4, France
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4
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Jacobse P, Daugherty MC, Čerņevičs K, Wang Z, McCurdy RD, Yazyev OV, Fischer FR, Crommie MF. Five-Membered Rings Create Off-Zero Modes in Nanographene. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24901-24909. [PMID: 38051766 PMCID: PMC10753889 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The low-energy electronic structure of nanographenes can be tuned through zero-energy π-electron states, typically referred to as zero-modes. Customizable electronic and magnetic structures have been engineered by coupling zero-modes through exchange and hybridization interactions. Manipulation of the energy of such states, however, has not yet received significant attention. We find that attaching a five-membered ring to a zigzag edge hosting a zero-mode perturbs the energy of that mode and turns it into an off-zero mode: a localized state with a distinctive electron-accepting character. Whereas the end states of typical 7-atom-wide armchair graphene nanoribbons (7-AGNRs) lose their electrons when physisorbed on Au(111) (due to its high work function), converting them into off-zero modes by introducing cyclopentadienyl five-membered rings allows them to retain their single-electron occupation. This approach enables the magnetic properties of 7-AGNR end states to be explored using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on a gold substrate. We find a gradual decrease of the magnetic coupling between off-zero mode end states as a function of GNR length, and evolution from a more closed-shell to a more open-shell ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter
H. Jacobse
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael C. Daugherty
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristia̅ns Čerņevičs
- Institute
of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryan D. McCurdy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Oleg V. Yazyev
- Institute
of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix R. Fischer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Bakar
Institute
of Digital Materials for the Planet, Division of Computing, Data Science,
and Society, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F. Crommie
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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5
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Mizuno Y, Nogata A, Suzuki M, Nakayama KI, Hisaki I, Kishi R, Konishi A, Yasuda M. Synthesis and Characterization of Dibenzothieno[ a, f]pentalenes Enabling Large Antiaromaticity and Moderate Open-Shell Character through a Small Energy Barrier for Bond-Shift Valence Tautomerization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20595-20609. [PMID: 37695346 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical rationalization of bond-shift valence tautomerization, characterized by double-well potential surfaces, is one of the most challenging topics of study among the rich electronic properties of antiaromatic molecules. Although the pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect (PJTE) is an essential effect to provide attractive characteristics of 4nπ systems, an understanding of the structure-property relationship derived from the PJTE for planar 4nπ electron systems is still in its infancy. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of two regioisomers of the thiophene-fused diareno[a,f]pentalenes 6 and 7. The magnetic and optoelectronic properties characterize these sulfur-doped diareno[a,f]pentalenes as open-shell antiaromatic molecules, in sharp contrast to the closed-shell antiaromatic systems of 3 and 5, in which these main cores consist of the same number of π electrons as 6 and 7. Notably, thiophene-fused 6b and 7b showed pronounced antiaromaticity, the strongest among the previous systems, as well as moderate open-shell characteristics. Our experimental and theoretical investigations concluded that these properties of 6b and 7b are derived from the small energy barrier Ea‡ for the bond-shift valence tautomerization. The energy profile of the single crystal of 6b showed the temperature-dependent structural variations assigned to the dynamic mutual exchange between the two Cs-symmetric structures, which was also supported by changes in the chemical shifts of variable-temperature 1H NMR spectra in the solution phase. Both experimental and computational results revealed the importance of introducing heteroaromatic rings into 4nπ systems for controlling the PJTE and manifesting the antiaromatic and open-shell natures originating from the high-symmetric structure. The findings of this study advance the understanding of antiaromaticity characterized by the PJTE by controlling the energy barrier for bond-shift valence tautomerizations, potentially leading to the rational design of optoelectronic devices based on novel antiaromatic molecules possessing the strong contributions of their high-symmetric geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mizuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Nogata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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6
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Dai Y, Zerbini A, Casado J, Negri F. Ambipolar Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors: How Intramolecular Reorganization Energy Is Controlled by Diradical Character. Molecules 2023; 28:4642. [PMID: 37375198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The charged forms of π-conjugated chromophores are relevant in the field of organic electronics as charge carriers in optoelectronic devices, but also as energy storage substrates in organic batteries. In this context, intramolecular reorganization energy plays an important role in controlling material efficiency. In this work, we investigate how the diradical character influences the reorganization energies of holes and electrons by considering a library of diradicaloid chromophores. We determine the reorganization energies with the four-point adiabatic potential method using quantum-chemical calculations at density functional theory (DFT) level. To assess the role of diradical character, we compare the results obtained, assuming both closed-shell and open-shell representations of the neutral species. The study shows how the diradical character impacts the geometrical and electronic structure of neutral species, which in turn control the magnitude of reorganization energies for both charge carriers. Based on computed geometries of neutral and charged species, we propose a simple scheme to rationalize the small, computed reorganization energies for both n-type and p-type charge transport. The study is supplemented with the calculation of intermolecular electronic couplings governing charge transport for selected diradicals, further supporting the ambipolar character of the investigated diradicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasi Dai
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Zerbini
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- INSTM, UdR Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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7
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Neumann M, Wei X, Morales-Inostroza L, Song S, Lee SG, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Götzinger S, Lee YH. Organic Molecules as Origin of Visible-Range Single Photon Emission from Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Mica. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37276077 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of room-temperature single-photon emitters (SPEs) hosted by two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (2D hBN) has sparked intense research interest. Although emitters in the vicinity of 2 eV have been studied extensively, their microscopic identity has remained elusive. The discussion of this class of SPEs has centered on point defects in the hBN crystal lattice, but none of the candidate defect structures have been able to capture the great heterogeneity in emitter properties that is observed experimentally. Employing a widely used sample preparation protocol but disentangling several confounding factors, we demonstrate conclusively that heterogeneous single-photon emission at ∼2 eV associated with hBN originates from organic molecules, presumably aromatic fluorophores. The appearance of those SPEs depends critically on the presence of organic processing residues during sample preparation, and emitters formed during heat treatment are not located within the hBN crystal as previously thought, but at the hBN/substrate interface. We further demonstrate that the same class of SPEs can be observed in a different 2D insulator, fluorophlogopite mica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Neumann
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Xu Wei
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seunghyun Song
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gyu Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Stephan Götzinger
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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8
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Roondhe V, Roondhe B, Saxena S, Ahuja R, Shukla A. On using non-Kekulé triangular graphene quantum dots for scavenging hazardous sulfur hexafluoride components. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15388. [PMID: 37123910 PMCID: PMC10130882 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of present study is to explore how the size and functionalization of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) affect their sensing capabilities. Specifically, we investigated the adsorption of SO2, SOF2, SO2F2, and SF6 on GQDs that were functionalized with -CH3, -COCH3, and -NH2. We used density functional theory to analyse the electronic properties of these functionalized GQDs and found that the functionalization significantly altered their electronic properties. For example, the B3LYP H-L gap of pristine triangulene was 3.9eV, while the H-L gap of functionalized triangulene ranged from 2.8 eV to 3.6 eV (using the B3LYP functional). Our results indicate that -NH2 functionalized phenalenyl and triangulene provide strong interaction with SO2, with adsorption energies of -0.429 eV and -0.427 eV, respectively. These adsorption properties exhibit physisorption, leading to high gas sensitivity and superior recovery time. The findings of this study provide new insights into the potential use of GQDs for detecting the decomposed constituents of sulfur hexafluoride, which can be beneficial for assessing the operation status of SF6 insulated devices. Overall, our calculations suggest that functionalized GQDs can be employed in gas insulated systems for partial discharge detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Roondhe
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Basant Roondhe
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sumit Saxena
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajeev Ahuja
- Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, 140001, Punjab, India
- Corresponding author. Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala 75120, Sweden.
| | - Alok Shukla
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
- Corresponding author.
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9
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Ahn M, Lee S, Kim MJ, Chae M, Cho DW, Wee KR. Systematic radical species control by electron push-pull substitution in the perylene-based D-π-A compounds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2283-2293. [PMID: 36741181 PMCID: PMC9837613 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06460j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic radical materials have been mainly reported on the stabilization of radical species because of their high energy and reactivity, while design strategies for controlling radical species beyond stabilization have remained challenging. Here, we report the electronic push-pull control spanning the neutral to the radical state of a series of perylene-based donor-π-acceptors (D-π-A). By introducing electron-withdrawing and -donating R groups to the donor of D-π-A, the observed intramolecular interactions controllable at the HOMO level led to the exploration of radical species. D-π-A with redox-active sites was transformed to (D-π-A)˙+ and (D-π-A)˙- in response to an external electrical stimulus under stabilization by perylene, resulting in new absorption peaks. In particular, the increasing absorption peaks of (D-π-A)˙+ showed a spectral shift and intensity change according to the R group, unlike those of (D-π-A)˙-. These experimental results support that the DFT/TD-DFT data suggests the radical cationic SOMO level variability. As a result, we provide a strategy for controlling the systematic radical species using the electron push-pull effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Natural Science, Daegu UniversityGyeongsan 38453Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Natural Science, Daegu UniversityGyeongsan 38453Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Natural Science, Daegu UniversityGyeongsan 38453Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Chae
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Natural Science, Daegu UniversityGyeongsan 38453Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk 38541Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ryang Wee
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Natural Science, Daegu UniversityGyeongsan 38453Republic of Korea
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10
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An epitaxial graphene platform for zero-energy edge state nanoelectronics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7814. [PMID: 36535919 PMCID: PMC9763431 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene's original promise to succeed silicon faltered due to pervasive edge disorder in lithographically patterned deposited graphene and the lack of a new electronics paradigm. Here we demonstrate that the annealed edges in conventionally patterned graphene epitaxially grown on a silicon carbide substrate (epigraphene) are stabilized by the substrate and support a protected edge state. The edge state has a mean free path that is greater than 50 microns, 5000 times greater than the bulk states and involves a theoretically unexpected Majorana-like zero-energy non-degenerate quasiparticle that does not produce a Hall voltage. In seamless integrated structures, the edge state forms a zero-energy one-dimensional ballistic network with essentially dissipationless nodes at ribbon-ribbon junctions. Seamless device structures offer a variety of switching possibilities including quantum coherent devices at low temperatures. This makes epigraphene a technologically viable graphene nanoelectronics platform that has the potential to succeed silicon nanoelectronics.
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11
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Han J, Zhao R, Guo Y, Qu Z, Gao J. Minimal Active Space for Diradicals Using Multistate Density Functional Theory. Molecules 2022; 27:3466. [PMID: 35684406 PMCID: PMC9182067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work explores the electronic structure as well as the reactivity of singlet diradicals, making use of multistate density functional theory (MSDFT). In particular, we show that a minimal active space of two electrons in two orbitals is adequate to treat the relative energies of the singlet and triplet adiabatic ground state as well as the first singlet excited state in many cases. This is plausible because dynamic correlation is included in the first place in the optimization of orbitals in each determinant state via block-localized Kohn-Sham density functional theory. In addition, molecular fragment, i.e., block-localized Kohn-Sham orbitals, are optimized separately for each determinant, providing a variational diabatic representation of valence bond-like states, which are subsequently used in nonorthogonal state interactions (NOSIs). The computational procedure and its performance are illustrated on some prototypical diradical species. It is shown that NOSI calculations in MSDFT can be used to model bond dissociation and hydrogen-atom transfer reactions, employing a minimal number of configuration state functions as the basis states. For p- and s-types of diradicals, the closed-shell diradicals are found to be more reactive than the open-shell ones due to a larger diabatic coupling with the final product state. Such a diabatic representation may be useful to define reaction coordinates for electron transfer, proton transfer and coupled electron and proton transfer reactions in condensed-phase simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Han
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China; (J.H.); (R.Z.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ruoqi Zhao
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China; (J.H.); (R.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China; (J.H.); (R.Z.); (Y.G.)
| | - Zexing Qu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China; (J.H.); (R.Z.); (Y.G.)
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Beijing (Peking) University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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12
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Bergman HM, Beattie DD, Kiel GR, Handford RC, Liu Y, Tilley TD. A sequential cyclization/π-extension strategy for modular construction of nanographenes enabled by stannole cycloadditions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5568-5573. [PMID: 35694352 PMCID: PMC9116291 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00397j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and related nanographenes requires the selective and efficient fusion of multiple aromatic rings. For this purpose, the Diels–Alder cycloaddition has proven especially useful; however, this approach currently faces significant limitations, including the lack of versatile strategies to access annulated dienes, the instability of the most commonly used dienes, and difficulties with aromatization of the [4 + 2] adduct. In this report we address these limitations via the marriage of two powerful cycloaddition strategies. First, a formal Cp2Zr-mediated [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition is used to generate a stannole-annulated PAH. Secondly, the stannoles are employed as diene components in a [4 + 2] cycloaddition/aromatization cascade with an aryne, enabling π-extension to afford a larger PAH. This discovery of stannoles as highly reactive – yet stable for handling – diene equivalents, and the development of a modular strategy for their synthesis, should significantly extend the structural scope of PAHs accessible by a [4 + 2] cycloaddition approach. Stannoles are introduced as a new, spontaneously aromatizing diene for [4 + 2] cycloadditions that can be easily introduced into diverse conjugated systems, facilitating the efficient synthesis of complex PAHs and their π-extension.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison M Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - D Dawson Beattie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Gavin R Kiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Rex C Handford
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
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13
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Ahmed J, Mandal SK. Phenalenyl Radical: Smallest Polycyclic Odd Alternant Hydrocarbon Present in the Graphene Sheet. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11369-11431. [PMID: 35561295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenalenyl, a zigzag-edged odd alternant hydrocarbon unit can be found in the graphene nanosheet. Hückel molecular orbital calculations indicate the presence of a nonbonding molecular orbital (NBMO), which originates from the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) arising from 13 carbon atoms of the phenalenyl molecule. Three redox states (cationic, neutral radical, and anionic) of the phenalenyl-based molecules were attributed to the presence of this NBMO. The cationic state can undergo two consecutive reductions to result in neutral radical and anionic states, stepwise, respectively. The phenalenyl-based radicals were found as crucial building blocks and attracted the attention of various research fields such as organic synthesis, material science, computation, and device physics. From 2012 onward, a strategy was devised using the cationic state of phenalenyl-based molecules and in situ generated phenalenyl radicals, which created a new domain of catalysis. The in situ generated phenalenyl radicals were utilized for the single electron transfer (SET) process resulting in redox catalysis. This emerging range of applications rejuvenates the more than six decades-old phenalenyl chemistry. This review captures such developments ranging from fundamental understanding to multidirectional applications of phenalenyl-based radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasimuddin Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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14
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Zhang W, Liu G, Cao J, Chen Y, Gao L, Liu G, Dai G, Wang Q. Synthesis and Properties of BN-embedded N-Perylene. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200340. [PMID: 35559597 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A B-N embedded nitrogen-annulated perylene has been successfully synthesized. The resultant molecule BN-NP is isoelectronic to coronene , but owns a five-membered pyrrole ring. Experiments and DFT calculations indicated that peripheral pyrrole and BN modifications endow BN-NP with various unique properties like bent structure, dual emission, efficient Lewis acidic response, peripheral aromaticity, narrowest energy band gap among all coronene isoelectronic structures and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhang
- Inner Mongolia University, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Guiru Liu
- Inner Mongolia University, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Jing Cao
- Inner Mongolia University, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Hangzhou Normal University, Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Lei Gao
- Inner Mongolia University, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Guanghua Liu
- Inner Mongolia University, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Gaole Dai
- Hangzhou Normal University, Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Qing Wang
- Inner Mongolia University, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 235 West University Street, 010021, Hohhot, CHINA
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15
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Biswas K, Yang L, Ma J, Sánchez-Grande A, Chen Q, Lauwaet K, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Écija D, Jelínek P, Feng X, Urgel JI. Defect-Induced π-Magnetism into Non-Benzenoid Nanographenes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:224. [PMID: 35055243 PMCID: PMC8780648 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of nanographenes (NGs) with open-shell ground states have recently attained increasing attention in view of their interesting physicochemical properties and great prospects in manifold applications as suitable materials within the rising field of carbon-based magnetism. A potential route to induce magnetism in NGs is the introduction of structural defects, for instance non-benzenoid rings, in their honeycomb lattice. Here, we report the on-surface synthesis of three open-shell non-benzenoid NGs (A1, A2 and A3) on the Au(111) surface. A1 and A2 contain two five- and one seven-membered rings within their benzenoid backbone, while A3 incorporates one five-membered ring. Their structures and electronic properties have been investigated by means of scanning tunneling microscopy, noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy complemented with theoretical calculations. Our results provide access to open-shell NGs with a combination of non-benzenoid topologies previously precluded by conventional synthetic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Biswas
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Lin Yang
- Center for Advancing Electronics, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (L.Y.); (X.F.)
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (L.Y.); (X.F.)
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Qifan Chen
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253 Praha, Czech Republic;
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
| | - José M. Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253 Praha, Czech Republic;
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (L.Y.); (X.F.)
| | - José I. Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
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16
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Murata T, Yamamoto Y, Ueda A, Ise T, Shiomi D, Sato K, Takui T, Morita Y. Synthesis and Physical Properties of Trioxotriangulene Having Methoxy and Hydroxy Groups at α-Positions: Electronic and Steric Effects of Substituent Groups and Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10154-10165. [PMID: 34282916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
New 4,8,12-trioxotriangulene (TOT) neutral radical derivatives having three methoxy and hydroxy groups at the α-positions were synthesized, and the substituent effects on the electronic spin and redox properties were elucidated in the theoretical and experimental methods. Due to the small SOMO coefficients at the α-positions of TOT, the methoxy groups in the TOT neutral radical had negligible effects on the electronic spin structure and redox ability. On the other hand, methoxy groups greatly increased the LUMO energy having large coefficients at α-positions and, thus, caused a remarkable negative-potential shift of the redox wave of anion species involving the dianion and trianion species. Converting the methoxy groups to hydroxy groups caused a dramatic change in the electronic structure of TOT, where the intramolecular hydrogen bonds between hydroxy groups and oxo groups strongly attracted a minus charge on the TOT skeleton. The HOMO energy of the monoanion species was significantly reduced, causing a blue shift of the HOMO-LUMO transition and an anodic shift of the redox potential. In addition, due to the steric repulsion smaller than that of the methoxy group, the hydroxy derivative showed a more planar molecular structure and a strong π-stacking ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology,1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa, Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ise
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yasushi Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology,1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa, Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan
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17
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Cai K, Zhang L, Astumian RD, Stoddart JF. Radical-pairing-induced molecular assembly and motion. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:447-465. [PMID: 37118435 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Radical-pairing interactions between conjugated organic π-radicals are relative newcomers to the inventory of molecular recognition motifs explored in supramolecular chemistry. The unique electronic, magnetic, optical and redox-responsive properties of the conjugated π-radicals render molecules designed with radical-pairing interactions useful for applications in various areas of chemistry and materials science. In particular, the ability to control formation of radical cationic or anionic species, by redox stimulation, provides a flexible trigger for directed assembly and controlled molecular motions, as well as a convenient means of inputting energy to fuel non-equilibrium processes. In this Review, we provide an overview of different examples of radical-pairing-based recognition processes and of their emerging use in (1) supramolecular assembly, (2) templation of mechanically interlocked molecules, (3) stimuli-controlled molecular switches and, by incorporation of kinetic asymmetry in the design, (4) the creation of unidirectional molecular transporters based on pumping cassettes powered by fuelled switching of radical-pairing interactions. We conclude the discussion with an outlook on future directions for the field.
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18
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Lu RQ, Zhuo YZ, Bao YH, Yang LL, Qu H, Tang X, Wang XC, Li ZH, Cao XY. Cyclopentadienone Derivative Dimers as Tunable Photoswitches. Chemistry 2021; 27:7882-7886. [PMID: 33780575 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of photoswitchable cyclopentadienone derivative dimers bearing bromo, thienyl, 4-(dimethylamino)phenyl, 3-pyridinyl, 4-nitrophenyl and cyano groups was designed and facilely synthesized. Photoswitching properties such as the photoconversions in the photostationary state (PSS), the thermal kinetics and thermal half-lives of photoisomers were systematically investigated. These photoswitches show high fatigue resistance and large photoconversions in the PSS. This work proves that the photoswitching properties of photoswitches based on cyclopentadienone dimers can be tuned by substitution groups and also pave the way to functionalize the cyclopentadienone derivative dimer-based photoswitch, which is important for its future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Qiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - You-Zhen Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Hua Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Chang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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19
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Rong MG, Wang J, Liu J. Toward Zigzag-edged Helical Nanographene Based on [7]Helicene. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1216-1220. [PMID: 33769686 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to their unique chemical and physical properties, zigzag-edged nanographenes have attracted increasing interest in recent years. Herein, a novel zigzag-edged nanographene (6) containing a [7]helicene subunit was designed and synthesized. However, because of the high reactivities of zigzag edges, compound 1 with a diketone structure was obtained owing to the oxidation of 6. The helical carbon skeleton of 1 is unambiguously revealed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography analysis. The photophysical properties of the precursor and helical diketone 1 are studied by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The electrochemical property of 1 is investigated by cyclic voltammetry, which was further studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations (ΔEg Cal =2.94 eV). The work reported here not only represents the synthesis of an unprecedented [7]helicene-embedded nanographene, but also provides the possibility for the synthesis of helical nanographenes with rich zigzag edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Guang Rong
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Junting Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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20
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Su J, Fan W, Mutombo P, Peng X, Song S, Ondráček M, Golub P, Brabec J, Veis L, Telychko M, Jelínek P, Wu J, Lu J. On-Surface Synthesis and Characterization of [7]Triangulene Quantum Ring. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:861-867. [PMID: 33305570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to engineer geometrically well-defined antidots in large triangulene homologues allows for creating an entire family of triangulene quantum rings (TQRs) with tunable high-spin ground state, crucial for next-generation molecular spintronic devices. Herein, we report the synthesis of an open-shell [7]triangulene quantum ring ([7]TQR) molecule on Au(111) through the surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation of a rationally designed kekulene derivative. Bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (BR-STM) unambiguously imaged the molecular backbone of a single [7]TQR with a triangular zigzag edge topology, which can be viewed as [7]triangulene decorated with a coronene-like antidot in the center. Additionally, dI/dV mapping reveals that both inner and outer zigzag edges contribute to the edge-localized and spin-polarized electronic states of [7]TQR. Both experimental results and spin-polarized density functional theory calculations indicate that [7]TQR retains its open-shell septuple ground state (S = 3) on Au(111). This work demonstrates a new route for the design of high-spin graphene quantum rings for future quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Su
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 16200, Czech Republic
| | - Xinnan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shaotang Song
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Martin Ondráček
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 16200, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlo Golub
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Brabec
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Veis
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Mykola Telychko
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 16200, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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21
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Zheng Y, Li C, Xu C, Beyer D, Yue X, Zhao Y, Wang G, Guan D, Li Y, Zheng H, Liu C, Liu J, Wang X, Luo W, Feng X, Wang S, Jia J. Designer spin order in diradical nanographenes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6076. [PMID: 33247127 PMCID: PMC7695855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnetic properties of carbon materials are at present the focus of intense research effort in physics, chemistry and materials science due to their potential applications in spintronics and quantum computing. Although the presence of spins in open-shell nanographenes has recently been confirmed, the ability to control magnetic coupling sign has remained elusive but highly desirable. Here, we demonstrate an effective approach of engineering magnetic ground states in atomically precise open-shell bipartite/nonbipartite nanographenes using combined scanning probe techniques and mean-field Hubbard model calculations. The magnetic coupling sign between two spins was controlled via breaking bipartite lattice symmetry of nanographenes. In addition, the exchange-interaction strength between two spins has been widely tuned by finely tailoring their spin density overlap, realizing a large exchange-interaction strength of 42 meV. Our demonstrated method provides ample opportunities for designer above-room-temperature magnetic phases and functionalities in graphene nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Doreen Beyer
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinlei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.,Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.,Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.,Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Canhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.,Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.,Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China. .,Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China. .,Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Dumslaff T, Gu Y, Paternò GM, Qiu Z, Maghsoumi A, Tommasini M, Feng X, Scotognella F, Narita A, Müllen K. Hexa- peri-benzocoronene with two extra K-regions in an ortho-configuration. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12816-12821. [PMID: 34094476 PMCID: PMC8163021 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04649c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There are three possible isomers for hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) with two extra K-regions, but only two of them have been reported, namely with the meta- and para-configurations. Herein, we describe the synthesis of HBC 4 with two extra K-regions in the ortho-configuration, forming a longer zigzag edge compared with the other two isomers. The structure of 4 was validated by laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, as well as Raman and infrared spectroscopies supported by density functional theory calculations. The optical properties of 4 were investigated by UV/vis absorption and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Together with the analysis of aromaticity, the influence of the zigzag edge on the π-conjugation pathway and HOMO–LUMO gaps of the three isomers were investigated. We reported the synthesis of hexa-peri-benzocoronene (HBC) with two extra K-regions adopting an ortho-configuration. The systematical study provides deep insights about the effect of zigzag edge on the π-conjugated pathway and molecular design.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Dumslaff
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Yanwei Gu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Giuseppe M Paternò
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Ali Maghsoumi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology Walther-Hempel-Bau Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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23
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Mahata A, Chandra S, Maiti A, Rao DK, Yildiz CB, Sarkar B, Jana A. α,α′-Diamino-p-quinodimethanes with Three Stable Oxidation States. Org Lett 2020; 22:8332-8336. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Mahata
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, India
| | - Shubhadeep Chandra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Fakultät Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Avijit Maiti
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, India
| | - D. Krishna Rao
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, India
| | - Cem B. Yildiz
- Department of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, University of Aksaray, Aksaray-68100, Turkey
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Fakultät Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, India
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24
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Liu J, Feng X. Maßgeschneiderte Synthese von Graphennanostrukturen mit Zickzack‐Rändern. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), und Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), und Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Deutschland
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25
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Liu J, Feng X. Synthetic Tailoring of Graphene Nanostructures with Zigzag-Edged Topologies: Progress and Perspectives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23386-23401. [PMID: 32720441 PMCID: PMC7756885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical investigations have revealed that the chemical and physical properties of graphene are crucially determined by their topological structures. Therefore, the atomically precise synthesis of graphene nanostructures is essential. A particular example is graphene nanostructures with zigzag-edged structures, which exhibit unique (opto)electronic and magnetic properties owing to their spin-polarized edge state. Recent progress in the development of synthetic methods and strategies as well as characterization methods has given access to this class of unprecedented graphene nanostructures, which used to be purely molecular objectives in theoretical chemistry. Thus, clear insight into the structure-property relationships has become possible as well as new applications in organic carbon-based electronic and spintronic devices. In this Minireview, we discuss the recent progress in the controlled synthesis of zigzag-edged graphene nanostructures with different topologies through a bottom-up synthetic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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26
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Sánchez‐Grande A, Urgel JI, Cahlík A, Santos J, Edalatmanesh S, Rodríguez‐Sánchez E, Lauwaet K, Mutombo P, Nachtigallová D, Nieman R, Lischka H, de la Torre B, Miranda R, Gröning O, Martín N, Jelínek P, Écija D. Diradical Organic One-Dimensional Polymers Synthesized on a Metallic Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17594-17599. [PMID: 32592432 PMCID: PMC7540677 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and characterization of atomically precise one-dimensional diradical peripentacene polymers on a Au(111) surface. By means of high-resolution scanning probe microscopy complemented by theoretical simulations, we provide evidence of their magnetic properties, which arise from the presence of two unpaired spins at their termini. Additionally, we probe a transition of their magnetic properties related to the length of the polymer. Peripentacene dimers exhibit an antiferromagnetic (S=0) singlet ground state. They are characterized by singlet-triplet spin-flip inelastic excitations with an effective exchange coupling (Jeff ) of 2.5 meV, whereas trimers and longer peripentacene polymers reveal a paramagnetic nature and feature Kondo fingerprints at each terminus due to the unpaired spin. Our work provides access to the precise fabrication of polymers featuring diradical character which are potentially useful in carbon-based optoelectronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José I. Urgel
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Aleš Cahlík
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science16253PrahaCzech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsPalacký University Olomouc77146OlomoucCzech Republic
| | - José Santos
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid28040MadridSpain
| | - Shayan Edalatmanesh
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science16253PrahaCzech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsPalacký University Olomouc77146OlomoucCzech Republic
| | | | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science16253PrahaCzech Republic
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsPalacký University Olomouc77146OlomoucCzech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science16000PrahaCzech Republic
| | - Reed Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409USA
| | - Hans Lischka
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science16253PrahaCzech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsPalacký University Olomouc77146OlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia CondensadaUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
| | - Oliver Gröning
- EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology8600DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Nazario Martín
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid28040MadridSpain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science16253PrahaCzech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsPalacký University Olomouc77146OlomoucCzech Republic
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
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27
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Shaikh AC, Moutet J, Veleta JM, Hossain MM, Bloch J, Astashkin AV, Gianetti TL. Persistent, highly localized, and tunable [4]helicene radicals. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11060-11067. [PMID: 34123196 PMCID: PMC8162278 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04850j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent organic radicals have gained considerable attention in the fields of catalysis and materials science. In particular, helical molecules are of great interest for the development and application of novel organic radicals in optoelectronic and spintronic materials. Here we report the syntheses of easily tunable and stable neutral quinolinoacridine radicals under anaerobic conditions by chemical reduction of their quinolinoacridinium cation analogs. The structures of these [4]helicene radicals were determined by X-ray crystallography. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, supported by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements, indicate that over 40% of spin density is located at the central carbon of our [4]helicene radicals regardless of their structural modifications. The localization of the charge promotes a reversible oxidation to the cation upon exposure to air. This unusual reactivity toward molecular oxygen was monitored via UV-Vis spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslam C Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
| | - Jules Moutet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
| | - José M Veleta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
| | - Md Mubarak Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
| | - Jan Bloch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Andrei V Astashkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
| | - Thomas L Gianetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
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28
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Zhao Y, Jiang K, Li C, Liu Y, Xu C, Zheng W, Guan D, Li Y, Zheng H, Liu C, Luo W, Jia J, Zhuang X, Wang S. Precise Control of π-Electron Magnetism in Metal-Free Porphyrins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18532-18540. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kaiyue Jiang
- The meso-Entropy Matter Lab, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenna Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dandan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Canhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Weidong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- The meso-Entropy Matter Lab, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
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29
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Tani F, Narita M, Murafuji T. Helicene Radicals: Molecules Bearing a Combination of Helical Chirality and Unpaired Electron Spin. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2093-2104. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumito Tani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Masahiro Narita
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Murafuji
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi 753-8512 Japan
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30
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Su X, Li C, Du Q, Tao K, Wang S, Yu P. Atomically Precise Synthesis and Characterization of Heptauthrene with Triplet Ground State. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6859-6864. [PMID: 32787160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
By virtue of multitunable spin structures upon designing the π-electron topologies, phenalenyl-based nanographenes are of substantial interest in fundamental science and for potential applications in spintronics. Heptauthrene, as one of the well-known phenalenyl diradicals, is composed of one benzene-fused bisphenalenyls in mirror symmetry and expected to have a triplet ground state. However, the synthesis of unsubstituted heptauthrene remains very challenging due to the high reactivity of triplet diradicals. Here, we report a combined in-solution and on-surface synthesis of unsubstituted heptauthrene, whose chemical structure is characterized through bond-resolved atomic force microscopy. Combined with mean-field Hubbard model calculations, its triplet ground state is unambiguously confirmed by the underscreened Kondo resonance in response to the magnetic field, as well as the engineered spin-state switching upon extra hydrogen atom addition and dissociation on the radical site. Our results provide access to phenalenyl-based nanographenes with high-spin ground state, potentially useful in constructing high-spin networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelei Su
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingyang Du
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Tao
- Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, 730000 LanZhou, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
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31
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Feofanov M, Akhmetov V, Sharapa DI, Amsharov K. Oxidative Electrocyclization of Diradicaloids: C-C Bonds for Free or How to Use Biradical Character for π-Extension. Org Lett 2020; 22:5741-5745. [PMID: 32551704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we show that biradical character and appropriate distribution of spin density can be used for synthetic purposes. We demonstrate the rational domino annulation that includes dehydrative π-extension (DPEX) as the initiation step and subsequent oxidative electrocyclizations (EC) promoted by favorable localization of the unpaired electrons enabling up to four C-C bonds formed during the reaction. Contradicting to the Woodward-Hoffmann rules, the reaction proceeds at room temperature, whereas termination occurs when biradical character vanishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Feofanov
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vladimir Akhmetov
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dmitry I Sharapa
- Institut für Katalyseforschung und -technologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany.,South Ural State University, pr. Lenina 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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32
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Sánchez‐Grande A, Urgel JI, Cahlík A, Santos J, Edalatmanesh S, Rodríguez‐Sánchez E, Lauwaet K, Mutombo P, Nachtigallová D, Nieman R, Lischka H, Torre B, Miranda R, Gröning O, Martín N, Jelínek P, Écija D. Diradical Organic One‐Dimensional Polymers Synthesized on a Metallic Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sánchez‐Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José I. Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Aleš Cahlík
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science 16253 Praha Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc 77146 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - José Santos
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Shayan Edalatmanesh
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science 16253 Praha Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc 77146 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | | | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science 16253 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc 77146 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science 16000 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Reed Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech University Lubbock TX 79409 USA
| | - Hans Lischka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech University Lubbock TX 79409 USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Bruno Torre
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science 16253 Praha Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc 77146 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Oliver Gröning
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Nazario Martín
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science 16253 Praha Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc 77146 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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33
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Ji L, Shi J, Wei J, Yu T, Huang W. Air-Stable Organic Radicals: New-Generation Materials for Flexible Electronics? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908015. [PMID: 32583945 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, air-stable organic radicals and radical polymers have attracted tremendous attention due to their outstanding performance in flexible electronic devices, including transistors, batteries, light-emitting diodes, thermoelectric and photothermal conversion devices, and among many others. The main issue of radicals from laboratory studies to real-world applications is that the number of known air-stable radicals is very limited, and the radicals that have been used as materials are even less. Here, the known and newly developed air-stable organic radicals are summarized, generalizing the way of observing air-stable radicals. The special electric and photophysical properties of organic radicals and radical polymers are interpreted, which give radicals a wide scope for various of potential applications. Finally, the exciting applications of radicals that have been achieved in flexible electronic devices are summarized. The aim herein is to highlight the recent achievements in radicals in chemistry, materials science, and flexible electronics, and further bridge the gap between these three disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Junqing Shi
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Juan Wei
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
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Lohr TG, Urgel JI, Eimre K, Liu J, Di Giovannantonio M, Mishra S, Berger R, Ruffieux P, Pignedoli CA, Fasel R, Feng X. On-Surface Synthesis of Non-Benzenoid Nanographenes by Oxidative Ring-Closure and Ring-Rearrangement Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13565-13572. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten G. Lohr
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - José I. Urgel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristjan Eimre
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shantanu Mishra
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Carlo A. Pignedoli
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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35
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Zheng Y, Li C, Zhao Y, Beyer D, Wang G, Xu C, Yue X, Chen Y, Guan DD, Li YY, Zheng H, Liu C, Luo W, Feng X, Wang S, Jia J. Engineering of Magnetic Coupling in Nanographene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:147206. [PMID: 32338972 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.147206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanographenes with sublattice imbalance host a net spin according to Lieb's theorem for bipartite lattices. Here, we report the on-surface synthesis of atomically precise nanographenes and their atomic-scale characterization on a gold substrate by using low-temperature noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Our results clearly confirm individual nanographenes host a single spin of S=1/2 via the Kondo effect. In covalently linked nanographene dimers, two spins are antiferromagnetically coupled with each other as revealed by inelastic spin-flip excitation spectroscopy. The magnetic exchange interaction in dimers can be well engineered by tuning the local spin density distribution near the connection region, consistent with mean-field Hubbard model calculations. Our work clearly reveals the emergence of magnetism in nanographenes and provides an efficient way to further explore the carbon-based magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Doreen Beyer
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Guanyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinlei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dan-Dan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yao-Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Canhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weidong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Cai K, Mao H, Liu WG, Qiu Y, Shi Y, Zhang L, Shen D, Chen H, Jiao Y, Wu H, Liu Z, Feng Y, Stern CL, Wasielewski MR, Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. Highly Stable Organic Bisradicals Protected by Mechanical Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7190-7197. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Haochuan Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wei-Guang Liu
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dengke Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L. Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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37
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Lin Z, Chen L, Xu Q, Shao G, Zeng Z, Wu D, Xia J. Tuning Biradical Character to Enable High and Balanced Ambipolar Charge Transport in a Quinoidal π-System. Org Lett 2020; 22:2553-2558. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohang Lin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Shao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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38
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Stoycheva J, Tadjer A, Garavelli M, Spassova M, Nenov A, Romanova J. Boron-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Molecular Set Revealing the Interplay between Topology and Singlet Fission Propensity. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1390-1396. [PMID: 31971385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the relationship between the topology (the way in which the atoms are connected), open-shell character, and singlet fission (SF) propensity in a series of diboron-doped anthracenes and phenanthrenes. The study is performed by using high-level wave-function-based quantum-chemical calculations. The results show that the molecular topology plays a crucial role for the optical properties and, respectively, for the SF propensity of the studied compounds. The topology-derived correlations between the structure and properties are interpreted in the light of the Kekulé hydrocarbons concept and serve as molecular design guidelines for the discovery of new SF materials. Finally, several boron-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are proposed as SF chromophores for organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stoycheva
- University of Sofia , Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Sofia 1164 , Bulgaria
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale , Università degli Studi di Bologna , Vialedel Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alia Tadjer
- University of Sofia , Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Sofia 1164 , Bulgaria
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale , Università degli Studi di Bologna , Vialedel Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Milena Spassova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , 1113 Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale , Università degli Studi di Bologna , Vialedel Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Julia Romanova
- University of Sofia , Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Sofia 1164 , Bulgaria
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39
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Kher-Elden MA, Piquero-Zulaica I, Abd El-Aziz KM, Ortega JE, Abd El-Fattah ZM. Metallic bands in chevron-type polyacenes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33844-33850. [PMID: 36303597 PMCID: PMC9528856 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06007k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present electronic structure calculations based on a single-parameter plane wave expansion method for basic graphene building blocks, namely n-oligophenylenes and n-oligoacenes, revealing excellent agreement with density-functional theory. When oligophenylene molecules are joined through meta (zigzag) or ortho (chevron) junctions, the resulting molecular dimers and polymers exhibit a semiconducting character. While zigzag dimers of oligoacenes also exhibit gapped electronic structures, their chevron-phase features a sharp metallic band at the Fermi energy. This zero-point-energy state, which transforms into Dirac-like band in chevron polymers, survives at the outer elbows of the dimer irrespective of the molecular length, and has the same origin as reported for the polyacetylene and topologically induced edge states at edge-decorated graphene nanoribbons. These findings assist the engineering of topological electronic states at the molecular level and complement the toolbox of quantum phases in carbon-based nanostructures. We present electronic structure calculations based on a single-parameter plane wave expansion method for molecular nanostructures revealing excellent agreement with density functional theory and predicting metallic bands for chevron molecular dimers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Kher-Elden
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884 Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Kamel M. Abd El-Aziz
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884 Cairo, Egypt
| | - J. Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco, San Sebastián, Spain
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40
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Stuyver T, Chen B, Zeng T, Geerlings P, De Proft F, Hoffmann R. Do Diradicals Behave Like Radicals? Chem Rev 2019; 119:11291-11351. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Stuyver
- Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca New York 14853, United States
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S5B6, Canada
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca New York 14853, United States
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41
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Mishra S, Beyer D, Eimre K, Liu J, Berger R, Gröning O, Pignedoli CA, Müllen K, Fasel R, Feng X, Ruffieux P. Synthesis and Characterization of π-Extended Triangulene. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10621-10625. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Mishra
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa − Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Doreen Beyer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristjan Eimre
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa − Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Gröning
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa − Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Carlo A. Pignedoli
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa − Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55021 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman Fasel
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa − Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa − Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Konishi A, Horii K, Shiomi D, Sato K, Takui T, Yasuda M. Open-Shell and Antiaromatic Character Induced by the Highly Symmetric Geometry of the Planar Heptalene Structure: Synthesis and Characterization of a Nonalternant Isomer of Bisanthene. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10165-10170. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Atomic
and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koki Horii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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44
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Kato K, Osuka A. Platforms for Stable Carbon‐Centered Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8978-8986. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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Gottlieb E, Matyjaszewski K, Kowalewski T. Polymer-Based Synthetic Routes to Carbon-Based Metal-Free Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804626. [PMID: 30368931 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbons are increasingly important as possible alternatives to expensive metal catalysts owing to the wide range of chemical properties they can exhibit and the growing set of synthetic routes available to produce them. This progress report discusses the process of making catalytic carbons from polymeric precursors, focusing on mechanisms of carbonization and how the polymer structures and synthetic procedures affect the resulting carbons. In considering what is necessary to move laboratory catalytic carbons to industrial and commercial applications, the cost and complexity to produce them are a considerable challenge to overcome. Industrially produced carbons are typically made from biopolymers such as lignin while many of the catalytic carbons studied in literature are from synthetic polymers. Thus, studying polymer-derived carbons can provide insights into the carbonization process and the properties of catalytic carbons, which can subsequently be translated to improve biopolymer-derived carbons in an economical way. Aspects of polymer carbonization discussed include carbonization mechanisms, effects of crosslinkers, polymer microstructure, heteroatom control, and effects of nanostructuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gottlieb
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tomasz Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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46
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Richter M, Fu Y, Dmitrieva E, Weigand JJ, Popov A, Berger R, Liu J, Feng X. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Containing A Pyrrolopyridazine Core. Chempluschem 2019; 84:613-618. [PMID: 31944030 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylides (PAMYs) are versatile building blocks for the bottom-up construction of unprecedented nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (N-PAHs). Here, we demonstrate the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between PAMY and 1,4-diphenylbut-2-yne-1,4-dione and the subsequent condensation reaction with hydrazine, which led to unique N-PAHs with a phenyl-substituted pyrrolopyridazine core (PP-1 and PP-2). The molecular structures of pristine PP-1 and tert-butyl-substituted PP-2 were verified by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Moreover, the structure of PP-2 was unambiguously elucidated by X-ray single crystal analysis. The optoelectronic properties were investigated by solvent-dependent UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that PP-1 and PP-2 exhibit push-pull behavior. Furthermore, in situ EPR/UV-Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry allowed the detailed insight into the spectroscopic properties and spin distribution of radical cation species of PP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Richter
- Dresden University of Technology, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Functional Materials, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Dresden University of Technology, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Functional Materials, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Nanoscale Chemistry, Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Dresden University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Nanoscale Chemistry, Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Dresden University of Technology, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Functional Materials, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Dresden University of Technology, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Functional Materials, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Dresden University of Technology, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Functional Materials, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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47
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Wehrmann CM, Charlton RT, Chen MS. A Concise Synthetic Strategy for Accessing Ambient Stable Bisphenalenyls toward Achieving Electroactive Open-Shell π-Conjugated Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3240-3248. [PMID: 30689950 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Open-shell, π-conjugated molecules represent exciting next-generation materials due to their unique optoelectronic and magnetic properties and their potential to exploit unpaired spin densities to engineer exceptionally close π-π interactions. However, prior syntheses of ambient stable, open-shell molecules required lengthy routes and displayed intermolecular spin-spin coupling with limited dimensionality. Here we report a general fragment-coupling strategy with phenalenone that enables the rapid construction of both biradicaloid (Ph2- s-IDPL, 1) and radical [10(OTf)] bisphenalenyls in ≤7 steps from commercial starting materials. Significantly, we have discovered an electronically stabilized π-radical cation [10(OTf)] that shows multiple intermolecular closer-than-vdW contacts (<3.4 Å) in its X-ray crystal structure. DFT simulations reveal that each of these close π-π interactions allows for intermolecular spin-spin coupling to occur and suggests that 10(OTf) achieves electrostatically enhanced intermolecular covalent-bonding interactions in two dimensions. Single crystal devices were fabricated from 10(OTf) and demonstrate average electrical conductivities of 1.31 × 10-2 S/cm. Overall, these studies highlight the practical synthesis and device application of a new π-conjugated material, based on a design principle that promises to facilitate spin and charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M Wehrmann
- Department of Chemistry , Lehigh University , Bethlehem , Pennsylvania 18015-3102 , United States
| | - Ryan T Charlton
- Department of Chemistry , Lehigh University , Bethlehem , Pennsylvania 18015-3102 , United States
| | - Mark S Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Lehigh University , Bethlehem , Pennsylvania 18015-3102 , United States
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48
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Poidevin C, Paciok P, Heggen M, Auer AA. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and electronic structure theory investigation of platinum nanoparticles on carbon black. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:041705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5047666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Poidevin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Paul Paciok
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy With Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy With Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander A. Auer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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49
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Konishi A, Okada Y, Kishi R, Nakano M, Yasuda M. Enhancement of Antiaromatic Character via Additional Benzoannulation into Dibenzo[a,f]pentalene: Syntheses and Properties of Benzo[a]naphtho[2,1-f]pentalene and Dinaphtho[2,1-a,f]pentalene. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:560-571. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yui Okada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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50
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Maruyama M, Okada S. Energetics and Electronic Structure of Triangular Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoflakes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16657. [PMID: 30413786 PMCID: PMC6226470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the energetics and electronic structures of hexagonal boron nitrogen (h-BN) nanoflakes with hydrogenated edges and triangular shapes with respect to the edge atom species. Our calculations clarified that the hydrogenated h-BN nanoflakes with a triangular shape prefer the N edges rather than B edges irrespective of the flake size. The electronic structure of hydrogenated h-BN nanoflakes depends on the edge atom species and their flake size. The energy gap between the lowest unoccupied (LU) and the highest occupied (HO) states of the nanoflakes with N edges is narrower than that of the nanoflakes with B edges and the band gap of h-BN. The nanoflakes possess peculiar non-bonding states around their HO and LU states for the N and B edges, respectively, which cause spin polarization under hole or electron doping, depending on the edge atom species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Maruyama
- University of Tsukuba, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Susumu Okada
- University of Tsukuba, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
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