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Thangavel SK, Mohamed Kasim MS, Rengan R. Promoting the Anticancer Activity with Multidentate Furan-2-Carboxamide Functionalized Aroyl Thiourea Chelation in Binuclear Half-Sandwich Ruthenium(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7520-7539. [PMID: 38590210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
A new set of binuclear arene ruthenium complexes [Ru2(p-cymene)2(k4-N2OS)(L1-L3)Cl2] (Ru2L1-Ru2L3) encompassing furan-2-carboxamide-based aroylthiourea derivatives (H2L1-H2L3) was synthesized and characterized by various spectral and analytical techniques. Single-crystal XRD analysis unveils the N^O and N^S mixed monobasic bidentate coordination of the ligands constructing N, S, Cl/N, O, and Cl legged piano stool octahedral geometry. DFT analysis demonstrates the predilection for the formation of stable arene ruthenium complexes. In vitro antiproliferative activity of the complexes was examined against human cervical (HeLa), breast (MCF-7), and lung (A549) cancerous and noncancerous monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells. All the complexes are more efficacious against HeLa and MCF-7 cells with low inhibitory doses (3.86-11.02 μM). Specifically, Ru2L3 incorporating p-cymene and -OCH3 fragments exhibits high lipophilicity, significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells, and lower toxicity on noncancerous cells. Staining analysis indicates the apoptosis-associated cell morphological changes expressively in MCF-7 cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) analyses reveal that Ru2L3 can raise ROS levels, reduce MMP, and trigger mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated apoptosis. The catalytic oxidation of glutathione (GSH) to its disulfide form (GSSG) by the complexes may simultaneously increase the ROS levels, alluding to their observed cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction. Flow cytometry determined the quantitative classification of late apoptosis and S-phase arrest in MCF-7 and HeLa cells. Western blotting analysis confirmed that the complexes promote apoptosis by upregulating Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 and downregulating BCL-2. Molecular docking studies unfolded the strong binding affinities of the complexes with VEGFR2, an angiogenic signaling receptor, and BCL2, Cyclin D1, and HER2 proteins typically overexpressed on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathiya Kamatchi Thangavel
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | | | - Ramesh Rengan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
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2
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Bauer N, Yuan Z, Yang X, Wang B. Plight of CORMs: The unreliability of four commercially available CO-releasing molecules, CORM-2, CORM-3, CORM-A1, and CORM-401, in studying CO biology. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 214:115642. [PMID: 37321416 PMCID: PMC10529722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecule with demonstrated pharmacological effects. In studying CO biology, three delivery forms have been used: CO gas, CO in solution, and CO donors of various types. Among the CO donors, four carbonyl complexes with either a transition metal ion or borane (BH3) (termed CO-releasing molecules or CORMs) have played the most prominent roles appearing in over 650 publications. These are CORM-2, CORM-3, CORM-A1, and CORM-401. Intriguingly, there have been unique biology findings that were only observed with these CORMs, but not CO gas; yet these properties were often attributed to CO, raising puzzling questions as to why CO source would make such a fundamental difference in terms of CO biology. Recent years have seen a large number of reports of chemical reactivity (e.g., catalase-like activity, reaction with thiol, and reduction of NAD(P)+) and demonstrated CO-independent biological activity for these four CORMs. Further, CORM-A1 releases CO in an idiosyncratic fashion; CO release from CORM-401 is strongly influenced or even dependent on reaction with an oxidant and/or a nucleophile; CORM-2 mostly releases CO2, not CO, after a water-gas shift reaction except in the presence of a strong nucleophile; and CORM-3 does not release CO except in the presence of a strong nucleophile. All these beg the question as to what constitutes an appropriate CO donor for studying CO biology. This review critically summarizes literature findings related to these aspects, with the aim of helping result interpretation when using these CORMs and development of essential criteria for an appropriate donor for studying CO biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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3
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Bridgewater HE, Bolitho EM, Romero-Canelón I, Sadler PJ, Coverdale JPC. Targeting cancer lactate metabolism with synergistic combinations of synthetic catalysts and monocarboxylate transporter inhibitors. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:345-353. [PMID: 36884092 PMCID: PMC10036267 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-01994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic anticancer catalysts offer potential for low-dose therapy and the targeting of biochemical pathways in novel ways. Chiral organo-osmium complexes, for example, can catalyse the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of pyruvate, a key substrate for energy generation, in cells. However, small-molecule synthetic catalysts are readily poisoned and there is a need to optimise their activity before this occurs, or to avoid this occurring. We show that the activity of the synthetic organometallic redox catalyst [Os(p-cymene)(TsDPEN)] (1), which can reduce pyruvate to un-natural D-lactate in MCF7 breast cancer cells using formate as a hydride source, is significantly increased in combination with the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor AZD3965. AZD3965, a drug currently in clinical trials, also significantly lowers the intracellular level of glutathione and increases mitochondrial metabolism. These synergistic mechanisms of reductive stress induced by 1, blockade of lactate efflux, and oxidative stress induced by AZD3965 provide a strategy for low-dose combination therapy with novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Bridgewater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Centre of Exercise, Sport and Life Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Bolitho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Isolda Romero-Canelón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - James P C Coverdale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Swaminathan S, Haribabu J, Balakrishnan N, Vasanthakumar P, Karvembu R. Piano stool Ru(II)-arene complexes having three monodentate legs: A comprehensive review on their development as anticancer therapeutics over the past decade. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kar B, Shanavas S, Nagendra AH, Das U, Roy N, Pete S, Sharma S A, De S, Kumar S K A, Vardhan S, Sahoo SK, Panda D, Shenoy S, Bose B, Paira P. Iridium(III)-Cp*-(imidazo[4,5- f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenol analogues as hypoxia active, GSH-resistant cancer cytoselective and mitochondria-targeting cancer stem cell therapeutic agents. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5494-5514. [PMID: 35293923 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00168c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we have introduced a series of iridium(III)-Cp*-(imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenol complexes via a convenient synthetic methodology, which act as hypoxia active and glutathione-resistant anticancer metallotherapeutics. The [IrIII(Cp*)(L5)(Cl)](PF6) (IrL5) complex exhibited the best cytoselectivity, GSH resistance and hypoxia effectivity in HeLa and Caco-2 cells among the synthesized complexes. IrL5 also exhibited highly cytotoxic effects on the HCT-116 CSC cell line. This complex was localized in the mitochondria and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction was observed via MMP alteration and ROS generation on colorectal cancer stem cells. Cell cycle analysis also established the potential of this complex in mediating G2/M phase cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Kar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Shanooja Shanavas
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Apoorva H Nagendra
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Utpal Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Nilmadhab Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Sudhindra Pete
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Ajay Sharma S
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Sourav De
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar S K
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Seshu Vardhan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Ichchanath, Surat, Gujrat-395007, India.
| | - Suban K Sahoo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Ichchanath, Surat, Gujrat-395007, India.
| | - Debashis Panda
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, An Institution of National Importance, Jais, Amethi-229304, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sudheer Shenoy
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
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Harringer S, Wernitznig D, Gajic N, Diridl A, Wenisch D, Hejl M, Jakupec MA, Theiner S, Koellensperger G, Kandioller W, Keppler BK. Introducing N-, P-, and S-donor leaving groups: an investigation of the chemical and biological properties of ruthenium, rhodium and iridium thiopyridone piano stool complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:15693-15711. [PMID: 33135027 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03165h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 15 piano-stool complexes featuring either a RuII, RhIII or IrIII metal center, a bidentate thiopyridone ligand, and different leaving groups was synthesized. The leaving groups were selected in order to cover a broad range of different donor atoms. Thus, 1-methylimidazole served as a N-donor, 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (pta) as a P-donor, and thiourea as a S-donor. Additionally, three complexes featuring different halido leaving groups (Cl, Br, I) were added. Leaving group alterations were carried out with respect to a possible influence on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, as well as the cytotoxicity of the respective compounds. The complexes were characterized via NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (where possible), mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Cytotoxicity was assessed in 2D cultures of human cancer cell lines by microculture and clonogenic assays as well as in multicellular tumor spheroids. Furthermore, cellular accumulation studies, flow-cytometric apoptosis and ROS assays, DNA plasmid assays, and laser ablation ICP-MS studies for analyzing the distribution in sections of multicellular tumor spheroids were conducted. This work demonstrates the importance of investigating each piano-stool complexes' properties, as the most promising candidates showed advantages over each other in certain tests/assays. Thus, it was not possible to single out one lead compound, but rather a group of complexes with enhanced cytotoxicity and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Harringer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Debora Wernitznig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Natalie Gajic
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andreas Diridl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Dominik Wenisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michaela Hejl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael A Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria. and Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Theiner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria. and Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria. and Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Swaminathan S, Haribabu J, Kalagatur NK, Nikhil M, Balakrishnan N, Bhuvanesh NSP, Kadirvelu K, Kolandaivel P, Karvembu R. Tunable Anticancer Activity of Furoylthiourea-Based Ru II -Arene Complexes and Their Mechanism of Action. Chemistry 2021; 27:7418-7433. [PMID: 33404126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen new RuII -arene (p-cymene/benzene) complexes (C1-C14) have been synthesized by varying the N-terminal substituent in the furoylthiourea ligand and satisfactorily characterized by using analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Electrostatic potential maps predicted that the electronic effect of the substituents was mostly localized, with some influence seen on the labile chloride ligands. The structure-activity relationships of the Ru-p-cymene and Ru-benzene complexes showed opposite trends. All the complexes were found to be highly toxic towards IMR-32 cancer cells, with C5 (Ru-p-cymene complex containing C6 H2 (CH3 )3 as N-terminal substituent) and C13 (Ru-benzene complex containing C6 H4 (CF3 ) as N-terminal substituent) showing the highest activity among each set of complexes, and hence they were chosen for further study. These complexes showed different behavior in aqueous solutions, and were also found to catalytically oxidize glutathione. They also promoted cell death by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, the complexes showed good binding ability with the receptors Pim-1 kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, commonly overexpressed in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Swaminathan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jebiti Haribabu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Kalagatur
- DRDO-BU Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maroli Nikhil
- Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithya Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Krishna Kadirvelu
- DRDO-BU Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ramasamy Karvembu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wang Z, Fang L, Zhao J, Gou S. Insight into the antitumor actions of sterically hindered platinum(ii) complexes by a combination of STD NMR and LCMS techniques. Metallomics 2021; 12:427-434. [PMID: 32022072 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00258h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sterically hindered platinum(ii) complexes have shown great advantages in overcoming platinum drug resistance. In this study, the antitumor actions of sterically hindered platinum(ii) complex 1 (cis-dichloro[(1R,2R)-N1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N']platinum(ii), C13H19FPtCl2) were investigated by using saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance (STD NMR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) techniques. STD NMR was applied to study the HSA (human serum albumin) binding properties, while the interactions between guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP) and complex 1 were studied by LCMS. For HSA binding experiments, strong STD signals were observed for protons of sterically hindered parts of carrier ligands, indicating that the sterically hindered moieties of the carrier ligand could be situated inside the binding pocket of HSA. A 19F NMR experiment indicated that complex 1 could interact with HSA. Furthermore, the binding modes of complex 1 with guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP) were studied in the absence and presence of glutathione by LCMS. According to the HPLC profiles, a mono-functional binding mode was observed for complex 1 both in the presence and in the absence of glutathione, while a bi-adduct was observed for Pt(DACH)Cl2, which may be one of the reasons for their different biological activities. Hence, this study demonstrated that the NMR method combined with the LCMS technique could provide valuable information to understand the transport and the underlying anticancer mechanisms of the platinum(ii) complex at the molecular level. Moreover, the results reported here can help to reveal the binding mechanisms of the sterically hindered platinum(ii) compounds with biomolecules, which may shed light on the design of novel platinum(ii) anticancer agents with suitable sterically hindered groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Wang
- Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Lei Fang
- Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Jian Zhao
- Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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Antitumor Activity of Ruthenium(II) Terpyridine Complexes towards Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204699. [PMID: 33066568 PMCID: PMC7587369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes have attracted considerable interest as potential antitumor agents. Therefore, antitumor activity and systemic toxicity of ruthenium(II) terpyridine complexes were evaluated in heterotopic mouse colon carcinoma. In the present study, cytotoxic effects of recently synthesized ruthenium(II) terpyridine complexes [Ru(Cl-tpy)(en)Cl][Cl] (en = ethylenediamine, tpy = terpyridine, Ru-1) and [Ru(Cl-tpy)(dach)Cl][Cl] (dach = 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, Ru-2) towards human and murine colon carcinoma cells were tested in vitro and in vivo and compared with oxaliplatin, the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agent against colorectal carcinoma. Ruthenium(II) complexes showed moderate cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging between 19.1 to 167.3 μM against two human, HCT116 and SW480, and one mouse colon carcinoma cell line, CT26. Both ruthenium(II) terpyridine complexes exerted a moderate apoptotic effect in colon carcinoma cells, but induced significant necrotic death. Additionally, both complexes induced cell cycle disturbances, but these effects were specific for the cell line. Further, Ru-1 significantly reduced the growth of primary heterotopic tumor in mice, similarly to oxaliplatin. Renal damage in Ru-1 treated mice was lower in comparison with oxaliplatin treated mice, as evaluated by serum levels of urea and creatinine and histological evaluation, but Ru-1 induced higher liver damage than oxaliplatin, evaluated by the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase. Additionally, the interaction of these ruthenium(II) terpyridine complexes with the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) was investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. All reactions led to the formation of monofunctional thiolate adducts [Ru(Cl-tpy)(en)GS-S] (3) and [Ru(Cl-tpy)(dach)GS-S] (4). Our data highlight the significant cytotoxic activity of [Ru(Cl-tpy)(en)Cl][Cl] against human and mouse colon carcinoma cells, as well as in vivo antitumor activity in CT26 tumor-bearing mice similar to standard chemotherapeutic oxaliplatin, accompanied with lower nephrotoxicity in comparison with oxaliplatin.
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Soldevila-Barreda JJ, Fawibe KB, Azmanova M, Rafols L, Pitto-Barry A, Eke UB, Barry NPE. Synthesis, Characterisation and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Catalytically Active Indole-Based Half-Sandwich Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:E4540. [PMID: 33022980 PMCID: PMC7583056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, characterisation and evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of four indole-based half-sandwich metal complexes towards two ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780 and A2780cisR) and one normal prostate cell line (PNT2) are presented herein. Although capable of inducing catalytic oxidation of NADH and able to reduce NAD+ with high turnover frequencies, in cells and in the presence of sodium formate, these complexes also strongly interact with biomolecules such as glutathione. This work highlights that efficient out-of-cells catalytic activity might lead to higher reactivity towards biomolecules, thus inhibiting the in-cells catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan J. Soldevila-Barreda
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD1 7DP, UK; (J.J.S.-B.); (M.A.); (L.R.); (A.P.-B.)
| | - Kehinde B. Fawibe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin P.M.B 1515, Nigeria; (K.B.F.); (U.B.E.)
| | - Maria Azmanova
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD1 7DP, UK; (J.J.S.-B.); (M.A.); (L.R.); (A.P.-B.)
| | - Laia Rafols
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD1 7DP, UK; (J.J.S.-B.); (M.A.); (L.R.); (A.P.-B.)
| | - Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD1 7DP, UK; (J.J.S.-B.); (M.A.); (L.R.); (A.P.-B.)
| | - Uche B. Eke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin P.M.B 1515, Nigeria; (K.B.F.); (U.B.E.)
| | - Nicolas P. E. Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD1 7DP, UK; (J.J.S.-B.); (M.A.); (L.R.); (A.P.-B.)
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Harringer S, Happl B, Ozenil M, Kast C, Hejl M, Wernitznig D, Legin AA, Schweikert A, Gajic N, Roller A, Koellensperger G, Jakupec MA, Kandioller W, Keppler BK. Synthesis, Modification, and Biological Evaluation of a Library of Novel Water-Soluble Thiopyridone-Based Organometallic Complexes and Their Unexpected (Biological) Behavior. Chemistry 2020; 26:5419-5433. [PMID: 31958176 PMCID: PMC7217150 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of 16 dinuclear thiopyridone-based organometallics with excellent water solubility, increased stability and remarkable cytotoxicity were synthesized and characterized. The complexes of this work formed dimeric species featuring a double positive charge in polar protic solvents, accounting for their outstanding solubility in aqueous solution. Most of them displayed higher antiproliferative activity than their parental thiomaltol complex, with unexpected cytotoxicity trends depending on the employed metal center, ligand modification, and cell line. Insights into their behavior in biological systems were gathered by means of amino-acid interaction studies, cytotoxicity tests in 3D spheroid models, laser ablation, cellular accumulation measurements, as well as cell cycle experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Harringer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Barbara Happl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied DiagnosticsGeneral Hospital of ViennaWaehringer Guertel 18–201090ViennaAustria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided TherapyDivision of Nuclear MedicineMedical University of ViennaSpitalgasse 231090ViennaAustria
| | - Marius Ozenil
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided TherapyDivision of Nuclear MedicineMedical University of ViennaSpitalgasse 231090ViennaAustria
| | - Caroline Kast
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Michaela Hejl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Debora Wernitznig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Anton A. Legin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Andreas Schweikert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Natalie Gajic
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Roller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Michael A. Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”Waehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”Waehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”Waehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
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12
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13
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Mondal A, Paira P. Hypoxia efficient and glutathione-resistant cytoselective ruthenium(ii)-p-cymene-arylimidazophenanthroline complexes: biomolecular interaction and live cell imaging. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12865-12878. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of ruthenium(ii)–arene-2-arylimidazophenanthroline based DNA targeting, cytoselective, hypoxia efficient and glutathione-resistant luminescent anticancer drugs have been developed which are also represented as HeLa cell imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashaparna Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- School of advanced sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore-632014
- India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry
- School of advanced sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore-632014
- India
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14
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Wei W, Wu Q, Zhang HQ, Jin TY, Chen HL. Crystal structure of (4,4′-(ethane-1,2-diylbis((nitrilo)(2-furylmethylylidene)))bis(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-olato-κ 4
N, N′, O, O′))-nickel(II)), C 32H 26N 6NiO 4. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2018-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C32H26N6NiO4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 22.270(4) Å, b = 16.814(2) Å, c = 8.1486(9) Å, β = 111.222(3)°, V = 2835.0(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0481, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1440, T = 295(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Architecture Engineering , Chengde Petroleum College , Chengde 067000 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Chemistry , Hebei Normal University for Nationalities , Chengde 067000 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Hebei Normal University for Nationalities , Chengde 067000 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong-Yin Jin
- Department of Chemistry , Hebei Normal University for Nationalities , Chengde 067000 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Li Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Hebei Normal University for Nationalities , Chengde 067000 , People’s Republic of China
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15
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Soldevila-Barreda JJ, Metzler-Nolte N. Intracellular Catalysis with Selected Metal Complexes and Metallic Nanoparticles: Advances toward the Development of Catalytic Metallodrugs. Chem Rev 2019; 119:829-869. [PMID: 30618246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-containing drugs (e.g., cisplatin) are among the most frequently used chemotherapeutic agents. Their tremendous success has spurred research and development of other metal-based drugs, with notable achievements. Generally, the vast majority of metal-based drug candidates in clinical and developmental stages are stoichiometric agents, i.e., each metal complex reacts only once with their biological target. Additionally, many of these metal complexes are involved in side reactions, which not only reduce the effective amount of the drug but may also cause toxicity. On a separate note, transition metal complexes and nanoparticles have a well-established history of being potent catalysts for selective molecular transformations, with examples such as the Mo- and Ru-based catalysts for metathesis reactions (Nobel Prize in 2005) or palladium catalysts for C-C bond forming reactions such as Heck, Negishi, or Suzuki reactions (Nobel Prize in 2010). Also, notably, no direct biological equivalent of these transformations exists in a biological environment such as bacteria or mammalian cells. It is, therefore, only logical that recent interest has focused on developing transition-metal based catalytic systems that are capable of performing transformations inside cells, with the aim of inducing medicinally relevant cellular changes. Because unlike in stoichiometric reactions, a catalytically active compound may turn over many substrate molecules, only very small amounts of such a catalytic metallodrug are required to achieve a desired pharmacologic effect, and therefore, toxicity and side reactions are reduced. Furthermore, performing catalytic reactions in biological systems also opens the door for new methodologies to study the behavior of biomolecules in their natural state, e.g., via in situ labeling or by increasing/depleting their concentration at will. There is, of course, an art to the choice of catalysts and reactions which have to be compatible with biological conditions, namely an aqueous, oxygen-containing environment. In this review, we aim to describe new developments that bring together the far-distant worlds of transition-metal based catalysis and metal-based drugs, in what is termed "catalytic metallodrugs". Here we will focus on transformations that have been performed on small biomolecules (such as shifting equilibria like in the NAD+/NADH or GSH/GSSG couples), on non-natural molecules such as dyes for imaging purposes, or on biomacromolecules such as proteins. Neither reactions involving release (e.g., CO) or transformation of small molecules (e.g., 1O2 production), degradation of biomolecules such as proteins, RNA or DNA nor light-induced medicinal chemistry (e.g., photodynamic therapy) are covered, even if metal complexes are centrally involved in those. In each section, we describe the (inorganic) chemistry involved, as well as selected examples of biological applications in the hope that this snapshot of a new but quickly developing field will indeed inspire novel research and unprecedented interactions across disciplinary boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Josep Soldevila-Barreda
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , 44780-D Bochum , Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , 44780-D Bochum , Germany
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16
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Namiecińska E, Sadowska B, Więckowska-Szakiel M, Dołęga A, Pasternak B, Grazul M, Budzisz E. Anticancer and antimicrobial properties of novel η6-p-cymene ruthenium(ii) complexes containing a N,S-type ligand, their structural and theoretical characterization. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38629-38645. [PMID: 35540189 PMCID: PMC9075995 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08736b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium(ii) complexes are lately of great scientific interest due to their chemotherapeutic potential as anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Here we present the synthesis of new pyrazole carbothioamide derivatives and their four arene–ruthenium complexes. The title compounds were characterized with the application of IR, NMR, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. Additionally, for new complexes DFT calculations were done. Their antimicrobial activity (MIC, MBC/MFC) was examined in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Candida albicans. Their cytotoxic effects, using the MTT assay, against three cancer cell lines: HL-60, NALM-6, WM-115 and normal human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF-1) were also investigated. The influence of the new arene–ruthenium(ii) complexes on the DNA structure was also tested. From our results, compound 2d showed higher cytotoxicity against melanoma cell line WM-115 than cisplatin. Strong biostatic and biocidal activity of the tested complexes against Gram-positive bacteria, including S. aureus, S. epidermidis and E. faecalis was demonstrated. The new arene–ruthenium(ii) compounds could not only inhibit proliferation of cancer cells, but also protect patients against malignant wound infections. New arene–ruthenium(ii) complexes with pyrazole derivatives as ligands were synthesized and characterized. This compounds exhibited good cytotoxic effects, and strong biostatic and biocidal activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Namiecińska
- Department of Cosmetic Raw Materials Chemistry
- Medical University of Lodz
- 90-151 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Beata Sadowska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology
- Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Lodz
- 90-237 Lodz
| | - Marzena Więckowska-Szakiel
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology
- Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Lodz
- 90-237 Lodz
| | - Anna Dołęga
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Gdansk University of Technology
- 80-233 Gdansk
- Poland
| | - Beata Pasternak
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Lodz
- 91-403 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Magdalena Grazul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Medical University of Lodz
- 90-235 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Elzbieta Budzisz
- Department of Cosmetic Raw Materials Chemistry
- Medical University of Lodz
- 90-151 Lodz
- Poland
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17
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Wu Q, Liu LY, Li S, Wang FX, Li J, Qian Y, Su Z, Mao ZW, Sadler PJ, Liu HK. Rigid dinuclear ruthenium-arene complexes showing strong DNA interactions. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 189:30-39. [PMID: 30218888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Six novel dinuclear Ru(II)-arene complexes [Ru2(η6-p-cymene)2(1,3-bib)2Cl2]×2·Solvent (X = Cl- (1), I- (2), NO3- (3), BF4- (4), PF6- (5), CF3SO3- (6); 1,3-bib = 1,3-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl) benzene) were synthesized and fully characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, ESI-MS, Elemental Analysis (EA) and Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD). Single crystal X-ray diffractions studies showed that 3 and 4 have rigid bowl-like structures, where one counter-anion (NO3- for 3 and BF4- for 4) was trapped inside the cavity to balance the charge, respectively. Even complexes 1-6 showed only moderate or little anti-proliferative activity toward cancer cells, strong interactions with DNA molecules through intercalation, however, were confirmed by UV-Vis, CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest studies for complex 2 with cancer A549 cells indicated concentration-dependent late apoptosis and the G1/G0 phase arrest. Interactions with the tripeptide glutathione (γ-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly, GSH) might explain the relatively low antiproliferative potency of these complexes. This class of rigid dinuclear cations hold potential as DNA-targeting anticancer agents if their uptake and delivery could be under controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Liu-Yi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shunli Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Fang-Xin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ji Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yong Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Hong-Ke Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
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18
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Mass spectrometry as a powerful tool to study therapeutic metallodrugs speciation mechanisms: Current frontiers and perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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20
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Ruthenium(II)-arene complexes with dibenzoylmethane induce apoptotic cell death in multiple myeloma cell lines. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Pettinari R, Petrini A, Marchetti F, Pettinari C, Riedel T, Therrien B, Dyson PJ. Arene-Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Bioactiveortho-Hydroxydibenzoylmethane Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Cytotoxicity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Pettinari
- School of Pharmacy; University of Camerino; Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
| | - Agnese Petrini
- School of Pharmacy; University of Camerino; Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- School of School of Science and Technology; University of Camerino; Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
| | - Claudio Pettinari
- School of Pharmacy; University of Camerino; Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
| | - Tina Riedel
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institut de Chimie; Université de Neuchâtel; Avenue de Bellevaux 51 CH-2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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22
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Palmucci J, Marchetti F, Pettinari R, Pettinari C, Scopelliti R, Riedel T, Therrien B, Galindo A, Dyson PJ. Synthesis, Structure, and Anticancer Activity of Arene-Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Acylpyrazolones Bearing Aliphatic Groups in the Acyl Moiety. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11770-11781. [PMID: 27934319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of neutral ruthenium(II) arene complexes [(arene)Ru(QR)Cl] (arene = p-cymene (cym) or hexamethylbenzene (hmb)) containing 4-acyl-5-pyrazolonate QR ligands with different electronic and steric substituents (R = 4-cyclohexyl, 4-stearoyl, or 4-adamantyl) and related ionic complexes [(arene)Ru(QR)(PTA)][PF6] (PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopy (IR, UV-vis, ESI-MS, and 1H and 13C NMR), elemental analysis, X-ray crystallography, and density functional theory studies. The cytotoxicity of the proligands and metal complexes was evaluated in vitro against human ovarian carcinoma cells (A2780 and A2780cisR), as well as against nontumorous human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. In general the cationic PTA-containing complexes are more cytotoxic than their neutral precursors with a chloride ligand in place of the PTA. Moreover, the complexes do not show cross-resistance and are essentially equally cytotoxic to both the A2780 and A2780cisR cell lines, although they only show limited selectivity toward the cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tina Riedel
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel , Ave de Bellevaux 51, Neuchatel, CH 2000, Switzerland
| | - Agustin Galindo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla , Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Tabrizi L, Chiniforoshan H. Ruthenium(II) p-cymene complexes of naphthoquinone derivatives as antitumor agents: A structure−activity relationship study. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Purkait K, Chatterjee S, Karmakar S, Mukherjee A. Alteration of steric hindrance modulates glutathione resistance and cytotoxicity of three structurally related RuII-p-cymene complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:8541-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Three structurally related RuII-p-cymene complexes of imidazole based Schiff bases show steric hindrance influences, hypoxia reactivity, cell cycle arrest and resistance to glutathione. The complexes show anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallol Purkait
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur Campus
- India
| | - Saptarshi Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur Campus
- India
| | - Subhendu Karmakar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur Campus
- India
| | - Arindam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur Campus
- India
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25
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Huang H, Zhang P, Chen Y, Qiu K, Jin C, Ji L, Chao H. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of labile intercalative ruthenium(ii) complexes for anticancer drug screening. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13135-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01270a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Ru(tpy)(N^N)Cl]+ were synthesized for anticancer evolution. Ru2–Ru4 were dual-mode DNA-binding complexes and exhibited higher DNA binding affinity, better cellular uptake efficiency and higher anticancer activity than Ru1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyi Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Kangqiang Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Chengzhi Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
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26
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Sriskandakumar T, Behyan S, Habtemariam A, Sadler PJ, Kennepohl P. Electrophilic Activation of Oxidized Sulfur Ligands and Implications for the Biological Activity of Ruthenium(II) Arene Anticancer Complexes. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:11574-80. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shirin Behyan
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Abraha Habtemariam
- University of Warwick, Department
of Chemistry, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- University of Warwick, Department
of Chemistry, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Kennepohl
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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27
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van Rixel VH, Busemann A, Göttle AJ, Bonnet S. Preparation, stability, and photoreactivity of thiolato ruthenium polypyridyl complexes: Can cysteine derivatives protect ruthenium-based anticancer complexes? J Inorg Biochem 2015; 150:174-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Transfer hydrogenation catalysis in cells as a new approach to anticancer drug design. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6582. [PMID: 25791197 PMCID: PMC4383003 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organometallic complexes are effective hydrogenation catalysts for organic reactions. For example, Noyori-type ruthenium complexes catalyse reduction of ketones by transfer of hydride from formate. Here we show that such catalytic reactions can be achieved in cancer cells, offering a new strategy for the design of safe metal-based anticancer drugs. The activity of ruthenium(II) sulfonamido ethyleneamine complexes towards human ovarian cancer cells is enhanced by up to 50 × in the presence of low non-toxic doses of formate. The extent of conversion of coenzyme NAD(+) to NADH in cells is dependent on formate concentration. This novel reductive stress mechanism of cell death does not involve apoptosis or perturbation of mitochondrial membrane potentials. In contrast, iridium cyclopentadienyl catalysts cause cancer cell death by oxidative stress. Organometallic complexes therefore have an extraordinary ability to modulate the redox status of cancer cells.
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29
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Approaches to the design of catalytic metallodrugs. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 25:172-83. [PMID: 25765750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions are known to act as catalytic centres in metallo-enzymes. On the other hand, low-molecular-weight metal complexes are widely used as catalysts in chemical systems. However, small catalysts do not have a large protein ligand to provide substrate selectivity and minimize catalyst poisoning. Despite the challenges that the lack of a protein ligand might pose, some success in the use of metal catalysts for biochemical transformations has been reported. Here, we present a brief overview of such reports, especially involving catalytic reactions in cells. Examples include C-C bond formation, deprotection and functional group modification, degradation of biomolecules, and redox modulation. We discuss four classes of catalytic redox modulators: photosensitizers, superoxide dismutase mimics, thiol oxidants, and transfer hydrogenation catalysts. Catalytic metallodrugs offer the prospect of low-dose therapy and a challenging new design strategy for future exploration.
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30
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Purkait K, Karmakar S, Bhattacharyya S, Chatterjee S, Dey SK, Mukherjee A. A hypoxia efficient imidazole-based Ru(ii) arene anticancer agent resistant to deactivation by glutathione. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:5969-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03983a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[RuII(η6-p-cym)(L)Cl](PF6) is slow to hydrolyze and shows better anticancer activity in hypoxia with strong resistance to deactivation by l-glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallol Purkait
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Subhendu Karmakar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Sudipta Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Saptarshi Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Suman Kr Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Arindam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
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31
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Pages BJ, Ang DL, Wright EP, Aldrich-Wright JR. Metal complex interactions with DNA. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:3505-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02700k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of DNA structures are being revealed using a diverse range of transition metal complexes and biophysical spectroscopic techniques. Here we present a review of metal complex-DNA interactions in which several binding modes and DNA structural forms are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Pages
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group
- School of Science and Health
- University of Western Sydney
- Locked Bag 1797 Penrith South DC
- Australia
| | - Dale L. Ang
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group
- School of Science and Health
- University of Western Sydney
- Locked Bag 1797 Penrith South DC
- Australia
| | - Elisé P. Wright
- School of Medicine
- University of Western Sydney
- Locked Bag 1797 Penrith South DC
- Australia
| | - Janice R. Aldrich-Wright
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group
- School of Science and Health
- University of Western Sydney
- Locked Bag 1797 Penrith South DC
- Australia
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32
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Sommer MG, Kureljak P, Urankar D, Schweinfurth D, Stojanović N, Bubrin M, Gazvoda M, Osmak M, Sarkar B, Košmrlj J. Combining [Arene-Ru] with Azocarboxamide to Generate a Complex with Cytotoxic Properties. Chemistry 2014; 20:17296-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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33
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Tsolis T, Manos MJ, Karkabounas S, Zelovitis I, Garoufis A. Synthesis, X-ray structure determination, cytotoxicity and interactions with 9-methylguanine, of ruthenium(II) η6-arene complexes. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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34
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Liu Z, Sadler PJ. Formation of glutathione sulfenate and sulfinate complexes by an organoiridium(iii) anticancer complex. Inorg Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qi00098f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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35
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Wilson YM, Dürrenberger M, Nogueira ES, Ward TR. Neutralizing the detrimental effect of glutathione on precious metal catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8928-32. [PMID: 24918731 DOI: 10.1021/ja500613n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report our efforts to enable transition-metal catalysis in the presence of cellular debris, notably Escherichia coli cell free extracts and cell lysates. This challenging goal is hampered by the presence of thiols, mainly present in the form of glutathione (GSH), which poison precious metal catalysts. To overcome this, we evaluated a selection of oxidizing agents and electrophiles toward their potential to neutralize the detrimental effect of GSH on a Ir-based transfer hydrogenation catalyst. While the bare catalyst was severely inhibited by cellular debris, embedding the organometallic moiety within a host protein led to promising results in the presence of some neutralizing agents. In view of its complementary to natural enzymes, the asymmetric imine reductase based on the incorporation of a biotinylated iridium pianostool complex within streptavidin (Sav) isoforms was selected as a model reaction. Compared to purified protein samples, we show that pretreatment of cell free extracts and cell lysates containing Sav mutants with diamide affords up to >100 TON's and only a modest erosion of enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne M Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , Spitalstrasse 51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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36
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Singh SK, Pandey DS. Multifaceted half-sandwich arene–ruthenium complexes: interactions with biomolecules, photoactivation, and multinuclearity approach. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44131h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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37
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Scrase TG, Page SM, Barker PD, Boss SR. Folates are potential ligands for ruthenium compounds in vivo. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:8158-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A labile ruthenium(ii) complex has been observed to chelate to folates under physiologically relevant conditions. The diastereomeric complexes formed would interfere with the one-carbon carrying role of folate in vivo. This highlights the importance of considering small molecules alongside macromolecules when determining the chemical origins of cytotoxicity of metallodrug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom G. Scrase
- The University of Cambridge Chemical Laboratory
- Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon M. Page
- The University of Cambridge Chemical Laboratory
- Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D. Barker
- The University of Cambridge Chemical Laboratory
- Cambridge, UK
| | - Sally R. Boss
- The University of Cambridge Chemical Laboratory
- Cambridge, UK
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38
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Belsa L, López C, González A, Font-Bardı́a M, Calvet T, Calvis C, Messeguer R. Neutral and Ionic Cycloruthenated 2-Phenylindoles as Cytotoxic Agents. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400941b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Belsa
- Departament de Quı́mica
Inorgànica,
Facultat de Quı́mica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concepción López
- Departament de Quı́mica
Inorgànica,
Facultat de Quı́mica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asensio González
- Laboratori de Quı́mica Orgànica,
Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Pl. Pius
XII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Font-Bardı́a
- Unitat
de Difracció de Raig-X, Centre Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Barcelona, Solé i Sabarı́s 1-3, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Calvet
- Departament de Crystal·lografı́a,
Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologı́a, Universitat de Barcelona, Martı́ i Franquès s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Calvis
- Biomed Division, LEITAT Tecnological Center, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Edifici Hèlix, Baldiri Reixach
15-21, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Messeguer
- Biomed Division, LEITAT Tecnological Center, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Edifici Hèlix, Baldiri Reixach
15-21, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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39
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Romero-Canelón I, Salassa L, Sadler PJ. The contrasting activity of iodido versus chlorido ruthenium and osmium arene azo- and imino-pyridine anticancer complexes: control of cell selectivity, cross-resistance, p53 dependence, and apoptosis pathway. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1291-300. [PMID: 23368735 DOI: 10.1021/jm3017442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic half-sandwich complexes [M(p-cymene)(azo/imino-pyridine)X](+) where M = Ru(II) or Os(II) and X ═ Cl or I, exhibit potent antiproliferative activity toward a range of cancer cells. Not only are the iodido complexes more potent than the chlorido analogues, but they are not cross-resistant with the clinical platinum drugs cisplatin and oxaliplatin. They are also more selective for cancer cells versus normal cells (fibroblasts) and show high accumulation in cell membranes. They arrest cell growth in G1 phase in contrast to cisplatin (S phase) with a high incidence of late-stage apoptosis. The iodido complexes retain potency in p53 mutant colon cells. All complexes activate caspase 3. In general, antiproliferative activity is greatly enhanced by low levels of the glutathione synthase inhibitor l-buthionine sulfoxime. The work illustrates how subtle changes to the design of low-spin d(6) metal complexes can lead to major changes in cellular metabolism and to potent complexes with novel mechanisms of anticancer activity.
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40
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Renfrew AK, Bryce NS, Hambley TW. Delivery and release of curcumin by a hypoxia-activated cobalt chaperone: a XANES and FLIM study. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51530c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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