1
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Xu J, Wang J, Bakr OM, Hadjichristidis N. Controlling the Fluorescence Performance of AIE Polymers by Controlling the Polymer Microstructure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217418. [PMID: 36652122 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) polymers with expected emission wavelength/color and fluorescence efficiency are valuable in applications. However, most AIE polymers exhibit irregular emission wavelength/color changes compared to the original AIE monomers. Here, we report the synthesis of AIE polymers with unchanged emission wavelength by ring-opening (co)polymerizations of 4-(triphenylethenyl)phenoxymethyloxirane (TPEO) and other epoxides or phthalic anhydride. The chemical structures/physical properties of all (co)polymers were characterized by NMR, SEC, MALDI-TOF, and DSC. The co-polyether microstructures were revealed by calculating the reactivity ratios and visualized by Monte Carlo simulation. The photoluminescence quantum yields of all the (co)polymers were determined in the solid state. We systematically correlated the fluorescence performance with molecular weights, crystallinity, monomer compositions, glass transition temperatures, side lengths, and flexibility/rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Xu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiayi Wang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Kachwal V, Tan J. Stimuli-Responsive Electrospun Fluorescent Fibers Augmented with Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) for Smart Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2204848. [PMID: 36373688 PMCID: PMC9811457 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the latest advancements in the integration of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials with polymer electrospinning, to accomplish fine-scale electrospun fibers with tunable photophysical and photochemical properties. Micro- and nanoscale fibers augmented with AIE dyes (termed AIEgens) are bespoke composite systems that can overcome the limitation posed by aggregation-caused quenching, a critical deficiency of conventional luminescent materials. This review comprises three parts. First, the reader is exposed to the basic concepts of AIE and the fundamental mechanisms underpinning the restriction of intermolecular motions. This is followed by an introduction to electrospinning techniques pertinent to AIE-based fibers, and the core parameters for controlling fiber architecture and resultant properties. Second, exemplars are drawn from latest research to demonstrate how electrospun nanofibers and porous films incorporating modified AIEgens (especially tetraphenylethylene and triphenylamine derivatives) can yield enhanced photostability, photothermal properties, photoefficiency (quantum yield), and improved device sensitivity. Advanced applications are drawn from several promising sectors, encompassing optoelectronics, drug delivery and biology, chemosensors and mechanochromic sensors, and innovative photothermal devices, among others. Finally, the outstanding challenges together with potential opportunities in the nascent field of electrospun AIE-active fibers are presented, for stimulating frontier research and explorations in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kachwal
- Multifunctional Materials & Composites (MMC) LaboratoryDepartment of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX1 3PJUK
| | - Jin‐Chong Tan
- Multifunctional Materials & Composites (MMC) LaboratoryDepartment of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX1 3PJUK
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3
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Yu W, Yu X, Qiu Z, Xu C, Gao M, Zheng J, Zhang J, Wang G, Cheng Y, Zhu M. 1+1>2: Fiber Synergy in Aggregation‐Induced Emission. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201664. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Zhenduo Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Chengjian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Mengyue Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
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4
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Lu H, Chang CH, Wu BR, Wu NC, Liang JZ, Dai CA, Yang ACM. Reaching Nearly 100% Quantum Efficiencies in Thin Solid Films of Semiconducting Polymers via Molecular Confinements under Large Segmental Stresses. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8273-8282. [PMID: 35506539 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum efficiencies remain a critical issue for general applications of semiconducting polymers in optoelectronics and others. In this work, we demonstrate that nearly 100% quantum efficiencies (η's) in thin solid films can be reached when the polymer molecules are mechanically stretched into molecular confinement. We selected three conjugated polymers of varied backbone stiffness and interchain coupling, prepared in both diluted and pristine states. All of the polymers when highly diluted (c = 0.1 wt %) exhibited massive η increases after stretching to very large strains (∼300-500%) via micronecking, with the rigid polyfluorene (PFO) and semirigid MEH-PPV both manifesting η ≈ 90%, while the most flexible yet regioregular polythiophene (P3HT-rr) exhibited a 10-fold increase to ∼21%. In the pristine state, molecular aggregation and interchain coupling curtail development of the molecular confinement, but the large-strain deformation still enhances η's significantly, to ∼90% (PFO) and ∼55% (MEH-PPV) despite no increases for the crystalline P3HT-rr. Moreover, upon substitution by a bulkier side-group to reduce interchain coupling, the pristine films of polythiophene (P3EHT) exhibited a ∼3-fold increase of η after the stretching. The nearly 100% of η's in fully stretched molecules indicates that the in situ self-trapping occurring via sub-picosecond backbone interactions can be mostly responsible for energy dissipations and quite suppressible by segmental stress control. The mechanical confinement effects also indicate the fundamental role of molecular mechanics during stabilization and migration of photoexcited charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hong Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Rong Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Chi Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Zhi Liang
- Department of Physics, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chi-An Dai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Arnold C-M Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Center of Instrumentation, National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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5
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Wang YC, Shao YJ, Liou GS, Nagao S, Makino Y, Akiyama E, Kato M, Shimomoto H, Ihara E. Synthesis and electrochromic properties of polyamines containing a 4,4′-diaminotriphenylamine- N, N′-diyl unit in the polymer backbone: Ru-catalyzed N–H insertion polycondensation of 1,4-phenylenebis(diazoacetate) with 4,4′-diaminotriphenylamine derivatives. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01118b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycondensation of a bis(diazocarbonyl) compound and diaminotriphenylamine derivatization via Ru-catalyzed N–H insertion to afford electroactive polyamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chi Wang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Shao
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Sheng Liou
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sota Nagao
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Makino
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Eita Akiyama
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kato
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimomoto
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Eiji Ihara
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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6
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Lu H, Weng ZM, Chen CC, Liao YT, Chang YM, Yang ACM. Quantum Efficiency Increasing of a Pristine Polymer by Curbing Picosecond Self-Trapping via Segmental Stretching. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Zong Ming Weng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chien Chung Chen
- Center of Instrumentation, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Liao
- Center of Instrumentation, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu Ming Chang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Arnold C.-M. Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center of Instrumentation, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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7
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Sun N, Su K, Zhou Z, Wang D, Fery A, Lissel F, Zhao X, Chen C. “Colorless-to-Black” Electrochromic and AIE-Active Polyamides: An Effective Strategy for the Highest-Contrast Electrofluorochromism. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Kaixin Su
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Daming Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Franziska Lissel
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
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8
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Yu X, Chang M, Chen W, Liang D, Lu X, Zhou G. Colorless-to-Black Electrochromism from Binary Electrochromes toward Multifunctional Displays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39505-39514. [PMID: 32805883 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cyclohexane-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic diimide with a nonconjugated core has been incorporated to bridge two conventional triphenylamine units. The obtained monomer has successfully hypsochromically shifted the maximum absorption wavelength by 10 nm in comparison to the one with a pyromellitic diimide bridge. Consequently, a colorless electrochromic (EC) polymer poly(bis(N,N-diphenyl-4-aminophenyl)cyclohexane-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic diimide) (PTPA-HDI) was electropolymerized on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass. The morphology, absorption, and spectroelectrochemistry properties of polymer PTPA-HDI films electropolymerized by different scan cycles have been systematically investigated. It is found that comprehensive properties, such as color contrast and initial transparence, can be achieved for the polymer film electropolymerized by 15 scan cycles. Moreover, to realize colorless-to-black electrochromism, an asymmetric viologen derivative 1-(4-cyanophenyl)-1'-hexyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dihexafluorophosphate (HVCN) has been designed and straightforward synthesized. With the introduction of a cyanophenyl group and a hexyl chain on the two pyridinium units, colorless-to-green electrochromism can be realized for this processible viologen derivative. The absorption band at 495 nm of colorated PTPA-HDI compensates well for the valley in the absorption spectrum of colorated HVCN. Therefore, different types of colorless-to-black electrochromic devices (ECDs) are fabricated using polymer PTPA-HDI-deposited ITO electrode and HVCN-based gel electrolyte. Such a supporting electrolyte-free ECD with binary electrochromes exhibits fast coloration, high color contrast, and excellent reversibility. Furthermore, an encryption ECD is demonstrated by switching a black two-dimensional code. In addition, an autodigital display is integrated on a smart window and hence different functions can be realized in a single ECD. Overall, this study may facilitate the understanding of the EC behaviors of binary electrochromes and present a new path to design multifunctional displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Yu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Meijuan Chang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Weinan Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Dingli Liang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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9
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Chen PT, Yang YW, Reiter G, Yang ACM. Large quantum efficiency enhancements of pristine conjugated polymer MEH-PPV by interlayer polymer diffusion. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Zhou Z, Long Y, Chen X, Yang T, Zhao J, Meng Y, Chi Z, Liu S, Chen X, Aldred MP, Xu J, Zhang Y. Preserving High-Efficiency Luminescence Characteristics of an Aggregation-Induced Emission-Active Fluorophore in Thermostable Amorphous Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:34198-34207. [PMID: 32594733 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Luminophores usually suffer from luminescent quenching when introduced into a polymer backbone or side chain, which leads to the inefficient luminescence or even no luminescence of the polymer. In this work, alicyclic imide rings were found to be capable of balancing the donor-acceptor properties between the rigid spacer and the aggregation-induced emission-active fluorophore in light-emitting polymers. Along with the nonplanar and rigid emitter, the suppressed intramolecular charge-transfer effect and interchain disturbance can efficiently preserve the luminescence characteristics of the active center, resulting in high solid-state photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 89%. The amorphous polyimides exhibit excellent thermal properties, such as high glass transition temperature (Tg) values (398 °C) and high thermal decomposition temperature (Td) values (538 °C). As far as we know, these luminescent polymer materials are of excellent heat resistance with the highest luminescence efficiency reported. The results have significant impact for the precise prediction of the optical properties of light-emitting polymers by appropriate monomer design, providing controllable ways for synthesizing high thermal stability polymeric materials with efficient fluorescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxin Zhou
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Shenzhen Yanyi New Materials Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Yubo Long
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yue Meng
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Siwei Liu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Matthew P Aldred
- Lomox Limited, Bank House, Market Square, Congleton, Cheshire CW12 1ET, U.K
| | - Jiarui Xu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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11
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Zhuang Y, Orita R, Fujiwara E, Zhang Y, Ando S. Colorless Partially Alicyclic Polyimides Based on Tröger’s Base Exhibiting Good Solubility and Dual Fluorescence/Phosphorescence Emission. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbing Zhuang
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-E4-5, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ryoji Orita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-E4-5, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Eisuke Fujiwara
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-E4-5, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shinji Ando
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-E4-5, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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12
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Tao L, Li ML, Yang KP, Guan Y, Wang P, Shen Z, Xie HL. Color-Tunable and Stimulus-Responsive Luminescent Liquid Crystalline Polymers Fabricated by Hydrogen Bonding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15051-15059. [PMID: 30942068 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent liquid crystalline polymers (LLCPs) show extensive application potentials, such as liquid crystal displays and circularly polarized luminescence. In this work, we employ a hydrogen-bonding strategy different from the traditional covalent-bonding method to fabricate LLCPs. First, the acceptor and donor of hydrogen bonding, (4,4'-dibutanoxy tetraphenylethylene)-1-pyridine (PTPEC4) and poly(2-vinyl terephthalic acid) (PPA), respectively, are successfully synthesized. Then, mixtures with different molar ratios ( x's) of PTPEC4 to PPA are used to prepare a series of LLCPs [denoted as PPA(PTPEC4) x]. The resultant LLCPs show a smectic A phase ( x ≥ 0.8), a columnar nematic phase (0.6 ≤ x ≤ 0.05), and an amorphous state ( x = 0.025), depending on the x value. Meanwhile, all polymers exhibit typical aggregation-induced emission behavior. More interestingly, with the variation of the PTPEC4 content, the series of LLCPs show different colors, that is, the emission peak red shifts from 510 nm ( x = 1.0) to 551 nm ( x = 0.025). Furthermore, because of the reversible protonation effect of the N atom of pyridine in PTPEC4 by the strong proton acid, PPA(PTPEC4) x shows reversible color transformation. This work provides a new method to construct LLCPs with different emission colors and reversible color transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges, Universities of Hunan Province and College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan , Hunan 411105 , China
| | - Ming-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges, Universities of Hunan Province and College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan , Hunan 411105 , China
| | - Kai-Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges, Universities of Hunan Province and College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan , Hunan 411105 , China
| | - Yan Guan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges, Universities of Hunan Province and College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan , Hunan 411105 , China
| | - Zhihao Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - He-Lou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges, Universities of Hunan Province and College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan , Hunan 411105 , China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers , Hunan University of Science and Technology , Xiangtan , Hunan 411201 , China
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13
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Lin HT, Huang CL, Liou GS. Design, Synthesis, and Electrofluorochromism of New Triphenylamine Derivatives with AIE-Active Pendent Groups. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:11684-11690. [PMID: 30821142 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Triphenylamine (TPA) and 4,4'-dimethoxy-triphenylamine (TPAOMe) derivatives were successfully linked with two high-performance AIEgens, triphenylethylene (TPE) and benzo[ b]thiophene-1,1-dioxide (BTO), to obtain four aggregation-induced emission and electro-active materials, TPETPA, BTOTPA, TPETPAOMe, and BTOTPAOMe. The effects on photoluminescence characteristics and electrochromic (EC) and electrofluorochromic (EFC) behaviors in cross-linking gel-type devices derived from the prepared materials were systematically investigated. Furthermore, heptyl viologen was introduced into the EFC devices to enhance EC performance including lower working potential, faster switching time, and superior stability.
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14
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Wang K, Wang M, Lu H, Liu B, Huang M, Yang J. Mechano-fluorochromic behavior of AEE polyurethane films and their high sensitivity to halogen acid gas. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9517-9521. [PMID: 35520748 PMCID: PMC9062156 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10486g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Three polyurethanes with different contents of tetraaryl-buta-1,3-diene derivatives in the soft segment (STMPU-25/STMPU-50/STMPU-75) have been synthesized and found to present aggregation-enhanced emission features. The fluorescence intensity of polymer films was greatly enhanced with increasing tensile stress. Also, polyurethanes with higher aggregation-induced emission fluorogen content had stronger mechano-fluorochromic behavior in the same tension state. Moreover, the resulting polyurethane films possessed high sensitivity for halogen acid gas, suggesting their potential applications in environmental monitoring fields. (a) Polyurethanes with higher content of TABDAA2 presented better positive correlation between fluorescence and strain. (b) Sensing mechanism of STMPU-50 for detection of HCl.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Beibei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Mingming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Jiping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
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15
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Chen HF, Jiang QJ, Qiu YQ, Chen XC, Fan B, Wang Y, Wang DN. Hollow-Core-Photonic-Crystal-Fiber-Based Miniaturized Sensor for the Detection of Aggregation-Induced-Emission Molecules. Anal Chem 2018; 91:780-784. [PMID: 30475594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A miniature sensor for detection of aggregation-induced-emission (AIE) molecules is proposed in this work. The sensing head is fabricated by use of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber with a core diameter of about 4.8 μm. The cladding holes are sealed with a fusion splicing technique, and the central hole remains open to allow the filtration of solution with AIE molecules. When the solution is excited by an ultraviolet lamp, the fluorescence is received by a fiber-optic spectrometer. The fluorescence intensity is associated with the concentration of AIE molecules and the infiltrated-core length. In the whole process of the experiments, the output-peak wavelength is stable, which indicates that the existing forms of AIE particles are stable, and the fluorescence reabsorption can be neglected. The experimental results obtained are in accordance with traditional microplate-spectrophotometer methods. The most exciting result is that the amount of sample measured can be as low as 0.36 nL, which allows the detection of AIE molecules at only 0.02 pmol. In addition, the miniature sensor was successfully applied to the detection of an AIE-based bioprobe for evaluating the activity of the dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin with an IC50 of 59.80 ± 3.06 nM. The advantages of small device size and nanoliter-scale sample volumes suggest that the proposed sensor is promising for many biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Chen
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks , Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200000 , China
| | - Q J Jiang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks , Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200000 , China
| | - Y Q Qiu
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , China
| | - X C Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
| | - B Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
| | - Y Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , China
| | - D N Wang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , China
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16
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Wu Y, Qu L, Li J, Huang L, Liu Z. A versatile method for preparing well-defined polymers with aggregation-induced emission property. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Cheng SW, Han T, Huang TY, Chang Chien YH, Liu CL, Tang BZ, Liou GS. Novel Organic Phototransistor-Based Nonvolatile Memory Integrated with UV-Sensing/Green-Emissive Aggregation Enhanced Emission (AEE)-Active Aromatic Polyamide Electret Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18281-18288. [PMID: 29733198 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel aggregation enhanced emission (AEE)-active polyamide TPA-CN-TPE with a high photoluminesence characteristic was successfully synthesized by the direct polymerization of 4-cyanotriphenyl diamine (TPA-CN) and tetraphenylethene (TPE)-containing dicarboxylic acid. The obtained luminescent polyamide plays a significant role as the polymer electret layer in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs)-type memory. The strong green emission of TPA-CN-TPE under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation can be directly absorbed by the pentacene channel, displaying a light-induced programming and voltage-driven erasing organic phototransistor-based nonvolatile memory. Memory window can be effectively manipulated between the programming and erasing states by applying UV light illumination and electrical field, respectively. The photoinduced memory behavior can be maintained for over 104 s between these two states with an on/off ratio of 104, and the memory switching can be steadily operated for many cycles. With high photoresponsivity ( R) and photosensitivity ( S), this organic phototransistor integrated with AEE-active polyamide electret layer could serve as an excellent candidate for UV photodetectors in optical applications. For comparison, an AEE-inactive aromatic polyimide TPA-PIS electret with much weaker solid-state emission was also applied in the same OFETs device architecture, but this device did not show any UV-sensitive and UV-induced memory characteristics, which further confirmed the significance of the light-emitting capability of the electret layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong, China
| | - Teng-Yung Huang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Chang Chien
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , National Central University , Taoyuan 32001 , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , National Central University , Taoyuan 32001 , Taiwan
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong, China
| | - Guey-Sheng Liou
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
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18
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Qu L, Tang L, Bei R, Zhao J, Chi Z, Liu S, Chen X, Aldred MP, Zhang Y, Xu J. Flexible Multifunctional Aromatic Polyimide Film: Highly Efficient Photoluminescence, Resistive Switching Characteristic, and Electroluminescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11430-11435. [PMID: 29600701 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a flexible multifunctional aromatic polyimide (BTDBPI) that shows yellow-green fluorescence with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 30% in the film state. The nonvolatile "write once-read many" (WORM) characteristic in a memory device with the configuration of ITO/BTDBPI/Au indicates that BTDBPI possesses organic semiconductor behavior. Moreover, polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) with the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/BTDBPI/TPBI/Mg-Ag exhibits an interesting dual-emission phenomenon that originates from the electroluminescence (EL) of the BTDBPI nanometer film (yellow-green, 525 nm) and TPBI (deep blue, 380 nm), demonstrating that BTDBPI shows both the charge-transporting and EL properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunjun Qu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Lishuang Tang
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Runxin Bei
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Juan Zhao
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Siwei Liu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Xudong Chen
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Matthew P Aldred
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Yi Zhang
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Jiarui Xu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
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19
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Yen HJ, Chang CW, Wong HQ, Liou GS. Cyanotriphenylamine-based polyimidothioethers as multifunctional materials for ambipolar electrochromic and electrofluorochromic devices, and fluorescent electrospun fibers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01858d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
New luminescent and electrochromic polyimidothioethers were synthesized and fabricated as ambipolar electrochromic and electrofluorochromic devices, and fluorescent electrospun fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ju Yen
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
| | - Cha-Wen Chang
- Department of Interface Chemistry
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories
- Industrial Technology Research Institute
- Hsinchu 30011
| | - Hui Qi Wong
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
| | - Guey-Sheng Liou
- Functional Polymeric Materials Laboratory
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
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20
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Cheng SW, Han T, Huang TY, Tang BZ, Liou GS. High-performance electrofluorochromic devices based on aromatic polyamides with AIE-active tetraphenylethene and electro-active triphenylamine moieties. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00809d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel electrochromic (EC) and aggregation-enhanced emission (AEE)-active triphenylamine (TPA)-based polyamides were prepared and fabricated into electrofluorochromic (EFC) devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei City 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Teng-Yung Huang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei City 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Ben-Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Guey-Sheng Liou
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei City 10617
- Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology
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21
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Orita R, Franckevičius M, Vyšniauskas A, Gulbinas V, Sugiyama H, Uekusa H, Kanosue K, Ishige R, Ando S. Enhanced fluorescence of phthalimide compounds induced by the incorporation of electron-donating alicyclic amino groups. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:16033-16044. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01999a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A significant difference in fluorescence properties between 3- and 4-substituted phthalimides demonstrates the formation of excited TICT and planar ICT states, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Orita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | | | | | | | - Haruki Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Kenta Kanosue
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Ryohei Ishige
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Shinji Ando
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
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22
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Zhao X, Xu X, Liu Y, Wang C. Luminescence performance of poly(aryl ether)s membranes with different morphologies. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou, 213164 China
- Stat Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers (Fudan University); Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xiao Xu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou, 213164 China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou, 213164 China
| | - Chenyi Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou, 213164 China
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23
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Kong L, Rui G, Wang G, Huang R, Li R, Yu J, Qi S, Wu D. Preparation of Palladium/Silver-Coated Polyimide Nanotubes: Flexible, Electrically Conductive Fibers. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10111263. [PMID: 29099072 PMCID: PMC5706210 DOI: 10.3390/ma10111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple and practical method for coating palladium/silver nanoparticles on polyimide (PI) nanotubes is developed. The key steps involved in the process are silver ion exchange/reduction and displacement reactions between silver and palladium ions. With the addition of silver, the conductivity of the PI nanotubes is greatly enhanced. Further, the polyimide nanotubes with a dense, homogeneous coating of palladium nanoparticles remain flexible after heat treatment and show the possibility for use as highly efficient catalysts. The approach developed here is applicable for coating various noble metals on a wide range of polymer matrices, and can be used for obtaining polyimide nanotubes with metal loaded on both the inner and outer surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Guanchun Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Guangyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Rundong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jiajie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shengli Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Dezhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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24
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Wang K, Yang J, Gong C, Lu H. Polyurethanes with aggregation-enhanced emission characteristics: preparation and properties. Faraday Discuss 2017; 196:43-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00175k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An amino-terminated poly(propylene glycol)-modified tetraaryl-buta-1,3-diene derivative (TABDAA) was introduced to synthesize polyurethanes with different ratios of soft/hard segments. A mixture of TABDAA and poly(tetrahydrofuran) 1000 as the soft segments was reacted with 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol as the hard segments in molar ratios of 1 : 2 : 1, 2 : 3 : 1, and 3 : 4 : 1 to give the desired polyurethanes named TMPU-211, TMPU-321 and TMPU-431, respectively. The three polyurethanes exhibited different aggregation-enhanced emission (AEE) behaviors because of their different soft/hard segment ratios. The polyurethanes with a higher soft segment content tended to form bigger particles in a DMF/water mixture solution, thus causing a sharper increase in their fluorescence intensity. In addition, the polyurethane films exhibited different fluorescence intensities after different heat treatments. After a quenching treatment of the soft segments in the polyurethane films, the fluorescence intensity dropped greatly. When these quenched polyurethane films were thermally annealed at 60 °C for 24 hours, their fluorescence intensity exceeded the initial intensity of the as-prepared films. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the polyurethane films in the quenched condition did not present the endothermal melting peak of the soft segments, and the melting peaks appeared again after thermal annealing. AFM experiments showed that an ordered arrangement was achieved after the heat treatment of these AEE polyurethane films. These results demonstrated that the polymer structure had a significant effect on the AEE properties of the polyurethane films, and more importantly, it is of great significance in improving the fluorescence emission of the AEE polymers and also for their potential application in fluorescent probes, stimuli-responsive materials, PLED devices and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
| | - Jiping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
| | - Chen Gong
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
| | - Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
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25
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Al-Kutubi H, Zafarani HR, Rassaei L, Mathwig K. Electrofluorochromic systems: Molecules and materials exhibiting redox-switchable fluorescence. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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27
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Fan ZX, Zhao QH, Wang S, Bai Y, Wang PP, Li JJ, Chu ZW, Chen GH. Polyurethane foam functionalized with an AIE-active polymer using an ultrasonication-assisted method: preparation and application for the detection of explosives. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02134d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have fabricated PU foams modified with AIE-active polymer PSiTPE nanoparticles on the flexible sponge surface. The as-prepared foams show a high sensitive to PA solution and DNT vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Xin Fan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- P. R. China
| | - Qing-Hua Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- P. R. China
| | - Shi Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Bai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- P. R. China
| | - Pei-Pei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Chu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- P. R. China
| | - Guo-Hua Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- P. R. China
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28
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Liu Z, Wu S, Bai Y, Jiang W, Hong L, Lei T, Ge Z. Highly efficient ultraviolet light-emitting organosoluble polyimide. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12755j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A non-conjugated siloxane-containing polyimide without fluorescent dyes exhibited a high fluorescence quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Ningbo
- P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shouming Wu
- Zhejiang Fluoride and Silicon Research Institutes
- Quzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yongqi Bai
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Ningbo
- P. R. China
| | - Weigang Jiang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Ningbo
- P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Ling Hong
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Ningbo
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Lei
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Ningbo
- P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Ningbo
- P. R. China
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29
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Zhou L, Xu D, Gao H, Han A, Yang Y, Zhang C, Liu X, Zhao F. Effects of cyano groups on the properties of thiazole-based β-ketoiminate boron complexes: aggregation-induced emission and mechanofluorochromism. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14595g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The triphenylamine-functionalized thiazole-based β-ketoiminate boron complexBF2-TT-CNexhibited strong cyano-dependent aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and mechanofluorochromic (MFC) properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Chemical Engineering College
- Qinghai University
- Xining 810016
- China
| | - Defang Xu
- Key Lab of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xining 810008
- China
| | - Huaizhi Gao
- Chemical Engineering College
- Qinghai University
- Xining 810016
- China
| | - Aixia Han
- Chemical Engineering College
- Qinghai University
- Xining 810016
- China
| | - Yan Yang
- Chemical Engineering College
- Qinghai University
- Xining 810016
- China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Chemical Engineering College
- Qinghai University
- Xining 810016
- China
| | - Xingliang Liu
- Chemical Engineering College
- Qinghai University
- Xining 810016
- China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- China
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30
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Wu JH, Liou GS. High-efficiency fluorescent polyimides based on locally excited triarylamine-containing dianhydride moieties. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00883b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Three fluorescent polyimides (PIs) were readily synthesized from the polycondensation of triarylamine-based tetracarboxylic dianhydride monomers with aliphatic diamine. The PL intensity of solid films and nanofibers revealed high PL quantum yields of up to 32% and 35%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hao Wu
- Functional Polymeric Materials Laboratory
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Guey-Sheng Liou
- Functional Polymeric Materials Laboratory
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
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31
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He G, Wiltshire BD, Choi P, Savin A, Sun S, Mohammadpour A, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Farsinezhad S, Brown A, Shankar K, Rivard E. Phosphorescence within benzotellurophenes and color tunable tellurophenes under ambient conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5444-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06529h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The zirconium-mediated syntheses of pinacolboronate (BPin) appended benzo[b]tellurophenes and two phenyl/BPin substituted tellurophene isomers with different colors of emission have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang He
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Benjamin D. Wiltshire
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Paul Choi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | | | - Shuai Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Arash Mohammadpour
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | | | | | - Samira Farsinezhad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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32
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Wang L, Fang G, Cao D. Recent Advances of AIE-Active Conjugated Polymers: Synthesis and Application. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2014.925266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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33
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Hsiao SH, Yeh SJ. Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of Novel Polyamides with 2-Naphthyldiphenylamine Units. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Huei Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology; 1 Chunghsiao East Road, 3 Section Taipei 10608 Taiwan
| | - Su-Jung Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology; 1 Chunghsiao East Road, 3 Section Taipei 10608 Taiwan
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34
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Ji Y, Niu H, Zhang H, Wu W, Cai J, Wang C, Bai X, Wang W. Synthesis and electrochromic properties of polybismaleimides containing triphenylamine units. J Solid State Electrochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-013-2371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Yuan W, Gu PY, Lu CJ, Zhang KQ, Xu QF, Lu JM. Switchable fluorescent AIE-active nanoporous fibers for cyclic oil adsorption. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01865f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A porous fiber of AIE-active PMMA fabricated through the electrospinning technique shows exceptional fluorescence. The green fluorescence of porous fibers can be switched off and on by the adsorption and desorption of silicon or bean oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk
- College for Textile and Clothing Engineering
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Yang Gu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Absorption Technology for Wastewater Treatments in Petroleum and Chemical Industry
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Jian Lu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Absorption Technology for Wastewater Treatments in Petroleum and Chemical Industry
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk
- College for Textile and Clothing Engineering
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Feng Xu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Absorption Technology for Wastewater Treatments in Petroleum and Chemical Industry
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Mei Lu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Absorption Technology for Wastewater Treatments in Petroleum and Chemical Industry
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
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36
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Hsiao SH, Wang HM, Liao SH. Redox-stable and visible/near-infrared electrochromic aramids with main-chain triphenylamine and pendent 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole units. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01239e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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37
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Zhao Y, Wu Y, Yan G, Zhang K. Aggregation-induced emission block copolymers based on ring-opening metathesis polymerization. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08191a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIE amphiphilic block copolymers were developed from ROMP for the first time. By self-assembly in selective solvents, water soluble fluorescent nano-objects were prepared with varied structures including micelles and vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guowei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, China
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38
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Hu R, Leung NLC, Tang BZ. AIE macromolecules: syntheses, structures and functionalities. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4494-562. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00044g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1080] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of macromolecules with aggregation-induced emission attributes is presented, covering the frontiers of syntheses, structures, functionalities and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Hu
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute
- Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
| | - Nelson L. C. Leung
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Division of Biomedical Engineering
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute
- Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
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39
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Wang L, Wang D, Lu H, Wang H, Xue L, Feng S. New cyano functionalized silanes: aggregation-induced emission enhancement properties and detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Appl Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Dengxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
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40
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Yen HJ, Liou GS. Flexible electrofluorochromic devices with the highest contrast ratio based on aggregation-enhanced emission (AEE)-active cyanotriphenylamine-based polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:9797-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45838e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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