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Jiang H, Liu Y, Xiao C, Yang X, Dong W. Reaction Kinetics of CH 2OO and syn-CH 3CHOO Criegee Intermediates with Acetaldehyde. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4956-4965. [PMID: 38868987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Criegee intermediates exert a crucial influence on atmospheric chemistry, functioning as powerful oxidants that facilitate the degradation of pollutants, and understanding their reaction kinetics is essential for accurate atmospheric modeling. In this study, the kinetics of CH2OO and syn-CH3CHOO reactions with acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) were investigated using a flash photolysis reaction tube coupled with the OH laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) method. The experimental results indicate that the reaction of syn-CH3CHOO with CH3CHO is independent of pressure in the range of 5-50 Torr when using Ar as the bath gas. However, the rate coefficient for the reaction between CH2OO and CH3CHO at 5.5 Torr was found to be lower compared to the near-constant values observed between 10 and 100 Torr. Furthermore, the reaction of syn-CH3CHOO with CH3CHO demonstrated positive temperature dependence from 283 to 330 K, with a rate coefficient of (2.11 ± 0.45) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor derived from the Arrhenius plot for this reaction were determined to be 2.32 ± 0.49 kcal mol-1 and (1.66 ± 0.61) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively. In comparison, the reaction of CH2OO with CH3CHO exhibited negative temperature dependence, with a rate coefficient of (2.16 ± 0.39) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 100 Torr and 298 K and an activation energy and a pre-exponential factor of -1.73 ± 0.31 kcal mol-1 and (1.15 ± 0.21) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively, over the temperature range of 280-333 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Jiang
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chunlei Xiao
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenrui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
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2
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Tang Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Liang J, Li S, Chen G, Chen Z, Tang B, Zhu J, Li X. Diurnal emission variation of ozone precursors: Impacts on ozone formation during Sep. 2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172591. [PMID: 38663597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
With the issue of ozone (O3) pollution having increasingly gained visibility and prominence in China, the Chinese government explored various policies to mitigate O3 pollution. In some provinces and cities, diurnal regulations of O3 precursor were implemented, such as shifting O3 precursor emission processes to nighttime and offering preferential refueling at night. However, the effectiveness of these policies remains unverified, and their impact on the O3 generation process requires further elucidation. In this study, we utilized a regional climate and air quality model (WRF-Chem, v4.5) to test three scenarios aimed at exploring the impact of diurnal industry emission variation of O3 precursors on O3 formation. Significant O3 variations were observed mainly in urban areas. Shifting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to nighttime have slight decreased daytime O3 levels while moving nitrogen oxides (NOx) to nighttime elevates O3 levels. Simultaneously moving both to nighttime showed combined effects. Process analysis indicates that the diurnal variation in O3 was mainly attributed to chemical process and vertical mixing in urban areas, while advection becomes more important in non-urban areas, contributing to the changes in O3 and O3 precursors levels through regional transportation. Further photochemical analysis reveals that the O3 photochemical production in urban areas was affected by reduced daytime O3 precursors emissions. Specifically, decreasing VOCs lowered the daytime O3 production by reducing the ROx radicals (ROx = HO + HO˙2 + RO˙2), whereas decreasing NOx promoted the daytime O3 production by weakening ROx radical loss. Our results demonstrate that diurnal regulation of O3 precursors will disrupt the ROx radical and O3 formation in local areas, resulting in a change in O3 concentration and atmospheric oxidation capacity, which should be considered in formulating new relevant policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xuwu Chen
- School of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Gaojie Chen
- College of Mathematics and Econometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zuo Chen
- College of Information Science and Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Binxu Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jiesong Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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3
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Hata H, Tonokura K. Kinetic study of isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide radicals reacting with sulphur dioxide and their global-scale impact on sulphate formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024. [PMID: 38856669 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Isoprene is the most relevant volatile organic compound emitted during the biosynthesis of metabolism processes. The oxidation of isoprene by a hydroxy radical (OH) is one of the main consumption schemes that generate six isomers of isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide radicals (ISOPOOs). In this study, the rate constants of ISOPOOs + sulphur dioxide (SO2) reactions that eventually generate sulphur trioxide (SO3), the precursor of sulphate aerosol (SO42-(p)), are determined using microcanonical kinetic theories coupled with molecular structures and energies estimated by quantum chemical calculations. The results show that the reaction rates range from 10-27 to 10-20 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, depending on the atmospheric temperature and structure of the six ISOPOO isomers. The effect of SO3 formation from SO2 oxidation by ISOPOOs on the atmosphere is evaluated by a global chemical transport model, along with the rate constants obtained from microcanonical kinetic theories. The results show that SO3 formation is enhanced in regions with high SO2 or low nitrogen oxide (NO), such as China, the Middle East, and Amazon rainforests. However, the production rates of SO3 formation by ISOPOOs + SO2 reactions are eight orders of magnitude lower than that from the OH + SO2 reaction. This is indicative of SO42-(p) formation from the direct oxidation of SO2 by ISOPOOs, which is almost negligible in the atmosphere. The results of this study entail a detailed analysis of SO3 formation from gas-phase reactions of isoprene-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Hata
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Tonokura
- Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan
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4
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Madhu GS, Rajakumar B. A combined experimental and computational investigation on the OH radical and Cl atom-initiated reaction of 2,3-dichloropropene in troposphere. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142566. [PMID: 38851505 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Temperature-dependent kinetics of OH radical and Cl atom-initiated reaction of an important halogenated alkene, 2,3-Dichloropropene (23DCP), were investigated using absolute and relative methods over 278-363 K. Pulsed laser photolysis - laser induced fluorescence technique and relative rate method using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector were employed for studying the kinetics of 23DCP with OH radical and Cl atom, respectively. The obtained Arrhenius expressions were kOH(expt)=(4.08 ± 1.63) × 10-13exp{(1043 ± 124)/T} cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and kCl(expt)=(1.54 ± 0.24) × 10-11exp{(705 ± 48)/T} cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Computational calculations were conducted to validate our experimental kinetic results and provide new insights into the importance of a particular pathway among all based on thermodynamic parameters. The addition of OH/Cl to the terminal carbon of the double bond present in 23DCP proved to be the predominant pathway across the selected temperature range for the present study (200-400 K). The degradation mechanism of these reactions was proposed by analyzing the products with the aid of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Calculating various atmospheric implication parameters can help to understand how the release of 23DCP may affect the troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika S Madhu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Balla Rajakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India; Centre for Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
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Gao Q, Shen C, Zhang H, Long B, Truhlar DG. Quantitative kinetics reveal that reactions of HO 2 are a significant sink for aldehydes in the atmosphere and may initiate the formation of highly oxygenated molecules via autoxidation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16160-16174. [PMID: 38787752 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00693c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Large aldehydes are widespread in the atmosphere and their oxidation leads to secondary organic aerosols. The current understanding of their chemical transformation processes is limited to hydroxyl radical (OH) oxidation during daytime and nitrate radical (NO3) oxidation during nighttime. Here, we report quantitative kinetics calculations of the reactions of hexanal (C5H11CHO), pentanal (C4H9CHO), and butanal (C3H7CHO) with hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) at atmospheric temperatures and pressures. We find that neither tunneling nor multistructural torsion anharmonicity should be neglected in computing these rate constants; strong anharmonicity at the transition states is also important. We find rate constants for the three reactions in the range 3.2-7.7 × 10-14 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K and 1 atm, showing that the HO2 reactions can be competitive with OH and NO3 oxidation under some conditions relevant to the atmosphere. Our findings reveal that HO2-initiated oxidation of large aldehydes may be responsible for the formation of highly oxygenated molecules via autoxidation. We augment the theoretic studies with laboratory flow-tube experiments using an iodide-adduct time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer to confirm the theoretical predictions of peroxy radicals and the autoxidation pathway. We find that the adduct from HO2 + C5H11CHO undergoes a fast unimolecular 1,7-hydrogen shift with a rate constant of 0.45 s-1. We suggest that the HO2 reactions make significant contributions to the sink of aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Gao
- School of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Chuanyang Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, 92507, USA.
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, 92507, USA.
| | - Bo Long
- School of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu university, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, USA.
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6
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Dai Y, Chen Z, Qin X, Dong P, Xu J, Hu J, Gu L, Chen S. Hydrolysis reactivity reveals significant seasonal variation in the composition of organic peroxides in ambient PM 2.5. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172143. [PMID: 38569967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric organic peroxides (POs) play a key role in the formation of O3 and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), impacting both air quality and human health. However, there still remain technical challenges in investigating the reactivity of POs in ambient aerosols due to the instability and lack of standards for POs, impeding accurate evaluation of their environmental impacts. In the present study, we conducted the first attempt to categorize and quantify POs in ambient PM2.5 through hydrolysis, which is an important transformation pathway for POs, thus revealing the reactivities of various POs. POs were generally categorized into hydrolyzable POs (HPO) and unhydrolyzable POs (UPO). HPO were further categorized into three groups: short-lifetime HPO (S-HPO), intermediate-lifetime HPO (I-HPO), and long-lifetime HPO (L-HPO). S-HPO and L-HPO are typically formed from Criegee intermediate (CI) and RO2 radical reactions, respectively. Results show that L-HPO are the most abundant HPO, indicating the dominant role of RO2 pathway in HPO formation. Despite their lower concentration compared to L-HPO, S-HPO make a major contribution to the HPO hydrolysis rate due to their faster rate constants. The hydrolysis of PM2.5 POs accounts for 19 % of the nighttime gas-phase H2O2 growth during the summer observation, constituting a noteworthy source of gas-phase H2O2 and contributing to the atmospheric oxidation capacity. Seasonal and weather conditions significantly impact the composition of POs, with HPO concentrations in summer being significantly higher than those in winter and elevated under rainy and nighttime conditions. POs are mainly composed of HPO in summer, while in winter, POs are dominated by UPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishuang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingcheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Linghao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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7
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Tan J, Kong L, Wang Y, Liu B, An Y, Xia L, Lu Y, Li Q, Wang L. Direct aqueous photochemistry of methylglyoxal and its effect on sulfate formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171519. [PMID: 38460698 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, among many oxidation pathways studied for atmospheric sulfate formation, the aqueous phase oxidation pathways of H2O2 and organic hydroperoxides (ROOHs) have attracted great scientific attention. Higher concentrations of H2O2 and ubiquitous ROOHs have been observed in atmospheric aqueous phase environments (cloud water, fog droplets, etc.). However, there are still some gaps in the study of their aqueous phase generation and their influences on sulfate formation. In this study, the aqueous phase photochemical reaction of methylglyoxal, a ubiquitous organic substance in the atmospheric aqueous phase, was studied under UV irradiation, and the generation of H2O2 and ROOHs in this system was investigated. It is found for the first time that the aqueous phase photolysis of methylglyoxal not only produces H2O2 but also produces ROOHs, and UV light and O2 are necessary for the formation of H2O2 and ROOHs. Based on the experimental results, the possible mechanism of aqueous phase photochemistry of methylglyoxal and the generation of H2O2 and ROOHs were proposed. The effect of aqueous phase photolysis of methylglyoxal on sulfate formation under different conditions was also investigated. The results show that the aqueous phase photolysis of methylglyoxal significantly promoted SO2 oxidation and sulfate formation, in which SO2 oxidation was realized by the generated H2O2, ROOHs and •OH radicals, and the importance of the formed ROOHs cannot be ignored. These results fill some gaps in the field of aqueous phase H2O2 and ROOHs production, and to a certain extent confirm the important roles of the aqueous phase photolysis of methylglyoxal and the formed H2O2 and ROOHs in the production of sulfate. The study reveals the new sources of H2O2 and ROOHs, and provides a new insight into the heterogeneous aqueous phase oxidation pathways and mechanisms of SO2 in cloud and fog droplets and haze particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lingdong Kong
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), No.3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yixuan An
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lianghai Xia
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, No. 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
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8
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Marks JH, Bai X, Nikolayev AA, Gong Q, Zhu C, Kleimeier NF, Turner AM, Singh SK, Wang J, Yang J, Pan Y, Yang T, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. Methanetriol─Formation of an Impossible Molecule. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12174-12184. [PMID: 38629886 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Orthocarboxylic acids─organic molecules carrying three hydroxyl groups at the same carbon atom─have been distinguished as vital reactive intermediates by the atmospheric science and physical (organic) chemistry communities as transients in the atmospheric aerosol cycle. Predicted short lifetimes and their tendency to dehydrate to a carboxylic acid, free orthocarboxylic acids, signify one of the most elusive classes of organic reactive intermediates, with even the simplest representative methanetriol (CH(OH)3)─historically known as orthoformic acid─not previously been detected experimentally. Here, we report the first synthesis of the previously elusive methanetriol molecule in low-temperature mixed methanol (CH3OH) and molecular oxygen (O2) ices subjected to energetic irradiation. Supported by electronic structure calculations, methanetriol was identified in the gas phase upon sublimation via isomer-selective photoionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with isotopic substitution studies and the detection of photoionization fragments. The first synthesis and detection of methanetriol (CH(OH)3) reveals its gas-phase stability as supported by a significant barrier hindering unimolecular decomposition. These findings progress our fundamental understanding of the chemistry and chemical bonding of methanetriol, hydroxyperoxymethane (CH3OOOH), and hydroxyperoxymethanol (CH2(OH)OOH), which are all prototype molecules in the oxidation chemistry of the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Xilin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | | | - Qi'ang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - N Fabian Kleimeier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Andrew M Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Santosh K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Jiuzhong Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Yang Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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9
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Song K, Upadhyay M, Meuwly M. OH-Formation following vibrationally induced reaction dynamics of H 2COO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12698-12708. [PMID: 38602285 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00739e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The reaction dynamics of H2COO to form HCOOH and dioxirane as first steps for OH-elimination is quantitatively investigated. Using a machine learned potential energy surface (PES) at the CASPT2/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory vibrational excitation along the CH-normal mode νCH with energies up to 40.0 kcal mol-1 (∼5νCH) leads almost exclusively to HCOOH which further decomposes into OH + HCO. Although the barrier to form dioxirane is only 21.4 kcal mol-1 the reaction probability to form dioxirane is two orders of magnitude lower if the CH-stretch mode is excited. Following the dioxirane-formation pathway is facile, however, if the COO-bend vibration is excited together with energies equivalent to ∼2νCH or ∼3νCOO. For OH-formation in the atmosphere the pathway through HCOOH is probably most relevant because the alternative pathways (through dioxirane or formic acid) involve several intermediates that can de-excite through collisions, relax via internal vibrational relaxation (IVR), or pass through loose and vulnerable transition states (formic acid). This work demonstrates how, by selectively exciting particular vibrational modes, it is possible to dial into desired reaction channels with a high degree of specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisheng Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Meenu Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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10
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Tan W, Zhu L, Mikoviny T, Nielsen CJ, Wisthaler A, D’Anna B, Antonsen S, Stenstrøm Y, Farren NJ, Hamilton JF, Boustead GA, Ingham T, Heard DE. Experimental and Theoretical Study of the OH-Initiated Degradation of Piperidine under Simulated Atmospheric Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2789-2814. [PMID: 38551452 PMCID: PMC11017256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The OH-initiated photo-oxidation of piperidine and the photolysis of 1-nitrosopiperidine were investigated in a large atmospheric simulation chamber and in theoretical calculations based on CCSD(T*)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ//M062X/aug-cc-pVTZ quantum chemistry results and master equation modeling of the pivotal reaction steps. The rate coefficient for the reaction of piperidine with OH radicals was determined by the relative rate method to be kOH-piperidine = (1.19 ± 0.27) × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 304 ± 2 K and 1014 ± 2 hPa. Product studies show the piperidine + OH reaction to proceed via H-abstraction from both CH2 and NH groups, resulting in the formation of the corresponding imine (2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine) as the major product and in the nitramine (1-nitropiperidine) and nitrosamine (1-nitrosopiperidine) as minor products. Analysis of 1-nitrosopiperidine photolysis experiments under natural sunlight conditions gave the relative rates jrel = j1-nitrosoperidine/jNO2 = 0.342 ± 0.007, k3/k4a = 0.53 ± 0.05 and k2/k4a = (7.66 ± 0.18) × 10-8 that were subsequently employed in modeling the piperidine photo-oxidation experiments, from which the initial branchings between H-abstraction from the NH and CH2 groups, kN-H/ktot = 0.38 ± 0.08 and kC2-H/ktot = 0.49 ± 0.19, were derived. All photo-oxidation experiments were accompanied by particle formation that was initiated by the acid-base reaction of piperidine with nitric acid. Primary photo-oxidation products including both 1-nitrosopiperidine and 1-nitropiperidine were detected in the particles formed. Quantum chemistry calculations on the OH initiated atmospheric photo-oxidation of piperidine suggest the branching in the initial H-abstraction routes to be ∼35% N1, ∼50% C2, ∼13% C3, and ∼2% C4. The theoretical study produced an atmospheric photo-oxidation mechanism, according to which H-abstraction from the C2 position predominantly leads to 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine and H-abstraction from the C3 position results in ring opening followed by a complex autoxidation, of which the first few steps are mapped in detail. H-abstraction from the C4 position is shown to result mainly in the formation of piperidin-4-one and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-4-ol, whereas H-abstraction from N1 under atmospheric conditions primarily leads to 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine and in minor amounts of 1-nitrosopiperidine and 1-nitropiperidine. The calculated rate coefficient for the piperidine + OH reaction agrees with the experimental value within 35%, and aligning the theoretical numbers to the experimental value results in k(T) = 2.46 × 10-12 × exp(486 K/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 (200-400 K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- Section
for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.Box. 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Liang Zhu
- Section
for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.Box. 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomas Mikoviny
- Section
for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.Box. 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Claus J. Nielsen
- Section
for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.Box. 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Section
for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.Box. 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Barbara D’Anna
- Aix-Marseille
University, CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376, Marseille 13331, France
| | - Simen Antonsen
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Yngve Stenstrøm
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Naomi J. Farren
- Wolfson
Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD York, U.K.
| | - Jacqueline F. Hamilton
- Wolfson
Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD York, U.K.
| | | | - Trevor Ingham
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K.
| | - Dwayne E. Heard
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K.
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11
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Chen IY, Chang CW, Fittschen C, Luo PL. Accurate Kinetic Studies of OH + HO 2 Radical-Radical Reaction through Direct Measurement of Precursor and Radical Concentrations with High-Resolution Time-Resolved Dual-Comb Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3733-3739. [PMID: 38547368 PMCID: PMC11017308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The radical-radical reaction between OH and HO2 has been considered for a long time as an important reaction in tropospheric photochemistry and combustion chemistry. However, a significant discrepancy of an order of magnitude for rate coefficients of this reaction is found between two recent experiments. Herein, we investigate the reaction OH + HO2 via direct spectral quantification of both the precursor (H2O2) and free radicals (OH and HO2) upon the 248 nm photolysis of H2O2 using infrared two-color time-resolved dual-comb spectroscopy. With quantitative and kinetic analysis of concentration profiles of both OH and HO2 at varied conditions, the rate coefficient kOH+HO2 is determined to be (1.10 ± 0.12) × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 296 K. Moreover, we explore the kinetics of this reaction under conditions in the presence of water, but no enhancement in the kOH+HO2 can be observed. This work as an independent experiment plays a crucial role in revisiting this prototypical radical-radical reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Yun Chen
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Chang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
- Molecular
Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
- International
Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Christa Fittschen
- University
Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522, PC2A−Physicochimie
des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pei-Ling Luo
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
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12
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Jiang J, McCartt AD. Mid-infrared trace detection with parts-per-quadrillion quantitation accuracy: Expanding frontiers of radiocarbon sensing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314441121. [PMID: 38513090 PMCID: PMC11009668 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314441121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Detection sensitivity is a critical characteristic to consider during selection of spectroscopic techniques. However, high sensitivity alone is insufficient for spectroscopic measurements in spectrally congested regions. Two-color cavity ringdown spectroscopy (2C-CRDS), based on intra-cavity pump-probe detection, simultaneously achieves high detection sensitivity and selectivity. This combination enables mid-infrared detection of radiocarbon dioxide ([Formula: see text]CO[Formula: see text]) molecules in room-temperature CO[Formula: see text] samples, with 1.4 parts-per-quadrillion (ppq, 10[Formula: see text]) sensitivity (average measurement precision) and 4.6-ppq quantitation accuracy (average calibrated measurement error for 21 samples from four separate trials) demonstrated on samples with [Formula: see text]C/C up to [Formula: see text]1.5[Formula: see text] natural abundance ([Formula: see text]1,800 ppq). These highly reproducible measurements, which are the most sensitive and quantitatively accurate in the mid-infrared, are accomplished despite the presence of orders-of-magnitude stronger, one-photon signals from other CO[Formula: see text] isotopologues. This is a major achievement in laser spectroscopy. A room-temperature-operated, compact, and low-cost 2C-CRDS sensor for [Formula: see text]CO[Formula: see text] benefits a wide range of scientific fields that utilize [Formula: see text]C for dating and isotope tracing, most notably atmospheric [Formula: see text]CO[Formula: see text] monitoring to track CO[Formula: see text] emissions from fossil fuels. The 2C-CRDS technique significantly enhances the general utility of high-resolution mid-infrared detection for analytical measurements and fundamental chemical dynamics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Atmospheric, Earth, and Energy Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA94550
| | - A. Daniel McCartt
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Atmospheric, Earth, and Energy Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA94550
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13
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Ma Q, Chu B, He H. Revealing the Contribution of Interfacial Processes to Atmospheric Oxidizing Capacity in Haze Chemistry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6071-6076. [PMID: 38551192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The atmospheric oxidizing capacity is the most important driving force for the chemical transformation of pollutants in the atmosphere. Traditionally, the atmospheric oxidizing capacity mainly depends on the concentration of O3 and other gaseous oxidants. However, the atmospheric oxidizing capacity based on gas-phase oxidation cannot accurately describe the explosive growth of secondary particulate matter under complex air pollution. From the chemical perspective, the atmospheric oxidizing capacity mainly comes from the activation of O2, which can be achieved in both gas-phase and interfacial processes. In the heterogeneous or multiphase formation pathways of secondary particulate matter, the enhancement of oxidizing capacity ascribed to the O2/H2O-involved interfacial oxidation and hydrolysis processes is an unrecognized source of atmospheric oxidizing capacity. Revealing the enhanced oxidizing capacity due to interfacial processes in high-concentration particulate matter environments and its contribution to the formation of secondary pollution are critical in understanding haze chemistry. The accurate evaluation of atmospheric oxidizing capacity ascribed to interfacial processes is also an important scientific basis for the implementation of PM2.5 and O3 collaborative control in China and around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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14
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Chen T, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Ma Q, Chu B, Liu P, Zhang P, Zhang C, Ge Y, Mellouki A, Mu Y, He H. Additional HONO and OH Generation from Photoexcited Phenyl Organic Nitrates in the Photoreaction of Aromatics and NO x. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5911-5920. [PMID: 38437592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
HONO acts as a major OH source, playing a vital role in secondary pollutant formation to deteriorate regional air quality. Strong unknown sources of daytime HONO have been widely reported, which significantly limit our understanding of radical cycling and atmospheric oxidation capacity. Here, we identify a potential daytime HONO and OH source originating from photoexcited phenyl organic nitrates formed during the photoreaction of aromatics and NOx. Significant HONO (1.56-4.52 ppb) and OH production is observed during the photoreaction of different kinds of aromatics with NOx (18.1-242.3 ppb). We propose an additional mechanism involving photoexcited phenyl organic nitrates (RONO2) reacting with water vapor to account for the higher levels of measured HONO and OH than the model prediction. The proposed HONO formation mechanism was evidenced directly by photolysis experiments using typical RONO2 under UV irradiation conditions, during which HONO formation was enhanced by relative humidity. The 0-D box model incorporated in this mechanism accurately reproduced the evolution of HONO and aromatic. The proposed mechanism contributes 5.9-36.6% of HONO formation as the NOx concentration increased in the photoreaction of aromatics and NOx. Our study implies that photoexcited phenyl organic nitrates are an important source of atmospheric HONO and OH that contributes significantly to atmospheric oxidation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzeng Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yangang Ren
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qingxin Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yanli Ge
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), CNRS/OSUC, Orléans 45071, France
| | - Yujing Mu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Ferracci V, Weber J, Bolas CG, Robinson AD, Tummon F, Rodríguez-Ros P, Cortés-Greus P, Baccarini A, Jones RL, Galí M, Simó R, Schmale J, Harris NRP. Atmospheric isoprene measurements reveal larger-than-expected Southern Ocean emissions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2571. [PMID: 38519467 PMCID: PMC10959939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46744-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Isoprene is a key trace component of the atmosphere emitted by vegetation and other organisms. It is highly reactive and can impact atmospheric composition and climate by affecting the greenhouse gases ozone and methane and secondary organic aerosol formation. Marine fluxes are poorly constrained due to the paucity of long-term measurements; this in turn limits our understanding of isoprene cycling in the ocean. Here we present the analysis of isoprene concentrations in the atmosphere measured across the Southern Ocean over 4 months in the summertime. Some of the highest concentrations ( >500 ppt) originated from the marginal ice zone in the Ross and Amundsen seas, indicating the marginal ice zone is a significant source of isoprene at high latitudes. Using the United Kingdom Earth System Model we show that current estimates of sea-to-air isoprene fluxes underestimate observed isoprene by a factor >20. A daytime source of isoprene is required to reconcile models with observations. The model presented here suggests such an increase in isoprene emissions would lead to >8% decrease in the hydroxyl radical in regions of the Southern Ocean, with implications for our understanding of atmospheric oxidation and composition in remote environments, often used as proxies for the pre-industrial atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Ferracci
- Cranfield Environment Centre, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, UK.
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, UK.
| | - James Weber
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Dept of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Conor G Bolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
- ITOPF, Old Broad Street, London, UK
| | - Andrew D Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
- Schlumberger Cambridge Research, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona Tummon
- Swiss Federal Office for Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-Ros
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Marilles Foundation, Bisbe Perelló, Palma, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pau Cortés-Greus
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Andrea Baccarini
- Extreme Environments Research Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of atmospheric processes and their impact, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roderic L Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martí Galí
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rafel Simó
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julia Schmale
- Extreme Environments Research Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Neil R P Harris
- Cranfield Environment Centre, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, UK
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16
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Zhang W, Issa K, Tang T, Zhang H. Role of Hydroperoxyl Radicals in Heterogeneous Oxidation of Oxygenated Organic Aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4727-4736. [PMID: 38411392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneous oxidative aging of organic aerosols (OA) occurs ubiquitously in the atmosphere, initiated by oxidants, such as the hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2•) are also an important oxidant in the troposphere, and its gas-phase chemistry has been well studied. However, the role of HO2• in heterogeneous OA oxidation remains elusive. Here, we carry out •OH-initiated heterogeneous oxidation of several OA model systems under different HO2• conditions in a flow tube reactor and characterize the molecular oxidation products using a suite of mass spectrometry instrumentation. By using hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) with thermal desorption iodide-adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometry, we provide direct observation of organic hydroperoxide (ROOH) formation from heterogeneous HO2• and peroxy radicals (RO2•) reactions for the first time. The ROOH may contribute substantially to the oxidation products, varied with the parent OA chemical structure. Furthermore, by regulating RO2• reaction pathways, HO2• also greatly influence the overall composition of the oxidized OA. Last, we suggest that the RO2• + HO2• reactions readily occur at the OA particle interface rather than in the particle bulk. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the heterogeneous OA oxidation chemistry and help fill the critical knowledge gap in understanding atmospheric OA oxidative aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Kassem Issa
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Tiffany Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
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17
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Zhou J, Fukusaki Y, Murano K, Gautam T, Bai Y, Inomata Y, Komatsu H, Takeda M, Yuan B, Shao M, Sakamoto Y, Kajii Y. Investigation of HO 2 uptake mechanisms onto multiple-component ambient aerosols collected in summer and winter time in Yokohama, Japan. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:18-29. [PMID: 37980006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous loss of HO2 radicals onto ambient aerosols plays an important role in tropospheric chemistry. However, sparse investigation of the dominating parameters controlling the HO2 uptake coefficients onto ambient aerosols (γHO2) has largely hindered the application of the measured γHO2 to the global spatial prediction. Here we induced an offline method using LFP-LIF technique to measure the kinetics of HO2 uptake onto ambient aerosols collected in summertime and wintertime in Yokohama city, a regional urban site near Tokyo, Japan. By controlling the dominating parameters which influence γHO2, we were able to investigate the detailed HO2 uptake mechanism. We characterized the chemical composition of the collected ambient aerosols, including organics, inorganics, transition metals ions, etc. and modeled γHO2 using different mechanisms. Results show that γHO2 increased with the increase in RH, and the aerosol states ("dry" or wet/aqueous) have large effects on γHO2. With fixed RH and aerosol chemical composition, γHO2was highly dependent on pH and inversely correlated with [HO2]0. By combing the measured γHO2 values with the modeled ones, we found that both the HO2 self-reaction and transition metal-catalyzed reactions should be accounted for to yield a single parameterization to predict γHO2, and different chemical compositions may have collective effects on γHO2. Results may serve for extending the γHO2 values measured at one observation site to different environmental conditions, which will help us to achieve more accurate modeling results concerning secondary pollutant formation (i.e., ozone).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation forEnvironmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China; Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Fukusaki
- Yokohama Environmental Science Research Institute, Yokohama Kanagawa 221‒0024, Japan
| | - Kentaro Murano
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tania Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Yu Bai
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Inomata
- Yokohama Environmental Science Research Institute, Yokohama Kanagawa 221‒0024, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Komatsu
- Kanagawa Environmental Research Center, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
| | - Mayuko Takeda
- Kanagawa Environmental Research Center, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
| | - Bin Yuan
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation forEnvironmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Min Shao
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation forEnvironmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yosuke Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshizumi Kajii
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
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18
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Yang X, Wang H, Lu K, Ma X, Tan Z, Long B, Chen X, Li C, Zhai T, Li Y, Qu K, Xia Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Chen S, Dong H, Zeng L, Zhang Y. Reactive aldehyde chemistry explains the missing source of hydroxyl radicals. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1648. [PMID: 38388476 PMCID: PMC10883920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyl radicals (OH) determine the tropospheric self-cleansing capacity, thus regulating air quality and climate. However, the state-of-the-art mechanisms still underestimate OH at low nitrogen oxide and high volatile organic compound regimes even considering the latest isoprene chemistry. Here we propose that the reactive aldehyde chemistry, especially the autoxidation of carbonyl organic peroxy radicals (R(CO)O2) derived from higher aldehydes, is a noteworthy OH regeneration mechanism that overwhelms the contribution of the isoprene autoxidation, the latter has been proved to largely contribute to the missing OH source under high isoprene condition. As diagnosed by the quantum chemical calculations, the R(CO)O2 radicals undergo fast H-migration to produce unsaturated hydroperoxyl-carbonyls that generate OH through rapid photolysis. This chemistry could explain almost all unknown OH sources in areas rich in both natural and anthropogenic emissions in the warm seasons, and may increasingly impact the global self-cleansing capacity in a future low nitrogen oxide society under carbon neutrality scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Xuefei Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhaofeng Tan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bo Long
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chunmeng Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tianyu Zhai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kun Qu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuqiong Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huabin Dong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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19
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Zhang YQ, Francisco JS, Long B. Rapid Atmospheric Reactions between Criegee Intermediates and Hypochlorous Acid. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:909-917. [PMID: 38271208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a paramount compound in the atmosphere due to its significant contribution to both tropospheric oxidation capacity and ozone depletion. The main removal routes for HOCl are photolysis and the reaction with OH during the daytime, while these processes are unimportant during the nighttime. Here, we report the rapid reactions of Criegee intermediates (CH2OO and anti/syn-CH3CHOO) with HOCl by using high-level quantum chemical methods as the benchmark; their accuracy is close to coupled cluster theory with single, double, and triple excitations and quasiperturbative connected quadruple excitations with a complete basis limit by extrapolation [CCSDT(Q)/CBS]. Their rate constants have been calculated by using a dual-level strategy; this combines conventional transition state theory calculated at the benchmark level with variational transition state theory with small-curvature tunneling by a validated density functional method. We find that the introduction of the methyl group into Criegee intermediates not only affects their reactivities but also exerts a remarkable influence on anharmonicity. The calculated results uncover that anharmonicity increases the rate constants of CH2OO + HOCl by a factor of 18-5, while it is of minor importance in the anti/syn-CH3CHOO + HOCl reaction at 190-350 K. The present findings reveal that the loose transition state for anti-CH3CHOO and HOCl is a rate-determining step at 190-350 K. We also find that the reaction of Criegee intermediates with HOCl contributes significantly to the sink of HOCl during the nighttime in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong Zhang
- College of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Bo Long
- College of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
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20
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Dong Z, Francisco JS, Long B. Ammonolysis of Glyoxal at the Air-Water Nanodroplet Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316060. [PMID: 38084872 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The reactions of glyoxal (CHO)2 ) with amines in cloud processes contribute to the formation of brown carbon and oligomer particles in the atmosphere. However, their molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, we investigate the ammonolysis mechanisms of glyoxal with amines at the air-water nanodroplet interface. We identified three and two distinct pathways for the ammonolysis of glyoxal with dimethylamine and methylamine by using metadynamics simulations at the air-water nanodroplet interface, respectively. Notably, the stepwise pathways mediated by the water dimer for the reactions of glyoxal with dimethylamine and methylamine display the lowest free energy barriers of 3.6 and 4.9 kcal ⋅ mol-1 , respectively. These results showed that the air-water nanodroplet ammonolysis reactions of glyoxal with dimethylamine and methylamine were more feasible and occurred at faster rates than the corresponding gas phase ammonolysis, the OH+(CHO)2 reaction, and the aqueous phase reaction of glyoxal, leading to the dominant removal of glyoxal. Our results provide new and important insight into the reactions between carbonyl compounds and amines, which are crucial in forming nitrogen-containing aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zegang Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA-19104, USA
| | - Bo Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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21
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Upadhyay M, Töpfer K, Meuwly M. Molecular Simulation for Atmospheric Reactions: Non-Equilibrium Dynamics, Roaming, and Glycolaldehyde Formation following Photoinduced Decomposition of syn-Acetaldehyde Oxide. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:90-96. [PMID: 38147042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The decomposition dynamics of vibrationally excited syn-CH3CHOO to form vinoxy + hydroxyl (CH2CHO + OH) radicals or to recombine to form glycolaldehyde (CH2OHCHO) are characterized using statistically significant numbers of molecular dynamics simulations using a full-dimensional neural-network-based potential energy surface at the CASPT2 level of theory. The computed final OH-translational and rotational state distributions agree well with experiments and probe the still unknown O-O bond strength DeOO for which best values from 22 to 25 kcal/mol are found. OH-elimination rates are consistent with experiments and do not vary appreciably with DeOO due to the non-equilibrium nature of the process. In addition to the OH-elimination pathway, OH roaming is observed following O-O scission, which leads to glycolaldehyde formation on the picosecond time scale. Together with recent work involving the methyl-ethyl-substituted Criegee intermediate, we conclude that OH roaming is a general pathway to be included in molecular-level modeling of atmospheric processes. This work demonstrates that atomistic simulations with machine-learned energy functions provide a viable route for exploring the chemistry and reaction dynamics of atmospheric reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kai Töpfer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Wu J, Faccinetto A, Batut S, Cazaunau M, Pangui E, Nuns N, Hanoune B, Doussin JF, Desgroux P, Petitprez D. On the correlation between hygroscopic properties and chemical composition of cloud condensation nuclei obtained from the chemical aging of soot particles with O 3 and SO 2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167745. [PMID: 37827306 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Soot particles released in the atmosphere have long been investigated for their ability to affect the radiative forcing. Although freshly emitted soot particles are generally considered to yield only positive contributions to the radiative forcing, atmospheric aging can activate them into efficient cloud condensation or ice nuclei, which can trigger the formation of persistent clouds and ultimately provide a negative contribution to the radiative forcing. Depending on their residence time in the atmosphere, soot particles can undergo several physical and chemical aging processes that affect their chemical composition, particle size distribution and morphology, and ultimately their optical and hygroscopic properties. The impact of the physical-chemical aging on the properties of soot particles is still difficult to quantify, as well as their effect on the radiative forcing of the atmosphere. This work investigates the hygroscopic properties of chemically aged soot particles obtained from the combustion of aviation fuel, and in particular the interplay between aging mechanisms initiated by two widespread atmospheric oxidizers (O3 and SO2). Activation is measured in water supersaturation conditions using a cloud condensation nuclei counter. Once particle morphology and size distribution are taken into account, the hygroscopicity parameter κ is derived using κ-Köhler theory and correlated to the change of the chemical composition of the particles aged in a simulation chamber. While fresh soot particles are poor cloud condensation nuclei (κ < 10-4) and are not significantly affected by either O3 or SO2 at the timescale of the experiments, rapid activation is observed when they are simultaneously exposed to both oxidizers. Activated particles become efficient cloud condensation nuclei, comparable to the highly hygroscopic particulate matter typically found in the atmosphere (κ = 0.2-0.6 at RH = 20 %). Statistical analysis reveals a correlation between the activation and sulfur-containing ions detected on the chemically aged particles that are absent from the fresh particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junteng Wu
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alessandro Faccinetto
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Batut
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- Univ. Paris Est Créteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Edouard Pangui
- Univ. Paris Est Créteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Nicolas Nuns
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, FR 2638 - IMEC - Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Hanoune
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-François Doussin
- Univ. Paris Est Créteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Pascale Desgroux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Denis Petitprez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France.
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23
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Kumar A, Kumar P. Can Ozone Dissociate at the Surface of Water (Water Droplet and Ice) without Light? J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10016-10025. [PMID: 37965752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is a major source of OH radicals in the troposphere. It is well-known that photodissociation of ozone is key for the conversion of ozone into OH radicals. In the present study, using Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulation, we have shown that on the surface of the droplet and ice, ozone can dissociate without light. In addition, the dissociation time of ozone is found to be much less on the ice surface than the same time on the water droplet. As the dissociation of ozone on the water surface can happen during the day as well as in the night time, we believe this route of forming OH radicals can be even more important than the photodissociation. The present study suggests that the cloud and ice surface can enhance the oxidizing power of the troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017,India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017,India
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24
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Venkateswaran V, Alali I, Unni AP, Weißflog J, Halitschke R, Hansson BS, Knaden M. Carbonyl products of ozone oxidation of volatile organic compounds can modulate olfactory choice behavior in insects. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122542. [PMID: 37717892 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Insects are a diverse group of organisms that provide important ecosystem services like pollination, pest control, and decomposition and rely on olfaction to perform these services. In the Anthropocene, increasing concentrations of oxidant pollutants such as ozone have been shown to corrupt odor-driven behavior in insects by chemically degrading e.g. flower signals or insect pheromones. The degradation, however, does not only result in a loss of signals, but also in a potential enrichment of oxidation products, predominantly small carbonyls. Whether and how these oxidation products affect insect olfactory perception remains unclear. We examined the effects of ozone-generated small carbonyls on the olfactory behavior of the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster. We compiled a broad collection of neurophysiologically relevant odorants for the fly from databases and literature and predicted the formation of the types of stable small carbonyl products resulting from the odorant's oxidation by ozone. Based on these predictions, we evaluated the olfactory detection and behavioral impact of the ten most frequently predicted carbonyl products in the fly using single sensillum recordings (SSRs) and behavioral tests. Our results demonstrate that the fly's olfactory system can detect the oxidation products, which then elicit either attractive or neutral behavioral responses, rather than repulsion. However, certain products alter behavioral choices to an attractive odor source of balsamic vinegar. Our findings suggest that the enrichment of small carbonyl oxidation products due to increased ozone levels can affect olfactory guided insect behavior. Our study underscores the implications for odor-guided foraging in insects and the essential ecosystem services they offer under carbonyl enriched environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Venkateswaran
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany; Next Generation Insect Chemical Ecology,Max Planck Centre, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Alali
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Anjana P Unni
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jerrit Weißflog
- Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany; Next Generation Insect Chemical Ecology,Max Planck Centre, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Knaden
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany; Next Generation Insect Chemical Ecology,Max Planck Centre, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany.
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25
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Yin X, Tang F, Huang Z, Liao S, Sha Q, Cheng P, Lu M, Li Z, Yu F, Xu Y, Shao M, Zheng J. Developing a model-ready highly resolved HONO emission inventory in Guangdong using domestic measured emission factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165737. [PMID: 37495146 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) plays an important role in the budget of hydroxyl radical (OH) in the atmosphere. However, current chemical transport models (CTMs) typically underestimate ambient concentrations of HONO due to a dearth of high resolution primary HONO emission inventories. To address this issue, we have established a highly resolved bottom-up HONO emission inventory for CTMs in Guangdong province, utilizing the best available domestic measured emission factors and newly obtained activity data. Our results indicate that emissions from various sources in 2020, including soil, on-road traffic, non-road traffic, biomass burning, and stationary combustion, were estimated at 21.5, 10.0, 8.2, 2.5, and 0.7 kt, respectively. Notably, the HONO emissions structure differed between the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and the non-PRD regions. Specifically, traffic sources were the dominant contributors (62 %) to HONO emissions in the PRD, whereas soil sources accounted for the majority (65 %) of those in the non-PRD. Among on-road traffic sources, diesel vehicles played a significant role, contributing 99.7 %. Comparisons with previous methods suggest that HONO emissions from diesel vehicles are underestimated by approximately 2.5 times. Higher HONO emissions, dominated by soil emissions, were observed in summer months, particularly in August. Furthermore, diesel vehicle emissions were pronounced at night, likely contributing to the nighttime accumulation of HONO and the morning peak of OH. The emission inventories developed in this study can be directly applied to widely used CTMs, such as CMAQ, CAMx, WRF-Chem, and NAQPMS, to support the simulation of OH formation and secondary air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yin
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhijiong Huang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Songdi Liao
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qinge Sha
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Menghua Lu
- School of Petroleum Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuanqian Xu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Min Shao
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Junyu Zheng
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511442, China.
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26
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Chang CW, Chen IY, Fittschen C, Luo PL. Measurements of absolute line strength of the ν1 fundamental transitions of OH radical and rate coefficient of the reaction OH + H2O2 with mid-infrared two-color time-resolved dual-comb spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:184203. [PMID: 37962448 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Absolute line strengths of several transitions in the ν1 fundamental band of the hydroxyl radical (OH) have been measured by simultaneous determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and OH upon laser photolysis of H2O2. Based on the well-known quantum yield for the generation of OH radicals in the 248-nm photolysis of H2O2, the line strength of the OH radicals can be accurately derived by adopting the line strength of the well-characterized transitions of H2O2 and analyzing the difference absorbance time traces of H2O2 and OH obtained upon laser photolysis. Employing a synchronized two-color dual-comb spectrometer, we measured high-resolution time-resolved absorption spectra of H2O2 near 7.9 µm and the OH radical near 2.9 µm, simultaneously, under varied conditions. In addition to the studies of the line strengths of the selected H2O2 and OH transitions, the kinetics of the reaction between OH and H2O2 were investigated. A pressure-independent rate coefficient kOH+H2O2 was determined to be [1.97 (+0.10/-0.15)] × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 296 K and compared with other experimental results. By carefully analyzing both high-resolution spectra and temporal absorbance profiles of H2O2 and OH, the uncertainty of the obtained OH line strengths can be achieved down to <10% in this work. Moreover, the proposed two-color time-resolved dual-comb spectroscopy provides a new approach for directly determining the line strengths of transient free radicals and holds promise for investigations on their self-reaction kinetics as well as radical-radical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wei Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - I-Yun Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Christa Fittschen
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522, PC2A-Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pei-Ling Luo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
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27
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Welsh BA, Corrigan ME, Assaf E, Nauta K, Sebastianelli P, Jordan MJT, Fittschen C, Kable SH. Photophysical oxidation of HCHO produces HO 2 radicals. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1350-1357. [PMID: 37414879 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde, HCHO, is the highest-volume carbonyl in the atmosphere. It absorbs sunlight at wavelengths shorter than 330 nm and photolyses to form H and HCO radicals, which then react with O2 to form HO2. Here we show HCHO has an additional HO2 formation pathway. At photolysis energies below the energetic threshold for radical formation we directly detect HO2 at low pressures by cavity ring-down spectroscopy and indirectly detect HO2 at 1 bar by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy end-product analysis. Supported by electronic structure theory and master equation simulations, we attribute this HO2 to photophysical oxidation (PPO): photoexcited HCHO relaxes non-radiatively to the ground electronic state where the far-from-equilibrium, vibrationally activated HCHO molecules react with thermal O2. PPO is likely to be a general mechanism in tropospheric chemistry and, unlike photolysis, PPO will increase with increasing O2 pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair A Welsh
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Maggie E Corrigan
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Assaf
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522, PC2A-Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Lille, France
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Klaas Nauta
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paolo Sebastianelli
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meredith J T Jordan
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Christa Fittschen
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522, PC2A-Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Lille, France
| | - Scott H Kable
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
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28
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Song H, Guo H. Theoretical Insights into the Dynamics of Gas-Phase Bimolecular Reactions with Submerged Barriers. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2023; 3:406-418. [PMID: 37780541 PMCID: PMC10540288 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been paid to the dynamics of both activated gas-phase bimolecular reactions, which feature monotonically increasing integral cross sections and Arrhenius kinetics, and their barrierless capture counterparts, which manifest monotonically decreasing integral cross sections and negative temperature dependence of the rate coefficients. In this Perspective, we focus on the dynamics of gas-phase bimolecular reactions with submerged barriers, which often involve radicals or ions and are prevalent in combustion, atmospheric chemistry, astrochemistry, and plasma chemistry. The temperature dependence of the rate coefficients for such reactions is often non-Arrhenius and complex, and the corresponding dynamics may also be quite different from those with significant barriers or those completely dominated by capture. Recent experimental and theoretical studies of such reactions, particularly at relatively low temperatures or collision energies, have revealed interesting dynamical behaviors, which are discussed here. The new knowledge enriches our understanding of the dynamics of these unusual reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Song
- State
Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science
and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University
of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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29
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Chen Y, Zhong L, Liu S, Jiang H, Shi J, Jin Y, Yang X, Dong W. The simplest Criegee intermediate CH 2OO reaction with dimethylamine and trimethylamine: kinetics and atmospheric implications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23187-23196. [PMID: 37605796 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02948d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
We have used the OH laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) method to measure the kinetics of the simplest Criegee intermediate (CH2OO) reacting with two abundant amines in the atmosphere: dimethylamine ((CH3)2NH) and trimethylamine ((CH3)3N). Our experiments were conducted under pseudo-first-order approximation conditions. The rate coefficients we report are (2.15 ± 0.28) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for (CH3)2NH at 298 K and 10 Torr, and (1.56 ± 0.23) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for (CH3)3N at 298 K and 25 Torr with Ar as the bath gas. Both reactions exhibit a negative temperature dependence. The activation energy and pre-exponential factors derived from the Arrhenius equation were (-2.03 ± 0.26) kcal mol-1 and (6.89 ± 0.90) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for (CH3)2NH, and (-1.60 ± 0.24) kcal mol-1 and (1.06 ± 0.16) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for (CH3)3N. We propose that the electronegativity of the atom in the co-reactant attached to the C atom of CH2OO, in addition to the dissociation energy of the fragile covalent bonds with H atoms (H-X bond), plays an important role in the 1,2-insertion reactions. Under certain circumstances, the title reactions can contribute to the sink of amines and Criegee intermediates and to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Licheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Siyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Haotian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jiayu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Department of Physics, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuqi Jin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenrui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
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Li Q, Meidan D, Hess P, Añel JA, Cuevas CA, Doney S, Fernandez RP, van Herpen M, Höglund-Isaksson L, Johnson MS, Kinnison DE, Lamarque JF, Röckmann T, Mahowald NM, Saiz-Lopez A. Global environmental implications of atmospheric methane removal through chlorine-mediated chemistry-climate interactions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4045. [PMID: 37422475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric methane is both a potent greenhouse gas and photochemically active, with approximately equal anthropogenic and natural sources. The addition of chlorine to the atmosphere has been proposed to mitigate global warming through methane reduction by increasing its chemical loss. However, the potential environmental impacts of such climate mitigation remain unexplored. Here, sensitivity studies are conducted to evaluate the possible effects of increasing reactive chlorine emissions on the methane budget, atmospheric composition and radiative forcing. Because of non-linear chemistry, in order to achieve a reduction in methane burden (instead of an increase), the chlorine atom burden needs to be a minimum of three times the estimated present-day burden. If the methane removal target is set to 20%, 45%, or 70% less global methane by 2050 compared to the levels in the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario (RCP8.5), our modeling results suggest that additional chlorine fluxes of 630, 1250, and 1880 Tg Cl/year, respectively, are needed. The results show that increasing chlorine emissions also induces significant changes in other important climate forcers. Remarkably, the tropospheric ozone decrease is large enough that the magnitude of radiative forcing decrease is similar to that of methane. Adding 630, 1250, and 1880 Tg Cl/year to the RCP8.5 scenario, chosen to have the most consistent current-day trends of methane, will decrease the surface temperature by 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 °C by 2050, respectively. The quantity and method in which the chlorine is added, its interactions with climate pathways, and the potential environmental impacts on air quality and ocean acidity, must be carefully considered before any action is taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Li
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas Cabrera, CSIC, Madrid, 28006, Spain
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daphne Meidan
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Peter Hess
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Juan A Añel
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas Cabrera, CSIC, Madrid, 28006, Spain
- EPhysLab, CIM-Uvigo, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Carlos A Cuevas
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas Cabrera, CSIC, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Scott Doney
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rafael P Fernandez
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (ICB), National Research Council (CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Maarten van Herpen
- Acacia Impact Innovation BV, Acacialaan 9, 5384 BB, Heesch, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Höglund-Isaksson
- Pollution Management group (PM), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), 2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Matthew S Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Douglas E Kinnison
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jean-François Lamarque
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Röckmann
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584CC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Natalie M Mahowald
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas Cabrera, CSIC, Madrid, 28006, Spain.
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Yang X, Zhang G, Hu S, Wang J, Zhang P, Zhong X, Song H. Summertime carbonyl compounds in an urban area in the North China plain: Identification of sources, key precursors and their contribution to O 3 formation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121908. [PMID: 37257807 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl compounds are critical components of volatile organic compounds. They significantly participate in the photochemical formation of atmospheric ozone and thus threaten human health. This study measured 15 C1-C8 carbonyl compounds at an urban site in Linyi, a typically industrialised city in the North China Plain (NCP). Formaldehyde (3.89 ppbv), acetaldehyde (1.66 ppbv) and acetone (2.03 ppbv) were found to be the top three carbonyl compounds, accounting for 76.11% of the total concentration of carbonyl compounds. Anthropogenic secondary formation was recognised as the main source of the top five carbonyl compounds, which included formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, butyraldehyde and benzaldehyde, and accounted for 46-54% of all sources. Alkenes were the most important precursors of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, suggesting that reducing the emission of alkenes from anthropogenic sources is an effective way to control carbonyl compound pollution in Linyi. Furthermore, the photolysis of carbonyl compounds played a significant role (68-75%) as sources of HO2• and RO2• and thus made a significant contribution (14.6%) to the photochemical formation of O3. This study highlights the importance of anthropogenic secondary formation as a source of carbonyl compounds and provides a scientific basis for O3 pollution control in carbonyl compound-enriched cities in the NCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China; Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ji'nan, 250101, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Shuhao Hu
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China
| | - Jinhe Wang
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China
| | - Xuelian Zhong
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China
| | - Hengyu Song
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China
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32
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Lockhart JPA, Bodipati B, Rizvi S. Investigating the Association Reactions of HOCH 2CO and HOCHCHO with O 2: A Quantum Computational and Master Equation Study. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:4302-4316. [PMID: 37146175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycolaldehyde, HOCH2CHO, is an important multifunctional atmospheric trace gas formed in the oxidation of ethylene and isoprene and emitted directly from burning biomass. The initial step in the atmospheric photooxidation of HOCH2CHO yields HOCH2CO and HOCHCHO radicals; both of these radicals react rapidly with O2 in the troposphere. This study presents a comprehensive theoretical investigation of the HOCH2CO + O2 and HOCHCHO + O2 reactions using high-level quantum chemical calculations and energy-grained master equation simulations. The HOCH2CO + O2 reaction results in the formation of a HOCH2C(O)O2 radical, while the HOCHCHO + O2 reaction yields (HCO)2 + HO2. Density functional theory calculations have identified two open unimolecular pathways associated with the HOCH2C(O)O2 radical that yield HCOCOOH + OH or HCHO + CO2 + OH products; the former novel bimolecular product pathway has not been previously reported in the literature. Master equation simulations based on the potential energy surface calculated here for the HOCH2CO + O2 recombination reaction support experimental product yield data from the literature and indicate that, even at total pressures of 1 atm, the HOCH2CO + O2 reaction yields ∼11% OH at 298 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P A Lockhart
- Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, One South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, United States
| | - B Bodipati
- Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, One South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, United States
| | - S Rizvi
- Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, One South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, United States
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Tham YJ, Sarnela N, Iyer S, Li Q, Angot H, Quéléver LLJ, Beck I, Laurila T, Beck LJ, Boyer M, Carmona-García J, Borrego-Sánchez A, Roca-Sanjuán D, Peräkylä O, Thakur RC, He XC, Zha Q, Howard D, Blomquist B, Archer SD, Bariteau L, Posman K, Hueber J, Helmig D, Jacobi HW, Junninen H, Kulmala M, Mahajan AS, Massling A, Skov H, Sipilä M, Francisco JS, Schmale J, Jokinen T, Saiz-Lopez A. Widespread detection of chlorine oxyacids in the Arctic atmosphere. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1769. [PMID: 36997509 PMCID: PMC10063661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorine radicals are strong atmospheric oxidants known to play an important role in the depletion of surface ozone and the degradation of methane in the Arctic troposphere. Initial oxidation processes of chlorine produce chlorine oxides, and it has been speculated that the final oxidation steps lead to the formation of chloric (HClO3) and perchloric (HClO4) acids, although these two species have not been detected in the atmosphere. Here, we present atmospheric observations of gas-phase HClO3 and HClO4. Significant levels of HClO3 were observed during springtime at Greenland (Villum Research Station), Ny-Ålesund research station and over the central Arctic Ocean, on-board research vessel Polarstern during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) campaign, with estimated concentrations up to 7 × 106 molecule cm-3. The increase in HClO3, concomitantly with that in HClO4, was linked to the increase in bromine levels. These observations indicated that bromine chemistry enhances the formation of OClO, which is subsequently oxidized into HClO3 and HClO4 by hydroxyl radicals. HClO3 and HClO4 are not photoactive and therefore their loss through heterogeneous uptake on aerosol and snow surfaces can function as a previously missing atmospheric sink for reactive chlorine, thereby reducing the chlorine-driven oxidation capacity in the Arctic boundary layer. Our study reveals additional chlorine species in the atmosphere, providing further insights into atmospheric chlorine cycling in the polar environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Jun Tham
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Nina Sarnela
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Siddharth Iyer
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-3720, Finland
| | - Qinyi Li
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, 28006, Spain
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hélène Angot
- Extreme Environments Research Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, (EPFL) Valais Wallis, Sion, Switzerland
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Lauriane L J Quéléver
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ivo Beck
- Extreme Environments Research Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, (EPFL) Valais Wallis, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Tiia Laurila
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lisa J Beck
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthew Boyer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Javier Carmona-García
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, P.O. Box 22085, València, 46071, Spain
| | - Ana Borrego-Sánchez
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-University of Granada, Av. de las Palmeras 4, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, P.O. Box 22085, València, 46071, Spain
| | - Otso Peräkylä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roseline C Thakur
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qiaozhi Zha
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dean Howard
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Physical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Byron Blomquist
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Physical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Stephen D Archer
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine, USA
| | - Ludovic Bariteau
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Physical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Kevin Posman
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine, USA
| | - Jacques Hueber
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- JH Atmospheric Instrumentation Design, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Detlev Helmig
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Boulder Atmosphere Innovation Research LLC, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Hans-Werner Jacobi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Heikki Junninen
- Laboratory of Environmental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anoop S Mahajan
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Andreas Massling
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Henrik Skov
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Julia Schmale
- Extreme Environments Research Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, (EPFL) Valais Wallis, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Tuija Jokinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre (CARE-C), the Cyprus Institute, P.O. Box 27456, Nicosia, CY-1645, Cyprus.
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, 28006, Spain.
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Reactions with criegee intermediates are the dominant gas-phase sink for formyl fluoride in the atmosphere. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
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Theoretical Study on the Gas Phase and Gas-Liquid Interface Reaction Mechanism of Criegee Intermediates with Glycolic Acid Sulfate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043355. [PMID: 36834768 PMCID: PMC9965808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Criegee intermediates (CIs) are important zwitterionic oxidants in the atmosphere, which affect the budget of OH radicals, amines, alcohols, organic/inorganic acids, etc. In this study, quantum chemical calculation and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamic (BOMD) simulation were performed to show the reaction mechanisms of C2 CIs with glycolic acid sulfate (GAS) at the gas-phase and gas-liquid interface, respectively. The results indicate that CIs can react with COOH and OSO3H groups of GAS and generate hydroperoxide products. Intramolecular proton transfer reactions occurred in the simulations. Moreover, GAS acts as a proton donor and participates in the hydration of CIs, during which the intramolecular proton transfer also occurs. As GAS widely exists in atmospheric particulate matter, the reaction with GAS is one of the sink pathways of CIs in areas polluted by particulate matter.
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Rajapakse MY, Pistochini TE, Borras E, McCartney MM, Davis CE. Controlled air exchange rate method to evaluate reduction of volatile organic compounds by indoor air cleaners. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137528. [PMID: 36528164 PMCID: PMC10108428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Air cleaning technologies are needed to reduce indoor concentrations and exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Currently, air cleaning technologies lack an accepted test standard to evaluate their VOC removal performance. A protocol to evaluate the VOC removal performance of air cleaning devices was developed and piloted with two devices. This method injects a VOC mixture and carbon dioxide into a test chamber, supplies outdoor air at a standard building ventilation rate, periodically measures the VOC concentrations in the chamber using solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry over a 3-h decay period, and compares the decay rate of VOCs to carbon dioxide to measure the VOC removal air cleaning performance. The method was demonstrated with both a hydroxyl radical generator and an activated carbon air cleaner. It was shown that the activated carbon air cleaner device tested had a clean air delivery rate an order of magnitude greater than the hydroxyl radical generator device (72.10 vs 6.32 m3/h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneeshin Y Rajapakse
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; UC Davis Lung Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Theresa E Pistochini
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Western Cooling Efficiency Center, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Eva Borras
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; UC Davis Lung Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell M McCartney
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; UC Davis Lung Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Cristina E Davis
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; UC Davis Lung Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA.
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Zhen Z, Yin Y, Zhang H, Li J, Hu J, Li L, Kuang X, Chen K, Wang H, Yu Q, Zhang X. Assessment of factors affecting the diurnal variations of atmospheric PAHs based on a numerical simulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158975. [PMID: 36152850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a type of organic pollutants that seriously endanger human health. Obtaining the diurnal variations of PAHs and clarifying their impact mechanisms are significant for the government to formulate targeted prevention and control measures. However, the influencing factors that dominate the diurnal variations of common PAHs are currently unclear. In order to solve this problem, 16 PAHs selected by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as priority-controlled pollutants were simulated with high resolution. The simulation results were validated based on diurnal observations in the vertical direction. Although the model underestimated the particle-phase concentrations of most components, it captured their diurnal variations fairly well. In addition, we assessed the factors affecting the diurnal variations of PAHs with sensitivity tests, including chemical reactions and atmospheric diffusion. The results showed that the transforming ratios of PAHs by oxidants were higher during the day than that at night due to the dominant reactions with OH radical. Atmospheric dispersion affected the vertical distribution of PAHs, which resulted in higher day/night ratios at high altitudes than near the ground. We also compared the strength of atmospheric diffusion and chemical reaction on the diurnal trends of PAHs. Near the ground, atmospheric diffusion was the most dominant factor in determining their diurnal trends. At high altitudes, their diurnal trends were determined by a combination of atmospheric diffusion and chemical reactions. These findings can provide a comprehensive understanding of the diurnal variations of common PAHs, which are informative for the prevention and control of PAHs pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiu Zhen
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Department of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Department of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Haowen Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiang Kuang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Department of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Kui Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Department of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Department of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Qingyuan Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Department of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Department of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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38
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Boecker D, Zhang Z, Breves R, Herth F, Kramer A, Bulitta C. Antimicrobial efficacy, mode of action and in vivo use of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) for prevention or therapeutic support of infections. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2023; 18:Doc07. [PMID: 37034111 PMCID: PMC10073986 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the rapidly developing field of the current state of research on in vivo use of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to aid infection prevention and control, including naso-pharyngeal, alveolar, topical, and systemic HOCl applications. Also, examples are provided of dedicated applications in COVID-19. A brief background of HOCl's biological and chemical specifics and its physiological role in the innate immune system is provided to understand the effect of in vivo applications in the context of the body's own physiological defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Boecker
- TOTO Consulting LLC, San Jose CA, USA
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dirk Boecker, TOTO Consulting LLC, San Jose CA, USA, E-mail:
| | - Zhentian Zhang
- Institute for Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Felix Herth
- Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Kramer
- Institut of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Clemens Bulitta
- Institut für Medizintechnik, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule (OTH) Amberg-Weiden, Amberg-Weiden, Germany
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39
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Liu Y, Li J, Ma Y, Zhou M, Tan Z, Zeng L, Lu K, Zhang Y. A review of gas-phase chemical mechanisms commonly used in atmospheric chemistry modelling. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:522-534. [PMID: 36522011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric chemical mechanism is an essential component of airshed models used for investigating the chemical behaviors and impacts of species. Since the first tropospheric chemical mechanism was proposed in the 1960s, various mechanisms including Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM), Carbon Bond Mechanism (CBM), Statewide Air Pollution Research Center (SAPRC) and Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (RACM) have been developed for different research purposes. This work summarizes the development and applications of these mechanisms, introduces their compositions and lumping methods, and compares the ways the mechanisms treat radicals with box model simulations. CBM can reproduce urban pollution events with relatively low cost compared to SAPRC and RACM, whereas the chemical behaviors of radicals and the photochemical production of ozone are described in detail in RACM. The photolysis rates of some oxygenated compounds are low in SAPRC07, which may result in underestimation of radical levels. As an explicit chemical mechanism, MCM describes the chemical processes of primary pollutants and their oxidation products in detail. MCM can be used to investigate certain chemical processes; however, due to its large size, it is rarely used in regional model simulations. A box model case study showed that the chemical behavior of OH and HO2 radicals and the production of ozone were well described by all mechanisms. CBM and SAPRC underestimated the radical levels for different chemical treatments, leading to low ozone production values in both cases. MCM and RACM are widely used in box model studies, while CBM and SAPRC are often selected in regional simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiayin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yufang Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaofeng Tan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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40
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Onel L, Brennan A, Østerstro M FF, Cooke E, Whalley L, Seakins PW, Heard DE. Kinetics and Product Branching Ratio Study of the CH 3O 2 Self-Reaction in the Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7639-7649. [PMID: 36227778 PMCID: PMC9620170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The fluorescence assay by gas expansion (FAGE) method
for the measurement
of the methyl peroxy radical (CH3O2) using the
conversion of CH3O2 into methoxy radicals (CH3O) by excess NO, followed by the detection of CH3O, has been used to study the kinetics of the self-reaction of CH3O2. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
has been employed to determine the products methanol and formaldehyde
of the self-reaction. The kinetics and product studies were performed
in the Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry (HIRAC)
in the temperature range 268–344 K at 1000 mbar of air. The
product measurements were used to determine the branching ratio of
the reaction channel forming methoxy radicals, rCH3O. A value of 0.34 ± 0.05 (errors at 2σ level)
was determined for rCH3O at 295 K. The
temperature dependence of rCH3O can be
parametrized as rCH3O = 1/{1 + [exp(600
± 85)/T]/(3.9 ± 1.1)}. An overall rate
coefficient of the self-reaction of (2.0 ± 0.9) × 10–13 cm3 molecule–1 s–1 at 295 K was obtained by the kinetic analysis of
the observed second-order decays of CH3O2. The
temperature dependence of the overall rate coefficient can be characterized
by koverall = (9.1 ± 5.3) ×
10–14 × exp((252 ± 174)/T) cm3 molecule–1 s–1. The found values of koverall in the
range 268–344 K are ∼40% lower than the values calculated
using the recommendations of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and IUPAC,
which are based on the previous studies, all of them utilizing time-resolved
UV–absorption spectroscopy to monitor CH3O2. A modeling study using a complex chemical mechanism to describe
the reaction system showed that unaccounted secondary chemistry involving
Cl species increased the values of koverall in the previous studies using flash photolysis to initiate the chemistry.
The overestimation of the koverall values
by the kinetic studies using molecular modulation to generate CH3O2 can be rationalized by a combination of underestimated
optical absorbance of CH3O2 and unaccounted
CH3O2 losses to the walls of the reaction cells
employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Onel
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Brennan
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ellie Cooke
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Whalley
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W Seakins
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Dwayne E Heard
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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41
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Zhao YC, Long B, Francisco JS. Quantitative Kinetics of the Reaction between CH 2OO and H 2O 2 in the Atmosphere. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6742-6750. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chao Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bo Long
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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42
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Zhang G, Hu R, Xie P, Lu K, Lou S, Liu X, Li X, Wang F, Wang Y, Yang X, Cai H, Wang Y, Liu W. Intercomparison of OH radical measurement in a complex atmosphere in Chengdu, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155924. [PMID: 35577098 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric oxidation is a driving force of complex air pollution, and accurate hydroxyl radical (OH) measurement is helpful in investigating the radical-cored photooxidation mechanism in the troposphere. A self-developed laser-induced fluorescence instrument by the Anhui Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (AIOFM-LIF), was able to measure OH concentration with high sensitivity and good time resolution, and a detection limit of 1.7 × 105 cm-3 (1σ, 30 s). A long-period, multi-level intercomparison of hydroxyl radical (OH) measurements between AIOFM-LIF and PKU-LIF (the Peking University laser-induced fluorescence system) was conducted in Chengdu, China. The measurement between two instruments was in excellent agreement in the 5-min time resolution. Linear regression analysis reported a linear slope of 0.96 with a 0.68 × 106 cm-3 offset, and the correlation coefficient R2 was 0.85. The overall linearity with only a slight offset indicated a negligible influence on OH measurement. No noticeable artifacts from ozonolysis were observed under the condition of high ozone and ozonolysis-related compound concentrations. In addition to the subtraction of background signal through wavelength modulation, the dynamic correction on ozone photolysis interference ensured high intercomparison quality in both relatively constant and rapidly varying periods. Based on the reliability of OHAIOFM and OHPKU, comparisons under different oxidation-related species (NOx, VOCs, O3, PM2.5) levels and typical scenarios (rich-BVOC and high-reactivity) were carried out to evaluate the performance under complex atmospheres. A slightly higher drift was observed in a certain scenario, but the general data variability due to environmental changes did not affect the measurement accuracy. The intercomparison demonstrated that both systems are able to achieve reliable OH data under typical conditions of complex atmospheric pollution in China. Additional improvements are necessary for future intercomparisons in order to enhance the confidence in OH detection accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Renzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.
| | - Pinhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xinping Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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43
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Li B, Kumar M, Zhou C, Li L, Francisco JS. Mechanistic Insights into Criegee Intermediate-Hydroperoxyl Radical Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14740-14747. [PMID: 35921588 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between a Criegee intermediate and the hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is believed to play a role in the formation of new particles in the troposphere. Although the reaction has been previously studied in the gas phase, there are several knowledge gaps that still need to be filled. We simulated the reaction of anti-CH3CHOO with HO2 and HO2-H2O radical complexes in the gas phase at 0 K, which exhibited a low-barrier profile for water-containing systems and a barrierless profile for water-free systems. Moreover, the reaction was found to follow a proton-transfer mechanism, which challenges previous assumptions that the gas-phase reaction involves a hydrogen atom transfer. The HO2 radical was found to mediate the Criegee hydration reaction in the gas phase. Metadynamics simulations further confirmed that the expected radical adduct formation between anti-CH3CHOO and the HO2 radical, as well as the HO2- and H2O-mediated reactions in the gas phase, followed a concerted mechanism. By combining constrained ab initio molecular dynamics simulations with thermodynamic integration, we quantitively evaluated the free-energy barriers at high temperatures. The barriers obtained for all three Criegee-HO2 reaction systems were found to be temperature-dependent. We also compared the free-energy barriers of water-free and water-containing systems; the results revealed that water could hinder the reaction between the Criegee and HO2 radical. These results suggest that HO2 radicals may be involved in the formation of tropospheric radical adducts, and water molecules may also play important roles in the reactions of Criegee intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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44
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Aircraft Emissions, Their Plume-Scale Effects, and the Spatio-Temporal Sensitivity of the Atmospheric Response: A Review. AEROSPACE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/aerospace9070355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-CO2 aircraft emissions are responsible for the majority of aviation’s climate impact, however their precise effect is largely dependent on the environmental conditions of the ambient air in which they are released. Investigating the principal causes of this spatio-temporal sensitivity can bolster understanding of aviation-induced climate change, as well as offer potential mitigation solutions that can be implemented in the interim to low carbon flight regimes. This review paper covers the generation of emissions and their characteristic dispersion, air traffic distribution, local and global climate impact, and operational mitigation solutions, all aimed at improving scientific awareness of aviation’s non-CO2 climate impact.
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45
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Ma X, Tan Z, Lu K, Zhang Y. 复合污染大气环境中OH自由基测量干扰的定量研究. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Zhu Q, Laughner JL, Cohen RC. Combining Machine Learning and Satellite Observations to Predict Spatial and Temporal Variation of near Surface OH in North American Cities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7362-7371. [PMID: 35302754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the primary cleansing agent in the atmosphere. The abundance of OH in cities initiates the removal of local pollutants; therefore, it serves as the key species describing the urban chemical environment. We propose a machine learning (ML) approach as an efficient alternative to OH simulation using a computationally expensive chemical transport model. The ML model is trained on the parameters simulated from the WRF-Chem model, and it suggests that six predictive parameters are capable of explaining 76% of the OH variability. The parameters are the tropospheric NO2 column, the tropospheric HCHO column, J(O1D), H2O, temperature, and pressure. We then use observations of the tropospheric NO2 column and HCHO column from OMI as input to the ML model to enable measurement-based prediction of daily near surface OH at 1:30 pm local time across 49 North American cities over the course of 10 years between 2005 and 2014. The result is validated by comparing the OH predictions to measurements of isoprene, which has a source that is uncorrelated with OH and is removed rapidly and almost exclusively by OH in the daytime. We demonstrate that the predicted OH is, as expected, anticorrelated with isoprene. We also show that this ML model is consistent with our understanding of OH chemistry given the solely data-driven nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qindan Zhu
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joshua L Laughner
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ronald C Cohen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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47
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Chen L, Huang Y, Xue Y, Jia Z, Wang W. Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigations of OH-Initiated Atmospheric Degradation of Methyl Butyl Ketone. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2976-2988. [PMID: 35536543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methyl butyl ketone (MBK, 2-hexanone) is a common atmospheric oxygenated volatile organic compound (OVOC) owing to broad industrial applications, but its atmospheric oxidation mechanism remains poorly understood. Herein, the detailed mechanisms and kinetic properties of MBK oxidation initiated by OH radicals and subsequent transformation of the resulting intermediates are performed by employing quantum chemical and kinetic modeling methods. The calculations show that H-abstraction at the C4 position of MBK is more favorable than those at the other positions, with the total rate coefficient of k(T) = 4.13 × 10-14 exp(1576/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 273-400 K. The dominant pathway of unimolecular degradation of the C-centered alkyl radical is 1,2-acyl group migration. For the isomerization of the peroxy radical RO2, 1,5- and 1,6-H shifts are more favorable than 1,3- and 1,4-H shifts. The multiconformer rate coefficient kMC-TST of the first H-shift of the RO2 radical is estimated to be 1.40 × 10-3 s-1 at room temperature. Compared to the H-shifts of analogous aliphatic RO2 radicals, it can be concluded that the carbonyl group enhances the H-shift rates by as much as 2-4 orders of magnitude. The rate coefficients of the RO2 radical reaction with the HO2 radical exhibit a weakly negative temperature dependence, and the pseudo-first-order rate constant k'HO2 = kHO2[HO2] is calculated to be 3.32-22.10 × 10-3 s-1 at ambient temperature. The bimolecular reaction of the RO2 radical with NO leads to the formation of 3-oxo-butanal as the main product with the formation concentration of 2.2-7.4 μg/m3 in urban areas. The predicted pseudo-first-order rate constant k'NO = kNO[NO] is 2.20-9.98 s-1 at room temperature. By comparing the kMC-TST, k'HO2, and k'NO, it can be concluded that reaction with NO is the dominant removal pathway for the RO2 radical formed from the OH-initiated oxidation of MBK. These findings are expected to deepen our understanding of the photochemical oxidation of ketones under realistic atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710061, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710061, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yonggang Xue
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710061, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhihui Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
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48
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Li Q, Fernandez RP, Hossaini R, Iglesias-Suarez F, Cuevas CA, Apel EC, Kinnison DE, Lamarque JF, Saiz-Lopez A. Reactive halogens increase the global methane lifetime and radiative forcing in the 21st century. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2768. [PMID: 35589794 PMCID: PMC9120080 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
CH4 is the most abundant reactive greenhouse gas and a complete understanding of its atmospheric fate is needed to formulate mitigation policies. Current chemistry-climate models tend to underestimate the lifetime of CH4, suggesting uncertainties in its sources and sinks. Reactive halogens substantially perturb the budget of tropospheric OH, the main CH4 loss. However, such an effect of atmospheric halogens is not considered in existing climate projections of CH4 burden and radiative forcing. Here, we demonstrate that reactive halogen chemistry increases the global CH4 lifetime by 6-9% during the 21st century. This effect arises from significant halogen-mediated decrease, mainly by iodine and bromine, in OH-driven CH4 loss that surpasses the direct Cl-induced CH4 sink. This increase in CH4 lifetime helps to reduce the gap between models and observations and results in a greater burden and radiative forcing during this century. The increase in CH4 burden due to halogens (up to 700 Tg or 8% by 2100) is equivalent to the observed atmospheric CH4 growth during the last three to four decades. Notably, the halogen-driven enhancement in CH4 radiative forcing is 0.05 W/m2 at present and is projected to increase in the future (0.06 W/m2 by 2100); such enhancement equals ~10% of present-day CH4 radiative forcing and one-third of N2O radiative forcing, the third-largest well-mixed greenhouse gas. Both direct (Cl-driven) and indirect (via OH) impacts of halogens should be included in future CH4 projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Li
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, 28006, Spain.
| | - Rafael P Fernandez
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (ICB), National Research Council (CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ryan Hossaini
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Fernando Iglesias-Suarez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - Carlos A Cuevas
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Eric C Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Douglas E Kinnison
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jean-François Lamarque
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, 28006, Spain.
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Endo Y, Sakamoto Y, Kajii Y, Enami S. Decomposition of multifunctionalized α-alkoxyalkyl-hydroperoxides derived from the reactions of Criegee intermediates with diols in liquid phases. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11562-11572. [PMID: 35506905 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00915c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere produces organic hydroperoxides (ROOHs) that typically possess not only -OOH but also other functionalities such as -OH and -C(O). Because of their high hydrophilicity and low volatility, such multifunctionalized ROOHs are expected to be taken up in atmospheric condensed phases such as aerosols and fog/cloud droplets. However, the characteristics of ROOHs that control their fates and lifetimes in liquid phases are poorly understood. Here, we report a study of the liquid-phase decomposition kinetics of multifunctionalized α-alkoxyalkyl-hydroperoxides (α-AHs) that possessed an ether, a carbonyl, a hydroperoxide, and two hydroxy groups. These ROOHs were synthesized by ozonolysis of α-terpineol in water in the presence of 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, or 1,5-pentanediol. Their decomposition products were detected as chloride anion adducts by electrospray mass spectrometry as a function of reaction time. Experiments using H218O and D2O revealed that hemiacetal species were α-AH decomposition products that further transformed into other products. The result that the rate coefficients (k) of the decomposition of C15 α-AHs increased exponentially from pH 5.0 to 3.9 was consistent with an H+-catalyzed decomposition mechanism. The temperature dependence of k and an Arrhenius plot yielded activation energies (Ea) of 15.7 ± 0.8, 15.0 ± 2.4, and 15.9 ± 0.3 kcal mol-1 for the decomposition of α-AHs derived from the reaction of α-terpineol CIs with 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,5-pentanediol, respectively. The determined Ea values were compared with those of related ROOHs. We found that alkyl chain length is not a critical factor for the decomposition mechanism, whereas the presence of additional -OH groups would modulate the reaction barriers to decomposition via the formation of hydrogen-bonding with surrounding water molecules. The derived Ea values for the decomposition of the multifunctionalized, terpenoid-derived α-AHs will facilitate atmospheric modeling by serving as representative values for ROOHs in atmospheric condensed phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Endo
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8316, Japan.,National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Yoshizumi Kajii
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8316, Japan.,National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan.
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Long B, Xia Y, Bao JL, Carmona-García J, Gómez Martín JC, Plane JMC, Saiz-Lopez A, Roca-Sanjuán D, Francisco JS. Reaction of SO 3 with HONO 2 and Implications for Sulfur Partitioning in the Atmosphere. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9172-9177. [PMID: 35576167 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur trioxide is a critical intermediate for the sulfur cycle and the formation of sulfuric acid in the atmosphere. The traditional view is that sulfur trioxide is removed by water vapor in the troposphere. However, the concentration of water vapor decreases significantly with increasing altitude, leading to longer atmospheric lifetimes of sulfur trioxide. Here, we utilize a dual-level strategy that combines transition state theory calculated at the W2X//DF-CCSD(T)-F12b/jun'-cc-pVDZ level, with variational transition state theory with small-curvature tunneling from direct dynamics calculations at the M08-HX/MG3S level. We also report the pressure-dependent rate constants calculated using the system-specific quantum Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel (SS-QRRK) theory. The present findings show that falloff effects in the SO3 + HONO2 reaction are pronounced below 1 bar. The SO3 + HONO2 reaction can be a potential removal reaction for SO3 in the stratosphere and for HONO2 in the troposphere, because the reaction can potentially compete well with the SO3 + 2H2O reaction between 25 and 35 km, as well as the OH + HONO2 reaction. The present findings also suggest an unexpected new product from the SO3 + HONO2 reaction, which, although very short-lived, would have broad implications for understanding the partitioning of sulfur in the stratosphere and the potential for the SO3 reaction with organic acids to generate organosulfates without the need for heterogeneous chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Long
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Junwei Lucas Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Javier Carmona-García
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, València 46071, Spain.,Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | | | - John M C Plane
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, València 46071, Spain
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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