1
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Wang M, Wang Y. Advances for Triangular and Sandwich-Shaped All-Metal Aromatics. Molecules 2024; 29:763. [PMID: 38398515 PMCID: PMC10892378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Much experimental work has been contributed to all-metal σ, π and δ-aromaticity among transition metals, semimetallics and other metals in the past two decades. Before our focused investigations on the properties of triangular and sandwich-shaped all-metal aromatics, A. I. Boldyrev presented general discussions on the concepts of all-metal σ-aromaticity and σ-antiaromaticity for metallo-clusters. Schleyer illustrated that Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shifts (NICS) were among the most authoritative criteria for aromaticity. Ugalde discussed the earlier developments of all-metal aromatic compounds with all possible shapes. Besides the theoretical predictions, many stable all-metal aromatic trinuclear clusters have been isolated as the metallic analogues of either the σ-aromatic molecule's [H3]+ ion or the π-aromatic molecule's [C3H3]+ ion. Different from Hoffman's opinion on all-metal aromaticity, triangular all-metal aromatics were found to hold great potential in applications in coordination chemistry, catalysis, and material science. Triangular all-metal aromatics, which were theoretically proved to conform to the Hückel (4n + 2) rule and possess the smallest aromatic ring, could also play roles as stable ligands during the formation of all-metal sandwiches. The triangular and sandwich-shaped all-metal aromatics have not yet been specifically summarized despite their diversity of existence, puissant developments and various interesting applications. These findings are different from the public opinion that all-metal aromatics would be limited to further applications due to their overstated difficulties in synthesis and uncertain stabilities. Our review will specifically focus on the summarization of theoretical predictions, feasible syntheses and isolations, and multiple applications of triangular and sandwich shaped all-metal aromatics. The appropriateness and necessities of this review will emphasize and disseminate their importance and applications forcefully and in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanlan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China;
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2
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Zhang Y, Zhao W, Lu J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Li X. First-Principles Studies of the Caged Germanium Clusters with Gold Doping and Their Adsorption on Graphdiyne Nanosheets. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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3
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Jin B, Sun R, Huo B, Yuan C, Wu YB. M©B 7O 7+ (M = Ni, Pd, Pt): aromatic molecular stars with a planar heptacoordinate transition metal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13716-13719. [PMID: 34870644 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05844d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dynamically stable global minima M©B7O7+ (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) are interesting in that they possess σ-aromaticity alone within the B7M core moiety, which can be attributed to the strong peripheral localized O → B π back-bonding that leads to the less favourable delocalized M → B π back-bonding over the B7M core moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caixia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Shen D, Liu Y, Li M, Dong W, Yang F, Wang L, Yang S, Sun W. First-principles calculations on the deposition behavior of Li xNa y ( x + y ≤ 5) clusters during the hybrid storage of Li and Na atoms on graphene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21817-21824. [PMID: 34553716 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy of sodium ion batteries with the hybrid storage of Li and Na ions has attracted much attention in the field of large-scale energy storage. For revealing the mechanism of hybrid storage of Li and Na atoms in carbon materials, the lowest energy configuration, adsorption energy, differential charge density and density of states of LixNay clusters on graphene, as a structural unit of carbon materials, were calculated and investigated based on first principles density functional theory. The calculation results show that the deposition behavior of single Li or Na atoms on graphene is similar, and both are preferentially deposited at the hollow of graphene (H-site). The Li atom is deposited preferentially over the Na atom, and the deposition height of the Li atom is lower. When the total number of metal atoms x + y ≥ 3, LixNay clusters are deposited on graphene in the form of a stereotypical atomic cluster, in which the Li atom is usually at the bottom of the LixNay cluster, while the Na atom is usually at the top of the cluster. The electronic structure analysis shows that the electrons of the LixNay cluster are transferred to the anti-bonding π orbitals adjacent to graphene. The 2s orbitals of Li atoms and the 2s and 2p orbitals of Na atoms are hybridized with the 2p orbitals of C atoms. Therefore, the Li-C bonds or Na-C bonds formed between Li or Na atoms and C atoms of graphene are usually ionic bonds with partial covalent bond properties. Meanwhile, the Li-Li, Na-Na or Li-Na bonds formed inside LixNay clusters are usually multiple metal-metal bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning 123000, China. .,School of Mechanics and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China
| | - Yaohan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning 123000, China.
| | - Mingyue Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning 123000, China.
| | - Wei Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning 123000, China.
| | - Fang Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning 123000, China.
| | - Laigui Wang
- School of Mechanics and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China
| | - Shaobin Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning 123000, China.
| | - Wen Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning 123000, China. .,College of Mining Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China
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5
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C−C Bond Formation between the μ‐Alkylidyne Ligands in a Diruthenium Bis(μ‐alkylidyne) Complex; σ‐ and π‐Aromaticity of the Ru
2
C
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Core. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Roy DK, Tröster T, Fantuzzi F, Dewhurst RD, Lenczyk C, Radacki K, Pranckevicius C, Engels B, Braunschweig H. Isolierung und Reaktivität eines s‐Block‐Metall‐Antiaromaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Roy
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Discipline of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road, Simrol Indore 453552, M.P. Indien
| | - Tobias Tröster
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Emil-Fischer-Str. 42 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Conor Pranckevicius
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Emil-Fischer-Str. 42 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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7
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Roy DK, Tröster T, Fantuzzi F, Dewhurst RD, Lenczyk C, Radacki K, Pranckevicius C, Engels B, Braunschweig H. Isolation and Reactivity of an Antiaromatic s-Block Metal Compound. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3812-3819. [PMID: 33210400 PMCID: PMC7898526 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The concepts of aromaticity and antiaromaticity have a long history, and countless demonstrations of these phenomena have been made with molecules based on elements from the p, d, and f blocks of the periodic table. In contrast, the limited oxidation-state flexibility of the s-block metals has long stood in the way of their participation in sophisticated π-bonding arrangements, and truly antiaromatic systems containing s-block metals are altogether absent or remain poorly defined. Using spectroscopic, structural, and computational techniques, we present herein the synthesis and authentication of a heterocyclic compound containing the alkaline earth metal beryllium that exhibits significant antiaromaticity, and detail its chemical reduction and Lewis-base-coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Roy
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Discipline of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology IndoreKhandwa Road, SimrolIndore453552, M.P.India
| | - Tobias Tröster
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Strasse 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Conor Pranckevicius
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Strasse 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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8
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Kulichenko M, Fedik N, Monfredini A, Muñoz-Castro A, Balestri D, Boldyrev AI, Maestri G. "Bottled" spiro-doubly aromatic trinuclear [Pd 2Ru] + complexes. Chem Sci 2020; 12:477-486. [PMID: 34163610 PMCID: PMC8178750 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04469e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Following an ongoing interest in the study of transition metal complexes with exotic bonding networks, we report herein the synthesis of a family of heterobimetallic triangular clusters involving Ru and Pd atoms. These are the first examples of trinuclear complexes combining these nuclei. Structural and bonding analyses revealed both analogies and unexpected differences for these [Pd2Ru]+ complexes compared to their parent [Pd3]+ peers. Noticeably, participation of the Ru atom in the π-aromaticity of the coordinated benzene ring makes the synthesized compound the second reported example of ‘bottled’ double aromaticity. This can also be referred to as spiroaromaticity due to the participation of Ru in two aromatic systems at a time. Moreover, the [Pd2Ru]+ kernel exhibits unprecedented orbital overlap of Ru dz2 AO and two Pd dxy or dx2−y2 AOs. The present findings reveal the possibility of synthesizing stable clusters with delocalized metal–metal bonding from the combination of non-adjacent elements of the periodic table which has not been reported previously. Synthesis of a triangular [Pd2Ru]+ complex with delocalized metal–metal bonding between non-adjacent elements of the periodic table, double aromaticity and overlap of d-AOs with different angular momentum.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Kulichenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Nikita Fedik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Anna Monfredini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Chile El Llano Subercaseaux 2801 Santiago Chile
| | - Davide Balestri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Alexander I Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Giovanni Maestri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
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9
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Orozco‐Ic M, Barroso J, Islas R, Merino G. Delocalization in Substituted Benzene Dications: A Magnetic Point of View. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:657-661. [PMID: 32499992 PMCID: PMC7266496 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the induced magnetic field is analyzed for a series of substituted benzenes dications with formula C6R62+ (R=I, At, SeH, SeCH3, TeH, TeCH3), presumably exhibiting concentric aromaticity. Previous studies concluded that in the carbon skeleton, just π-electrons are delocalized. However, our results support that both the σ- and π-electrons are delocalized in the carbon skeleton, combined with a σ-delocalization in the external ring. The role of the relativistic effects in these dications is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesías Orozco‐Ic
- Departamento de Física AplicadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosUnidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex97310Mérida, Yuc.México
| | - Jorge Barroso
- Departamento de Física AplicadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosUnidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex97310Mérida, Yuc.México
| | - Rafael Islas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Andres BelloAv. República 2758320000SantiagoChile
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física AplicadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosUnidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex97310Mérida, Yuc.México
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10
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Kelley MP, Popov IA, Jung J, Batista ER, Yang P. δ and φ back-donation in An IV metallacycles. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1558. [PMID: 32214090 PMCID: PMC7096508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15197-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In all known examples of metal-ligand (M-L) δ and φ bonds, the metal orbitals are aligned to the ligand orbitals in a "head-to-head" or "side-to-head" fashion. Here, we report two fundamentally new types of M-L δ and φ interactions; "head-to-side" δ and "side-to-side" φ back-bonding, found in complexes of metallacyclopropenes and metallacyclocumulenes of actinides (Pa-Pu) that makes them distinct from their corresponding Group 4 analogues. In addition to the known Th and U complexes, our calculations include complexes of Pa, Np, and Pu. In contrast with conventional An-C bond decreasing, due to the actinide contraction, the An-C distance increases from Pa to Pu. We demonstrate that the direct L-An σ and π donations combined with the An-L δ or φ back-donations are crucial in explaining this non-classical trend of the An-L bond lengths in both series, underscoring the significance of these δ/φ back-donation interactions, and their importance for complexes of Pa and U in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan P Kelley
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Julie Jung
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Enrique R Batista
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
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11
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Muñoz-Castro A, King RB. Th@C 86, Th@C 82, Th@C 80, and Th@C 76: role of thorium encapsulation in determining spherical aromatic and bonding properties on medium-sized endohedral metallofullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:23920-23928. [PMID: 33073794 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03784b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thorium encapsulated metallofullerenes (Th-EMFs) with external C76, C80, C82, and C86 cages have been synthesized, with the 13C-NMR spectrum recorded for Th@C82. Here, we explore computationally the chemical bonding, NMR and spherical aromaticity of Th@C82 and related thorium-encapsulated metallofullerenes. Our results show that these Th-EMFs are new examples of spherical aromatic structures, representing interesting low-symmetry exceptions to the Hirsch 2(N + 1)2 rule of spherical aromaticity. Their electronic structures are based on π-electron counts of 80, 84, 86, and 90, respectively, with a shell structure ranging from S2P6D10F14G18H22I8 to S2P6D10F14G18H22I18, where the partially filled I-shell remains as a frontier orbital. Their behavior is comparable to that of the spherical aromatic alkali-C606- phases, which in addition to the favorable endohedral Th-fullerene bonding account for their particular abundance exhibiting the ability to sustain a long-range shielding cone as a result of the favorable metal-cage bonding. This rationalization of such species as neutral spherical aromatic EMFs suggests the possibility of an extensive series of aromatic fullerenes with nuclearity larger than C60 buckminsterfullerene as stable building blocks towards nanostructured metal-organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile.
| | - R Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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12
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Li X, Li S, Wang Z, Yang X, Yan Z. A Frank-Kasper polyhedral structure of 17-atom vanadium clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Rabanal-León WA, Vásquez-Espinal A, Yañez O, Pino-Rios R, Arratia-Pérez R, Alvarez-Thon L, Torres-Vega JJ, Tiznado W. Aromaticity of [M3(µ-X)3X6]0/2-(M = Re and Tc, X = Cl, Br, I) Clusters Confirmed by Ring Current Analysis and Induced Magnetic Field. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter A. Rabanal-León
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Andres Bello; Av. República 275, Santiago, Chile República 275 Santiago Chile
| | - Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados; Unidad Mérida; Km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73 97310 Cordemex México
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Andres Bello; Av. República 275, Santiago, Chile República 275 Santiago Chile
| | - Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Andres Bello; Av. República 275, Santiago, Chile República 275 Santiago Chile
| | - Ramiro Arratia-Pérez
- Universidad Andrés Bello; Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular; República 275 Santiago Chile
| | - Luis Alvarez-Thon
- Facultad de Ingeniería; Universidad Central de Chile; Toesca 1783 Santiago Chile
| | - Juan J. Torres-Vega
- Facultad de Ciencias Físicas; Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; P.O. Box 14-0149 Lima Perú
| | - William Tiznado
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Andres Bello; Av. República 275, Santiago, Chile República 275 Santiago Chile
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14
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15
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Lu SJ. Probing the geometric structures and electronic properties of anionic and neutral Pt3C2 clusters by density functional calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Wang Y, Monfredini A, Deyris PA, Blanchard F, Derat E, Maestri G, Malacria M. All-metal aromatic cationic palladium triangles can mimic aromatic donor ligands with Lewis acidic cations. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7394-7402. [PMID: 29163890 PMCID: PMC5672843 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03475j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present that cationic rings can act as donor ligands thanks to suitably delocalized metal-metal bonds. This could grant parent complexes with the peculiar properties of aromatic rings that are crafted with main group elements. We assembled Pd nuclei into equilateral mono-cationic triangles with unhindered faces. Like their main group element counterparts and despite their positive charge, these noble-metal rings form stable bonding interactions with other cations, such as positively charged silver atoms, to deliver the corresponding tetranuclear dicationic complexes. Through a mix of modeling and experimental techniques we propose that this bonding mode is an original coordination-like one rather than a 4-centre-2-electron bond, which have already been observed in three dimensional aromatics. The present results thus pave the way for the use of suitable metal rings as ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Wang
- ICSN CNRS (UPR2301) , 1 Av. de la Terrasse, Bat. 27 , 91198 Gif s/Yvette , France
| | - Anna Monfredini
- Dipartimento SCVSA , Università degli Studi di Parma , 17/A Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy .
| | | | - Florent Blanchard
- ICSN CNRS (UPR2301) , 1 Av. de la Terrasse, Bat. 27 , 91198 Gif s/Yvette , France
| | - Etienne Derat
- UPMC Sorbonne Université , IPCM (UMR CNRS 8232) , 4 place Jussieu, C. 229 , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Giovanni Maestri
- ICSN CNRS (UPR2301) , 1 Av. de la Terrasse, Bat. 27 , 91198 Gif s/Yvette , France
- Dipartimento SCVSA , Università degli Studi di Parma , 17/A Parco Area delle Scienze , 43124 Parma , Italy .
| | - Max Malacria
- ICSN CNRS (UPR2301) , 1 Av. de la Terrasse, Bat. 27 , 91198 Gif s/Yvette , France
- UPMC Sorbonne Université , IPCM (UMR CNRS 8232) , 4 place Jussieu, C. 229 , 75005 Paris , France
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17
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Popov IA, Starikova AA, Steglenko DV, Boldyrev AI. Usefulness of the σ‐Aromaticity and σ‐Antiaromaticity Concepts for Clusters and Solid‐State Compounds. Chemistry 2017; 24:292-305. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Popov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University Old Main Hill 300 Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | - Alyona A. Starikova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachka Ave. 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V. Steglenko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachka Ave. 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University Old Main Hill 300 Logan Utah 84322 USA
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachka Ave. 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation
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18
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On the electronic structures and multiple aromaticity in the Ir 3 N 3 2+/0/2− clusters and the Ir 3 N 3 M −/0 or Ir 3 N 3 M 2 complexes with group IA/IIA metals. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Li X, Ren H, Huang X, Li S. First-Principles Study of Structural, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Metal-Centered Tetrahexahedral V 15⁺ Cluster. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7070164. [PMID: 28665337 PMCID: PMC5535230 DOI: 10.3390/nano7070164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The V-centered bicapped hexagonal antiprism structure (A), as the most stable geometry of the cationic V15⁺ cluster, is determined by using infrared multiple photo dissociation (IR-MPD) in combination with density functional theory computations. It is found that the A structure can be stabilized by 18 delocalized 3c-2e σ-bonds on outer V₃ triangles of the bicapped hexagonal antiprism surface and 12 delocalized 4c-2e σ-bonds on inner trigonal pyramidal V₄ moiety, and the features are related to the strong p-d hybridization of the cluster. The total magnetic moments on the cluster are predicted to be 2.0 µB, which come mainly from the central vanadium atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Hongjiang Ren
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Xinwei Huang
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Shuna Li
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
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20
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Jin B, Jin Q, Jin FK. On the electronic structures and s / p -orbital aromaticity in the Hg 3 Al 3 +/− , Hg 3 Al 3 Li, and Hg 3 Al 3 Be + clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Xia X, Kuang X, Lu C, Jin Y, Xing X, Merino G, Hermann A. Deciphering the Structural Evolution and Electronic Properties of Magnesium Clusters: An Aromatic Homonuclear Metal Mg17 Cluster. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7947-7954. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b07322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xia
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Department
of Physics, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Xiaoyu Kuang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department
of Physics, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
- Department
of Physics and High Pressure Science and Engineering Center, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaodong Xing
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios
Avanzados, Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Centre
for Science at Extreme Conditions and SUPA, School of Physics and
Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
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22
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Li X, Yan Z, Li S. The nature of structure and bonding between transition metal and mixed Si-Ge tetramers: A 20-electron superatom system. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:2316-23. [PMID: 27452479 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel superatom species with 20-electron system, Six Gey M(+) (x + y = 4; M = Nb, Ta), was properly proposed. The trigonal bipyramid structures for the studied systems were identified as the putative global minimum by means of the density functional theory calculations. The high chemical stability can be explained by the strong p-d hybridization between transition metal and mixed Si-Ge tetramers, and closed-shell valence electron configuration [1S(2) 1P(6) 2S(2) 1D(10) ]. Meanwhile, the chemical bondings between metal atom and the tetramers can be recognized by three localized two-center two-electron (2c-2e) and delocalized 3c-2e σ-bonds. For all the doped structures studied here, it was found that the π- and σ-electrons satisfy the 2(N + 1)(2) counting rule, and thus these clusters possess spherically double (π and σ) aromaticity, which is also confirmed by the negative nucleus-independent chemical shifts values. Consequently, all the calculated results provide a further understanding for structural stabilities and electronic properties of transition metal-doped semiconductor clusters. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
| | - Zhijun Yan
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
| | - Shuna Li
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
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23
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Higino Damasceno J, Teixeira Rabelo JN, Cândido L. Electron Correlation Effects in All-Metal Aromatic Clusters: A Quantum Monte Carlo Study. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7442-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Higino Damasceno
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás/Regional Jataı́, Regional Jataí BR 364, Km
195, 75801-615 Jataí, Goiás Brazil
| | | | - Ladir Cândido
- Instituto
de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás Brazil
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24
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Jimenez-Izal E, Alexandrova AN. σ-Aromaticity in polyhydride complexes of Ru, Ir, Os, and Pt. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11644-52. [PMID: 26414992 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04330a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal hydrides represent a unique class of compounds, which are essential for catalysis, organic synthesis, and hydrogen storage. In this work we study IrH5(PPh3)2, (RuH5(P(i)Pr3)2)(-), (OsH5(P(i)Pr3)2)(-), and OsH4(PPhMe2)3 polyhydride complexes, inspired by the recent discovery of the σ-aromatic PtZnH5(-) cluster anion. The distinctive feature of these molecules is that, like in the PtZnH5(-) cluster, the metal is five-fold coordinated in-plane, and holds additional ligands at the axial positions. This work shows that the unusual coordination in these compounds indeed can be explained by σ-aromaticity in the pentagonal arrangement, stabilized by the atomic orbitals on the metal. Based on this newly elucidated bonding principle, we additionally propose a new family of polyhydrides that display a uniquely high coordination. We also report the first indications of how aromaticity may impact the reactivity of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Jimenez-Izal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA.
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA. and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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25
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Min X, Popov IA, Pan F, Li L, Matito E, Sun Z, Wang L, Boldyrev AI. All‐Metal Antiaromaticity in Sb
4
‐Type Lanthanocene Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5531-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Min
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ivan A. Popov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 (U SA
| | - Fu‐Xing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei‐Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Eduard Matito
- Kimika Fakultatea Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) P.K. 1072 20080 Donostia Euskadi Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science 48011 Bilbao Spain
| | - Zhong‐Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lai‐Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 (U SA
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26
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Min X, Popov IA, Pan F, Li L, Matito E, Sun Z, Wang L, Boldyrev AI. All‐Metal Antiaromaticity in Sb
4
‐Type Lanthanocene Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Min
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ivan A. Popov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 (U SA
| | - Fu‐Xing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei‐Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Eduard Matito
- Kimika Fakultatea Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) P.K. 1072 20080 Donostia Euskadi Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science 48011 Bilbao Spain
| | - Zhong‐Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lai‐Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 (U SA
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27
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Theoretical predictions on structures and p-, s-orbital aromaticities of the Hg 3 B 3 +/−/3− , Hg 3 B 3 X (X = Li, Na, and K) and Hg 3 B 3 Mg + clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Boldyrev AI, Wang LS. Beyond organic chemistry: aromaticity in atomic clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11589-605. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07465g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe joint experimental and theoretical studies carried out collaboratively in the authors' labs for understanding the structures and chemical bonding of novel atomic clusters, which exhibit aromaticity.
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29
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Tian Z, Cheng L. First principles study on the structural evolution and properties of (MCl) n (n = 1–12, M = Cu, Ag) clusters. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01258b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Energetic gaps (E − Efit) and second differences of binding energies (Δ2E) for (CuCl)n and (AgCl)n clusters as a function of cluster size, n.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Tian
- Department of Chemistry
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
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30
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Robinson PJ, Alexandrova AN. Assessing the Bonding Properties of Individual Molecular Orbitals. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12862-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Robinson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles California 90095, United States
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems
Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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31
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Vásquez-Espinal A, Pino-Rios R, Alvarez-Thon L, Rabanal-León WA, Torres-Vega JJ, Arratia-Perez R, Tiznado W. New Insights into Re3(μ-Cl)3Cl6 Aromaticity. Evidence of σ- and π-Diatropicity. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4326-4330. [PMID: 26722969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have theoretically evaluated the behavior of the Re3(μ-Cl)3Cl6 cluster under magnetic perturbation, and it clearly shows that the magnetic response within the Re3(μ-Cl)3 plane is highly diatropic in nature. An analysis of both the magnetically induced current density (MICD) and induced magnetic field (B(ind)) allows us to classify this cluster as doubly σ- and also π-aromatic on the magnetic criterion. These findings contradict the classical Re-Re double bond representation and favor a chemical bonding pattern that involves delocalized bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luis Alvarez-Thon
- Departamento de Ciencias Fı́sicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello , República 220, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan J Torres-Vega
- Facultad de Ciencias Fı́sicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos , P.O. Box: 14-0149, Lima, Perú
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32
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Araújo DM, da Costa TF, Firme CL. Validation of the recently developed aromaticity index D3BIA for benzenoid systems. Case study: acenes. J Mol Model 2015; 21:248. [PMID: 26330174 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There are four types of aromaticity criteria: energetic, electronic, magnetic and geometric. The delocalization, density and degeneracy-based index of aromaticity, D3BIA, is an electronic aromaticity index from QTAIM that is not reference dependent and can be used for aromatic, homoaromatic, sigma aromatic and other aromatic systems with varying ring size containing hetereoatoms or not. We used B3LYP, MP2 and MP3 methods to search for linear relations between well-known aromaticity indices and D3BIA for a series of acenes. We found that the D3BIA versus FLU correlation exceeded 91 % and reasonably good correlations exist between D3BIA and HOMA and between D3BIA and PDI. Previous works have shown that D3BIA can be used for homoaromatic systems and tetrahedrane derivatives (sigma aromaticity), but no previous work has validated D3BIA for benzenoid systems. This is the first time we have shown that D3BIA can be used successfully for benzenoid systems, for example, acenes. This work supports and validates the use of D3BIA in classical aromatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diógenes Mendes Araújo
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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33
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Mercero JM, Boldyrev AI, Merino G, Ugalde JM. Recent developments and future prospects of all-metal aromatic compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6519-34. [PMID: 26058731 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00341e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The usefulness of aromaticity/antiaromaticity concepts to foresee structural stability patterns and salient features of the electronic structure of small inorganic and all-metal rings has been put forward. A critical revision of the advances made in the theoretical methods to assess the aromaticity/antiaromaticity of these compounds has also been made. In particular, the performance of local versus non-local indices has been reviewed. Finally, the passivation of these rings has been put forward as a key issue in order to prevent them from collapsing into larger aggregates and to provide them protection against the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Mercero
- IZO-SGI SGiker, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
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34
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Li X, Ren H, Yang X, Song J. Exploring the chemical bonding, infrared and UV-vis absorption spectra of OH radicals adsorption on the smallest fullerene. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 144:258-265. [PMID: 25766372 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the density-functional theory calculations were performed on C20 hydroxylated fullerene. B3LYP functionals with 6-31G(d,p) basis set were utilized to gain insight into the bonding characters and intramolecular interactions of hydroxyl groups adsorbed on the cage. Interestingly, we observed that the C20 cage has the bonding patterns with spherical orbitals configuration [1S(2)1P(6)1D(10)1F(2)], and the adsorbed hydroxyl groups significantly affect the chemical bonding of the cage surface. Analysis of vertical electron affinities and vertical ionization potentials indicates that the polyhydroxylated derivative with eight hydroxyl groups is more stable than others. The intramolecular interaction of these derivatives considered here reveals that the more the hydroxyl groups in derivatives, the stronger the interaction in stabilizing structures. On the basis of theoretical studies, the hydroxyl groups largely enhance the infrared intensities, especially for the polyhydroxylated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Hongjiang Ren
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Jing Song
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi Province, PR China
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35
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Abstract
This review describes the current state of magnetic criteria of aromaticity. The introduction contains the fundamentals of ring currents in aromatic and antiaromatic systems, followed by a brief description of experimental and computational tools: NMR, diamagnetic susceptibility exaltation, current density analyses (CDA) and nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS). This is followed by more comprehensive chapters: NMR - focusing on the work of R. Mitchell - NICS and CDA - describing the progress and development of the methods to their current state and presenting some examples of representative work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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36
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A multicentre-bonded [ZnI]8 cluster with cubic aromaticity. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6331. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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37
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38
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Perić M, Andjelković L, Zlatar M, Daul C, Gruden-Pavlović M. DFT investigation of the influence of Jahn–Teller distortion on the aromaticity in square-planar arsenic and antimony clusters. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Zhou K, Min S, Xue G, Huang W. Theoretical study of the structure, bonding and electronic behaviour of sandwich complexes [M 3 (C 7 H 7 ) 2 X 3 ] − (M = Ni, Pd, Pt; X = F, Cl). Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Zhang X, Liu G, Ganteför G, Bowen KH, Alexandrova AN. PtZnH5(-), A σ-Aromatic Cluster. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:1596-1601. [PMID: 26270102 DOI: 10.1021/jz500322n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a joint photoelectron spectroscopic and theoretical study of the PtZnH5(-) cluster anion. This cluster exhibited an unprecedented planar pentagonal coordination for Pt and an unusual stability and high intensity in the mass spectrum. Both are due to the σ-aromaticity found in the H5-cycle supported by the 5d orbitals on the Pt atom. σ-Aromaticity in all-H systems has been predicted in the past but never found in experimentally observed species. Besides fundamental importance, mixed transition-metal hydrides can be found as intermediates in catalytic processes, and thus, the unexpected stability facilitated by σ-aromaticity can be appreciated also in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Zhang
- †Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Gaoxiang Liu
- †Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Gerd Ganteför
- †Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kit H Bowen
- †Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- §California NanoSystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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41
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Synthesis of Triangular Tripalladium Cations as Noble-Metal Analogues of the Cyclopropenyl Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Blanchard S, Fensterbank L, Gontard G, Lacôte E, Maestri G, Malacria M. Synthesis of Triangular Tripalladium Cations as Noble-Metal Analogues of the Cyclopropenyl Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1987-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Xu L, Xia CJ, Wang LF, Xie L, Wang B, Zhang YF, Huang X. Structural evolution, sequential oxidation and chemical bonding in tri-yttrium oxide clusters: Y3Ox− and Y3Ox (x = 0–6). RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09202c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of regularities for Y3Ox−/0 (x = 0–6) and all-metal aromaticity of the Y3− cluster have been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Chan-Juan Xia
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Ling-Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Lu Xie
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Yong-Fan Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Xiamen, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Xiamen, PR China
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44
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Badri Z, Pathak S, Fliegl H, Rashidi-Ranjbar P, Bast R, Marek R, Foroutan-Nejad C, Ruud K. All-Metal Aromaticity: Revisiting the Ring Current Model among Transition Metal Clusters. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:4789-96. [DOI: 10.1021/ct4007184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Badri
- CEITEC − Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ−62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- School
of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shubhrodeep Pathak
- Raman Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N−0315 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Radovan Bast
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), CNRS/Université de Toulouse 3 (Paul Sabatier), 118 route de Narbonne, F−31062 Toulouse, France
- Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Radek Marek
- CEITEC − Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ−62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Center
for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ−62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- National Center
for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ−62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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45
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Kozlova SG, Ryzhikov MR, Gabuda SP, Fedorov VE. Nucleus-independent chemical shifts and aromaticity in hexanuclear cluster complexes [Mo6X8]n- (X = S, Se, and Te; n = 0 and 4) of Chevrel phases. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:11776-80. [PMID: 23116293 DOI: 10.1021/jp309634y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular diamagnetism and multicentered X-Mo-Mo and Mo-Mo-Mo interactions in hexanuclear cluster complexes [Mo(6)X(8)](n-) (X = S, Se, and Te; n = 0 and 4) are studied using calculations of nuclear independent chemical shifts (NICS) and the methods "atoms in molecules" and electron localization function. It is shown that [Mo(6)X(8)](4-) complexes are characterized by large negative NICSs related to the aromaticity of Mo-Mo bondings and to diatropic currents in Mo(6) metallic core of the cuboctahedral clusters. The calculated currents can participate in the mechanism of nucleation of the vortex lattice of macroscopic Abrikosov's electronic whirls responsible for the magnetic high-field stability of the superconducting currents in type II superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana G Kozlova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, Lavrentieva Av., 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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46
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The solid-state, solution and gas–phase interactions of diphosphane monooxide spacers with heavier group 8,9 transition metals and gallium in novel organometallic assemblies: An experimental and computational study. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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Foroutan-Nejad C. Al4(2-); the anion-π interactions and aromaticity in the presence of counter ions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9738-48. [PMID: 22684037 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40511c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of presence of counter ions and π-complexation with benzene on the bonding and magnetic properties of Al(4)(2-), the most studied all-metal cluster, is studied here. It is shown that complexation by either counter ions or benzene decreases the delocalization index between Al atoms and the magnitude of bond magnetizability, that is a Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, QTAIM, -based magnetic index of aromaticity. Benzene forms two types of π-complexes with the Al(4) framework; CH-π (T-shaped) complexes and parallel π-π stacking (PPS) complexes. It is shown that variation in the π-charge of the Al(4) framework affects the relative stability of the T-shaped/PPS complexes. Free Al(4)(2-) forms a stable T-shaped anion-π complex with benzene but in the presence of cations, formation of PPS complexes is more favourable, energetically. It is suggested that this property could be used for designing molecular switches and tuneable anion sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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48
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Theoretical study of structure, bonding, and electronic behavior of novel sandwich compounds M₃(C6R6)₂ (M = Ni, Pd, Pt; R = H, F). J Mol Model 2012; 18:4649-55. [PMID: 22648785 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The correlations between the structural and electronic properties of the monolayer clusters M₃ (where M = Ni, Pd, Pt) and the sandwich complexes M₃(C₆R₆)₂ (where M = Ni, Pd, Pt; R = H, F) were studied by performing quantum-chemical calculations. All of the sandwich complexes are strongly donating and backdonating metal-ligand bonding structures. The influence of the ligand as well as significant variations in the M-C, M-M, and C-C bond lengths and binding energies were examined to obtain a qualitative and quantitative picture of the intramolecular interactions in C₆R₆-M₃. Our theoretical investigations show that the binding energies of these sandwich complexes gradually decrease from Ni to Pt as well as from H to F, which can be explained via the frontier orbitals of the clusters M₃ and C₆R₆.
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49
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Ivanov AS, Boldyrev AI. Reliable predictions of unusual molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:15943-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42877f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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50
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Zhai HJ, Chen WJ, Huang X, Wang LS. On the electronic structure and conflicting d-orbital aromaticity in the Re3O3− cluster. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra00753c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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