1
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Sang Y, Zhao Y, Hao W, Miao L, Li J, Zhao G, Li J, Sui C, He X, Wang C. Ultrastretchable Helical Carbon Nanotube-Woven Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10475-10484. [PMID: 38363711 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Helical carbon nanotube (HCNT) is regarded as one of the most promising nanomaterials due to its excellent tensile strength and superhigh stretchability. Here, a novel HCNT-woven film (HWF) is proposed, and its in-plane and out-of-plane mechanical properties are systematically investigated via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The MD results show that HWF possesses highly stretchable capability resulting from sliding and straightening of CNT segments, and the maximum tensile strain can reach 2113%. Furthermore, the HWF presents an obvious tensile mechanical anisotropy. The torsion failure is the main fracture mode when the HWF is stretched along the longitudinal direction. However, when the HWF is stretched along the transverse direction, the fracture is mainly caused by intertube compression. On the other hand, the HWF can dissipate large amount of kinetic energy of projectile via sliding and fracture of HCNTs, leading to high specific penetration energy. This work provides a theoretical guidance for designing and fabricating next-generation superstrong two-dimensional CNT-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Sang
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yushun Zhao
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Weizhe Hao
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Linlin Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Guoxin Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Junjiao Li
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chao Sui
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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2
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Shi YY, Liao SY, Wang QF, Xu XY, Wang XY, Gu XY, Hu YG, Zhu PL, Sun R, Wan YJ. Enhancing the Interaction of Carbon Nanotubes by Metal-Organic Decomposition with Improved Mechanical Strength and Ultra-Broadband EMI Shielding Performance. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:134. [PMID: 38411757 PMCID: PMC10899147 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have led to promising applications in the field of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. However, for macroscopic CNT assemblies, such as CNT film, achieving high electrical and mechanical properties remains challenging, which heavily depends on the tube-tube interactions of CNTs. Herein, we develop a novel strategy based on metal-organic decomposition (MOD) to fabricate a flexible silver-carbon nanotube (Ag-CNT) film. The Ag particles are introduced in situ into the CNT film through annealing of MOD, leading to enhanced tube-tube interactions. As a result, the electrical conductivity of Ag-CNT film is up to 6.82 × 105 S m-1, and the EMI shielding effectiveness of Ag-CNT film with a thickness of ~ 7.8 μm exceeds 66 dB in the ultra-broad frequency range (3-40 GHz). The tensile strength and Young's modulus of Ag-CNT film increase from 30.09 ± 3.14 to 76.06 ± 6.20 MPa (~ 253%) and from 1.12 ± 0.33 to 8.90 ± 0.97 GPa (~ 795%), respectively. Moreover, the Ag-CNT film exhibits excellent near-field shielding performance, which can effectively block wireless transmission. This innovative approach provides an effective route to further apply macroscopic CNT assemblies to future portable and wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Shi
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yuan Liao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Feng Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yun Xu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yin Gu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Gen Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng-Li Zhu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Sun
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jun Wan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China.
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Shi HL, Shi QQ, Zhan H, Ai JJ, Chen YT, Wang JN. High-Strength Carbon Nanotube Fibers from Purity Control by Atomized Catalytic Pyrolysis and Alignment Improvement by Continuous Large Prestraining. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37987831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Transferring the high strength of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to macroscopic fibers is still a major technical challenge. In this study, CNT fibers are wound from a hollow cylindrical assembly. In particular, atomized catalytic pyrolysis is utilized to produce the fiber and control its purity. The pristine fiber is then continuously prestrained to have a highly aligned structure for subsequent full densification. Experimental measurements show that the final fiber possesses a high tensile strength (8.0 GPa), specific strength (5.54 N tex-1 (tex: the weight (g) of a fiber of 1 km long)), Young's modulus (350 GPa), and elongation at break (4%). Such an excellent combination is superior to that of any other existing fiber and attributed to the efficient stress transfer among the highly aligned and packed CNTs. Our study provides a new strategy involving atomized catalysis for developing superstrong CNT assemblies such as fibers and films for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang Shi
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiang Qiang Shi
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hang Zhan
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jin Jin Ai
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Ting Chen
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Nong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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4
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Xu L, Jiao X, Shi C, Wu AP, Hou PX, Liu C, Cheng HM. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Copper Core-Shell Fibers with a High Specific Electrical Conductivity. ACS NANO 2023; 17:9245-9254. [PMID: 37129039 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)/Cu core-shell fibers are a promising material for lightweight conductors due to their higher conductivity than pure CNT fibers and lower density than traditional Cu wires. However, the electrical properties of the hybrid fiber have been unsatisfactory, mainly because of the weak CNT-Cu interfacial interaction. Here we report the fabrication of a single-walled CNT (SWCNT)/Cu core-shell fiber that outperforms commercial Cu wires in terms of specific electrical conductivity and current carrying capacity. A dense and uniform Cu shell was coated on the surface of wet-spun SWCNT fibers using a combination of magnetron sputtering and electrochemical deposition. Our SWCNT/Cu core-shell fibers had an ultrahigh specific electrical conductivity of (1.01 ± 0.04) × 104 S m2 kg-1, 56% higher than Cu. Experimental and simulation results show that oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of a wet-spun SWCNT fiber interact with the sputtered Cu atoms to produce strong bonding. Our hybrid fiber preserved its integrity and conductivity well after more than 5000 bending cycles. Furthermore, the current carrying capacity of the coaxial fiber reached 3.14 × 105 A cm-2, three times that of commercial Cu wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- LeLe Xu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 230026, China
| | - XinYu Jiao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 230026, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - An-Ping Wu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 230026, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 230026, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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5
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Wang W, Li J, Shi J, Jiao Y, Wang X, Xia C. Structure and Physical Properties of Conductive Bamboo Fiber Bundle Fabricated by Magnetron Sputtering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3154. [PMID: 37109990 PMCID: PMC10143196 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The variety of conductive fibers has been constantly enriched in recent years, and it has made rapid development in the fields of electronic textiles, intelligent wearable, and medical care. However, the environmental damage caused by the use of large quantities of synthetic fibers cannot be ignored, and there is little research on conductive fibers in the field of bamboo, a green and sustainable material. In this work, we used the alkaline sodium sulfite method to remove lignin from bamboo, prepared a conductive bamboo fiber bundle by coating a copper film on single bamboo fiber bundles using DC magnetron sputtering, and analyzed its structure and physical properties under different process parameters, finding the most suitable preparation condition that combines cost and performance. The results of the scanning electron microscope show that the coverage of copper film can be improved by increasing the sputtering power and prolonging the sputtering time. The resistivity of the conductive bamboo fiber bundle decreased with the increase of the sputtering power and sputtering time, up to 0.22 Ω·mm; at the same time, the tensile strength of the conductive bamboo fiber bundle continuously decreased to 375.6 MPa. According to the X-ray diffraction results, Cu in the copper film on the surface of the conductive bamboo fiber bundle shows the preferred orientation of (111) the crystal plane, indicating that the prepared Cu film has high crystallinity and good film quality. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that Cu in the copper film exists in the form of Cu0 and Cu2+, and most are Cu0. Overall, the development of the conductive bamboo fiber bundle provides a research basis for the development of conductive fibers in a natural renewable direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Wang
- Department of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.W.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (X.W.)
| | - Jiayao Li
- Department of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.W.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (X.W.)
| | - Jiangtao Shi
- Department of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.W.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (X.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yue Jiao
- Department of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.W.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (X.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinzhou Wang
- Department of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.W.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (X.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Changlei Xia
- Department of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.W.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (X.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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6
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Chen H, Daneshvar F, Tu Q, Sue HJ. Ultrastrong Carbon Nanotubes-Copper Core-Shell Wires with Enhanced Electrical and Thermal Conductivities as High-Performance Power Transmission Cables. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56253-56267. [PMID: 36480699 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Demands for high-performance electrical power transmission cables continue to rise, especially for offshore power transmission, electric vehicles, portable electronics, and deployable military applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-Copper (Cu) core-shell wire is regarded as one of the best candidate material systems for transmitting electricity and thermal energy. In this study, a facile and robust approach was developed to enhance the CNT-Cu interfacial interactions. This approach consists of a substrate-enhanced electroless deposition step for Cu pre-seeding and thiol functionalization. Benefiting from the thiol-activated CNT surface and Cu seed deposit, the CNTs-Cu core-shell wire forms a densely packed Cu shell with a void-free CNT-Cu interface. Consequently, the CNTs-Cu core-shell wire possesses (1) superior specific strength (eightfold stronger), (2) 30% higher specific conductivity, (3) 120% higher specific ampacity, and (4) an impressive 110% higher thermal conductivity compared with pure Cu wires. Moreover, this composite wire still maintains its structural integrity and electrical properties over 600 cycles of the fatigue bending test, rendering this system an excellent candidate for high-performance electrical cable and conductor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843, United States
| | - Farhad Daneshvar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843, United States
- Intel Ronler Acres Campus, Intel Corp., 2501 NE Century Blvd, Hillsboro, Oregon97124, United States
| | - Qing Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843, United States
| | - Hung-Jue Sue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77843, United States
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7
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Continuously processing waste lignin into high-value carbon nanotube fibers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5755. [PMID: 36180457 PMCID: PMC9525656 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
High value utilization of renewable biomass materials is of great significance to the sustainable development of human beings. For example, because biomass contains large amounts of carbon, they are ideal candidates for the preparation of carbon nanotube fibers. However, continuous preparation of such fibers using biomass as carbon source remains a huge challenge due to the complex chemical structure of the precursors. Here, we realize continuous preparation of high-performance carbon nanotube fibers from lignin by solvent dispersion, high-temperature pyrolysis, catalytic synthesis, and assembly. The fibers exhibit a tensile strength of 1.33 GPa and an electrical conductivity of 1.19 × 105 S m-1, superior to that of most biomass-derived carbon materials to date. More importantly, we achieve continuous production rate of 120 m h-1. Our preparation method is extendable to other biomass materials and will greatly promote the high value application of biomass in a wide range of fields.
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Hassan A, Abbas S, Jie L, Youming L, Quanfang C. Investigation of the Advanced Novel Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Yarn and Carbon Nanotube Aluminum/Copper Composite Windings for a Single-Phase Induction Motor. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-07060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Review of Recent Development in Copper/Carbon Composites Prepared by Infiltration Technique. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15145227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The liquid metal infiltration of carbon preformed with copper and its alloys is already an established and well-known process. It is extensively used by the electronic industry to produce heat sinks of power electronics and electric contacts and sliding electric contacts. The advantage of the process is its ability to produce near net shape components with high volume fractions of carbon at a relatively low price. The process is carried out in a vacuum and with low applied pressure. However, a strong dependence on the temperature of infiltration and its precise control is significant for the sound final product. For certain pair carbon matrix–copper alloys, different results could be obtained according to the infiltration temperature. If the temperature is too low, the solidification may occur prior to complete infiltration (high final porosity). When the temperature is too high, undesirable reactions may occur at the fiber–matrix interface (e.g., corrosive carbides). Therefore, there are still a lot of scientific papers pushing this technology to new directions and over old limits. Publications inside scientific journals within this field deal with composite materials for sliding electrical contact and electrical contact materials, sealing materials, parts of brake disks, pantograph strips for high-speed railways, other electric and mechanical applications and even for wall surface shields in future fusion devices. The present paper reviews used carbon preforms, copper alloys, technological parameters, properties of prepared composites prepared via infiltration during the last 12 years. It can be stated that 1/3 of the papers were published within the last 3 years. Moreover, renewed interest in this low-cost technique could be expected within the next few years due to climate programs and increasing prices of the energy resources.
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Guo L, Li H, Liu D, Zhou Y, Dong L, Zhu S, Wu Y, Yong Z, Kang L, Jin H, Li Q. Fabrication of high-performance carbon nanotube/copper composite fibers by interface thiol-modification. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:285701. [PMID: 35390779 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac652b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)/copper (Cu) composite fibers are placed great expectations as the next generation of light-weight, conductive wires. However, the electrical and mechanical performances still need to be enhanced. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy that is electrodeposition Cu on thiolated CNT fibers to solve the grand challenge which is enhancing the performance of CNT/Cu composite fibers. Thiol groups are introduced to the surface of the CNT fibers through a controllable O2plasma carboxylation process and amide reaction. Compared with CNT/Cu composite fibers, there are 82.7% and 29.6% improvements in electrical conductivity and tensile strength of interface thiol-modification composite fibers. The enhancement mechanism is also explored that thiolated CNT fibers could make strong interactions between Cu and CNT, enhancing the electrical and mechanical performance of CNT/Cu composites. This work proposes a convenient, heat-treatment-free strategy for high-performance CNT/Cu composite fibers, which can be manufactured for large-scale production and applied to next-generation conductive wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Zhou
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhong Dong
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Yong
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang 330200, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixing Kang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Hehua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Li
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang 330200, People's Republic of China
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11
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Zhou Y, Li W, Liu H, Pei K. Reinforcement of nest‐like Zn layers on the surface of carbon fibers for rigid polyurethane composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Zhou
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Huixin Liu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Kaiyuan Pei
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo China
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12
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Kashani H, Kim C, Rudolf C, Perkins FK, Cleveland ER, Kang W. An Axially Continuous Graphene-Copper Wire for High-Power Transmission: Thermoelectrical Characterization and Mechanisms. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104208. [PMID: 34677890 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The demand for high-power electrical transmission continues to increase with technical advances in electric vehicles, unmanned drones, portable devices, and deployable military applications. In this study, significantly enhanced electrical properties (i.e., a 450% increase in the current density breakdown limit) are demonstrated by synthesizing axially continuous graphene layers on microscale-diameter wires. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the observed enhancements, the electrical properties of pure copper wires and axially continuous graphene-copper (ACGC) wires with three different diameters are characterized while controlling the experimental conditions, including ambient temperature, gases, and pressure. The study reveals that the main mechanism that allows the application of extremely large current densities (>400 000 A cm-2 ) through the ACGC wires is threefold: the continuous graphene layers considerably improve: 1) surface heat dissipation (224% higher), 2) electrical conductivity (41% higher), and 3) thermal stability (41.2% lower resistivity after thermal cycles up to 450 °C), compared with pure copper wires. In addition, it is observed, through the use of high-speed camera images, that the ACGC wires exhibit very different failure behavior near the current density limit, compared with the pure copper wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Kashani
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Chunghwan Kim
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Christopher Rudolf
- Material Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - F Keith Perkins
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Erin R Cleveland
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Wonmo Kang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
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13
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Abstract
Metal/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites are promising functional materials due to the various superior properties of CNTs in addition to the characteristics of metals, and consequently, many fabrication processes of these composites have been vigorously researched. In this paper, the fabrication process of metal/CNT composites by electrochemical deposition, including electrodeposition and electroless deposition, are comprehensively reviewed. A general introduction for fabrication of metal/CNT composites using the electrochemical deposition is carried out. The fabrication methods can be classified into three types: (1) composite plating by electrodeposition or electroless deposition, (2) metal coating on CNT by electroless deposition, and (3) electrodeposition using CNT templates, such as CNT sheets and CNT yarns. The performances of each type have been compared and explained especially from the view point of preparation methods. In the cases of (1) composite plating and (2) metal coating on CNTs, homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in electrochemical deposition baths is essential for the formation of metal/CNT composites with homogeneous distribution of CNTs, which leads to high performance composites. In the case of (3) electrodeposition using CNT templates, the electrodeposition of metals not only on the surfaces but also interior of the CNT templates is the key process to fabricate high performance metal/CNT composites.
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14
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Wu Y, Zhao X, Shang Y, Chang S, Dai L, Cao A. Application-Driven Carbon Nanotube Functional Materials. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7946-7974. [PMID: 33988980 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube functional materials (CNTFMs) represent an important research field in transforming nanoscience and nanotechnology into practical applications, with potential impact in a wide realm of science, technology, and engineering. In this review, we combine the state-of-the-art research activities of CNTFMs with the application prospect, to highlight critical issues and identify future challenges. We focus on macroscopic long fibers, thin films, and bulk sponges which are typical CNTFMs in different dimensions with distinct characteristics, and also cover a variety of derived composite/hierarchical materials. Critical issues related to their structures, properties, and applications as robust conductive skeletons or high-performance flexible electrodes in mechanical and electronic devices, advanced energy conversion and storage systems, and environmental areas have been discussed specifically. Finally, possible solutions and directions are proposed for overcoming current obstacles and promoting future efforts in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizeng Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Shang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulong Chang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxiu Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Anyuan Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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15
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Rdest M, Janas D. A Straightforward Approach to Create Ag/SWCNT Composites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14081956. [PMID: 33919697 PMCID: PMC8070709 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Flexible and conductive materials have a high application potential across many parts of modern life. In this work, thin free-standing films from single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were doped with Ag to enhance their electrical conductivity. A facile method to integrate these two materials is described herein. As a consequence, the material exhibited a six-fold boost to the electrical conductivity: an increase from 250 ± 11 S/cm to 1721 ± 125 S/cm. Interestingly, the specific conductivity remained at a comparable level upon doping, so the material was deemed promising in exploitation fields whereweight is of the essence. Furthermore, the material showed good bending characteristics, thereby revealing its applicability in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rdest
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK;
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-237-10-82
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16
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Abstract
Electrosynthesis is to use electricity to drive chemical reactions for chemical synthesis and is potentially a green approach to fuel and energy sustainability. Nanostructured catalysts play an important role in promoting electrochemical reactions under green chemistry conditions. This perspective first provides a brief tutorial on electrosynthesis and the roles the nanocatalysts play in the synthesis. It then outlines the common strategies used to develop nanocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction, CO2 reduction reaction, and biomass upgrading. The perspective further summarizes the current methodologies that have been developed for scaling-up synthesis of nanocatalysts, which will be essential for the electrosynthesis to become a viable industry approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Kecheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Zhouyang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Shouheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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17
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Daneshvar F, Chen H, Noh K, Sue HJ. Critical challenges and advances in the carbon nanotube-metal interface for next-generation electronics. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:942-962. [PMID: 36133297 PMCID: PMC9417627 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00822b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation electronics can no longer solely rely on conventional materials; miniaturization of portable electronics is pushing Si-based semiconductors and metallic conductors to their operational limits, flexible displays will make common conductive metal oxide materials obsolete, and weight reduction requirement in the aerospace industry demands scientists to seek reliable low-density conductors. Excellent electrical and mechanical properties, coupled with low density, make carbon nanotubes (CNTs) attractive candidates for future electronics. However, translating these remarkable properties into commercial macroscale applications has been disappointing. To fully realize their great potential, CNTs need to be seamlessly incorporated into metallic structures or have to synergistically work alongside them which is still challenging. Here, we review the major challenges in CNT-metal systems that impede their application in electronic devices and highlight significant breakthroughs. A few key applications that can capitalize on CNT-metal structures are also discussed. We specifically focus on the interfacial interaction and materials science aspects of CNT-metal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Daneshvar
- Intel Ronler Acres Campus, Intel Corp. 2501 NE Century Blvd Hillsboro Oregon 97124 USA
- Polymer Technology Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Hengxi Chen
- Polymer Technology Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Kwanghae Noh
- Polymer Technology Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Hung-Jue Sue
- Polymer Technology Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
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18
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Cao Y, Zhou T, Wu K, Yong Z, Zhang Y. Aligned carbon nanotube fibers for fiber-shaped solar cells, supercapacitors and batteries. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6628-6643. [PMID: 35423204 PMCID: PMC8694961 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09482j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers have been considered as one of the ideal candidate electrodes for fiber-shaped energy harvesting and storage devices, due to their merits of flexibility, lightweight, desirable mechanical property, outstanding electrical conductivity as well as high specific surface area. Herein, the recent advancements on the aligned CNT fibers for energy harvesting and storage devices are reviewed. The synthesis, structure, and properties of aligned carbon nanotube fibers are briefly summarized. Then, their applications in fiber-shaped energy harvesting and storage devices (i.e., solar cells, supercapacitors, and batteries) are demonstrated. The remaining challenges are finally discussed to highlight the future research direction in the development of aligned CNT fibers for fiber-shaped energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Cao
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 Anhui China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
- Division of Nanomaterials, Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Nanchang, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanchang 330200 Jiangxi China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Division of Nanomaterials, Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Nanchang, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanchang 330200 Jiangxi China
| | - Kunjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
- Division of Nanomaterials, Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Nanchang, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanchang 330200 Jiangxi China
| | - Zhenzhong Yong
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
- Division of Nanomaterials, Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Nanchang, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanchang 330200 Jiangxi China
| | - Yongyi Zhang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 Anhui China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
- Division of Nanomaterials, Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Nanchang, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanchang 330200 Jiangxi China
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19
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Liu Y, Lu S, Yang H. One-step coating of Ni–Fe alloy outerwear on 1–3-dimensional nanomaterials by a novel technology. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05292b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple one-step electrodeposition approach was developed to manufacture Ni–Fe alloy@1–3-dimensional core–shell nanomaterials using a novel technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shiqing Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Haidong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
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20
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Duhain A, Lamblin G, Lenoble D. On the resistivity, temperature coefficient of resistance, and ampacity of Cu–CNT and Ni–CNT composites. RSC Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07048g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The annealing (at 1073 K under Ar) of Ni–CNT composite, featuring CNT being fully embedded in Ni, leads to a highly interconnected system (by Ni nodules) with a decreased resistivity, as opposed to Cu–CNT composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Duhain
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Rue Du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Luxembourg, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Guillaume Lamblin
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Rue Du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Damien Lenoble
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Rue Du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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21
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Moyano JJ, Garcia I, de Damborenea J, Pérez-Coll D, Belmonte M, Miranzo P, Osendi MI. Remarkable Effects of an Electrodeposited Copper Skin on the Strength and the Electrical and Thermal Conductivities of Reduced Graphene Oxide-Printed Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24209-24217. [PMID: 32368891 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Architected Cu/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) heterostructures are achieved by electrodepositing copper on filament-printed rGO scaffolds. The Cu coating perfectly contours the printed rGO structure, but isolated Cu particles also permeate inside the filaments. Although the Cu deposition conveys a certain mass augment, the three-dimensional (3D) structures remain reasonably light (bulk density ≅ 0.42 g·cm-3). The electrical conductivity (σe) of the Cu/rGO structure (∼8 × 104 S·m-1) shows a notable increment compared to σe of the rGO structure (∼2 × 102 S·m-1). The effect on the scaffold robustness is also notable with an increase of the compressive strength by nearly 10 times (from 20 kPa of the rGO scaffold to 150 kPa of the Cu/rGO structure) and cyclability as well. The improved thermal conductivity of the Cu-coated scaffolds (∼4 times higher), in addition to the σe and strength improvements, suggests that 3D Cu/rGO structures could be suitable assemblies for integration into thermal dissipation systems, particularly as thermal interface materials, for compact electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Moyano
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Garcia
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas CENIM-CSIC, Av. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan de Damborenea
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas CENIM-CSIC, Av. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo Pérez-Coll
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Belmonte
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Miranzo
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Osendi
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Meng L, Zeng Y, Zhu D. Dynamic Liquid Membrane Electrochemical Modification of Carbon Nanotube Fiber for Electrochemical Microfabrication. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6183-6192. [PMID: 31912725 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube fibers (CNFs) are a promising material for use as lightweight, high-strength, electrically conducting tool cathodes in wire electrochemical micromachining (WECMM) in which a high-performance tool cathode is crucial for optimal processing performance. However, the outstanding advantages of pristine CNFs, such as fiber strength, electrical conductivity, and hydrophilic surface, have so far remained underutilized as tool cathodes in WECMM. Herein, electrochemical modification using a dynamic liquid membrane is proposed as an effective online method for functionalizing CNFs prior to WECMM. The proposed method not only improves the assembly accuracy and efficiency but also avoids unnecessary damage to the modified CNF during installation. The introduced functional groups (-OH and -COOH) effectively improved the electrical conductivity and hydrophilicity of CNFs. The influences of H2O2 concentration, applied voltage, and anodization time on the surface modification process were examined experimentally. The use of a pulsed voltage was further proposed to prevent the loss of fiber strength due to over-anodization. Finally, the use of modified CNF electrodes with good surface morphology, strength, and conductivity in WECMM was demonstrated to afford superior machining stability, efficiency, and accuracy as well as improved surface quality compared with the conventional tool cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchao Meng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 210016 , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision and Micro-Manufacturing Technology , Nanjing 210016 , China
| | - Yongbin Zeng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 210016 , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision and Micro-Manufacturing Technology , Nanjing 210016 , China
| | - Di Zhu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 210016 , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision and Micro-Manufacturing Technology , Nanjing 210016 , China
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23
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Zhang X, Lu W, Zhou G, Li Q. Understanding the Mechanical and Conductive Properties of Carbon Nanotube Fibers for Smart Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902028. [PMID: 31250496 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of fiber-based smart electronics has provoked increasing demand for high-performance and multifunctional fiber materials. Carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers, the 1D macroassembly of CNTs, have extensively been utilized to construct wearable electronics due to their unique integration of high porosity/surface area, desirable mechanical/physical properties, and extraordinary structural flexibility, as well as their novel corrosion/oxidation resistivity. To take full advantage of CNT fibers, it is essential to understand their mechanical and conductive properties. Herein, the recent progress regarding the intrinsic structure-property relationship of CNT fibers, as well as the strategies of enhancing their mechanical and conductive properties are briefly summarized, providing helpful guidance for scouting ideally structured CNT fibers for specific flexible electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Weibang Lu
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Gengheng Zhou
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
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24
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Wang GJ, Cai YP, Ma YJ, Tang SC, Syed JA, Cao ZH, Meng XK. Ultrastrong and Stiff Carbon Nanotube/Aluminum-Copper Nanocomposite via Enhancing Friction between Carbon Nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6255-6262. [PMID: 31429572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have been aiming to replace copper with carbon nanotube/copper nanocomposites, which are lighter and exhibit better electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. However, the strength is far below pure carbon nanotube assembly and even much lower than some copper-based alloys. This disadvantage hinders the extensive application of carbon nanotube/copper nanocomposites. In this study, the carbon nanotube/aluminum-copper nanocomposites with ultra-strength and stiffness were prepared. The strength and elasticity modulus of composite reached as high as 6.6 and 500 GPa, respectively, while a high conductivity of 1.8 × 107 S/m was maintained. This can be attributed to the diffusion of Cu and Al atoms into the carbon nanotube fiber, which enhances friction between the carbon nanotubes by "pinning" and "bridging". This structure provides us with novel insights into the design of carbon nanotubes/metal nanocomposites with ultrahigh strength and conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Wang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing University , Jiangsu , China
| | - Y P Cai
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing University , Jiangsu , China
| | - Y J Ma
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing University , Jiangsu , China
| | - S C Tang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing University , Jiangsu , China
| | - J A Syed
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing University , Jiangsu , China
| | - Z H Cao
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing University , Jiangsu , China
| | - X K Meng
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nanjing University , Jiangsu , China
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25
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Wu X, Hong G, Zhang X. Electroless Plating of Graphene Aerogel Fibers for Electrothermal and Electromagnetic Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3814-3821. [PMID: 30768281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene aerogel fibers (GAFs) with low density, high specific surface area, and high porosity can be used as the host material to incorporate another component and thus form multifunctional fibers, which have potential applications in wearable devices, thermoregulating apparatus, sensors, and so forth. However, the intrinsically low electric conductivity of GAFs hampers them in the fields of electrothermal heating and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Herein, we report a new aerogel fiber composed by graphene sheets and nickel nanoparticles with low density (55-192 mg/cm3), high electric conductivity (0.8 × 103 to 4.5 × 104 S/m), and high specific surface area (49-105 m2/g). The graphene/Ni aerogel fibers (GNAFs) were synthesized initially from reduced graphene oxide hydrogel fibers followed by an electroless plating process. Further investigations have demonstrated that the resulting GNAFs possess excellent electrothermal property, faster electrothermal response, high mechanical and electrical stability as the electric wire, and excellent EMI shielding performance as the composite filler. The saturated temperature of GNAFs can reach 174 °C with an applied voltage of only 5 V, and the heating rate surpasses those of commercial Kanthal and Nichrome wires about 2.1 times and 2.6 times, respectively. The EMI shielding effectiveness of GNAFs is higher than 30 dB at the long bandwidth of 12.5-20 GHz. Specifically, it can shield more than 99.99% of the incident wave at the bandwidth of 15-20 GHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 10000 , China
| | - Guo Hong
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering , University of Macau , Taipa 999078 , Macao , China
| | - Xuetong Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , China
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science , University College London , London NW3 2PF , U.K
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26
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Mokry G, Pozuelo J, Vilatela JJ, Sanz J, Baselga J. High Ampacity Carbon Nanotube Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E383. [PMID: 30845698 PMCID: PMC6474024 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Constant evolution of technology is leading to the improvement of electronical devices. Smaller, lighter, faster, are but a few of the properties that have been constantly improved, but these developments come hand in hand with negative downsides. In the case of miniaturization, this shortcoming is found in the inherent property of conducting materials-the limit of current density they can withstand before failure. This property, known as ampacity, is close to reaching its limits at the current scales of use, and the performances of some conductors such as gold or copper suffer severely from it. The need to find alternative conductors with higher ampacity is, therefore, an urgent need, but at the same time, one which requires simultaneous search for decreased density if it is to succeed in an ever-growing electronical world. The uses of these carbon nanotube-based materials, from airplane lightning strike protection systems to the microchip industry, will be evaluated, failure mechanisms at maximum current densities explained, limitations and difficulties in ampacity measurements with different size ranges evaluated, and future lines of research suggested. This review will therefore provide an in-depth view of the rare properties that make carbon nanotubes and their hybrids unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Mokry
- Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química (IAAB), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Pozuelo
- Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química (IAAB), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan J Vilatela
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Sanz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Baselga
- Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química (IAAB), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Sundaram RM, Sekiguchi A, Sekiya M, Yamada T, Hata K. Copper/carbon nanotube composites: research trends and outlook. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180814. [PMID: 30564393 PMCID: PMC6281931 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present research progress made in developing copper/carbon nanotube composites (Cu/CNT) to fulfil a growing demand for lighter copper substitutes with superior electrical, thermal and mechanical performances. Lighter alternatives to heavy copper electrical and data wiring are needed in automobiles and aircrafts to enhance fuel efficiencies. In electronics, better interconnects and thermal management components than copper with higher current- and heat-stabilities are required to enable device miniaturization with increased functionality. Our literature survey encouragingly indicates that Cu/CNT performances (electrical, thermal and mechanical) reported so far rival that of Cu, proving the material's viability as a Cu alternative. We identify two grand challenges to be solved for Cu/CNT to replace copper in real-life applications. The first grand challenge is to fabricate Cu/CNT with overall performances exceeding that of copper. To address this challenge, we propose research directions to fabricate Cu/CNT closer to ideal composites theoretically predicted to surpass Cu performances (i.e. those containing uniformly distributed Cu and individually aligned CNTs with beneficial CNT-Cu interactions). The second grand challenge is to industrialize and transfer Cu/CNT from lab bench to real-life use. Toward this, we identify and propose strategies to address market-dependent issues for niche/mainstream applications. The current best Cu/CNT performances already qualify for application in niche electronic device markets as high-end interconnects. However, mainstream Cu/CNT application as copper replacements in conventional electronics and in electrical/data wires are long-term goals, needing inexpensive mass-production by methods aligned with existing industrial practices. Mainstream electronics require cheap CNT template-making and electrodeposition procedures, while data/electrical cables require manufacture protocols based on co-electrodeposition or melt-processing. We note (with examples) that initiatives devoted to Cu/CNT manufacturing for both types of mainstream applications are underway. With sustained research on Cu/CNT and accelerating its real-life application, we expect the successful evolution of highly functional, efficient, and sustainable next-generation electrical and electronics systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsuko Sekiguchi
- CNT-Application Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
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Zou J, Liu D, Zhao J, Hou L, Liu T, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Zhu YT, Li Q. Ni Nanobuffer Layer Provides Light-Weight CNT/Cu Fibers with Superior Robustness, Conductivity, and Ampacity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8197-8204. [PMID: 29429334 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber has not shown its advantage as next-generation light-weight conductor due to the large contact resistance between CNTs, as reflected by its low conductivity and ampacity. Coating CNT fiber with a metal layer like Cu has become an effective solution to this problem. However, the weak CNT-Cu interfacial bonding significantly limits the mechanical and electrical performances. Here, we report that a strong CNT-Cu interface can be formed by introducing a Ni nanobuffer layer before depositing the Cu layer. The Ni nanobuffer layer remarkably promotes the load and heat transfer efficiencies between the CNT fiber and Cu layer and improves the quality of the deposited Cu layer. As a result, the new composite fiber with a 2 μm thick Cu layer can exhibit a superhigh effective strength >800 MPa, electrical conductivity >2 × 107 S/m, and ampacity >1 × 105 A/cm2. The composite fiber can also sustain 10 000 times of bending and continuously work for 100 h at 90% ampacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Zou
- Nano Structural Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yonghao Zhao
- Nano Structural Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Yuntian T Zhu
- Nano Structural Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
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29
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Cho S, Kikuchi K, Lee E, Choi M, Jo I, Lee SB, Lee SK, Kawasaki A. Chromium carbide/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Structure Assisted Copper Composites with Low Temperature Coefficient of Resistance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14943. [PMID: 29097802 PMCID: PMC5668293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the possibility of using carbon nanotube (CNT) to introduce and control the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of metal matrix composite, relatively thick and short multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) were introduced in the metal matrix with in-situ formation of chromium carbide (Cr7C3) at the CNT/copper (Cu) interface. We demonstrate that incompatible properties such as electrical conductivity and TCR can be achieved simultaneously by introducing MWCNTs in the Cu matrix, with control of the interfacial resistivity using the MWCNT/Cr7C3–Cu system. High electrical conductivity of 94.66 IACS and low TCR of 1,451 10–6 °C−1 are achieved in the 5 vol.% MWCNT–CuCr composite. In-situ formation of Cr7C3 nanostructures at the MWCNT/Cu interface by reaction of diffused Cr atoms and amorphous carbon of MWCNTs would assist in improving the electrical properties of the MWCNT–CuCr composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungchan Cho
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea.
| | - Keiko Kikuchi
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Eunkyung Lee
- Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA01609, USA
| | - Moonhee Choi
- Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Suwon, 16674, South Korea
| | - Ilguk Jo
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Sang-Bok Lee
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Sang-Kwan Lee
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Akira Kawasaki
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
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30
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Fang B, Xi J, Liu Y, Guo F, Xu Z, Gao W, Guo D, Li P, Gao C. Wrinkle-stabilized metal-graphene hybrid fibers with zero temperature coefficient of resistance. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:12178-12188. [PMID: 28805869 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04175f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial adhesion between graphene and metals is poor, as metals tend to generate superlubricity on smooth graphene surface. This problem renders the free assembly of graphene and metals to be a big challenge, and therefore, some desired conducting properties (e.g., stable metal-like conductivities in air, lightweight yet flexible conductors, and ultralow temperature coefficient of resistance, TCR) likely being realized by integrating the merits of graphene and metals remains at a theoretical level. This work proposes a wrinkle-stabilized approach to address the poor adhesion between graphene surface and metals. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests and theoretical analysis by Scharifker-Hills models demonstrate that multiscale wrinkles effectively induce nucleation of metal particles, locking in metal nuclei and guiding the continuous growth of metal islands in an instantaneous model on rough graphene surface. The universality and practicability of the wrinkle-stabilized approach is verified by our investigation through the electrodeposition of nine kinds of metals on graphene fibers (GF). The strong interface bonding permits metal-graphene hybrid fibers to show metal-level conductivities (up to 2.2 × 107 S m-1, a record high value for GF in air), reliable weatherability and favorable flexibility. Due to the negative TCR of graphene and positive TCR of metals, the TCR of Cu- and Au-coated GFs reaches zero at a wide temperature range (15 K-300 K). For this layered model, the quantitative analysis by classical theories demonstrates the suitable thickness ratio of graphene layer and metal layer to achieve zero TCR to be 0.2, agreeing well with our experimental results. This wrinkle-stabilized approach and our theoretical analysis of zero-TCR behavior of the graphene-metal system are conducive to the design of high-performance conducting materials based on graphene and metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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31
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Sundaram R, Yamada T, Hata K, Sekiguchi A. Electrical performance of lightweight CNT-Cu composite wires impacted by surface and internal Cu spatial distribution. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9267. [PMID: 28839278 PMCID: PMC5570951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report ultralong conducting lightweight multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-Cu composite wires with MWCNTs uniformly distributed in a continuous Cu matrix throughout. With a high MWCNT vol% (40-45%), the MWCNT-Cu wire density was 2/3rd that of Cu. Our composite wires show manufacturing potential because we used industrially compatible Cu electrodeposition protocols on commercial CNT wires. Further, we systematically varied Cu spatial distribution on the composite wire surface and bulk and measured the associated electrical performance, including resistivity (ρ), temperature dependence of resistance, and stability to current (measured as current carrying capacity, CCC in vacuum). We find that a continuous Cu matrix with homogeneous MWCNT distribution, i.e., maximum internal Cu filling within MWCNT wires, is critical to high overall electrical performances. Wires with maximum internal Cu filling exhibit (i) low room temperature ρ, 1/100th of the starting MWCNT wires, (ii) suppressed resistance-rise with temperature-increase and temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) ½ that of Cu, and (iii) vacuum-CCC 28% higher than Cu. Further, the wires showed real-world applicability and were easily soldered into practical circuits. Hence, our MWCNT-Cu wires are promising lightweight alternatives to Cu wiring for weight-reducing applications. The low TCR is specifically advantageous for stable high-temperature operation, e.g., in motor windings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajyashree Sundaram
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takeo Yamada
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Atsuko Sekiguchi
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan.
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan.
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32
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Wright KD, Gowenlock CE, Bear JC, Barron AR. Understanding the Effect of Functional Groups on the Seeded Growth of Copper on Carbon Nanotubes for Optimizing Electrical Transmission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:27202-27212. [PMID: 28742321 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of the seeded growth of copper on the surface of two classes of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in order to compare the effects of surface functional groups. Pyridine-functionalized HiPco SWNTs and ultrashort SWNTs (US-SWNTs) were synthesized (py-SWNTs and py-US-SWNTs, respectively), and the functionality was used as seed sites for copper, via an aqueous electroless deposition reaction, as a comparison to the carboxylic acid functionality present on piranha-etched SWNTs and the native US-SWNTs. UV-vis spectroscopy demonstrated the take-up of Cu(II) ions by the functionalized SWNTs. TEM showed that the SWNTs with pyridine functionality more rapidly produced a more even distribution of copper seeds with a narrower size distribution (3-12 nm for py-US-SWNTs) than those SWNTs with oxygen functional groups (ca. 30 nm), showing the adventitious role of the pyridine functional group in the seeding process. Seed composition was confirmed as Cu(0) by XPS and SAED. Copper growth rate and morphology were shown to be affected by degree of pyridine functionality, the length of the SWNT, and the electroless reaction solvent used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourtney D Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Cathren E Gowenlock
- Energy Safety Research Institute (ESRI), Swansea University Bay Campus , Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph C Bear
- Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Barron
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Energy Safety Research Institute (ESRI), Swansea University Bay Campus , Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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33
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Di J, Zhang X, Yong Z, Zhang Y, Li D, Li R, Li Q. Carbon-Nanotube Fibers for Wearable Devices and Smart Textiles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10529-10538. [PMID: 27432521 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-nanotube (CNT) fibers integrate such properties as high mechanical strength, extraordinary structural flexibility, high thermal and electrical conductivities, novel corrosion and oxidation resistivities, and high surface area, which makes them a very promising candidate for next-generation smart textiles and wearable devices. A brief review of the preparation of CNT fibers and recently developed CNT-fiber-based flexible and functional devices, which include artificial muscles, electrochemical double-layer capacitors, lithium-ion batteries, solar cells, and memristors, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Di
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Rd, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Rd, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yong
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Rd, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongyi Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Rd, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Da Li
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Rd, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ru Li
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Rd, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Rd, Suzhou, 215123, China
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34
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Tran TQ, Fan Z, Mikhalchan A, Liu P, Duong HM. Post-Treatments for Multifunctional Property Enhancement of Carbon Nanotube Fibers from the Floating Catalyst Method. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:7948-7956. [PMID: 26966936 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the synthesis conditions and condensation processes on the chemical compositions and multifunctional performance of the directly spun carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers. On the basis of the optimized synthesis conditions, a two-step post-treatment technique which involved acidification and epoxy infiltration was also developed to further enhance their mechanical and electrical properties. As a result, their tensile strength and Young's modulus increased remarkably by 177% and 325%, respectively, while their electrical conductivity also reached 8235 S/cm. This work may provide a general strategy for the postprocessing optimization of the directly spun CNT fibers. The treated CNT fibers with superior properties are promising for a wide range of applications, such as structural reinforcements and lightweight electric cables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang Q Tran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore , 9 Engineering Drive 1, EA-07-05, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Zeng Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore , 9 Engineering Drive 1, EA-07-05, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Anastasiia Mikhalchan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore , 9 Engineering Drive 1, EA-07-05, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore , 9 Engineering Drive 1, EA-07-05, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Hai M Duong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore , 9 Engineering Drive 1, EA-07-05, Singapore 117575, Singapore
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35
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Li Z, Liu Z, Sun H, Gao C. Superstructured Assembly of Nanocarbons: Fullerenes, Nanotubes, and Graphene. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7046-117. [PMID: 26168245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
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36
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Sun H, You X, Jiang Y, Guan G, Fang X, Deng J, Chen P, Luo Y, Peng H. Self-Healable Electrically Conducting Wires for Wearable Microelectronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9526-31. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Sun H, You X, Jiang Y, Guan G, Fang X, Deng J, Chen P, Luo Y, Peng H. Self-Healable Electrically Conducting Wires for Wearable Microelectronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Wang JN, Luo XG, Wu T, Chen Y. High-strength carbon nanotube fibre-like ribbon with high ductility and high electrical conductivity. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3848. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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39
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Meng F, Zhang X, Li R, Zhao J, Xuan X, Wang X, Zou J, Li Q. Electro-induced mechanical and thermal responses of carbon nanotube fibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:2480-2485. [PMID: 24677297 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The electromechanical and electrothermal responses of carbon nanotube fibers provide new ways to use energy conversion, including the modulation of assembly structures by alternative densification and relaxation. The most efficient way to strengthen the tensile strength up to 2.32-2.50 GPa is shown as well as a microscale, nanotube-based Chinese calligraphy brush.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fancheng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ruoshui Road 398, Suzhou, 215123, China
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40
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One hundred fold increase in current carrying capacity in a carbon nanotube-copper composite. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2202. [PMID: 23877359 PMCID: PMC3759037 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased portability, versatility and ubiquity of electronics devices are a result of their progressive miniaturization, requiring current flow through narrow channels. Present-day devices operate close to the maximum current-carrying-capacity (that is, ampacity) of conductors (such as copper and gold), leading to decreased lifetime and performance, creating demand for new conductors with higher ampacity. Ampacity represents the maximum current-carrying capacity of the object that depends both on the structure and material. Here we report a carbon nanotube–copper composite exhibiting similar conductivity (2.3–4.7 × 105 S cm−1) as copper (5.8 × 105 S cm−1), but with a 100-times higher ampacity (6 × 108 A cm−2). Vacuum experiments demonstrate that carbon nanotubes suppress the primary failure pathways in copper as observed by the increased copper diffusion activation energy (∼2.0 eV) in carbon nanotube–copper composite, explaining its higher ampacity. This is the only material with both high conductivity and high ampacity, making it uniquely suited for applications in microscale electronics and inverters. High electrical conductivity and ampacity are usually mutually exclusive properties. Here, in a carbon nanotube–copper composite, Subramaniam et al. achieve a similar conductivity to copper, but with a hundred fold increase in current carrying capacity.
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41
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Meng F, Zhao J, Ye Y, Zhang X, Li Q. Carbon nanotube fibers for electrochemical applications: effect of enhanced interfaces by an acid treatment. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:7464-7468. [PMID: 23093201 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32332j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemical treatment using concentrated nitric acid (16 M) not only induced significant improvement of mechanical and electrical properties of carbon nanotube fibers due to the enhanced interfacial interaction but also allowed much more efficient deposition of polyaniline for developing fiber-shaped supercapacitors. After the 2 h treatment, the acidized fiber had a tensile strength of 1.52 GPa and an electrical conductivity of 1050 S cm(-1), increased by 52% and 128%, respectively, compared with the untreated one. By depositing polyaniline for 10 min around the fiber, the composite fiber had a volumetric capacitance of 239 F cm(-3), 17% higher than that without the acid treatment. For a long time treatment up to 6 h, although the strength and conductivity decreased slightly, the composite fiber had a super high volumetric capacitance up to 299 F cm(-3). The improvement of electrochemical performance is attributed to the increased deposition rate and structural change of polyaniline due to the existence of functional groups on the fiber surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fancheng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ruoshui Road 398, Suzhou 215123, China
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42
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Jarosz PR, Shaukat A, Schauerman CM, Cress CD, Kladitis PE, Ridgley RD, Landi BJ. High-performance, lightweight coaxial cable from carbon nanotube conductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:1103-1109. [PMID: 22272936 DOI: 10.1021/am201729g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Coaxial cables have been constructed with carbon nanotube (CNT) materials serving as both the inner and outer conductors. Treatment of the CNT outer and inner conductors with KAuBr(4) was found to significantly reduce the attenuation of these cables, which demonstrates that chemical agents can be used to improve power transmission through CNT networks at high frequencies (150 kHz-3 GHz). For cables constructed with a KAuBr(4)-treated CNT outer conductor, power attenuation per length approaches parity with cables constructed from metallic conductors at significantly lower weight per length (i.e., 7.1 g/m for CNT designs compared to 38.8 g/m for an RG-58 design). A relationship between the thickness of the CNT outer conductor and the cable attenuation was observed and used to estimate the effective skin depth at high frequency. These results establish reliable, reproducible methods for the construction of coaxial cables from CNT materials that can facilitate further investigation of their performance in high-frequency transmission structures, and highlight a specific opportunity for significant reduction in coaxial cable mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Jarosz
- NanoPower Research Labs, Golisano Institute for Sustainability, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
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43
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Meng F, Zhao J, Ye Y, Zhang X, Li S, Jia J, Zhang Z, Li Q. Multifunctionalization of carbon nanotube fibers with the aid of graphene wrapping. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32978f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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