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Camacho MJ, Albuquerque DC, de Andrade E, Martins VC, Inácio ML, Mota M, Freitas PP. A Lab-on-a-Chip Approach for the Detection of the Quarantine Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera pallida. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:647. [PMID: 36679443 PMCID: PMC9861625 DOI: 10.3390/s23020647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The potato cyst nematode (PCN), Globodera pallida, has acquired significant importance throughout Europe due to its widespread prevalence and negative effects on potato production. Thus, rapid and reliable diagnosis of PCN is critical during surveillance programs and for the implementation of control measures. The development of innovative technologies to overcome the limitations of current methodologies in achieving early detection is needed. Lab-on-a-chip devices can swiftly and accurately detect the presence of certain nucleotide sequences with high sensitivity and convert the presence of biological components into an understandable electrical signal by combining biosensors with microfluidics-based biochemical analysis. In this study, a specific DNA-probe sequence and PCR primers were designed to be used in a magnetoresistive biosensing platform to amplify the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA of G. pallida. Magnetic nanoparticles were used as the labelling agents of asymmetric PCR product through biotin−streptavidin interaction. Upon target hybridization to sensor immobilized oligo probes, the fringe field created by the magnetic nanoparticles produces a variation in the sensor’s electrical resistance. The detection signal corresponds to the concentration of target molecules present in the sample. The results demonstrate the suitability of the magnetic biosensor to detect PCR target product and the specificity of the probe, which consistently distinguishes G. pallida (DV/V > 1%) from other cyst nematodes (DV/V < 1%), even when DNA mixtures were tested at different concentrations. This shows the magnetic biosensor’s potential as a bioanalytical device for field applications and border phytosanitary inspections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Camacho
- INIAV, I.P.—National Institute for Agriculture and Veterinary Research, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal
- NemaLab, MED–Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Débora C. Albuquerque
- INESC-MN- Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
- IST—Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eugénia de Andrade
- INIAV, I.P.—National Institute for Agriculture and Veterinary Research, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Maria L. Inácio
- INIAV, I.P.—National Institute for Agriculture and Veterinary Research, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel Mota
- NemaLab, MED–Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Paulo P. Freitas
- INESC-MN- Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
- INL—International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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2
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Luo J, Xue N, Chen J. A Review: Research Progress of Neural Probes for Brain Research and Brain-Computer Interface. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12121167. [PMID: 36551135 PMCID: PMC9775442 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Neural probes, as an invasive physiological tool at the mesoscopic scale, can decipher the code of brain connections and communications from the cellular or even molecular level, and realize information fusion between the human body and external machines. In addition to traditional electrodes, two new types of neural probes have been developed in recent years: optoprobes based on optogenetics and magnetrodes that record neural magnetic signals. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of these three kinds of neural probes. We firstly discuss the development of microelectrodes and strategies for their flexibility, which is mainly represented by the selection of flexible substrates and new electrode materials. Subsequently, the concept of optogenetics is introduced, followed by the review of several novel structures of optoprobes, which are divided into multifunctional optoprobes integrated with microfluidic channels, artifact-free optoprobes, three-dimensional drivable optoprobes, and flexible optoprobes. At last, we introduce the fundamental perspectives of magnetoresistive (MR) sensors and then review the research progress of magnetrodes based on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ning Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Prabowo BA, Sousa C, Cardoso S, Freitas P, Fernandes E. Labeling on a Chip of Cellular Fibronectin and Matrix Metallopeptidase-9 in Human Serum. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1722. [PMID: 36296077 PMCID: PMC9611906 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a microfluidic chip for protein labeling in the human serum-based matrix. Serum is a complex sample matrix that contains a variety of proteins, and a matrix is used in many clinical tests. In this study, the device performance was tested using commercial serum samples from healthy donors spiked with the following target proteins: cellular fibronectin (c-Fn) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9). The microfluidic molds were fabricated using micro milling on acrylic and using stereolithography (SLA) three-dimensional (3D) printing for an alternative method and comparison. A simple quality control was performed for both fabrication mold methods to inspect the channel height of the chip that plays a critical role in the labeling process. The fabricated microfluidic chip shows a good reproducibility and repeatability of the performance for the optimized channel height of 150 µm. The spiked proteins of c-Fn and MMP9 in the human serum-based matrix, were successfully labeled by the functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The biomarker labeling occurring in the serum was compared using a simple matrix sample: phosphate buffer. The measured signals obtained by using a magnetoresistive (MR) biochip platform showed that the labeling using the proposed microfluidic chip is in good agreement for both matrixes, i.e., the analytical performance (sensitivity) obtained with the serum, near the relevant cutoff values, is within the uncertainty of the measurements obtained with a simple and more controlled matrix: phosphate buffer. This finding is promising for stroke patient stratification where these biomarkers are found at high concentrations in the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carole Sousa
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana Cardoso
- INESC-MN– Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering-Microsystems and Nanotechnologies,1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Freitas
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Fernandes
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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4
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Manzin A, Ferrero R, Vicentini M. Application of Magnonic Crystals in Magnetic Bead Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3278. [PMID: 36234407 PMCID: PMC9565837 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims at studying a sensor concept for possible integration in magnetic field-based lab-on-chip devices that exploit ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) phenomena in magnonic crystals. The focus is on 2D magnetic antidot arrays, i.e., magnetic thin films with periodic non-magnetic inclusions (holes), recently proposed as magnetic field sensor elements operating in the gigahertz (GHz) range. The sensing mechanism is here demonstrated for magnetic nano/microbeads adsorbed on the surface of permalloy (Ni80Fe20) antidot arrays with a rhomboid lattice structure and variable hole size. Through extensive micromagnetic modelling analysis, it is shown that the antidot arrays can be used as both bead traps and high-sensitivity detectors, with performance that can be tuned as a function of bead size and magnetic moment. A key parameter for the detection mechanism is the antidot array hole size, which affects the FMR frequency shifts associated with the interaction between the magnetization configuration in the nanostructured film and the bead stray field. Possible applications of the proposed device concept include magnetic immunoassays, using magnetic nano/microbeads as probes for biomarker detection, and biomaterial manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Manzin
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ferrero
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Vicentini
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), 10135 Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
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Ramesh AK, Chou YT, Lu MT, Singh P, Tseng YC. Biological sensing using anomalous hall effect devices. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:335502. [PMID: 35504249 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6c32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper outlines an approach to biological sensing involving the use of spintronic devices to sense magnetic particles attached to biological carriers. We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based Anomalous Hall Effect magnetic sensor via surface functionalization using Triethoxysilylundecanal (TESUD). The proposed sensor uses a CoFeB/MgO heterostructure with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Through several sets of magnetic layer thickness, this work also explored the optimization process of ferromagnetic layer used. Our spintronics-based biosensor is compatible with semiconductor fabrication technology and can be effectively miniaturized to integrate with semiconductor chips, which has the advantage of reduced manufacturing cost and reduced power consumption. The proposed sensor provides real-time measurement results and it is competitive to conventional biological colorimetric measurement systems in terms of accuracy and immediacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil K Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010, Taiwan
- Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Yi-Ting Chou
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Ting Lu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Pushparaj Singh
- Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Yuan-Chieh Tseng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010, Taiwan
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Prabowo BA, Fernandes E, Freitas P. A pump-free microfluidic device for fast magnetic labeling of ischemic stroke biomarkers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2571-2583. [PMID: 35088131 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This research proposes a low-cost and simple operation microfluidic chip to enhance the magnetic labeling efficiency of two ischemic stroke biomarkers: cellular fibronectin (c-Fn) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9). This fully portable and pump-free microfluidic chip is operated based on capillary attractions without any external power source and battery. It uses an integrated cellulose sponge to absorb the samples. At the same time, a magnetic field is aligned to hold the target labeled by the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the pre-concentrated chamber. By using this approach, the specific targets are labeled from the beginning of the sampling process without preliminary sample purification. The proposed study enhanced the labeling efficiency from 1 h to 15 min. The dynamic interactions occur in the serpentine channel, while the crescent formation of MNPs in the pre-concentrated chamber, acting as a magnetic filter, improves the biomarker-MNP interaction. The labeling optimization by the proposed device influences the dynamic range by optimizing the MNP ratio to fit the linear range across the clinical cutoff value. The limits of detection (LODs) of 2.8 ng/mL and 54.6 ng/mL of c-Fn measurement were achieved for undiluted and four times dilutions of MNP, respectively. While for MMP9, the LODs were 11.5 ng/mL for undiluted functionalized MNP and 132 ng/mL for four times dilutions of functionalized MNP. The results highlight the potential use of this device for clinical sample preparation and specific magnetic target labeling. When combined with a detection system, it could also be used as an integrated component of a point-of-care platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briliant Adhi Prabowo
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, s/n 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Fernandes
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, s/n 4715-330, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Freitas
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, s/n 4715-330, Braga, Portugal.
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Chícharo A, Caetano DM, Cardoso S, Freitas P. Evolution in Automatized Detection of Cells: Advances in Magnetic Microcytometers for Cancer Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:413-444. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Perkinson CF, Einzinger M, Finley J, Bawendi MG, Baldo MA. Magnetic-Field-Switchable Laser via Optical Pumping of Rubrene. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2103870. [PMID: 34793612 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric optical imaging of magnetic fields is challenging with existing magneto-optical materials, motivating the search for dyes with strong magnetic field interactions, distinct emission spectra, and an ability to withstand high photon flux and incorporation within samples. Here, the magnetic field effect on singlet-exciton fission is exploited to demonstrate spatial imaging of magnetic fields in a thin film of rubrene. Doping rubrene with the high-quantum yield dye dibenzotetraphenylperiflanthene (DBP) is shown to enable optically pumped, slab waveguide lasing. This laser is magnetic-field-switchable: when operated just below the lasing threshold, application of a 0.4 T magnetic field switches the device between nonlasing and lasing modes, accompanied by an intensity modulation of +360%. This is thought to be the first demonstration of a magnetically switchable laser, as well as the largest magnetically induced change in emission brightness in a singlet-fission material to date. These results demonstrate that singlet-fission materials are promising materials for magnetic sensing applications and could inspire a new class of magneto-optical modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin F Perkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Markus Einzinger
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joseph Finley
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Marc A Baldo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Abstract
Magnetoresistance (MR) is the variation of a material’s resistivity under the presence of external magnetic fields. Reading heads in hard disk drives (HDDs) are the most common applications of MR sensors. Since the discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in the 1980s and the application of GMR reading heads in the 1990s, the MR sensors lead to the rapid developments of the HDDs’ storage capacity. Nowadays, MR sensors are employed in magnetic storage, position sensing, current sensing, non-destructive monitoring, and biomedical sensing systems. MR sensors are used to transfer the variation of the target magnetic fields to other signals such as resistance change. This review illustrates the progress of developing nanoconstructed MR materials/structures. Meanwhile, it offers an overview of current trends regarding the applications of MR sensors. In addition, the challenges in designing/developing MR sensors with enhanced performance and cost-efficiency are discussed in this review.
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Gudkov SV, Burmistrov DE, Serov DA, Rebezov MB, Semenova AA, Lisitsyn AB. Do Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Have Significant Antibacterial Properties? ANTIBIOTICS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070884. [PMID: 34356805 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2021.641481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of metal oxide nanoparticles is one of the promising ways for overcoming antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have found wide applications in different fields of biomedicine. Several studies have suggested using the antimicrobial potential of IONPs. Iron is one of the key microelements and plays an important role in the function of living systems of different hierarchies. Iron abundance and its physiological functions bring into question the ability of iron compounds at the same concentrations, on the one hand, to inhibit the microbial growth and, on the other hand, to positively affect mammalian cells. At present, multiple studies have been published that show the antimicrobial effect of IONPs against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Several studies have established that IONPs have a low toxicity to eukaryotic cells. It gives hope that IONPs can be considered potential antimicrobial agents of the new generation that combine antimicrobial action and high biocompatibility with the human body. This review is intended to inform readers about the available data on the antimicrobial properties of IONPs, a range of susceptible bacteria, mechanisms of the antibacterial action, dependence of the antibacterial action of IONPs on the method for synthesis, and the biocompatibility of IONPs with eukaryotic cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy E Burmistrov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A Serov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maksim B Rebezov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Semenova
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey B Lisitsyn
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia
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Gudkov SV, Burmistrov DE, Serov DA, Rebezov MB, Semenova AA, Lisitsyn AB. Do Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Have Significant Antibacterial Properties? Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:884. [PMID: 34356805 PMCID: PMC8300809 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of metal oxide nanoparticles is one of the promising ways for overcoming antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have found wide applications in different fields of biomedicine. Several studies have suggested using the antimicrobial potential of IONPs. Iron is one of the key microelements and plays an important role in the function of living systems of different hierarchies. Iron abundance and its physiological functions bring into question the ability of iron compounds at the same concentrations, on the one hand, to inhibit the microbial growth and, on the other hand, to positively affect mammalian cells. At present, multiple studies have been published that show the antimicrobial effect of IONPs against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Several studies have established that IONPs have a low toxicity to eukaryotic cells. It gives hope that IONPs can be considered potential antimicrobial agents of the new generation that combine antimicrobial action and high biocompatibility with the human body. This review is intended to inform readers about the available data on the antimicrobial properties of IONPs, a range of susceptible bacteria, mechanisms of the antibacterial action, dependence of the antibacterial action of IONPs on the method for synthesis, and the biocompatibility of IONPs with eukaryotic cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.E.B.); (D.A.S.); (M.B.R.)
| | - Dmitriy E. Burmistrov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.E.B.); (D.A.S.); (M.B.R.)
| | - Dmitriy A. Serov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.E.B.); (D.A.S.); (M.B.R.)
| | - Maksim B. Rebezov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.E.B.); (D.A.S.); (M.B.R.)
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Anastasia A. Semenova
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Andrey B. Lisitsyn
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (A.B.L.)
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12
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Cunha AP, Henriques R, Cardoso S, Freitas PP, Carvalho CM. Rapid and multiplex detection of nosocomial pathogens on a phage-based magnetoresistive lab-on-chip platform. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3164-3174. [PMID: 34037981 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nosocomial or hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) have a major impact on mortality worldwide. Enterococcus and Staphylococcus are among the leading causes of HAIs and thus are important pathogens to control mainly due to their increased antibiotic resistance. The gold-standard diagnostic methods for HAIs are time-consuming, which hinders timely and adequate treatment. Therefore, the development of fast and accurate diagnostic tools is an urgent demand. In this study, we combined the sensitivity of magnetoresistive (MR) sensors, the portability of a lab-on-chip platform, and the specificity of phage receptor binding proteins (RBPs) as probes for the rapid and multiplex detection of Enterococcus and Staphylococcus. For this, bacterial cells were firstly labelled with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with RBPs and then measured on the MR sensors. The results indicate that the RBP-MNPS provided a specific individual and simultaneous capture of more than 70% of Enterococcus and Staphylococcus cells. Moreover, high signals from the MR sensors were obtained for these samples, providing the detection of both pathogens at low concentrations (10 CFU/ml) in less than 2 h. Overall, the lab-on-chip MR platform herein presented holds great potential to be used as a point-of-care for the rapid, sensitive and specific multiplex diagnosis of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Cunha
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal.,Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Raquel Henriques
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Cardoso
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo P Freitas
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla M Carvalho
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
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13
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Liu Y, Lin G, Chen Y, Mönch I, Makarov D, Walsh BJ, Jin D. Coding and decoding stray magnetic fields for multiplexing kinetic bioassay platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4561-4571. [PMID: 33146648 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00848f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymer microspheres can be fluorescently-coded for multiplexing molecular analysis, but their usage has been limited by fluorescent quenching and bleaching and crowded spectral domain with issues of cross-talks and background interference. Each bioassay step of mixing and separation of analytes and reagents require off-line particle handling procedures. Here, we report that stray magnetic fields can code and decode a collection of hierarchically-assembled beads. By the microfluidic assembling of mesoscopic superparamagnetic cores, diverse and non-volatile stray magnetic field response can be built in the series of microscopic spheres, dumbbells, pears, chains and triangles. Remarkably, the set of stray magnetic field fingerprints are readily discerned by a compact giant magnetoresistance sensor for parallelised screening of multiple distinctive pathogenic DNAs. This opens up the magneto-multiplexing opportunity and could enable streamlined assays to incorporate magneto-mixing, washing, enrichment and separation of analytes. This strategy therefore suggests a potential point-of-care testing solution for efficient kinetic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Gungun Lin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Ingolf Mönch
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bradley J Walsh
- Minomic International Ltd, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia. and UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Point-of-care quantification of serum cellular fibronectin levels for stratification of ischemic stroke patients. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 30:102287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Wetterau L, Abert C, Suess D, Albrecht M, Witzigmann B. Micromagnetic Simulations of Submicron Vortex Structures for the Detection of Superparamagnetic Labels. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:s20205819. [PMID: 33076250 PMCID: PMC7602454 DOI: 10.3390/s20205819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a numerical investigation on the detection of superparamagnetic labels using a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) vortex structure. For this purpose, the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation was solved numerically applying an external z-field for the activation of the superparamagnetic label. Initially, the free layer's magnetization change due to the stray field of the label is simulated. The electric response of the GMR sensor is calculated by applying a self-consistent spin-diffusion model to the precomputed magnetization configurations. It is shown that the soft-magnetic free layer reacts on the stray field of the label by shifting the magnetic vortex orthogonally to the shift direction of the label. As a consequence, the electric potential of the GMR sensor changes significantly for label shifts parallel or antiparallel to the pinning of the fixed layer. Depending on the label size and its distance to the sensor, the GMR sensor responds, changing the electric potential from 26.6 mV to 28.3 mV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wetterau
- Computational Electronics and Photonics and CINSaT, University of Kassel, 34121 Kassel, Germany;
| | - Claas Abert
- Physics of Functional Materials, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Dieter Suess
- Physics of Functional Materials, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Manfred Albrecht
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Bernd Witzigmann
- Computational Electronics and Photonics and CINSaT, University of Kassel, 34121 Kassel, Germany;
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16
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Jin Z, Wang Y, Fujiwara K, Oogane M, Ando Y. Detection of Small Magnetic Fields Using Serial Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with Various Geometrical Characteristics. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20195704. [PMID: 33036470 PMCID: PMC7583831 DOI: 10.3390/s20195704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to their high magnetoresistance and integration capability, magnetic tunnel junction-based magnetoresistive sensors are widely utilized to detect weak, low-frequency magnetic fields in a variety of applications. The low detectivity of MTJs is necessary to obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio when detecting small variations in magnetic fields. We fabricated serial MTJ-based sensors with various junction area and free-layer electrode aspect ratios. Our investigation showed that their sensitivity and noise power are affected by the MTJ geometry due to the variation in the magnetic shape anisotropy. Their MR curves demonstrated a decrease in sensitivity with an increase in the aspect ratio of the free-layer electrode, and their noise properties showed that MTJs with larger junction areas exhibit lower noise spectral density in the low-frequency region. All of the sensors were able detect a small AC magnetic field (Hrms = 0.3 Oe at 23 Hz). Among the MTJ sensors we examined, the sensor with a square-free layer and large junction area exhibited a high signal-to-noise ratio (4792 ± 646). These results suggest that MTJ geometrical characteristics play a critical role in enhancing the detectivity of MTJ-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhu Jin
- Department of Applied Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980–8579, Japan; (Y.W.); (M.O.); (Y.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980–8579, Japan; (Y.W.); (M.O.); (Y.A.)
| | | | - Mikihiko Oogane
- Department of Applied Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980–8579, Japan; (Y.W.); (M.O.); (Y.A.)
- Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics (Core Research Cluster), Tohoku University, Sendai 980–8577, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, Sendai 980–8579, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ando
- Department of Applied Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980–8579, Japan; (Y.W.); (M.O.); (Y.A.)
- Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics (Core Research Cluster), Tohoku University, Sendai 980–8577, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, Sendai 980–8579, Japan
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17
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Reviewing Magnetic Particle Preparation: Exploring the Viability in Biosensing. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20164596. [PMID: 32824330 PMCID: PMC7471997 DOI: 10.3390/s20164596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, we conceptually investigated the requirements of magnetic nanoparticles for their application in biosensing and related them to example systems of our thin-film portfolio. Analyzing intrinsic magnetic properties of different magnetic phases, the size range of the magnetic particles was determined, which is of potential interest for biosensor technology. Different e-beam lithography strategies are utilized to identify possible ways to realize small magnetic particles targeting this size range. Three different particle systems from 500 μm to 50 nm are produced for this purpose, aiming at tunable, vertically magnetized synthetic antiferromagnets, martensitic transformation in a single elliptical, disc-shaped Heusler Ni50Mn32.5Ga17.5 particle and nanocylinders of Co2MnSi-Heusler compound. Perspectively, new applications for these particle systems in combination with microfluidics are addressed. Using the concept of a magnetic on–off ratchet, the most suitable particle system of these three materials is validated with respect to magnetically-driven transport in a microfluidic channel. In addition, options are also discussed for improving the magnetic ratchet for larger particles.
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18
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Ren C, Bayin Q, Feng S, Fu Y, Ma X, Guo J. Biomarkers detection with magnetoresistance-based sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112340. [PMID: 32729483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Biosensing platforms for detecting and quantifying biomarkers have played an important role in the past decade. Among them, platforms based on magnetoresistance (MR) sensing technology are attractive. The resistance value of the material changes with the externally applied magnetic field is the core mechanism of MR sensing technology. A typical MR-based sensor has the characteristics of cost-effective, simple operation, high compactness, and high sensitivity. Moreover, using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as labels, MR-based sensors have the ability to overcome the high background noise of complex samples, so they are particularly suitable for point-of-care testing (POCT). However, the problem still exists. How to obtain high-throughput, that is, multiple detections of biomarkers in MR-based sensors, thereby improving detection efficiency and reducing the burden on patients is an important issue in future work. This paper reviews three MR-based detection technologies for the detection of biomarkers, i.e., anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR), giant magnetoresistance (GMR), and tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR). Based on these three common technologies, different typical applications that include biomedical diagnosis, food safety, and environmental monitoring are presented. Furthermore, the existing MR-based detection method is better expanded to make it more in line with present detection needs by combining different advanced technologies including microfluidics, Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and Immunochromatographic test strips (ICTS). And then, a brief discussion of current challenges and perspectives of MR-based sensors are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Ren
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Qiaoge Bayin
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Shilun Feng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yusheng Fu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Xing Ma
- State Key Lab of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China.
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19
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Viveiros S, Rodrigues M, Albuquerque D, Martins SAM, Cardoso S, Martins VC. Multiple Bacteria Identification in the Point-of-Care: an Old Method Serving a New Approach. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20123351. [PMID: 32545686 PMCID: PMC7349726 DOI: 10.3390/s20123351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis of bacterial infections is of critical importance for effective treatment decisions. Due to the multietiologic nature of most infectious diseases, multiplex assays are essential for diagnostics. However, multiplexability in nucleic acid amplification-based methods commonly resorts to multiple primers and/or multiple reaction chambers, which increases analysis cost and complexity. Herein, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offer method based on a universal pair of primers and an array of specific oligonucleotide probes was developed through the analysis of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The detection system consisted of DNA hybridization over an array of magnetoresistive sensors in a microfabricated biochip coupled to an electronic reader. Immobilized probes interrogated single-stranded biotinylated amplicons and were obtained using asymmetric PCR. Moreover, they were magnetically labelled with streptavidin-coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles. The benchmarking of the system was demonstrated to detect five major bovine mastitis-causing pathogens: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, and Streptococcus agalactiae. All selected probes proved to specifically detect their respective amplicon without significant cross reactivity. A calibration curve was performed for S. agalactiae, which demonstrates demonstrating a limit of detection below 30 fg/µL. Thus, a sensitive and specific multiplex detection assay was established, demonstrating its potential as a bioanalytical device for point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Viveiros
- Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.V.); (D.A.); (S.C.)
- INESC-MN- Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Mónica Rodrigues
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Débora Albuquerque
- Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.V.); (D.A.); (S.C.)
- INESC-MN- Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | | | - Susana Cardoso
- Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.V.); (D.A.); (S.C.)
- INESC-MN- Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Verónica C. Martins
- INESC-MN- Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-213100237
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20
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Huang CC, Ray P, Chan M, Zhou X, Hall DA. An aptamer-based magnetic flow cytometer using matched filtering. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112362. [PMID: 32911314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Facing unprecedented population-ageing, the management of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) urgently needs a point-of-care (PoC) testing infrastructure. Magnetic flow cytometers are one such solution for rapid cancer cellular detection in a PoC setting. In this work, we report a giant magnetoresistive spin-valve (GMR SV) biosensor array with a multi-stripe sensor geometry and matched filtering to improve detection accuracy without compromising throughput. The carefully designed sensor geometry generates a characteristic signature when cells labeled with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) pass by thus enabling multi-parametric measurement like optical flow cytometers (FCMs). Enumeration and multi-parametric information were successfully measured across two decades of throughput (37 - 2730 cells/min). 10-μm polymer microspheres were used as a biomimetic model where MNPs and MNP-decorated polymer conjugates were flown over the GMR SV sensor array and detected with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as low as 2.5 dB due to the processing gain afforded by the matched filtering. The performance was compared against optical observation, exhibiting a 92% detection efficiency. The system achieved a 95% counting accuracy for biomimetic models and 98% for aptamer-based pancreatic cancer cell detection. This system demonstrates the ability to perform reliable flow cytometry toward PoC diagnostics to benefit NCD control plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Huang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Partha Ray
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Matthew Chan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Xiahan Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Drew A Hall
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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21
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Martins SAM, Martins VC, Cardoso FA, Germano J, Rodrigues M, Duarte C, Bexiga R, Cardoso S, Freitas PP. Biosensors for On-Farm Diagnosis of Mastitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:186. [PMID: 31417901 PMCID: PMC6684749 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland caused by a multitude of pathogens with devastating consequences for the dairy industry. Global annual losses are estimated to be around €30 bn and are caused by significant milk losses, poor milk quality, culling of chronically infected animals, and occasional deaths. Moreover, mastitis management routinely implies the administration of antibiotics to treat and prevent the disease which poses serious risks regarding the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Conventional diagnostic methods based on somatic cell counts (SCC) and plate-culture techniques are accurate in identifying the disease, the respective infectious agents and antibiotic resistant phenotypes. However, pressure exists to develop less lengthy approaches, capable of providing on-site information concerning the infection, and in this way, guide, and hasten the most adequate treatment. Biosensors are analytical tools that convert the presence of biological compounds into an electric signal. Benefitting from high signal-to-noise ratios and fast response times, when properly tuned, they can detect the presence of specific cells and cell markers with high sensitivity. In combination with microfluidics, they provide the means for development of automated and portable diagnostic devices. Still, while biosensors are growing at a fast pace in human diagnostics, applications for the veterinary market, and specifically, for the diagnosis of mastitis remain limited. This review highlights current approaches for mastitis diagnosis and describes the latest outcomes in biosensors and lab-on-chip devices with the potential to become real alternatives to standard practices. Focus is given to those technologies that, in a near future, will enable for an on-farm diagnosis of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia A. M. Martins
- Magnomics S.A., Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Cantanhede, Portugal
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias Rua Alves Redol, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Verónica C. Martins
- Magnomics S.A., Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Cantanhede, Portugal
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias Rua Alves Redol, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe A. Cardoso
- Magnomics S.A., Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - José Germano
- Magnomics S.A., Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Mónica Rodrigues
- Magnomics S.A., Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Cantanhede, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Duarte
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias Rua Alves Redol, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Bexiga
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Cardoso
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias Rua Alves Redol, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo P. Freitas
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias Rua Alves Redol, Lisbon, Portugal
- INL- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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22
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Sharma J, Ono T, Yukino R, Miyashita H, Hanyu N, Handa H, Sandhu A. Smartphone based platform for real-time sharing of medical diagnostics information by optical detection of functionalized fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Guedes A, Macedo R, Jaramillo G, Cardoso S, Freitas PP, Horsley DA. Hybrid GMR Sensor Detecting 950 pT/sqrt(Hz) at 1 Hz and Room Temperature. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E790. [PMID: 29509677 PMCID: PMC5876515 DOI: 10.3390/s18030790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the magnetic sensing technology have been driven by the increasing demand for the capability of measuring ultrasensitive magnetic fields. Among other emerging applications, the detection of magnetic fields in the picotesla range is crucial for biomedical applications. In this work Picosense reports a millimeter-scale, low-power hybrid magnetoresistive-piezoelectric magnetometer with subnanotesla sensitivity at low frequency. Through an innovative noise-cancelation mechanism, the 1/f noise in the MR sensors is surpassed by the mechanical modulation of the external magnetic fields in the high frequency regime. A modulation efficiency of 13% was obtained enabling a final device's sensitivity of ~950 pT/Hz1/2 at 1 Hz. This hybrid device proved to be capable of measuring biomagnetic signals generated in the heart in an unshielded environment. This result paves the way for the development of a portable, contactless, low-cost and low-power magnetocardiography device.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susana Cardoso
- INESC Microsystems and Nanotechnologies and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1000 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Paulo P Freitas
- INESC Microsystems and Nanotechnologies and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - David A Horsley
- Picosense Inc., Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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24
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Shen HM, Hu L, Fu X. Integrated Giant Magnetoresistance Technology for Approachable Weak Biomagnetic Signal Detections. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E148. [PMID: 29316670 PMCID: PMC5795475 DOI: 10.3390/s18010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With the extensive applications of biomagnetic signals derived from active biological tissue in both clinical diagnoses and human-computer-interaction, there is an increasing need for approachable weak biomagnetic sensing technology. The inherent merits of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and its high integration with multiple technologies makes it possible to detect weak biomagnetic signals with micron-sized, non-cooled and low-cost sensors, considering that the magnetic field intensity attenuates rapidly with distance. This paper focuses on the state-of-art in integrated GMR technology for approachable biomagnetic sensing from the perspective of discipline fusion between them. The progress in integrated GMR to overcome the challenges in weak biomagnetic signal detection towards high resolution portable applications is addressed. The various strategies for 1/f noise reduction and sensitivity enhancement in integrated GMR technology for sub-pT biomagnetic signal recording are discussed. In this paper, we review the developments of integrated GMR technology for in vivo/vitro biomagnetic source imaging and demonstrate how integrated GMR can be utilized for biomagnetic field detection. Since the field sensitivity of integrated GMR technology is being pushed to fT/Hz0.5 with the focused efforts, it is believed that the potential of integrated GMR technology will make it preferred choice in weak biomagnetic signal detection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Shen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Liang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.
| | - Xin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.
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25
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Black N, Daiki T, Matsushita MM, Woollins JD, Awaga K, Robertson N. Giant negative magnetoresistance in Ni(quinoline-8-selenoate)2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:514-519. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06273g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ni(qs)2 shows giant negative magnetoresistance as a powder sample, attributed to S = 1 magnetic properties arising from a chain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Black
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
| | - Tonouchi Daiki
- Research Centre for Materials Sciences & Department of Chemistry
- Nagoya University Furo-cho
- Chikusa
- Japan
| | - Michio M. Matsushita
- Research Centre for Materials Sciences & Department of Chemistry
- Nagoya University Furo-cho
- Chikusa
- Japan
| | | | - Kunio Awaga
- Research Centre for Materials Sciences & Department of Chemistry
- Nagoya University Furo-cho
- Chikusa
- Japan
| | - Neil Robertson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
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26
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Romao VC, Martins SAM, Germano J, Cardoso FA, Cardoso S, Freitas PP. Lab-on-Chip Devices: Gaining Ground Losing Size. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10659-10664. [PMID: 29077390 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Portable analytical devices are notably gaining relevance in the panorama of urgent testing. Such devices have the potential to play an important role as easy-to-handle tools in critical situations. Epidemic infectious disease agents (e.g., Ebola virus, Coronavirus, Zika virus) could be controlled more easily by testing travelers on-site at the country borders to prevent outbreaks from spreading. The increasing incidence of hospital-acquired infections caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens could be minimized by point-of-care microbial analysis as well as rapid screening tests of bacteria resistance. The threat of bioterrorism using novel unknown bioweapons has never been so high, thus, in-the-field early identification of the biological agent is crucial for triggering a coordinated response. Food allergies are a growing public health concern-allergic reactions can result in anaphylactic shock, which can prove fatal in minutes-thus, the ability to test foods for common allergens, rapidly and locally, before ingestion, would improve food safety for those with allergies. Lab-on-chip devices are becoming widely available for diverse applications and are becoming increasingly affordable. However, to shrink in price and size simultaneously, some trade-offs must be made. In this Perspective, we present considerations about product specifications, design concepts, and application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica C Romao
- Magnomics S.A., Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede , Núcleo 04, Lote 23060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Sofia A M Martins
- Magnomics S.A., Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede , Núcleo 04, Lote 23060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Jose Germano
- Magnomics S.A., Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede , Núcleo 04, Lote 23060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- INESC - Investigação e Desenvolvimento , Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-049 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe A Cardoso
- Magnomics S.A., Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede , Núcleo 04, Lote 23060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Susana Cardoso
- INESC - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Lisboa , Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-049 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Superior Tecnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo P Freitas
- INESC - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Lisboa , Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-049 Lisbon, Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) , Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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27
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Chen YT, Kolhatkar AG, Zenasni O, Xu S, Lee TR. Biosensing Using Magnetic Particle Detection Techniques. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E2300. [PMID: 28994727 PMCID: PMC5676660 DOI: 10.3390/s17102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particles are widely used as signal labels in a variety of biological sensing applications, such as molecular detection and related strategies that rely on ligand-receptor binding. In this review, we explore the fundamental concepts involved in designing magnetic particles for biosensing applications and the techniques used to detect them. First, we briefly describe the magnetic properties that are important for bio-sensing applications and highlight the associated key parameters (such as the starting materials, size, functionalization methods, and bio-conjugation strategies). Subsequently, we focus on magnetic sensing applications that utilize several types of magnetic detection techniques: spintronic sensors, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensors, superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), sensors based on the atomic magnetometer (AM), and others. From the studies reported, we note that the size of the MPs is one of the most important factors in choosing a sensing technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Arati G Kolhatkar
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Oussama Zenasni
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Shoujun Xu
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - T Randall Lee
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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Detection of BCG bacteria using a magnetoresistive biosensor: A step towards a fully electronic platform for tuberculosis point-of-care detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 100:259-265. [PMID: 28934697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the major public health concerns. This highly contagious disease affects more than 10.4 million people, being a leading cause of morbidity by infection. Tuberculosis is diagnosed at the point-of-care by the Ziehl-Neelsen sputum smear microscopy test. Ziehl-Neelsen is laborious, prone to human error and infection risk, with a limit of detection of 104 cells/mL. In resource-poor nations, a more practical test, with lower detection limit, is paramount. This work uses a magnetoresistive biosensor to detect BCG bacteria for tuberculosis diagnosis. Herein we report: i) nanoparticle assembly method and specificity for tuberculosis detection; ii) demonstration of proportionality between BCG cell concentration and magnetoresistive voltage signal; iii) application of multiplicative signal correction for systematic effects removal; iv) investigation of calibration effectiveness using chemometrics methods; and v) comparison with state-of-the-art point-of-care tuberculosis biosensors. Results present a clear correspondence between voltage signal and cell concentration. Multiplicative signal correction removes baseline shifts within and between biochip sensors, allowing accurate and precise voltage signal between different biochips. The corrected signal was used for multivariate regression models, which significantly decreased the calibration standard error from 0.50 to 0.03log10 (cells/mL). Results show that Ziehl-Neelsen detection limits and below are achievable with the magnetoresistive biochip, when pre-processing and chemometrics are used.
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29
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Lin G, Makarov D, Schmidt OG. Magnetic sensing platform technologies for biomedical applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1884-1912. [PMID: 28485417 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00026j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Detection and quantification of a variety of micro- and nanoscale entities, e.g. molecules, cells, and particles, are crucial components of modern biomedical research, in which biosensing platform technologies play a vital role. Confronted with the drastic global demographic changes, future biomedical research entails continuous development of new-generation biosensing platforms targeting even lower costs, more compactness, and higher throughput, sensitivity and selectivity. Among a wide choice of fundamental biosensing principles, magnetic sensing technologies enabled by magnetic field sensors and magnetic particles offer attractive advantages. The key features of a magnetic sensing format include the use of commercially available magnetic field sensing elements, e.g. magnetoresistive sensors which bear huge potential for compact integration, a magnetic field sensing mechanism which is free from interference by complex biomedical samples, and an additional degree of freedom for the on-chip handling of biochemical species rendered by magnetic labels. In this review, we highlight the historical basis, routes, recent advances and applications of magnetic biosensing platform technologies based on magnetoresistive sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gungun Lin
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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Giant Magnetoresistive Biosensors for Time-Domain Magnetorelaxometry: A Theoretical Investigation and Progress Toward an Immunoassay. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45493. [PMID: 28374833 PMCID: PMC5379630 DOI: 10.1038/srep45493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetorelaxometry (MRX) is a promising new biosensing technique for point-of-care diagnostics. Historically, magnetic sensors have been primarily used to monitor the stray field of magnetic nanoparticles bound to analytes of interest for immunoassays and flow cytometers. In MRX, the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are first magnetized and then the temporal response is monitored after removing the magnetic field. This new sensing modality is insensitive to the magnetic field homogeneity making it more amenable to low-power portable applications. In this work, we systematically investigated time-domain MRX by measuring the signal dependence on the applied field, magnetization time, and magnetic core size. The extracted characteristic times varied for different magnetic MNPs, exhibiting unique magnetic signatures. We also measured the signal contribution based on the MNP location and correlated the coverage with measured signal amplitude. Lastly, we demonstrated, for the first time, a GMR-based time-domain MRX bioassay. This approach validates the feasibility of immunoassays using GMR-based MRX and provides an alternative platform for point-of-care diagnostics.
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31
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Albert M, Beg M, Chernyshenko D, Bisotti MA, Carey RL, Fangohr H, Metaxas PJ. Frequency-based nanoparticle sensing over large field ranges using the ferromagnetic resonances of a magnetic nanodisc. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:455502. [PMID: 27710921 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/45/455502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using finite element micromagnetic simulations, we study how resonant magnetisation dynamics in thin magnetic discs with perpendicular anisotropy are influenced by magnetostatic coupling to a magnetic nanoparticle. We identify resonant modes within the disc using direct magnetic eigenmode calculations and study how their frequencies and spatial profiles are changed by the nanoparticle's stray magnetic field. We demonstrate that particles can generate shifts in the resonant frequency of the disc's fundamental mode which exceed resonance linewidths in recently studied spin torque oscillator devices. Importantly, it is shown that the simulated shifts can be maintained over large field ranges (here up to 1 T). This is because the resonant dynamics (the basis of nanoparticle detection here) respond directly to the nanoparticle stray field, i.e. detection does not rely on nanoparticle-induced changes to the magnetic ground state of the disc. A consequence of this is that in the case of small disc-particle separations, sensitivities to the particle are highly mode- and particle-position-dependent, with frequency shifts being maximised when the intense stray field localised directly beneath the particle can act on a large proportion of the disc's spins that are undergoing high amplitude precession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Albert
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Naaman
- Department of Chemical Physics; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
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33
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Cubells-Beltrán MD, Reig C, Madrenas J, De Marcellis A, Santos J, Cardoso S, Freitas PP. Integration of GMR Sensors with Different Technologies. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16060939. [PMID: 27338415 PMCID: PMC4934364 DOI: 10.3390/s16060939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Less than thirty years after the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect was described, GMR sensors are the preferred choice in many applications demanding the measurement of low magnetic fields in small volumes. This rapid deployment from theoretical basis to market and state-of-the-art applications can be explained by the combination of excellent inherent properties with the feasibility of fabrication, allowing the real integration with many other standard technologies. In this paper, we present a review focusing on how this capability of integration has allowed the improvement of the inherent capabilities and, therefore, the range of application of GMR sensors. After briefly describing the phenomenological basis, we deal on the benefits of low temperature deposition techniques regarding the integration of GMR sensors with flexible (plastic) substrates and pre-processed CMOS chips. In this way, the limit of detection can be improved by means of bettering the sensitivity or reducing the noise. We also report on novel fields of application of GMR sensors by the recapitulation of a number of cases of success of their integration with different heterogeneous complementary elements. We finally describe three fully functional systems, two of them in the bio-technology world, as the proof of how the integrability has been instrumental in the meteoric development of GMR sensors and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Càndid Reig
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat de València, Av. Universitat s/n, Burjassot 46100 , Spain.
| | - Jordi Madrenas
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C. Jordi Girona, 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | - Andrea De Marcellis
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
| | - Joana Santos
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisbon 1000-029, Portugal.
| | - Susana Cardoso
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisbon 1000-029, Portugal.
| | - Paulo P Freitas
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisbon 1000-029, Portugal.
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Valadeiro J, Cardoso S, Macedo R, Guedes A, Gaspar J, Freitas PP. Hybrid Integration of Magnetoresistive Sensors with MEMS as a Strategy to Detect Ultra-Low Magnetic Fields. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:E88. [PMID: 30404264 PMCID: PMC6189911 DOI: 10.3390/mi7050088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe how magnetoresistive sensors can be integrated with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices enabling the mechanical modulation of DC or low frequency external magnetic fields to high frequencies using MEMS structures incorporating magnetic flux guides. In such a hybrid architecture, lower detectivities are expected when compared with those obtained for individual sensors. This particularity results from the change of sensor's operating point to frequencies above the 1/f noise knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Valadeiro
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas de Computadores-Microsystems and Nanotechnology (INESC-MN), Rua Alves Redol, No. 9, Lisboa 1000-029, Portugal.
- Instituto Superior Técnico IST, Physics Department, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal.
| | - Susana Cardoso
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas de Computadores-Microsystems and Nanotechnology (INESC-MN), Rua Alves Redol, No. 9, Lisboa 1000-029, Portugal.
- Instituto Superior Técnico IST, Physics Department, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal.
| | - Rita Macedo
- Picosense, Inc., 1900 Addison St Ste 200, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
| | - Andre Guedes
- Picosense, Inc., 1900 Addison St Ste 200, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
| | - João Gaspar
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre Jose Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal.
| | - Paulo P Freitas
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas de Computadores-Microsystems and Nanotechnology (INESC-MN), Rua Alves Redol, No. 9, Lisboa 1000-029, Portugal.
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre Jose Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal.
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Duarte C, Costa T, Carneiro C, Soares R, Jitariu A, Cardoso S, Piedade M, Bexiga R, Freitas P. Semi-Quantitative Method for Streptococci Magnetic Detection in Raw Milk. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2016; 6:19. [PMID: 27128950 PMCID: PMC4931479 DOI: 10.3390/bios6020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is the most costly disease for dairy farmers and the most frequent reason for the use of antibiotics in dairy cattle; thus, control measures to detect and prevent mastitis are crucial for dairy farm sustainability. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive method to magnetically detect Streptococcus agalactiae (a Group B streptococci) and Streptococcus uberis in raw milk samples. Mastitic milk samples were collected aseptically from 44 cows with subclinical mastitis, from 11 Portuguese dairy farms. Forty-six quarter milk samples were selected based on bacterial identification by conventional microbiology. All samples were submitted to PCR analysis. In parallel, these milk samples were mixed with a solution combining specific antibodies and magnetic nanoparticles, to be analyzed using a lab-on-a-chip magnetoresistive cytometer, with microfluidic sample handling. This paper describes a point of care methodology used for detection of bacteria, including analysis of false positive/negative results. This immunological recognition was able to detect bacterial presence in samples spiked above 100 cfu/mL, independently of antibody and targeted bacteria used in this work. Using PCR as a reference, this method correctly identified 73% of positive samples for streptococci species with an anti-S. agalactiae antibody, and 41% of positive samples for an anti-GB streptococci antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Duarte
- INESC-MN Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal.
- CIISA at Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Costa
- INESC-ID Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Investigação e Desenvolvimento, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Carla Carneiro
- CIISA at Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Rita Soares
- INESC-MN Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Andrei Jitariu
- INESC-MN Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Visiting from the National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd, Iasi 700050, Romania.
| | - Susana Cardoso
- INESC-MN Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Physics Department, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Moisés Piedade
- INESC-ID Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Investigação e Desenvolvimento, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Bexiga
- CIISA at Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Freitas
- INESC-MN Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal.
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
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Leitao DC, Silva AV, Paz E, Ferreira R, Cardoso S, Freitas PP. Magnetoresistive nanosensors: controlling magnetism at the nanoscale. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:045501. [PMID: 26658286 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/4/045501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability to detect the magnetic fields that surround us has promoted vast technological advances in sensing techniques. Among those, magnetoresistive sensors display an unpaired spatial resolution. Here, we successfully control the linear range of nanometric sensors using an interfacial exchange bias sensing layer coupling. An effective matching of material properties and sensor geometry improves the nanosensor performance, with top sensitivities of 3.7% mT(-1). The experimental results are well supported by 3D micromagnetic and magneto-transport simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Leitao
- INESC-MN and IN, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal. Instituto Superior Tecnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal
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37
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Hari R, Parkkonen L. The brain timewise: how timing shapes and supports brain function. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:rstb.2014.0170. [PMID: 25823867 PMCID: PMC4387511 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss the importance of timing in brain function: how temporal dynamics of the world has left its traces in the brain during evolution and how we can monitor the dynamics of the human brain with non-invasive measurements. Accurate timing is important for the interplay of neurons, neuronal circuitries, brain areas and human individuals. In the human brain, multiple temporal integration windows are hierarchically organized, with temporal scales ranging from microseconds to tens and hundreds of milliseconds for perceptual, motor and cognitive functions, and up to minutes, hours and even months for hormonal and mood changes. Accurate timing is impaired in several brain diseases. From the current repertoire of non-invasive brain imaging methods, only magnetoencephalography (MEG) and scalp electroencephalography (EEG) provide millisecond time-resolution; our focus in this paper is on MEG. Since the introduction of high-density whole-scalp MEG/EEG coverage in the 1990s, the instrumentation has not changed drastically; yet, novel data analyses are advancing the field rapidly by shifting the focus from the mere pinpointing of activity hotspots to seeking stimulus- or task-specific information and to characterizing functional networks. During the next decades, we can expect increased spatial resolution and accuracy of the time-resolved brain imaging and better understanding of brain function, especially its temporal constraints, with the development of novel instrumentation and finer-grained, physiologically inspired generative models of local and network activity. Merging both spatial and temporal information with increasing accuracy and carrying out recordings in naturalistic conditions, including social interaction, will bring much new information about human brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riitta Hari
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-AALTO 00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Parkkonen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-AALTO 00076, Espoo, Finland
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38
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Einati H, Mishra D, Friedman N, Sheves M, Naaman R. Light-controlled spin filtering in bacteriorhodopsin. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:1052-6. [PMID: 25621438 PMCID: PMC4330096 DOI: 10.1021/nl503961p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The role of the electron spin in chemistry and biology has received much attention recently owing to to the possible electromagnetic field effects on living organisms and the prospect of using molecules in the emerging field of spintronics. Recently the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect was observed by electron transmission through organic molecules. In the present study, we demonstrated the ability to control the spin filtering of electrons by light transmitted through purple membranes containing bacteriorhodopsin (bR) and its D96N mutant. The spin-dependent electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometric measurements were performed with the membranes deposited on nickel substrates. High spin-dependent electron transmission through the membranes was observed; however, after the samples were illuminated by 532 nm light, the spin filtering in the D96N mutant was dramatically reduced whereas the light did not have any effect on the wild-type bR. Beyond demonstrating spin-dependent electron transmission, this work also provides an interesting insight into the relationship between the structure of proteins and spin filtering by conducting electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Einati
- Department of Chemical Physics and ‡Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute , Rehovot 76100, Israel
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39
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Bedard C, Destexhe A. Generalized cable formalism to calculate the magnetic field of single neurons and neuronal populations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:042723. [PMID: 25375539 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.042723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurons generate magnetic fields which can be recorded with macroscopic techniques such as magnetoencephalography. The theory that accounts for the genesis of neuronal magnetic fields involves dendritic cable structures in homogeneous resistive extracellular media. Here we generalize this model by considering dendritic cables in extracellular media with arbitrarily complex electric properties. This method is based on a multiscale mean-field theory where the neuron is considered in interaction with a "mean" extracellular medium (characterized by a specific impedance). We first show that, as expected, the generalized cable equation and the standard cable generate magnetic fields that mostly depend on the axial current in the cable, with a moderate contribution of extracellular currents. Less expected, we also show that the nature of the extracellular and intracellular media influence the axial current, and thus also influence neuronal magnetic fields. We illustrate these properties by numerical simulations and suggest experiments to test these findings.
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40
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Lab-on-chip cytometry based on magnetoresistive sensors for bacteria detection in milk. SENSORS 2014; 14:15496-524. [PMID: 25196163 PMCID: PMC4179045 DOI: 10.3390/s140815496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometers have been optimized for use in portable platforms, where cell separation, identification and counting can be achieved in a compact and modular format. This feature can be combined with magnetic detection, where magnetoresistive sensors can be integrated within microfluidic channels to detect magnetically labelled cells. This work describes a platform for in-flow detection of magnetically labelled cells with a magneto-resistive based cell cytometer. In particular, we present an example for the validation of the platform as a magnetic counter that identifies and quantifies Streptococcus agalactiae in milk.
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41
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Issadore D, Park YI, Shao H, Min C, Lee K, Liong M, Weissleder R, Lee H. Magnetic sensing technology for molecular analyses. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2385-97. [PMID: 24887807 PMCID: PMC4098149 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00314d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic biosensors, based on nanomaterials and miniature electronics, have emerged as a powerful diagnostic platform. Benefiting from the inherently negligible magnetic background of biological objects, magnetic detection is highly selective even in complex biological media. The sensing thus requires minimal sample purification and yet achieves a high signal-to-background contrast. Moreover, magnetic sensors are also well-suited for miniaturization to match the size of biological targets, which enables sensitive detection of rare cells and small amounts of molecular markers. We herein summarize recent advances in magnetic sensing technologies, with an emphasis on clinical applications in point-of-care settings. Key components of sensors, including magnetic nanomaterials, labeling strategies and magnetometry, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Issadore
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Y. I. Park
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - H. Shao
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - C. Min
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - K. Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - M. Liong
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - R. Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - H. Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
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Novo P, Chu V, Conde J. Integrated optical detection of autonomous capillary microfluidic immunoassays:a hand-held point-of-care prototype. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 57:284-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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43
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Teles F, Fonseca L. The Contribution of Smart Materials and Advanced Clinical Diagnostic Micro‐ Devices on the Progress and Improvement of Human Health Care. Adv Healthc Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118774205.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Costa C, Abal M, López-López R, Muinelo-Romay L. Biosensors for the detection of circulating tumour cells. SENSORS 2014; 14:4856-75. [PMID: 24618729 PMCID: PMC4003971 DOI: 10.3390/s140304856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the cause of most cancer deaths. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are cells released from the primary tumour into the bloodstream that are considered the main promoters of metastasis. Therefore, these cells are targets for understanding tumour biology and improving clinical management of the disease. Several techniques have emerged in recent years to isolate, detect, and characterise CTCs. As CTCs are a rare event, their study requires multidisciplinary considerations of both biological and physical properties. In addition, as isolation of viable cells may give further insights into metastatic development, cell recovery must be done with minimal cell damage. The ideal system for CTCs analysis must include maximum efficiency of detection in real time. In this sense, new approaches used to enrich CTCs from clinical samples have provided an important improvement in cell recovery. However, this progress should be accompanied by more efficient strategies of cell quantification. A range of biosensor platforms are being introduced into the technology for CTCs quantification with promising results. This review provides an update on recent progress in CTCs identification using different approaches based on sensor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Costa
- Translational Medical Oncology, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Miguel Abal
- Translational Medical Oncology, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Rafael López-López
- Translational Medical Oncology, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Unity of CTCs analysis Translational Medical Oncology, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Fernandes E, Martins V, Nóbrega C, Carvalho C, Cardoso F, Cardoso S, Dias J, Deng D, Kluskens L, Freitas P, Azeredo J. A bacteriophage detection tool for viability assessment of Salmonella cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 52:239-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Proenca MP, Merazzo KJ, Vivas LG, Leitao DC, Sousa CT, Ventura J, Araujo JP, Vazquez M. Co nanostructures in ordered templates: comparative FORC analysis. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:475703. [PMID: 24176913 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/47/475703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study on the structural and magnetic properties of highly ordered hexagonal arrays of Co nanoholes, nanowires, nanopillars and nanotubes, with tuned pore/wire/tube diameters, is here presented. The magnetic interactions and their dependence on the geometric features of the arrays were studied using first-order reversal curves (FORCs). For all nanostructures we observe an increase of the magnetostatic interactions with the templates' pore diameter, with the higher (smaller) values found for the nanowire (nanohole) arrays. For the smallest diameters studied (35 nm), all types of arrays could be considered as almost isolated nanostructures, where local interactions prevail. In particular, both nanotube and nanohole arrays exhibit considerable local magnetostatic interactions coming from the stray fields within each void or empty core. On the other hand, the coercivity is found to decrease with diameter for the elongated nanostructures, while it increases with the pore diameter for the nanohole arrays. This behavior is associated with the magnetization reversal mechanisms present in each array. This work highlights a versatile route to tailor the size, geometrical arrangement and magnetostatic interactions of ordered arrays and demonstrates their importance for the tuning of the magnetic behavior of nanometric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Proenca
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. IFIMUP and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Departamento Física e Astronomia, Universidade Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Helou M, Reisbeck M, Tedde SF, Richter L, Bär L, Bosch JJ, Stauber RH, Quandt E, Hayden O. Time-of-flight magnetic flow cytometry in whole blood with integrated sample preparation. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1035-8. [PMID: 23392232 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc41310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and specific rare cell detection for point-of-care testing requires an integration of the sample preparation for flow cytometry. To achieve such a challenging goal we have developed a magnetic flow cytometry technique which applies magnetophoresis to perform cell enrichment, focusing, and background elimination in a single step. Time-of-flight measurements are performed with integrated magnetic sensors to detect specifically cancer cells and cell diameters in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Helou
- Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Günther-Scharowsky Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Leitão DC, Borme J, Orozco A, Cardoso S, Freitas PP. Magnetoresistive Sensors for Surface Scanning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37172-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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49
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Pamme N. On-chip bioanalysis with magnetic particles. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012; 16:436-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.05.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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