1
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Căpățînă D, Feier B, Hosu O, Tertiș M, Cristea C. Analytical methods for the characterization and diagnosis of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1204:339696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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2
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Gao Y, Xu Y, Li Y, Chen K, Wu X, Liu Y, Feng X, Kong D, Ning X. The First FRET-Based RNA Aptamer NanoKit for Sensitively and Specifically Detecting c-di-GMP. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:716-725. [PMID: 34994567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An effective method to identify c-di-GMP may significantly facilitate the exploration of its signaling pathways and bacterial pathogenesis. Herein, we have developed the first conjugated polymer-amplified RNA aptamer NanoKit with a unique core-shell-shell architecture, which combines the advantages of high selectivity of RNA aptamers and high sensitivity of strong fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect, for precisely detecting c-di-GMP. We identified that NanoKit could selectively detect c-di-GMP with a low detection limit of 50 pM. Importantly, NanoKit could identify bacterial species and physiological states, such as planktonic, biofilm, and even antibiotic-resistance, on the basis of their different c-di-GMP expression patterns. Particularly, NanoKit could distinguish bacterial infection and inflammation and identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated pneumonia and sepsis, thereby guiding treatment choice and monitoring antibiotic effects. Therefore, NanoKit provides a promising strategy to rapidly identify c-di-GMP and its associated diseases and may benefit for pathophoresis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yurui Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kerong Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuli Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Desheng Kong
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinghai Ning
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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3
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Halte M, Wörmann ME, Bogisch M, Erhardt M, Tschowri N. BldD-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation for in vivo detection of the second messenger cyclic di-GMP. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:705-713. [PMID: 34961989 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The widespread bacterial second messenger bis-(3'-5')-cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is an important regulator of biofilm formation, virulence and cell differentiation. C-di-GMP-specific biosensors that allow detection and visualization of c-di-GMP levels in living cells are key to our understanding of how c-di-GMP fluctuations drive cellular responses. Here, we describe a novel c-di-GMP biosensor, CensYBL, that is based on c-di-GMP-induced dimerization of the effector protein BldD from Streptomyces resulting in bimolecular fluorescence complementation of split-YPet fusion proteins. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate that CensYBL is functional in detecting fluctuations in intracellular c-di-GMP levels in the Gram-negative model bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Using deletion mutants of c-di-GMP diguanylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases, we show that c-di-GMP dependent dimerization of CBldD-YPet results in fluorescence complementation reflecting intracellular c-di-GMP levels. Overall, we demonstrate that the CensYBL biosensor is a user-friendly and versatile tool that allows to investigate c-di-GMP variations using single-cell and population-wide experimental set-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Halte
- Institute for Biology / Bacterial Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirka E Wörmann
- Institute for Biology / Microbiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxim Bogisch
- Institute for Biology / Microbiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Erhardt
- Institute for Biology / Bacterial Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Tschowri
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419, Hannover, Germany
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4
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Moon JD, Wu J, Dey SK, Litke JL, Li X, Kim H, Jaffrey SR. Naturally occurring three-way junctions can be repurposed as genetically encoded RNA-based sensors. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1569-1580.e4. [PMID: 34010626 PMCID: PMC8573057 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules can be imaged in living cells using biosensors composed of RNA. However, RNA-based devices are difficult to design. Here, we describe a versatile platform for designing RNA-based fluorescent small-molecule sensors using naturally occurring highly stable three-way junction RNAs. We show that ligand-binding aptamers and fluorogenic aptamers can be inserted into three-way junctions and connected in a way that enables the three-way junction to function as a small-molecule-regulated fluorescent sensor in vitro and in cells. The sensors are designed so that the interhelical stabilizing interactions in the three-way junction are only induced upon ligand binding. We use these RNA-based devices to measure the dynamics of S-adenosylmethionine levels in mammalian cells in real time. We show that this strategy is compatible with diverse metabolite-binding RNA aptamers, fluorogenic aptamers, and three-way junctions. Overall, these data demonstrate a versatile method for readily generating RNA devices that function in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared D Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sourav K Dey
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jacob L Litke
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hyaeyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Samie R Jaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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5
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Głazowska S, Mravec J. An aptamer highly specific to cellulose enables the analysis of the association of cellulose with matrix cell wall polymers in vitro and in muro. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:579-599. [PMID: 34314513 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current toolbox of cell wall-directed molecular probes has been pivotal for advancing basic and application-oriented plant carbohydrate research; however, it still exhibits limitations regarding target diversity and specificity. Scarcity of probes targeting intramolecular associations between cell wall polymers particularly hinders our understanding of the cell wall microstructure and affects the development of effective means for its efficient deconstruction for bioconversion. Here we report a detailed characterization of a cellulose-binding DNA aptamer CELAPT MINI using a combination of various in vitro biochemical, biophysical, and molecular biology techniques. Our results show evidence for its high specificity towards long non-substituted β-(1-4)-glucan chains in both crystalline and amorphous forms. Fluorescent conjugates of CELAPT MINI are applicable as in situ cellulose probes and are well suited for various microscopy techniques, including super-resolution imaging. Compatibility of fluorescent CELAPT MINI variants with immunodetection of cell wall matrix polymers enabled them simultaneously to resolve the fibrillar organization of complex cellulose-enriched pulp material and to quantify the level of cellulose masking by xyloglucan and xylan. Using enzymatically, chemically, or genetically modulated Brachypodium internode sections we showed the diversity in cell wall packing among various cell types and even cell wall microdomains. We showed that xylan is the most prominent, but not the only, cellulose-masking agent in Brachypodium internode tissues. These results collectively highlight the hitherto unexplored potential to expand the cell wall probing toolbox with highly specific and versatile in vitro generated polynucleotide probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Głazowska
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1871, Denmark
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6
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Ryckelynck M. Development and Applications of Fluorogen/Light-Up RNA Aptamer Pairs for RNA Detection and More. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2166:73-102. [PMID: 32710404 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0712-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The central role of RNA in living systems made it highly desirable to have noninvasive and sensitive technologies allowing for imaging the synthesis and the location of these molecules in living cells. This need motivated the development of small pro-fluorescent molecules called "fluorogens" that become fluorescent upon binding to genetically encodable RNAs called "light-up aptamers." Yet, the development of these fluorogen/light-up RNA pairs is a long and thorough process starting with the careful design of the fluorogen and pursued by the selection of a specific and efficient synthetic aptamer. This chapter summarizes the main design and the selection strategies used up to now prior to introducing the main pairs. Then, the vast application potential of these molecules for live-cell RNA imaging and other applications is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ryckelynck
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, Strasbourg, France.
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7
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Nishio M, Tsukakoshi K, Ikebukuro K. G-quadruplex: Flexible conformational changes by cations, pH, crowding and its applications to biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:113030. [PMID: 33524709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4) is a non-canonical structure that is formed in G-rich sequences of nucleic acids. G4s play important roles in vivo, such as telomere maintenance, transcription, and DNA replication. There are three typical topologies of G4: parallel, anti-parallel, and hybrid. In general, metal cations, such as potassium and sodium, stabilize G4s through coordination in the G-quartet. While G4s have some functions in vivo, there are many reports of developed applications that use G4s. As various conformations of G4s could form from one sequence depending on varying conditions, many researchers have developed G4-based sensors. Furthermore, G4 is a great scaffold of aptamers since many aptamers folded into G4s have also been reported. However, there are some challenges about its practical use due to the difference between practical sample conditions and experimental ones. G4 conformations are dramatically altered by the surrounding conditions, such as metal cations, pH, and crowding. Many studies have been conducted to characterize G4 conformations under various conditions, not only to use G4s in practical applications but also to reveal its function in vivo. In this review, we summarize recent studies that have investigated the effects of surrounding conditions (e.g., metal cations, pH, and crowding) on G4 conformations and the application of G4s mainly in biosensor fields, and in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maui Nishio
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kaori Tsukakoshi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebukuro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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8
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Riboswitch-Mediated Detection of Metabolite Fluctuations During Live Cell Imaging of Bacteria. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2323:153-170. [PMID: 34086280 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1499-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Riboswitches are a class of noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression in response to changes in intracellular metabolite concentrations. When riboswitches are placed upstream of genetic reporters, the degree of reporter activity reflects the relative abundance of the metabolite that is sensed by the riboswitch. This method describes how reporters for live cell imaging, such as yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), can be placed under genetic control by metabolite-sensing riboswitches in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Specifically, a protocol for generating a fluorescent YFP reporter, based on a c-di-GMP responsive riboswitch, is outlined below.
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9
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Karanja CW, Yeboah KS, Ong WWS, Sintim HO. A STING-based fluorescent polarization assay for monitoring activities of cyclic dinucleotide metabolizing enzymes. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 2:206-214. [PMID: 34458783 PMCID: PMC8341399 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00187b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleoties, such as cGAMP, c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP, are fascinating second messengers with diverse roles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Consequently there is a need for simple and inexpensive methods for profiling these compounds in biological media, monitoring their synthesis or degradation by enzymes and for identifying inhibitors of proteins that metabolize or bind to these dinucleotides. Since 2011, when we reported the first simple method to detect c-di-GMP (S. Nakayama, I. Kelsey, J. Wang, K. Roelofs, B. Stefane, Y. Luo, V. T. Lee and H. O. Sintim, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 4856) or in 2014 when we revealed another surprisingly simple assay to detect c-di-AMP (J. Zhou, D. A. Sayre, Y. Zheng, H. Szmacinski and H. O. Sintim, Anal. Chem., 2014, 86, 2412), there have been efforts to develop assays to detect cyclic dinucleotides by others. However a unified and simple assay, which can be used for all cyclic dinucleotides is lacking. Here, we investigate STING binding by various fluorescein-labeled c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP and cGAMP, using fluorescent polarization (FP). Fluorescein-labeled c-di-GMP (F-c-di-GMP) was found to be the best binder of STING. This probe could be displaced by unlabeled cGAMP, c-di-AMP or c-di-GMP and hence it is a universal probe, which can be used to monitor all three dinucleotides. HPLC analysis was used to validate the new F-c-di-GMP-based FP assay. Cyclic dinucleoties, such as cGAMP, c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP, are fascinating second messengers with diverse roles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline W Karanja
- Department of Chemistry 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2084 USA
| | - Kofi S Yeboah
- Department of Chemistry 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2084 USA
| | - Wilson W S Ong
- Department of Chemistry 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2084 USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2084 USA.,Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University 720 Clinic Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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10
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Petchiappan A, Naik SY, Chatterji D. Tracking the homeostasis of second messenger cyclic-di-GMP in bacteria. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:719-730. [PMID: 32060735 PMCID: PMC7311556 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is an important second messenger in bacteria which regulates the bacterial transition from motile to sessile phase and also plays a major role in processes such as cell division, exopolysaccharide synthesis, and biofilm formation. Due to its crucial role in dictating the bacterial phenotype, the synthesis and hydrolysis of c-di-GMP is tightly regulated via multiple mechanisms. Perturbing the c-di-GMP homeostasis affects bacterial growth and survival, so it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms related to c-di-GMP metabolism. Most techniques used for estimating the c-di-GMP concentration lack single-cell resolution and do not provide information about any heterogeneous distribution of c-di-GMP inside cells. In this review, we briefly discuss how the activity of c-di-GMP metabolising enzymes, particularly bifunctional proteins, is modulated to maintain c-di-GMP homeostasis. We further highlight how fluorescence-based methods aid in understanding the spatiotemporal regulation of c-di-GMP signalling. Finally, we discuss the blind spots in our understanding of second messenger signalling and outline how they can be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujay Y Naik
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Dipankar Chatterji
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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11
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Xuan TF, Liu J, Wang ZQ, Chen WM, Lin J. Fluorescent Detection of the Ubiquitous Bacterial Messenger 3',5' Cyclic Diguanylic Acid by Using a Small Aromatic Molecule. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3163. [PMID: 31993044 PMCID: PMC6970945 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
3′,5′ Cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) has been shown to play a central role in the regulation of bacterial physiological processes such as biofilm formation and virulence production, and is regarded as a potential target for the development of anti-infective drugs. A method for the facile detection of the bacterial level of cellular c-di-GMP is required to explore the details of c-di-GMP signaling and design drugs on the basis of this pathway. Current methods of c-di-GMP detection have limited sensitivity or difficultly in probe preparation. Herein a new fluorescent probe is reported for the detection of c-di-GMP at concentrations as low as 500 nM. The probe was developed on the basis of the G-quadruplex formation of c-di-GMP induced by aromatic molecules. When used on crude bacterial cell lysates, it can effectively distinguish between the low c-di-GMP levels of bacteria in plankton and the high c-di-GMP levels in biofilm. The method described here is simple, inexpensive, sensitive, and suitable for practical applications involving the rapid detection of cellular c-di-GMP levels in vitro after simple bacterial lysis and filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Fei Xuan
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lin
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Deng H, Yan S, Huang Y, Lei C, Nie Z. Design strategies for fluorescent proteins/mimics and their applications in biosensing and bioimaging. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Karunanayake Mudiyanselage APKK, Wu R, Leon-Duque MA, Ren K, You M. "Second-generation" fluorogenic RNA-based sensors. Methods 2019; 161:24-34. [PMID: 30660865 PMCID: PMC6589113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A fluorogenic aptamer can specifically interact with a fluorophore to activate its fluorescence. These nucleic acid-based fluorogenic modules have been dramatically developed over the past decade, and have been used as versatile reporters in the sensor development and for intracellular imaging. In this review, we summarize the design principles, applications, and challenges of the first-generation fluorogenic RNA-based sensors. Moreover, we discuss some strategies to develop next-generation biosensors with improved sensitivity, selectivity, quantification property, and eukaryotic robustness. Using genetically encoded catalytic hairpin assembly strategy as an example, we further introduce a standard protocol to design, characterize, and apply these fluorogenic RNA-based sensors for in vitro detection and cellular imaging of target biomolecules. By incorporating natural RNA machineries, nucleic acid nanotechnology, and systematic evolution approaches, next-generation fluorogenic RNA-based devices can be potentially engineered to be widely applied in cell biology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rigumula Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Mark A Leon-Duque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kewei Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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14
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Ying ZM, Xiao HY, Tang H, Yu RQ, Jiang JH. Light-up RNA aptamer enabled label-free protein detection via a proximity induced transcription assay. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8877-8880. [PMID: 30043035 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04498h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel proximity induced transcription assay for highly sensitive protein detection based on protein mediated ligation of a DNA template with the transcription of a light-up RNA aptamer for signal amplification has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Ming Ying
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
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15
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Tang X, Deng R, Sun Y, Ren X, Zhou M, Li J. Amplified Tandem Spinach-Based Aptamer Transcription Enables Low Background miRNA Detection. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10001-10008. [PMID: 30016869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in regulating gene expression and cell functions, which are recognized as potential biomarkers for many human diseases. Sensitive, specific, and reliable detection of miRNA is highly demanded for clinical diagnosis and therapy. Herein, we describe a label-free and low-background fluorescent assay, termed amplified tandem Spinach-based aptamer transcription assay (AmptSpi assay) for highly sensitive miRNA detection by polymeric rolling circle amplicon mediated multiple transcription. Target miRNA is recognized by padlock probe to form polymeric rolling circle amplicon. Then the following transcription process rapidly produces large amounts of repeats of RNA Spinach aptamers, lightened up by the addition of fluorescent dye DFHBI for miRNA quantitative analysis, achieving label-free and nearly zero-background. Besides, the assay could also confer high selectivity to distinguish miRNA among the miRNA family members with 1- or 2-nucleotide (nt) difference. This method was capable of completing detection in human serum sample or cell extracts in hours, indicating great potential in the early diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Ruijie Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Mengxi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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16
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Foletti C, Kramer RA, Mauser H, Jenal U, Bleicher KH, Wennemers H. Functionalized Proline-Rich Peptides Bind the Bacterial Second Messenger c-di-GMP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Foletti
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Rolf A. Kramer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Harald Mauser
- Discovery Chemistry, PRCB; F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG; Grenzacherstr. 124 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Urs Jenal
- Biozentrum; University of Basel; Klingelbergstr, 50/70 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Konrad H. Bleicher
- Discovery Chemistry, PRCB; F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG; Grenzacherstr. 124 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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17
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Foletti C, Kramer RA, Mauser H, Jenal U, Bleicher KH, Wennemers H. Functionalized Proline-Rich Peptides Bind the Bacterial Second Messenger c-di-GMP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [PMID: 29521445 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
c-di-GMP is an attractive target in the fight against bacterial infections since it is a near ubiquitous second messenger that regulates important cellular processes of pathogens, including biofilm formation and virulence. Screening of a combinatorial peptide library enabled the identification of the proline-rich tetrapeptide Gup-Gup-Nap-Arg, which binds c-di-GMP selectively over other nucleotides in water. Computational and CD spectroscopic studies provided a possible binding mode of the complex and enabled the design of a pentapeptide with even higher binding strength towards c-di-GMP. Biological studies showed that the tetrapeptide inhibits biofilm growth by the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Foletti
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf A Kramer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Harald Mauser
- Discovery Chemistry, PRCB, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstr. 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Jenal
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr, 50/70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konrad H Bleicher
- Discovery Chemistry, PRCB, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstr. 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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18
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Zhou J, Opoku-Temeng C, Sintim HO. Fluorescent 2-Aminopurine c-di-GMP and GpG Analogs as PDE Probes. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1657:245-261. [PMID: 28889299 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7240-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
c-di-GMP is widely recognized as an important ubiquitous signaling molecule in bacteria. c-di-GMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate the intracellular concentration of c-di-GMP and some could be potential drug targets. Here, we describe a class of dinucleotide probes suitable for monitoring the enzymatic activities of c-di-GMP PDEs in real time. Such probes contain fluorescent nucleobases and can be readily cleaved by PDEs, resulting in a change in fluorescence. Fluorescent cyclic and linear dinucleotide probes could be used in diverse applications, such as confirming the activity of an expressed PDE or oligoribonuclease (Orns) or identifying inhibitors of PDEs or Orns using high-throughput screening formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 500 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Clement Opoku-Temeng
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 500 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Biochemistry Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 500 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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19
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Eli D, Randall TE, Almblad H, Harrison JJ, Banin E. Measuring Cyclic Diguanylate (c-di-GMP)-Specific Phosphodiesterase Activity Using the MANT-c-di-GMP Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1657:263-278. [PMID: 28889300 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7240-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The second messenger, cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP), regulates a variety of bacterial cellular and social behaviors. A key determinant of c-di-GMP levels in cells is its degradation by c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Here, we describe an assay to determine c-di-GMP degradation rates in vitro using 2'-O-(N'-methylanthraniloyl)-cyclic diguanylate (MANT-c-di-GMP). Additionally, a protocol for the production and purification of recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa RocR, a c-di-GMP-specific PDE that may serve as a control in MANT-c-di-GMP assays, is provided. The use of the fluorescent MANT-c-di-GMP analogue can deliver fundamental information about PDE function, and is suitable for identifying and investigating c-di-GMP-specific PDE activators and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Eli
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Center for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Trevor E Randall
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - Henrik Almblad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - Joe J Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4.
| | - Ehud Banin
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Center for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
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20
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Ying ZM, Tu B, Liu L, Tang H, Tang LJ, Jiang JH. Spinach-based fluorescent light-up biosensors for multiplexed and label-free detection of microRNAs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3010-3013. [PMID: 29511749 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00123e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel Spinach-based fluorescent light-up biosensor utilizing the T7 in vitro transcription process to generate unmodified Spinach sequences for multiplexed microRNA detection has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Ming Ying
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Tu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Lan Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Tang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Juan Tang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
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21
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Morse DP, Nevins CE, Aggrey-Fynn J, Bravo RJ, Pfaeffle HOI, Laney JE. Sensitive and specific detection of ligands using engineered riboswitches. J Biotechnol 2018. [PMID: 29518463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Riboswitches are RNA elements found in non-coding regions of messenger RNAs that regulate gene expression through a ligand-triggered conformational change. Riboswitches typically bind tightly and specifically to their ligands, so they have the potential to serve as highly effective sensors in vitro. In B. subtilis and other gram-positive bacteria, purine nucleotide synthesis is regulated by riboswitches that bind to guanine. We modified the xpt-pbuX guanine riboswitch for use in a fluorescence quenching assay that allowed us to specifically detect and quantify guanine in vitro. Using this assay, we reproducibly detected as little as 5 nM guanine. We then produced sensors for 2'-deoxyguanosine and cyclic diguanylate (c-diGMP) by appending the P1 stem of the guanine riboswitch to the ligand-binding domains of a 2'-deoxyguanosine riboswitch and a c-diGMP riboswitch. These hybrid sensors could detect 15 nM 2'-deoxyguanosine and 3 nM c-diGMP, respectively. Each sensor retained the ligand specificity of its corresponding natural riboswitch. In order to extend the utility of our approach, we developed a strategy for the in vitro selection of sensors with novel ligand specificity. Here we report a proof-of-principle experiment that demonstrated the feasibility of our selection strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Morse
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA.
| | - Colin E Nevins
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
| | - Joana Aggrey-Fynn
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rick J Bravo
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
| | - Herman O I Pfaeffle
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
| | - Jess E Laney
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
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22
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Bouhedda F, Autour A, Ryckelynck M. Light-Up RNA Aptamers and Their Cognate Fluorogens: From Their Development to Their Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010044. [PMID: 29295531 PMCID: PMC5795994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An RNA-based fluorogenic module consists of a light-up RNA aptamer able to specifically interact with a fluorogen to form a fluorescent complex. Over the past decade, significant efforts have been devoted to the development of such modules, which now cover the whole visible spectrum, as well as to their engineering to serve in a wide range of applications. In this review, we summarize the different strategies used to develop each partner (the fluorogen and the light-up RNA aptamer) prior to giving an overview of their applications that range from live-cell RNA imaging to the set-up of high-throughput drug screening pipelines. We then conclude with a critical discussion on the current limitations of these modules and how combining in vitro selection with screening approaches may help develop even better molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Bouhedda
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, UPR 9002, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Alexis Autour
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, UPR 9002, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Michael Ryckelynck
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, UPR 9002, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
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23
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Synthetic biological approaches for RNA labelling and imaging: design principles and future opportunities. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 48:153-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Fernandez-Millan P, Autour A, Ennifar E, Westhof E, Ryckelynck M. Crystal structure and fluorescence properties of the iSpinach aptamer in complex with DFHBI. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 23:1788-1795. [PMID: 28939697 PMCID: PMC5689000 DOI: 10.1261/rna.063008.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorogenic RNA aptamers are short nucleic acids able to specifically interact with small molecules and strongly enhance their fluorescence upon complex formation. Among the different systems recently introduced, Spinach, an aptamer forming a fluorescent complex with the 3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone (DFHBI), is one of the most promising. Using random mutagenesis and ultrahigh-throughput screening, we recently developed iSpinach, an improved version of the aptamer, endowed with an increased folding efficiency and thermal stability. iSpinach is a shorter version of Spinach, comprising five mutations for which the exact role has not yet been deciphered. In this work, we cocrystallized a reengineered version of iSpinach in complex with the DFHBI and solved the X-ray structure of the complex at 2 Å resolution. Only a few mutations were required to optimize iSpinach production and crystallization, underlying the good folding capacity of the molecule. The measured fluorescence half-lives in the crystal were 60% higher than in solution. Comparisons with structures previously reported for Spinach sheds some light on the possible function of the different beneficial mutations carried by iSpinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Fernandez-Millan
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexis Autour
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Ennifar
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Westhof
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael Ryckelynck
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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25
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RNA-Based Fluorescent Biosensors for Detecting Metabolites in vitro and in Living Cells. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2017; 82:187-203. [PMID: 29413520 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Genetically encoded sensors are important tools for measuring metabolites and other small molecules in vitro and in live cells. Until recently, genetically encoded sensors exclusively comprised fluorescent proteins that undergo changes in Förster resonance energy transfer upon binding a target analyte. However, recently a new class of fluorescent sensor has been developed composed of RNA. These RNA-based sensors rely on Spinach and other RNA mimics of green fluorescent protein. In each case, the RNA-based sensors contain an analyte-binding aptamer domain which transduces binding of the analyte into a conformational change in Spinach. Two types of sensors have been developed: allosteric Spinach sensors and Spinach riboswitches. Allosteric Spinach sensors exhibit metabolite-induced folding and subsequent fluorescence. Spinach riboswitches are naturally occurring riboswitches that have been modified to contain the Spinach aptamer. The resulting RNA is a fluorogenic riboswitch, and produces fluorescence upon binding its cognate analyte. We describe the development of this new technology, its uses, and future directions to facilitate the use of this assay technology in mammalian cells and in high-throughput applications.
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26
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Masuda I, Igarashi T, Sakaguchi R, Nitharwal RG, Takase R, Han KY, Leslie BJ, Liu C, Gamper H, Ha T, Sanyal S, Hou YM. A genetically encoded fluorescent tRNA is active in live-cell protein synthesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:4081-4093. [PMID: 27956502 PMCID: PMC5397188 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) perform essential tasks for all living cells. They are major components of the ribosomal machinery for protein synthesis and they also serve in non-ribosomal pathways for regulation and signaling metabolism. We describe the development of a genetically encoded fluorescent tRNA fusion with the potential for imaging in live Escherichia coli cells. This tRNA fusion carries a Spinach aptamer that becomes fluorescent upon binding of a cell-permeable and non-toxic fluorophore. We show that, despite having a structural framework significantly larger than any natural tRNA species, this fusion is a viable probe for monitoring tRNA stability in a cellular quality control mechanism that degrades structurally damaged tRNA. Importantly, this fusion is active in E. coli live-cell protein synthesis allowing peptidyl transfer at a rate sufficient to support cell growth, indicating that it is accommodated by translating ribosomes. Imaging analysis shows that this fusion and ribosomes are both excluded from the nucleoid, indicating that the fusion and ribosomes are in the cytosol together possibly engaged in protein synthesis. This fusion methodology has the potential for developing new tools for live-cell imaging of tRNA with the unique advantage of both stoichiometric labeling and broader application to all cells amenable to genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Masuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Takao Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Reiko Sakaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ram G Nitharwal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box-596, BMC 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ryuichi Takase
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Kyu Young Han
- Department of Physics and Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,CREOL, College of Optics & Photonics, University of Central Florida, 4304 Scorpius St., Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Benjamin J Leslie
- Department of Physics and Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Howard Gamper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Physics and Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Suparna Sanyal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box-596, BMC 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ya-Ming Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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27
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Gürsoy UK, Gürsoy M, Könönen E, Sintim HO. Cyclic Dinucleotides in Oral Bacteria and in Oral Biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:273. [PMID: 28680857 PMCID: PMC5478684 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity acts as a reservoir of bacterial pathogens for systemic infections and several oral microorganisms have been linked to systemic diseases. Quorum sensing and cyclic dinucleotides, two "decision-making" signaling systems, communicate to regulate physiological process in bacteria. Discovery of cyclic dinucleotides has a long history, but the progress in our understanding of how cyclic dinucleotides regulate bacterial lifestyle is relatively new. Oral microorganisms form some of the most intricate biofilms, yet c-di-GMP, and c-di-AMP signaling have been rarely studied in oral biofilms. Recent studies demonstrated that, with the aid of bacterial messenger molecules and their analogs, it is possible to activate host innate and adaptive immune responses and epithelial integrity with a dose that is relevant to inhibit bacterial virulence mechanisms, such as fimbriae and exopolysaccharide production, biofilm formation, and host cell invasion. The aim of this perspective article is to present available information on cyclic dinucleotides in oral bacteria and in oral biofilms. Moreover, technologies that can be used to detect cyclic dinucleotides in oral biofilms are described. Finally, directions for future research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi K Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of TurkuTurku, Finland.,Oral Health Care, Welfare DivisionCity of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, United States
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28
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Ausländer S, Ausländer D, Fussenegger M. Synthetische Biologie - die Synthese der Biologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ausländer
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering; ETH Zürich; Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel Schweiz
| | - David Ausländer
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering; ETH Zürich; Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel Schweiz
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering; ETH Zürich; Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel Schweiz
- Faculty of Science; Universität Basel; Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel Schweiz
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29
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Ausländer S, Ausländer D, Fussenegger M. Synthetic Biology-The Synthesis of Biology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6396-6419. [PMID: 27943572 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology concerns the engineering of man-made living biomachines from standardized components that can perform predefined functions in a (self-)controlled manner. Different research strategies and interdisciplinary efforts are pursued to implement engineering principles to biology. The "top-down" strategy exploits nature's incredible diversity of existing, natural parts to construct synthetic compositions of genetic, metabolic, or signaling networks with predictable and controllable properties. This mainly application-driven approach results in living factories that produce drugs, biofuels, biomaterials, and fine chemicals, and results in living pills that are based on engineered cells with the capacity to autonomously detect and treat disease states in vivo. In contrast, the "bottom-up" strategy seeks to be independent of existing living systems by designing biological systems from scratch and synthesizing artificial biological entities not found in nature. This more knowledge-driven approach investigates the reconstruction of minimal biological systems that are capable of performing basic biological phenomena, such as self-organization, self-replication, and self-sustainability. Moreover, the syntheses of artificial biological units, such as synthetic nucleotides or amino acids, and their implementation into polymers inside living cells currently set the boundaries between natural and artificial biological systems. In particular, the in vitro design, synthesis, and transfer of complete genomes into host cells point to the future of synthetic biology: the creation of designer cells with tailored desirable properties for biomedicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ausländer
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Ausländer
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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30
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Jones CP, Ferré-D'Amaré AR. Long-Range Interactions in Riboswitch Control of Gene Expression. Annu Rev Biophys 2017; 46:455-481. [PMID: 28375729 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-070816-034042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Riboswitches are widespread RNA motifs that regulate gene expression in response to fluctuating metabolite concentrations. Known primarily from bacteria, riboswitches couple specific ligand binding and changes in RNA structure to mRNA expression in cis. Crystal structures of the ligand binding domains of most of the phylogenetically widespread classes of riboswitches, each specific to a particular metabolite or ion, are now available. Thus, the bound states-one end point-have been thoroughly characterized, but the unbound states have been more elusive. Consequently, it is less clear how the unbound, sensing riboswitch refolds into the ligand binding-induced output state. The ligand recognition mechanisms of riboswitches are diverse, but we find that they share a common structural strategy in positioning their binding sites at the point of the RNA three-dimensional fold where the residues farthest from one another in sequence meet. We review how riboswitch folds adhere to this fundamental strategy and propose future research directions for understanding and harnessing their ability to specifically control gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Jones
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20824;
| | - Adrian R Ferré-D'Amaré
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20824;
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31
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Genetic biosensors for small-molecule products: Design and applications in high-throughput screening. Front Chem Sci Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-017-1629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Recurrent RNA motifs as scaffolds for genetically encodable small-molecule biosensors. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:295-301. [PMID: 28092358 PMCID: PMC5310984 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric RNA devices are increasingly viewed as important tools capable of monitoring enzyme evolution, optimizing engineered metabolic pathways, facilitating gene discovery and regulators of nucleic acid-based therapeutics. A key bottleneck in the development of these platforms is the availability of small molecule binding RNA aptamers that robustly function in the cellular environment. While aptamers can be raised against nearly any desired target by in vitro selection, many cannot be easily integrated into devices or do not reliably function in a cellular context. Here, we describe a new approach using secondary and tertiary structural scaffolds derived from biologically active riboswitches and small ribozymes. Applied to neurotransmitter precursors 5-hydroxytryptophan and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, this approach yields easily identifiable and characterizable aptamers predisposed for coupling to readout domains to engineer nucleic acid sensory devices that function in vitro and in the cellular context.
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Zhou J, Zheng Y, Roembke BT, Robinson S, Opoku-Temeng C, Sayre DA, Sintim HO. Fluorescent analogs of cyclic and linear dinucleotides as phosphodiesterase and oligoribonuclease activity probes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25394f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Aminopurine or etheno adenosine cyclic dinucleotide probes can report the activity of cyclic dinucleotide PDEs or oligoribonucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yue Zheng
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Benjamin T. Roembke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
| | - Sarah M. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
| | - Clement Opoku-Temeng
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - David A. Sayre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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34
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Tsuji G, Sintim HO. Cyclic dinucleotide detection with riboswitch-G-quadruplex hybrid. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:773-7. [PMID: 26739090 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00751h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic dinucleotide riboswitch has been fused with a G-quadruplex motif to produce a conditional riboswitch-peroxidase-mimicking sensor that oxidizes both colorimetric and fluorogenic substrates in the presence of c-di-GMP. We find that signal-to-noise ratio could be improved by using a two-, not three-, floor split G-quadruplex for this conditional peroxidase-mimicking riboswitch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genichiro Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA and Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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35
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Detection of human immunodeficiency virus RNAs in living cells using Spinach RNA aptamers. Virus Res 2016; 228:141-146. [PMID: 27914932 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many techniques currently used to measure HIV RNA production in cells suffer from limitations that include high background signal or the potential to destroy cellular context. Fluorophore-binding RNA aptamers offer the potential for visualizing RNAs directly in living cells with minimal cellular perturbation. We inserted a sequence encoding a fluorophore-binding RNA aptamer, known as Spinach, into the HIV genome such that predicted RNA secondary structures in both Spinach and HIV were preserved. Chimeric HIV-Spinach RNAs were functionally validated in vitro by testing their ability to enhance the fluorescence of a conditional fluorophore (DFHBI), which specifically binds Spinach. Fluorescence microscopy and PCR were used to verify expression of HIV-Spinach RNAs in human cells. HIV-1 gag RNA production and fluorescence were measured by qPCR and fluorometry, respectively. HIV-Spinach RNAs were fluorometrically detectable in vitro and were transcribed in human cell lines and primary cells, with both spliced and unspliced species detected by PCR. HIV-Spinach RNAs were visible by fluorescence microscopy in living cells, although signal was reproducibly weak. Cells expressing HIV-Spinach RNAs were capable of producing fluorometrically detectable virions, although detection of single viral particles was not possible. In summary, we have investigated a novel method for detecting HIV RNAs in living cells using the Spinach RNA aptamer. Despite the limitations of the present aptamer/fluorophore combination, this is the first application of this technology to an infectious disease and provides a foundation for future research into improved methods for studying HIV expression.
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36
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Kato T, Shimada I, Kimura R, Hyuga M. Light-up fluorophore--DNA aptamer pair for label-free turn-on aptamer sensors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4041-4. [PMID: 26891088 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08816j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a light-up fluorophore-DNA aptamer pair for label-free aptamer sensors that fluoresce upon binding to the analyte. A 42mer DNA aptamer binding to the environment-sensitive fluorophore, dapoxyl, which increased the fluorescence by more than 700-fold upon binding, was successfully used to construct aptamer sensors by fusion with analyte-binding DNA aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teru Kato
- Graduate School of Bionics, Computer and Media Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan.
| | - Ippei Shimada
- Graduate School of Bionics, Computer and Media Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan.
| | - Ryota Kimura
- Graduate School of Bionics, Computer and Media Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan.
| | - Masumi Hyuga
- Graduate School of Bionics, Computer and Media Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan.
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37
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Kikuchi N, Kolpashchikov DM. Split Spinach Aptamer for Highly Selective Recognition of DNA and RNA at Ambient Temperatures. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1589-92. [PMID: 27305425 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Split spinach aptamer (SSA) probes for fluorescent analysis of nucleic acids were designed and tested. In SSA design, two RNA or RNA/DNA strands hybridized to a specific nucleic acid analyte and formed a binding site for low-fluorescent 3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone (DFHBI) dye, which resulted in up to a 270-fold increase in fluorescence. The major advantage of the SSA over state-of-the art fluorescent probes is high selectivity: it produces only background fluorescence in the presence of a single-base-mismatched analyte, even at room temperature. SSA is therefore a promising tool for label-free analysis of nucleic acids at ambient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Kikuchi
- Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32816-2366, USA
| | - Dmitry M Kolpashchikov
- Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32816-2366, USA.
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38
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Abstract
Seeing is not only believing; it also includes understanding. Cellular imaging with GFP in live cells has been transformative in many research fields. Modulation of cellular regulation is tightly regulated and innovative imaging technologies contribute to further understand cellular signaling and physiology. New types of genetically encoded biosensors have been developed over the last decade. They are RNA aptamers that bind with their cognate fluorogen ligands and activate their fluorescence. The emergence and the evolution of these RNA aptamers as well as their conversion into a wide spectrum of applications are examined in a global way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ouellet
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Monmouth UniversityWest Long Branch, NJ, USA
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39
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Opoku-Temeng C, Zhou J, Zheng Y, Su J, Sintim HO. Cyclic dinucleotide (c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP, and cGAMP) signalings have come of age to be inhibited by small molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9327-42. [PMID: 27339003 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03439j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria utilize nucleotide-based second messengers to regulate a myriad of physiological processes. Cyclic dinucleotides have emerged as central regulators of bacterial physiology, controlling processes ranging from cell wall homeostasis to virulence production, and so far over thousands of manuscripts have provided biological insights into c-di-NMP signaling. The development of small molecule inhibitors of c-di-NMP signaling has significantly lagged behind. Recent developments in assays that allow for high-throughput screening of inhibitors suggest that the time is right for a concerted effort to identify inhibitors of these fascinating second messengers. Herein, we review c-di-NMP signaling and small molecules that have been developed to inhibit cyclic dinucleotide-related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Opoku-Temeng
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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40
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Ueno Y, Furukawa K, Tin A, Hibino H. On-chip FRET Graphene Oxide Aptasensor: Quantitative Evaluation of Enhanced Sensitivity by Aptamer with a Double-stranded DNA Spacer. ANAL SCI 2016; 31:875-9. [PMID: 26353952 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We propose a molecular design for a biomolecular probe to realize an on-chip graphene oxide (GO) aptasensor with enhanced sensitivity. Here, GO works as an excellent acceptor for fluorescence resonance energy transfer. We inserted a rigid double-stranded DNA as a spacer between the GO surface and the aptamer sequence to extend the distance between a fluorescence dye and the GO surface during molecular recognition. We examined the dependence of the sensitivity on the length of the spacer quantitatively by using a 2×2 linear-array aptasensor. We used the modified aptamer with 10 and 30 base pair (bp) double-stranded DNA spacers. The signal with a 30bp-spacer was about twice as strong that with a 10bp-spacer as regards both thrombin and prostate specific antigen detections. The improvement in the sensitivity was supported by a model calculation that estimated the effect of spacer length on fluorescence recovery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ueno
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corp
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41
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Ketterer S, Gladis L, Kozica A, Meier M. Engineering and characterization of fluorogenic glycine riboswitches. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:5983-92. [PMID: 27220466 PMCID: PMC4937332 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of 12 fluorogenic glycine riboswitches with different thermodynamic and kinetic response properties was engineered. For the design of functional riboswitches, a three-part RNA approach was applied based on the idea of linking a RNA sensor, transmitter and actuator part together. For the RNA sensor and actuator part, we used the tandem glycine aptamer structure from Bacillus subtillis, and fluorogenic aptamer Spinach, respectively. To achieve optimal signal transduction from the sensor to the actuator, a riboswitch library with variable transmitter was screened with a microfluidic large-scale integration chip. This allowed us to establish the complete thermodynamic binding profiles of the riboswitch library. Glycine dissociation constants of the 12 strong fluorescence response riboswitches varied between 99.7 and 570 μM. Furthermore, the kinetic glycine binding (kon), and dissociation (koff) rates, and corresponding energy barriers of the 10 strongest fluorescence response riboswitches were determined with the same chip platform. kon and koff were in the order of 10−3s−1 and 10−2s−1, respectively. Conclusively, we demonstrate that systematic screening of synthetic and natural linked RNA parts with microfluidic chip technology is an effective approach to rapidly generate fluorogenic metabolite riboswitches with a broad range of biophysical response properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ketterer
- Microfluidic and Biological Engineering, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany Centre for Biological Signalling Studies-BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Gladis
- Microfluidic and Biological Engineering, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany Centre for Biological Signalling Studies-BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adnan Kozica
- Microfluidic and Biological Engineering, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany Centre for Biological Signalling Studies-BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Meier
- Microfluidic and Biological Engineering, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany Centre for Biological Signalling Studies-BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Inuzuka S, Matsumura S, Ikawa Y. Optimization of RNA-based c-di-GMP fluorescent sensors through tuning their structural modules. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:183-7. [PMID: 26968125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger of bacteria and its detection is an important issue in basic and applied microbiology. As c-di-GMP riboswitch ligand-binding domains (aptamer domains) capture c-di-GMP with high affinity and selectivity, they are promising platforms for the development of RNA-based c-di-GMP sensors. We analyzed two previously reported c-di-GMP sensor RNAs derived from the Vc2 riboswitch. We also designed and tested their variants, some of which showed improved properties as RNA-based c-di-GMP sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Inuzuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Matsumura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
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43
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Zhou H, Zheng C, Su J, Chen B, Fu Y, Xie Y, Tang Q, Chou SH, He J. Characterization of a natural triple-tandem c-di-GMP riboswitch and application of the riboswitch-based dual-fluorescence reporter. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20871. [PMID: 26892868 PMCID: PMC4759541 DOI: 10.1038/srep20871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
c-di-GMP riboswitches are structured RNAs located in the 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTRs) of mRNAs that regulate expression of downstream genes in response to changing concentrations of the second messenger c-di-GMP. We discovered three complete c-di-GMP riboswitches (Bc3, Bc4 and Bc5 RNA) with similar structures, which are arranged in tandem to constitute a triple-tandem (Bc3-5 RNA) riboswitch in the 5'-UTR of the cspABCDE mRNA in Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. chinensis CT-43. Our results showed that this natural triple-tandem riboswitch controlled the expression of the reporter gene more stringently and digitally than the double-tandem or single riboswitch. A sandwich-like dual-fluorescence reporter was further constructed by fusing the Bc3-5 RNA gene between the two fluorescence protein genes amcyan and turborfp. This reporter strain was found to exhibit detectable fluorescence color changes under bright field in response to intracellular c-di-GMP level altered by induced expression of diguanylate cyclase (DGC) PleD. Using this system, two putative membrane-bound DGCs from B. thuringiensis and Xanthomonas oryzae were verified to be functional by replacing pleD with the corresponding DGC genes. This report represented the first native triple-tandem riboswitch that was applied to serve as a riboswitch-based dual-fluorescence reporter for the efficient and convenient verification of putative DGC activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Ho Chou
- Institute of Biochemistry, and NCHU Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
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44
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Peters G, Coussement P, Maertens J, Lammertyn J, De Mey M. Putting RNA to work: Translating RNA fundamentals into biotechnological engineering practice. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1829-44. [PMID: 26514597 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic biology, in close concert with systems biology, is revolutionizing the field of metabolic engineering by providing novel tools and technologies to rationally, in a standardized way, reroute metabolism with a view to optimally converting renewable resources into a broad range of bio-products, bio-materials and bio-energy. Increasingly, these novel synthetic biology tools are exploiting the extensive programmable nature of RNA, vis-à-vis DNA- and protein-based devices, to rationally design standardized, composable, and orthogonal parts, which can be scaled and tuned promptly and at will. This review gives an extensive overview of the recently developed parts and tools for i) modulating gene expression ii) building genetic circuits iii) detecting molecules, iv) reporting cellular processes and v) building RNA nanostructures. These parts and tools are becoming necessary armamentarium for contemporary metabolic engineering. Furthermore, the design criteria, technological challenges, and recent metabolic engineering success stories of the use of RNA devices are highlighted. Finally, the future trends in transforming metabolism through RNA engineering are critically evaluated and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Peters
- Centre of Expertise Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Coussement
- Centre of Expertise Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Maertens
- Centre of Expertise Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Marjan De Mey
- Centre of Expertise Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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45
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Kellenberger CA, Sales-Lee J, Pan Y, Gassaway MM, Herr AE, Hammond MC. A minimalist biosensor: Quantitation of cyclic di-GMP using the conformational change of a riboswitch aptamer. RNA Biol 2015; 12:1189-97. [PMID: 26114964 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1062970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that is important in regulating bacterial physiology and behavior, including motility and virulence. Many questions remain about the role and regulation of this signaling molecule, but current methods of detection are limited by either modest sensitivity or requirements for extensive sample purification. We have taken advantage of a natural, high affinity receptor of c-di-GMP, the Vc2 riboswitch aptamer, to develop a sensitive and rapid electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) for c-di-GMP quantitation that required minimal engineering of the RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jade Sales-Lee
- a Department of Chemistry ; University of California, Berkeley ; Berkeley , CA USA
| | - Yuchen Pan
- b Graduate Program in Bioengineering; University of California, Berkeley ; Berkeley , CA USA
| | - Madalee M Gassaway
- a Department of Chemistry ; University of California, Berkeley ; Berkeley , CA USA
| | - Amy E Herr
- b Graduate Program in Bioengineering; University of California, Berkeley ; Berkeley , CA USA
| | - Ming C Hammond
- a Department of Chemistry ; University of California, Berkeley ; Berkeley , CA USA.,c Department of Molecular & Cell Biology ; University of California, Berkeley ; Berkeley , CA USA
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46
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Abstract
![]()
We designed an in vitro signal amplification circuit
that takes a short RNA input that catalytically activates the Spinach
RNA aptamer to produce a fluorescent output. The circuit consists
of three RNA strands: an internally blocked Spinach aptamer, a fuel
strand, and an input strand (catalyst), as well as the Spinach aptamer
ligand 3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxylbenzylidene imidazolinone (DFHBI). The
input strand initially displaces the internal inhibitory strand to
activate the fluorescent aptamer while exposing a toehold to which
the fuel strand can bind to further displace and recycle the input
strand. Under a favorable condition, one input strand was able to
activate up to five molecules of the internally blocked Spinach aptamer
in 185 min at 30 °C. The simple RNA circuit reported here serves
as a model for catalytic activation of arbitrary RNA effectors by
chemical triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhima Akter
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis 451
Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yohei Yokobayashi
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis 451
Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Nucleic
Acid Chemistry and Engineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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47
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Xie Q, Zhao F, Liu H, Shan Y, Liu F. A label-free and self-assembled electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive detection of cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) based on RNA riboswitch. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 882:22-6. [PMID: 26043087 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is an important second messenger that regulates a variety of complex physiological processes involved in motility, virulence, biofilm formation and cell cycle progression in several bacteria. Herein we report a simple label-free and self-assembled RNA riboswitch-based biosensor for sensitive and selective detection of c-di-GMP. The detectable concentration range of c-di-GMP is from 50 nM to 1 μM with a detection limit of 50 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Xie
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China(1)
| | - Fulin Zhao
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China(1)
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China(1)
| | - Yanke Shan
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China(1)
| | - Fei Liu
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China(1).
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48
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Kellenberger CA, Hammond MC. In vitro analysis of riboswitch-Spinach aptamer fusions as metabolite-sensing fluorescent biosensors. Methods Enzymol 2014; 550:147-72. [PMID: 25605385 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2014.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The development of fluorescent biosensors has been motivated by the interest to monitor and measure the levels of specific metabolites in live cells in real time. Common approaches include fusing a protein-based receptor to fluorescent proteins or synthesizing a small molecule reactive probe. Natural metabolite-sensing riboswitches also have been used in reporter-based systems that take advantage of ligand-dependent regulation of downstream gene expression. More recently, it has been shown that RNA-based fluorescent biosensors can be generated by fusing a riboswitch aptamer to the in vitro selected Spinach aptamer, which binds a cell-permeable and conditionally fluorescent molecule. Here, we describe methods to design, prepare, and analyze riboswitch-Spinach aptamer fusion RNAs for ligand-dependent activation of fluorescence in vitro. Examples of procedures to measure fluorescence activation, ligand binding selectivity and affinity, and binding kinetics are given for a cyclic di-GMP-responsive biosensor. The relative ease of in vitro RNA synthesis and purification should make this method accessible to other researchers interested in developing riboswitch-based fluorescent biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming C Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
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Sharma S, Zaveri A, Visweswariah SS, Krishnan Y. A fluorescent nucleic acid nanodevice quantitatively images elevated cyclic adenosine monophosphate in membrane-bound compartments. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4276-80. [PMID: 25044725 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
cAMPhor: In the presence of cAMP, cAMPhor folds into a structure that binds DFHBI (green), increasing its fluorescence, while Alexa 647 (red) functions as a normalizing dye. It can thus be used to spatially image cAMP quantitatively in membrane-bound compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Sharma
- Department Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Centre for Biological Sciences, UAS-GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore-, 560065, India
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Bhadra S, Ellington AD. A Spinach molecular beacon triggered by strand displacement. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 20:1183-1194. [PMID: 24942625 PMCID: PMC4105745 DOI: 10.1261/rna.045047.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have re-engineered the fluorescent RNA aptamer Spinach to be activated in a sequence-dependent manner. The original Spinach aptamer was extended at its 5'- and 3'-ends to create Spinach.ST, which is predicted to fold into an inactive conformation and thus prevent association with the small molecule fluorophore DFHBI. Hybridization of a specific trigger oligonucleotide to a designed toehold leads to toehold-initiated strand displacement and refolds Spinach into the active, fluorophore-binding conformation. Spinach.ST not only specifically detects its target oligonucleotide but can discriminate readily against single-nucleotide mismatches. RNA amplicons produced during nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) of DNA or RNA targets could be specifically detected and reported in real-time by conformational activation of Spinach.ST generated by in vitro transcription. In order to adapt any target sequence to detection by a Spinach reporter we used a primer design technique that brings together otherwise distal toehold sequences via hairpin formation. The same techniques could potentially be used to adapt common Spinach reporters to non-nucleic acid analytes, rather than by making fusions between aptamers and Spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Bhadra
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Andrew D Ellington
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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