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Levä T, Rissanen V, Nikkanen L, Siitonen V, Heilala M, Phiri J, Maloney TC, Kosourov S, Allahverdiyeva Y, Mäkelä M, Tammelin T. Mapping Nanocellulose- and Alginate-Based Photosynthetic Cell Factory Scaffolds: Interlinking Porosity, Wet Strength, and Gas Exchange. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3484-3497. [PMID: 37384553 PMCID: PMC10428157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
To develop efficient solid-state photosynthetic cell factories for sustainable chemical production, we present an interdisciplinary experimental toolbox to investigate and interlink the structure, operative stability, and gas transfer properties of alginate- and nanocellulose-based hydrogel matrices with entrapped wild-type Synechocystis PCC 6803 cyanobacteria. We created a rheological map based on the mechanical performance of the hydrogel matrices. The results highlighted the importance of Ca2+-cross-linking and showed that nanocellulose matrices possess higher yield properties, and alginate matrices possess higher rest properties. We observed higher porosity for nanocellulose-based matrices in a water-swollen state via calorimetric thermoporosimetry and scanning electron microscopy imaging. Finally, by pioneering a gas flux analysis via membrane-inlet mass spectrometry for entrapped cells, we observed that the porosity and rigidity of the matrices are connected to their gas exchange rates over time. Overall, these findings link the dynamic properties of the life-sustaining matrix to the performance of the immobilized cells in tailored solid-state photosynthetic cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuukka Levä
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ville Rissanen
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nikkanen
- Molecular
Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Vilja Siitonen
- Molecular
Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Heilala
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Josphat Phiri
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Thaddeus C. Maloney
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Sergey Kosourov
- Molecular
Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular
Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Mäkelä
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
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Xu M, Liu T, Qin M, Cheng Y, Lan W, Niu X, Wei Y, Hu Y, Lian X, Zhao L, Chen S, Chen W, Huang D. Bone-like hydroxyapatite anchored on alginate microspheres for bone regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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3
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Yokoi T, Mio A, Nakamura J, Sugawara-Narutaki A, Kawashita M, Ohtsuki C. Transformation behaviour of salts composed of calcium ions and phosphate esters with different linear alkyl chain structures in a simulated body fluid modified with alkaline phosphatase. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:341-351. [PMID: 35693889 PMCID: PMC9176335 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2074801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ceramic biomaterials have been used for the treatment of bone defects and have stimulated intense research on such materials. We have previously reported that a salt composed of calcium ions and a phosphate ester (SCPE) transformed into hydroxyapatite (HAp) in a simulated body fluid (SBF) modified with alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and proposed SCPEs as a new category of ceramic biomaterials, namely bioresponsive ceramics. However, the factors that affect the transformation of SCPEs to HAp in the SBF remained unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the behaviour of calcium salts of methyl phosphate (CaMeP), ethyl phosphate (CaEtP), butyl phosphate (CaBuP), and dodecyl phosphate (CaDoP) in SBF with and without ALP modification. For the standard SBF, an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that these SCPEs did not readily transform into calcium phosphate. However, CaMeP, CaEtP, and CaBuP were transformed into HAp and octacalcium phosphate in the SBF modified with ALP; therefore, these SCPEs can be categorised as bioresponsive ceramics. Although CaDoP did not exhibit a sufficient response to ALP to be detected by XRD, it is likely to be a bioresponsive ceramic based on the results of morphological observations. The transformation rate for the SCPEs decreased with increasing size of the linear alkyl group of the phosphate esters. The rate-determining steps for the transformation reaction of the SCPEs were changed from the dissolution of the SCPEs to the hydrolysis of the phosphate esters with increasing size of the phosphate ester alkyl groups. These findings contribute to designing novel bioresponsive ceramic biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Yokoi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Mio
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jin Nakamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Masakazu Kawashita
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikara Ohtsuki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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4
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Are the Closely Related Cobetia Strains of Different Species? Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030690. [PMID: 33525723 PMCID: PMC7865433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine bacteria of the genus Cobetia, which are promising sources of unique enzymes and secondary metabolites, were found to be complicatedly identified both by phenotypic indicators due to their ecophysiology diversity and 16S rRNA sequences because of their high homology. Therefore, searching for the additional methods for the species identification of Cobetia isolates is significant. The species-specific coding sequences for the enzymes of each functional category and different structural families were applied as additional molecular markers. The 13 closely related Cobetia isolates, collected in the Pacific Ocean from various habitats, were differentiated by the species-specific PCR patterns. An alkaline phosphatase PhoA seems to be a highly specific marker for C. amphilecti. However, the issue of C. amphilecti and C. litoralis, as well as C. marina and C. pacifica, belonging to the same or different species remains open.
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Strasser V, Matijaković N, Mihelj Josipović T, Kontrec J, Lyons DM, Kralj D, Dutour Sikirić M. Factors affecting calcium phosphate mineralization within bulk alginate hydrogels. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Aarstad O, Heggset EB, Pedersen IS, Bjørnøy SH, Syverud K, Strand BL. Mechanical Properties of Composite Hydrogels of Alginate and Cellulose Nanofibrils. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E378. [PMID: 30971055 PMCID: PMC6418825 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are attractive materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. CNF gels are generally weaker and more brittle than alginate gels, while alginate gels are elastic and have high rupture strength. Alginate properties depend on their guluronan and mannuronan content and their sequence pattern and molecular weight. Likewise, CNF exists in various qualities with properties depending on, e.g., morphology and charge density. In this study combinations of three types of alginate with different composition and two types of CNF with different charge and degree of fibrillation have been studied. Assessments of the composite gels revealed that attractive properties like high rupture strength, high compressibility, high gel rigidity at small deformations (Young's modulus), and low syneresis was obtained compared to the pure gels. The effects varied with relative amounts of CNF and alginate, alginate type, and CNF quality. The largest effects were obtained by combining oxidized CNF with the alginates. Hence, by combining the two biopolymers in composite gels, it is possible to tune the rupture strength, Young's modulus, syneresis, as well as stability in physiological saline solution, which are all important properties for the use as scaffolds in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olav Aarstad
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ellinor Bævre Heggset
- RISE PFI, Nanocellulose and carbohydrate polymers, Høgskoleringen 6b, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ina Sander Pedersen
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Sindre Hove Bjørnøy
- Department of Physics, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Kristin Syverud
- RISE PFI, Nanocellulose and carbohydrate polymers, Høgskoleringen 6b, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Berit Løkensgard Strand
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Ridi F, Meazzini I, Castroflorio B, Bonini M, Berti D, Baglioni P. Functional calcium phosphate composites in nanomedicine. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 244:281-295. [PMID: 27112061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) materials have many peculiar and intriguing properties. In nature, CaP is found in nanostructured form embedded in a soft proteic matrix as the main mineral component of bones and teeth. The extraordinary stoichiometric flexibility, the different stabilities exhibited by its different forms as a function of pH and the highly dynamic nature of its surface ions, render CaP one of the most versatile materials for nanomedicine. This review summarizes some of the guidelines so far emerged for the synthesis of CaP composites in aqueous media that endow the material with tailored crystallinity, morphology, size, and functional properties. First, we introduce very briefly the areas of application of CaP within the nanomedicine field. Then through some selected examples, we review some synthetic routes where the presence of functional units (small templating molecules like surfactants, or oligomers and polymers) assists the synthesis and at the same time impart the functionality or the responsiveness desired for the end-application of the material. Finally, we illustrate two examples from our laboratory, where CaP is decorated by biologically active polymers or prepared within a thermo- and magneto-responsive hydrogel, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ridi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Ilaria Meazzini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Benedetta Castroflorio
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Debora Berti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy.
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8
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Yu J, Xia H, Teramoto A, Ni QQ. Fabrication and characterization of shape memory polyurethane porous scaffold for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1132-1137. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juhong Yu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology; Shinshu University; 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Functional Machinery and Mechanics; Shinshu University; 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Akira Teramoto
- Department of Functional Polymer Science, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology; Shinshu University; 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Qing-Qing Ni
- Department of Functional Machinery and Mechanics; Shinshu University; 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310018 China
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Letter to the Editor re “Characterization of alginate-brushite in-situ hydrogel composites”. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:930-931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Bjørnøy SH, Mandaric S, Bassett DC, Åslund AK, Ucar S, Andreassen JP, Strand BL, Sikorski P. Gelling kinetics and in situ mineralization of alginate hydrogels: A correlative spatiotemporal characterization toolbox. Acta Biomater 2016; 44:243-53. [PMID: 27497844 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Due to their large water content and structural similarities to the extracellular matrix, hydrogels are an attractive class of material in the tissue engineering field. Polymers capable of ionotropic gelation are of special interest due to their ability to form gels at mild conditions. In this study we have developed an experimental toolbox to measure the gelling kinetics of alginate upon crosslinking with calcium ions. A reaction-diffusion model for gelation has been used to describe the diffusion of calcium within the hydrogel and was shown to match experimental observations well. In particular, a single set of parameters was able to predict gelation kinetics over a wide range of gelling ion concentrations. The developed model was used to predict the gelling time for a number of geometries, including microspheres typically used for cell encapsulation. We also demonstrate that this toolbox can be used to spatiotemporally investigate the formation and evolution of mineral within the hydrogel network via correlative Raman microspectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and electron microscopy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Hydrogels show great promise in cell-based tissue engineering, however new fabrication and modification methods are needed to realize the full potential of hydrogel based materials. The inclusion of an inorganic phase is one such approach and is known to affect both cell-material interactions and mechanical properties. This article describes the development of a correlative experimental approach where gel formation and mineralization has been investigated with spatial and temporal resolution by applying Raman microspectroscopy, optical and electron microscopy and a reaction-diffusion modeling scheme. Modeling allows us to predict gelling kinetics for other geometries and sizes than those investigated experimentally. Our experimental system enables non-destructive study of composite hydrogel systems relevant for, but not limited to, applications within bone tissue engineering.
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11
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Alendronate-modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for bone-specific dual delivery of drug and bone mineral. Macromol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-016-4094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Fradique R, Correia TR, Miguel SP, de Sá KD, Figueira DR, Mendonça AG, Correia IJ. Production of new 3D scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration by rapid prototyping. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:69. [PMID: 26886817 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of bone disorders, whether due to trauma or pathology, has been trending upward with the aging of the worldwide population. The currently available treatments for bone injuries are rather limited, involving mainly bone grafts and implants. A particularly promising approach for bone regeneration uses rapid prototyping (RP) technologies to produce 3D scaffolds with highly controlled structure and orientation, based on computer-aided design models or medical data. Herein, tricalcium phosphate (TCP)/alginate scaffolds were produced using RP and subsequently their physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties were characterized. The results showed that 60/40 of TCP and alginate formulation was able to match the compression and present a similar Young modulus to that of trabecular bone while presenting an adequate biocompatibility. Moreover, the biomineralization ability, roughness and macro and microporosity of scaffolds allowed cell anchoring and proliferation at their surface, as well as cell migration to its interior, processes that are fundamental for osteointegration and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fradique
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - T R Correia
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - S P Miguel
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - K D de Sá
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - D R Figueira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - A G Mendonça
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, R. Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - I J Correia
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Bjørnøy SH, Bassett DC, Ucar S, Andreassen JP, Sikorski P. Controlled mineralisation and recrystallisation of brushite within alginate hydrogels. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:015013. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/1/015013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Luo Y, Lode A, Wu C, Chang J, Gelinsky M. Alginate/nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds with designed core/shell structures fabricated by 3D plotting and in situ mineralization for bone tissue engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:6541-9. [PMID: 25761464 DOI: 10.1021/am508469h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Composite scaffolds, especially polymer/hydroxyapatite (HAP) composite scaffolds with predesigned structures, are promising materials for bone tissue engineering. Various methods including direct mixing of HAP powder with polymers or incubating polymer scaffolds in simulated body fluid for preparing polymer/HAP composite scaffolds are either uncontrolled or require long times of incubation. In this work, alginate/nano-HAP composite scaffolds with designed pore parameters and core/shell structures were fabricated using 3D plotting technique and in situ mineralization under mild conditions (at room temperature and without the use of any organic solvents). Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, microcomputer tomography, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were applied to characterize the fabricated scaffolds. Mechanical properties and protein delivery of the scaffolds were evaluated, as well as the cell response to the scaffolds by culturing human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC). The obtained data indicate that this method is suitable to fabricate alginate/nano-HAP composite scaffolds with a layer of nano-HAP, coating the surface of the alginate strands homogeneously and completely. The surface mineralization enhanced the mechanical properties and improved the cell attachment and spreading, as well as supported sustaining protein release, compared to pure alginate scaffolds without nano-HAP shell layer. The results demonstrated that the method provides an interesting option for bone tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Luo
- †State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
- ‡Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- ‡Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chengtie Wu
- †State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Jiang Chang
- †State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- ‡Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Westhrin M, Xie M, Olderøy MØ, Sikorski P, Strand BL, Standal T. Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in mineralized alginate matrices. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120374. [PMID: 25769043 PMCID: PMC4358956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineralized biomaterials are promising for use in bone tissue engineering. Culturing osteogenic cells in such materials will potentially generate biological bone grafts that may even further augment bone healing. Here, we studied osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment. MSC were embedded in unmodified alginate beads and alginate beads mineralized with ALP to generate a polymer/hydroxyapatite scaffold mimicking the composition of bone. The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. Cells in both types of beads sustained high viability and metabolic activity for the duration of the study (21 days) as evaluated by live/dead staining and alamar blue assay. MSC in beads induced to differentiate in osteogenic direction expressed higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) than MSC in traditional cell cultures. Furthermore, cells differentiated in beads expressed both sclerostin (SOST) and dental matrix protein-1 (DMP1), markers for late osteoblasts/osteocytes. In conclusion, Both ALP-modified and unmodified alginate beads provide an environment that enhance osteogenic differentiation compared with traditional 2D culture. Also, the ALP-modified alginate beads showed profound mineralization and thus have the potential to serve as a bone substitute in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Westhrin
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Minli Xie
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magnus Ø. Olderøy
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit L. Strand
- Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Therese Standal
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
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16
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Karewicz A, Zasada K, Bielska D, Douglas TEL, Jansen JA, Leeuwenburgh SCG, Nowakowska M. Alginate-hydroxypropylcellulose hydrogel microbeads for alkaline phosphatase encapsulation. J Microencapsul 2013; 31:68-76. [PMID: 23834314 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.805841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using proteins as therapeutics agents. Unfortunately, they suffer from limited stability and bioavailability. We aimed to develop a new delivery system for proteins. ALP, a model protein, was successfully encapsulated in the physically cross-linked sodium alginate/hydroxypropylcellulose (ALG-HPC) hydrogel microparticles. The obtained objects had regular, spherical shape and a diameter of ∼4 µm, as confirmed by optical microscopy and SEM analysis. The properties of the obtained microbeads could be controlled by temperature and additional coating or crosslinking procedures. The slow, sustained release of ALP in its active form with no initial burst effect was observed for chitosan-coated microspheres at pH = 7.4 and 37 °C. Activity of ALP released from ALG/HPC microspheres was confirmed by the occurance of effectively induced mineralization. SEM and AFM images revealed formation of the interpenetrated three-dimensional network of mineral, originating from the microbeads' surfaces. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed formation of hydroxyapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , 30-060 Kraków, Ingardena 3 , Poland
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17
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Bongio M, Nejadnik MR, Birgani ZT, Habibovic P, Kinard LA, Kasper FK, Mikos AG, Jansen JA, Leeuwenburgh SCG, van den Beucken JJJP. In Vitro and In Vivo Enzyme-Mediated Biomineralization of Oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) Fumarate Hydrogels. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:777-88. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kim Y, Kim G. Collagen/alginate scaffolds comprising core (PCL)–shell (collagen/alginate) struts for hard tissue regeneration: fabrication, characterisation, and cellular activities. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:3185-3194. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20485e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Feng D, Shi J, Wang X, Zhang L, Cao S. Hollow hybrid hydroxyapatite microparticles with sustained and pH-responsive drug delivery properties. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44609c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Olderøy MO, Xie M, Andreassen JP, Strand BL, Zhang Z, Sikorski P. Viscoelastic properties of mineralized alginate hydrogel beads. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:1619-1627. [PMID: 22552827 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Alginate hydrogels have applications in biomedicine, ranging from delivery of cells and growth factors to wound management aids. However, they are mechanically soft and have shown little potential for the use in bone tissue engineering. Here, the viscoelastic properties of alginate hydrogel beads mineralized with calcium phosphate, both by a counter-diffusion (CD) and an enzymatic approach, are characterized by a micro-manipulation technique and mathematical modeling. Fabricated hydrogel materials have low mineral content (below 3 % of the total hydrogel mass, which corresponds to mineral content of up to 60 % of the dry mass) and low dry mass content (<5 %). For all samples compression and hold (relaxation after compression) data was collected and analyzed. The apparent Young's modulus of the mineralized beads was estimated by the Hertz model (compression data) and was shown to increase up to threefold upon mineralization. The enzymatically mineralized beads showed higher apparent Young's modulus compared to the ones mineralized by CD, even though the mineral content of the former was lower. Full compression-relaxation force-time profiles were analyzed using viscoelastic model. From this analysis, infinite and instantaneous Young's moduli were determined. Similarly, enzymatic mineralized beads, showed higher instantaneous and infinite Young's modulus, even if the degree of mineralization is lower then that achieved for CD method. This leads to the conclusion that both the degree of mineralization and the spatial distribution of mineral are important for the mechanical performance of the composite beads, which is in analogy to highly structured mineralized tissues found in many organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus O Olderøy
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
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