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Rambo MKD, Lins RF, Silva FLN, Alonso A, Rambo MCD, Leal JEC, Sousa-Neto DD. Effect of cationic surfactant on the physicochemical and antibacterial properties of colloidal systems (emulsions and microemulsions). BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e278013. [PMID: 38422288 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.278013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Colloidal systems have been used to encapsulate, protect and release essential oils in mouthwashes. In this study, we investigated the effect of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on the physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of oil-in-water colloidal systems containing tea tree oil (TTO) and the nonionic surfactant polysorbate 80. Our main aim was to evaluate whether CPC could improve the antimicrobial activity of TTO, since this activity is impaired when this essential oil is encapsulated with polysorbate 80. These systems were prepared with different amounts of TTO (0-0.5% w/w) and CPC (0-0.5% w/w), at a final concentration of 2% (w/w) polysorbate 80. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) results revealed the formation of oil-swollen micelles and oil droplets as a function of TTO concentration. Increases in CPC concentrations led to a reduction of around 88% in the mean diameter of oil-swollen micelles. Although this variation was of only 20% for the oil droplets, the samples appearance changed from turbid to transparent. The surface charge of colloidal structures was also markedly affected by the CPC as demonstrated by the transition in zeta potential from slightly negative to highly positive values. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies showed that this transition is followed by significant increases in the fluidity of surfactant monolayer of both colloidal structures. The antimicrobial activity of colloidal systems was tested against a Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureaus) bacteria. Our results revealed that the inhibition of bacterial growth is observed for the same CPC concentration (0.05% w/w for E. coli and 0.3% w/w for S. aureus) regardless of TTO content. These findings suggest that TTO may not act as an active ingredient in polysorbate 80 containing mouthwashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K D Rambo
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, Laboratório de Química, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências do Ambiente - Ciamb, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - R F Lins
- Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins - UFNT, Colegiado de Química, Araguaína, TO, Brasil
| | - F L N Silva
- Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins - UFNT, Colegiado de Química, Araguaína, TO, Brasil
| | - A Alonso
- Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Instituto de Física, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - M C D Rambo
- Instituto de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins - IFTO, Colegiado de Matemática, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - J E C Leal
- Instituto de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins - IFTO, Colegiado de Agronegócio, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - D de Sousa-Neto
- Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins - UFNT, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Araguaína, TO, Brasil
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Liu L, Fisher KD, Bussey WD. Comparison of Emulsion Stabilizers: Application for the Enhancement of the Bioactivity of Lemongrass Essential Oil. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:415. [PMID: 38337303 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent focus on cellulose nanomaterials, particularly biodegradable and biocompatible cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), has prompted their use as emulsion stabilizers. CNCs, when combined with salt, demonstrate enhanced emulsion stabilization. This study explored three emulsion stabilizers: Tween 80, soybean CNCs with salt (salted CNCs), and a combination of salted CNCs with Tween 80. Soybean CNCs, derived from soybean stover, were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Antifungal testing against Aspergillus flavus revealed increased bioactivity in all lemongrass essential oil (EO)-loaded emulsions compared to pure essential oil. In addition, all three emulsions exhibited a slight reduction in antifungal activity after 30 days of room temperature storage. The release experiment revealed that the EO-loaded nanoemulsion exhibited a slow-release profile. The nanoemulsion stabilized by salted CNCs and Tween 80 exhibited significantly lower release rates when compared to the nanoemulsion stabilized solely by Tween 80, attributed to the gel network formed by salted CNCs. The findings of this study highlight the efficacy of cellulose nanocrystals procured from soybean byproducts in conjunction with synthetic surfactants to create nanoencapsulated essential oils, resulting in improved antimicrobial efficacy and the achievement of sustained release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Liu
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Kaleb D Fisher
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - William D Bussey
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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3
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Aiemsaard J, Borlace GN, Thongkham E, Jarassaeng C. Antibacterial efficacy of essential oil spray formulation for post-milking disinfection in dairy cows. Vet World 2023; 16:1552-1561. [PMID: 37621533 PMCID: PMC10446713 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1552-1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Mastitis is an essential issue in dairy cows. Post-milking teat dips can help reduce this problem, but they employ harsh disinfectants, and many bacteria are becoming increasingly tolerant. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of clove, citronella, and sweet basil essential oils against the common bovine mastitis causative agents Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli and to develop an antiseptic post-milking teat spray for use in dairy cows. Materials and Methods The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was determined by broth microdilution and time-kill assays. Essential oil-based post-milking teat sprays were developed. The bacterial eradication efficacy of the formulations was determined by time-kill assays and their stability was tested by repeated freeze-thaw cycles. The most effective formulation was tested in dairy cows. Results The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the tested essential oils against S. aureus, S. agalactiae, and E. coli were in the range of 0.78-6.25 μL/mL. The time-kill tests indicated that the essential oils' antibacterial activity depended on concentration and contact time. All three essential oil-based post-milking teat spray preparations showed good stability. The citronella spray formulation showed the highest antibacterial potency. In in vivo testing, the citronella spray eradicated aerobic bacteria on the teat skin of cows (99.9% or 3-log10 reduction) within 1 min, which was non-inferior to a standard 0.54% iodine solution teat dip. Conclusion Clove, citronella, and sweet basil essential oils were effective against S. aureus, S. agalactiae, and E. coli in vitro. Of these, citronella essential oil is the most promising to be developed as a post-milking teat spray with high antibacterial activity and excellent bacterial eradication properties in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jareerat Aiemsaard
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Glenn Neville Borlace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Eakachai Thongkham
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Jarassaeng
- Division of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
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Touayar M, Zayani R, Messaoud C, Salman H. Influence of droplet size on the antibacterial efficacy of citral and citronella oil nanoemulsions in polysaccharide coated fresh-cut apples. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10460. [PMID: 37380709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fresh-cut fruits are highly perishable and susceptible to bacterial contamination. Polysaccharides edible coating loaded with essential oils nanoemulsions have the potential to extend shelf life and improve quality of fruits. The effectiveness of this approach is dependent on the properties of the nanoemulsions, such as droplet size (DS) and stability. This study aimed to optimize the production of citral (CT) and citronella oil (CTO) nanoemulsions (CT-CTO-NEs) incorporated in edible coating film to be used as natural antimicrobial agent in fresh-cut apples. After testing different combinations of surfactant (tween 80) and cosurfactant (propylene glycol) to obtain stable oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsions, the results demonstrated that optimized CT-CTO-NEs with DS less than 500 nm have been successfully achieved with high stability for 3 weeks at 4 °C. In addition, CT-CTO-NEs were obtained by In situ formation under magnetic stirring without applying complex high shear homogenization processes. Desired stability of CT-CTO-NEs also has been achieved within semi-solid matrix (sodium alginate cross-linked film). The relationship between DS and antibacterial activity was observed, with the smallest DS (< 100 nm) showing the highest antibacterial efficacy against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. These results emphasize the importance of DS in the effectiveness of CT-CTO-NEs as an antibacterial coating for fresh-cut fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Touayar
- Bionanoplus, Polígono, C. E, N°2, 2°B, 31194, Orikain, Navarra, Spain.
- Research Unit of Nanobiotechnology and Valorisation of Phytoressources Medicinal Plants UR17ES22, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, University of Carthage, Centre Urbain Nord, BP 676, 1080, Charguia Cedex, Tunisia.
| | - Rania Zayani
- Research Unit of Nanobiotechnology and Valorisation of Phytoressources Medicinal Plants UR17ES22, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, University of Carthage, Centre Urbain Nord, BP 676, 1080, Charguia Cedex, Tunisia
| | - Chokri Messaoud
- Research Unit of Nanobiotechnology and Valorisation of Phytoressources Medicinal Plants UR17ES22, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, University of Carthage, Centre Urbain Nord, BP 676, 1080, Charguia Cedex, Tunisia
| | - Hesham Salman
- Bionanoplus, Polígono, C. E, N°2, 2°B, 31194, Orikain, Navarra, Spain
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El-Bana MA, El-Daly SM, Omara EA, Morsy SM, El-Naggar ME, Medhat D. Preparation of pumpkin oil-based nanoemulsion as a potential estrogen replacement therapy to alleviate neural-immune interactions in an experimental postmenopausal model. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 166:106730. [PMID: 36931593 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
As estrogen production decreases during menopause; the brain's metabolism tends to stall and become less effective. Estrogen most likely protects against neurodegeneration. Consequently, a comprehensive study of the benefits of hormone replacement therapy as a neuroprotective effect is urgently required. This study was designed to fabricate pumpkin seed oil nanoparticles (PSO) in nanoemulsion form (PSO-NE) and investigate their potential role in attenuating the neural-immune interactions in an experimental postmenopausal model.Sixty female white albino rats were divided into six groups: control, sham, ovariectomized (OVX), and three OVX groups treated with 17β-estradiol, PSO, and PSO-NE respectively. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and particle size analyzer were performed for nanoemulsion evaluation. Serum levels of estrogen, brain amyloid precursor protein (APP), serum levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κβ), interleukin 6 (IL-6), transthyretin (TTR), and synaptophysin (SYP) were evaluated. The expression of estrogen receptors (ER-α, β) in the brain tissue was estimated. The findings revealed that the approached PSO-NE system was able to reduce the interfacial tension, enhance the dispersion entropy, lower the system free energy to an extremely small value, and augment the interfacial area. PSO-NE, showed a significant increase in the levels of estrogen, brain APP, SYP, and TTR accompanied with a significant increased in the expression of brain ER-α, β compared to the OVX group. In conclusion, the phytoestrogen content of PSO exhibited a significant prophylactic effect on neuro-inflammatory interactions, ameliorating both estrogen levels and the inflammatory cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A El-Bana
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherien M El-Daly
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Enayat A Omara
- Pathology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Safaa M Morsy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mehrez E El-Naggar
- Institute of Textile Research and Technology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia Medhat
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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Assessment of Growth Inhibition of Eugenol-Loaded Nano-Emulsions against Beneficial Bifidobacterium sp. along with Resistant Escherichia coli Using Flow Cytometry. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal tract microbiota influences many aspects of the dietary components on colon health and during enteric infections, thus, playing a pivotal role in the colon health. Therefore, the eugenol (EU) nano-emulsion effective concentration reported in our previous study against cancer cells should be explored for safety against beneficial microbes. We evaluated the sensitivity of Bifidobacterium breve and B. adolescentis against EU-loaded nano-emulsions at 0, 300, 600 and 900 µm, which were effective against colon and liver cancer cells. Both B. breve and B. adolescentis showed comparable growth ranges to the control group at 300 and 600 µm, as evident from the plate count experimental results. However, at 900 µm, a slight growth variation was revealed with respect to the control group. The real-time inhibition determination through flow cytometry showed B. breve viable, sublethal cells (99.49 and 0.51%) and B. adolescentis (95.59 and 0.15%) at 900 µm, suggesting slight inhibition even at the highest tested concentration. Flow cytometry proved to be a suitable quantitative approach that has revealed separate live, dead, and susceptible cells upon treatment with EU nano-emulsion against Escherichia coli. Similarly, in the case of B. breve and B. adolescentis, the cells showed only live cells that qualitatively suggest EU nano-emulsion safety. To judge the viability of these sublethal populations of B. breve and B. adolescentis, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy was carried out, revealing no peak shift for proteins, lipids, DNA and carbohydrates at 900 µm EU nano-emulsion compared to the control. On the other hand, EU-loaded nano-emulsions (900 µm)-treated E. coli showed a clear peak shift for a membrane protein, lipids, DNA and carbohydrates. This study provides insights to utilize plant phenols as safe medicines as well as dietary supplements.
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Zhuang S, Liu H, Inglis DW, Li M. Tuneable Cell-Laden Double-Emulsion Droplets for Enhanced Signal Detection. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2039-2046. [PMID: 36634052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) or double-emulsion (DE) droplets have been widely used for cellular assays at a single-cell level because of their stability and biocompatibility. The oil shell of w/o/w droplets plays the role of a semipermeable membrane that allows substances with low molecular weight (e.g., water) to travel through but restricts those with high molecular weight (e.g., fluorescent biomarkers). Therefore, the core of DEs can be manipulated using osmosis, resulting in the shrinking or swelling of the core. Water leaves the inner aqueous phase to the outer phase via the oil shell when the osmotic pressure of the outer phase is higher than that in the inner phase, causing the shrinkage of DEs and vice versa. These processes can be achieved by transferring the DEs to hypertonic or hypotonic solutions. Manipulation of the core size of DEs can be beneficial to cellular assays. First, due to the selectivity of the oil shell of DEs, the concentration of biomarkers in the core increases when the inner aqueous phase is shrunk, resulting in the enhancement of biosignals. We demonstrate this by encapsulating the Bgl3 enzyme-secreting yeast with a substrate that displays fluorescence after hydrolyzation. In a second application, a single GFP-tagged yeast cell was encapsulated in DEs. After swelling the core of DEs, we observe that the larger core of DEs promotes cell growth compared to those with the smaller cores, leading to more intracellular proteins (green-fluorescent protein) for screening. These osmotic manipulations provide new tools for droplet-based biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhuang
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Hangrui Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - David W Inglis
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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Moawad M, Nasr GM, Osman AS, Shaker ES. Curcumin nanocapsules effect in apoptotic processes, gene expression, and cell cycle on Hep-G2 cell lines. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231176396. [PMID: 37190979 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231176396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Curcumin has antioxidant and antiproliferative properties, and its therapeutic effect must be considered. Nanocurcumin capsules showed a potential increase against in vitro biological cancer. This study sought to determine how curcumin nanoparticles and nanocapsules affected the expression of p53, Bcl-2, Bax, and Bax in a liver cancer cell line (Hep-G2). Mechanisms of apoptosis were also examined in this cell line. METHODS This study used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to analyze the p53, Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 gene pathways and to evaluate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the efficacy of curcumin nanoparticles (CNPs) and curcumin nanocapsules (CNCs) against liver cell lines. Flow cytometry was used to check for signs of apoptosis and the cell cycle. RESULTS Curcumin nanocapsules produced by the ball milling process at 90 min significantly boosted the populations of apoptotic cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The mRNA expression analysis revealed that the proapoptotic Bax, Caspase-3, and the tumor suppressor gene p53 were upregulated throughout the process started by curcumin nanocapsules and decreased in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. CONCLUSION This research provides a fresh understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the liver cancer-fighting abilities of curcumin nanoparticles. Curcumin nanocapsules produced through a unique mechanical technique can be used as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Moawad
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo Univ. Egypt
| | - Ghada M Nasr
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Molecular Diagnostics & therapeutics, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Afaf S Osman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad S Shaker
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Minia University, Egypt
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Kurrimboccus F, Orchard A, Danckwerts MP, van Vuuren S. Antimicrobial Formulation of Chrysopogon zizanioides Essential Oil in an Emulsified Lotion for Acne. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:1256-1262. [PMID: 34963181 DOI: 10.1055/a-1699-3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acne is a skin condition arising from excess sebum production and microbial overgrowth within the pilosebaceous unit. Several commercial essential oils have shown promising activity against acne-related pathogens. Due to their volatility and thermal instability, the formulation of essential oils into commercial products remains a pharmaceutical challenge. Thus, this study aimed to develop a viable anti-acne topical treatment as an oil-in-water emulsified lotion to overcome these challenges. Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) displayed noteworthy antimicrobial activity with a mean minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.14 mg/mL against Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Emulsified lotions containing C. zizanioides were developed through the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance approach. At tested hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values of 8, 9, and 10, C. zizanioides emulsified lotions displayed maximum stability at hydrophilic-lipophilic balance 9 with a minimum change in mean droplet size and polydispersity index of 20.61 and 33.33%, respectively, over 84 days. The C. zizanioides emulsified lotion at optimum hydrophilic-lipophilic balance 9 completely inhibited the growth of C. acnes and killed S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. pyogenes within 24 h. Additionally, the lotion retained antimicrobial activity against these test micro-organisms over the 84-day stability test period. Thus, the C. zizanioides emulsified lotion demonstrated physical stability and antimicrobial efficiency, making it an ideal natural product anti-acne treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadilah Kurrimboccus
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ané Orchard
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michael Paul Danckwerts
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sandy van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Gurtler JB, Garner CM. A Review of Essential Oils as Antimicrobials in Foods with Special Emphasis on Fresh Produce. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1300-1319. [PMID: 35588157 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-22-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Consumer safety concerns over established fresh produce washing methods and the demand for organic and clean-label food has led to the exploration of novel methods of produce sanitization. Essential oils (EOs), which are extracted from plants, have potential as clean-label sanitizers because they are naturally derived and act as antimicrobials and antioxidants. In this review, the antimicrobial effects of EOs are explored individually and in combination, as emulsions, combined with existing chemical and physical preservation methods, incorporated into films and coatings, and in vapor phase. We examined combinations of EOs with one another, with EO components, with surfactants, and with other preservatives or preservation methods to increase sanitizing efficacy. Components of major EOs were identified, and the chemical mechanisms, potential for antibacterial resistance, and effects on organoleptic properties were examined. Studies have revealed that EOs can be equivalent or better sanitizing agents than chlorine; nevertheless, concentrations must be kept low to avoid adverse sensory effects. For this reason, future studies should address the maximum permissible EO concentrations that do not negatively affect organoleptic properties. This review should be beneficial to food scientists or industry personnel interested in the use of EOs for sanitization and preservation of foods, including fresh produce. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Gurtler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Residue Chemistry and Predictive Microbiology Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038-8551, USA
| | - Christina M Garner
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Residue Chemistry and Predictive Microbiology Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038-8551, USA
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Ghiasi F, Golmakani MT. Innovative design of bio-functional Persian gum-based edible films by incorporating crocin and cinnamaldehyde: Free versus single and double emulsion fabrication techniques. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Altay Ö, Köprüalan Ö, İlter I, Koç M, Ertekin FK, Jafari SM. Spray drying encapsulation of essential oils; process efficiency, formulation strategies, and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1139-1157. [PMID: 36004620 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2113364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have many beneficial qualities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, and antifungal activities, along with good aroma, which have played a significant role in pharmaceutical, textile, and food industries. However, their high volatility and sensibility to external factors, as well as susceptibility to deterioration caused by environmental and storage conditions, or even common processing, and consequently limited water solubility, makes it difficult to incorporate them into aqueous food matrices and limits their industrial application. Spray-drying encapsulation has been proposed as a solution and a challenging research field to retard oil oxidation, extend EO's shelf life, improve their physicochemical stability, achieve controlled release, suggest novel uses, and therefore boost their added value. The objective of this review is to discuss various used wall materials, infeed emulsion properties, the main formulation and process variables affecting the physicochemical properties and release characteristics of the EOs-loaded particles obtained by spray-drying, the stability of EOs during storage, and the applications of encapsulated EOs powders in foods and nutrition, pharmaceuticals, and textile industries. The current review also summarizes recent advances in spray drying approaches for improving encapsulation efficiency, flavor retention, controlled release, and applicability of encapsulated EOs, thereby expanding their use and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgül Altay
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Özgün Köprüalan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Işıl İlter
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Koç
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Türkiye
| | - Figen Kaymak Ertekin
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Mavalizadeh A, Fazlara A, PourMahdi M, Bavarsad N. The effect of separate and combined treatments of nisin, Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (nanoemulsion and free form) and chitosan coating on the shelf life of refrigerated chicken fillets. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sharma M, Mann B, Pothuraju R, Sharma R, Kumar R. Physico-chemical characterization of ultrasound assisted clove oil-loaded nanoemulsion: As enhanced antimicrobial potential. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 34:e00720. [PMID: 35686016 PMCID: PMC9171427 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clove oil has a high eugenol content, making it an effective antimicrobial essential oil; nevertheless, its low water solubility, high volatility, and organoleptic qualities limit its use in food systems. As a result, we created an antibacterial system using clove oil-in-water nanoemulsion. Clove oil nanoemulsions were produced using whey protein concentrate (0.1-1%) as an emulsifier by ultrasonication and various physico-chemical characteristics (stability, particle size, zeta-potential, and poly dispersity index) were investigated. Mean particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity index of the most stable nanoemulsion were 279.0 ± 8.43 nm, -34.5 ± 0.12 mV, and 0.179 ± 0.012, respectively. Most stable nanoemulsion was fairly stable at different processing parameters such as various pH (3.0 - 7.0), temperature ranges (63 - 121 °C), and ionic strengths (0.1 - 1.0 M NaCl). Finally, antimicrobial activities, such as minimum inhibitory concentration was found with 50 µL, whereas minimum bactericidal concentration was observed to be 90 µL after 8 h contact time, against E. coli and B. subtilis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minaxi Sharma
- Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Bimlesh Mann
- Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Rajan Sharma
- Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
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15
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El‐Sayed SM, El‐Sayed HS, Elgamily HM, Youssef AM. Preparation and Evaluation of Yogurt fortified with Probiotics Jelly Candy Enriched with Grape Seeds Extract Nanoemulsion. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samah M. El‐Sayed
- Dairy science Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki Giza, P.O. 12622 Egypt
| | - Hoda S. El‐Sayed
- Dairy science Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki Giza, P.O. 12622 Egypt
| | - Hanaa M. Elgamily
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki Giza, P.O. 12622 Egypt
| | - Ahmed. M. Youssef
- Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki Giza, P.O. 12622 Egypt
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16
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Ganesan NG, Miastkowska MA, Pulit-Prociak J, Dey P, Rangarajan V. Formulation of a stable biocosmetic nanoemulsion using a Bacillus lipopeptide as the green-emulsifier for skin-care applications. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2059502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neela Gayathri Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Zuarinagar, Goa, India
| | | | - Jolanta Pulit-Prociak
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Pinaki Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vivek Rangarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Zuarinagar, Goa, India
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17
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Zhao R, Zhang Y, Chen H, Song R, Li Y. Performance of eugenol emulsion/chitosan edible coating and application in fresh meat preservation. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Runan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Huanle Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Rong Song
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Ministry of Education China
- Functional Food Engineering &Technology Research Center of Hubei Province China
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18
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Silva RCSD, de Souza Arruda IR, Malafaia CB, de Moraes MM, Beck TS, Gomes da Camara CA, Henrique da Silva N, Vanusa da Silva M, dos Santos Correia MT, Frizzo CP, Machado G. Synthesis, characterization and antibiofilm/antimicrobial activity of nanoemulsions containing Tetragastris catuaba (Burseraceae) essential oil against disease-causing pathogens. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Chen H, Zhong Q. Physical and antimicrobial properties of self-emulsified nanoemulsions containing three synergistic essential oils. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 365:109557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Gulzar S, Raju N, Prodpran T, Benjakul S. Chitosan‐Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles Improves Oxidative Stability of Encapsulated Shrimp Oil throughout the Extended Storage. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Gulzar
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Navaneethan Raju
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Thummanoon Prodpran
- Center of Excellence in Bio‐based Materials and Packaging Innovation Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
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21
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Zhao GX, Zhu LJ, Li H, Liu XY, Yang LN, Wang SN, Liu H, Ma T. A hierarchical emulsion system stabilized by soyasaponin emulsion droplets. Food Funct 2021; 12:10571-10580. [PMID: 34581363 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01607e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oil/water (O/W) emulsion droplets coated with soyasaponin (Ssa) were used as emulsifiers to prepare emulsions with hierarchical configurations (2.82 μm). Ssa is a natural triterpenoid with amphiphilic properties and an excellent emulsifying activity. Stable O/W emulsions were prepared and characterized using an ultrasonic method at a Ssa concentration of 2.5 wt%. The resultant hierarchical emulsions were further prepared using O/W droplets as emulsifiers. It was observed that the stability of the hierarchical emulsions changed with alterations to the ratio of O/W droplets to the oil phase. As the number of droplets increased, the more the surface area of the hierarchical emulsion was covered. Additional observations included a decreased particle size, increased negative charge and viscoelastic behavior, and enhanced emulsion stability. The emulsion was most stable when the O/W droplet addition was 29%. The addition of O/W droplets continued to increase, and there was an imbalance in the ratio of O/W droplets to the oil phase; the excess O/W droplets induced instability in the emulsion, resulting in a degradation of the emulsion quality. We monitored hierarchical emulsions with different concentrations of emulsifiers for 30 days, and the results indicated that hierarchical emulsions could meet the demand for long-term storage. This provides a new theoretical basis for the construction and application of complex emulsion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xiu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China.
| | - Li-Jie Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China.
| | - He Li
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xiu-Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China.
| | - Li-Na Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China.
| | - Sheng-Nan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China.
| | - He Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China.
| | - Tao Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China.
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22
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Jamali SN, Assadpour E, Feng J, Jafari SM. Natural antimicrobial-loaded nanoemulsions for the control of food spoilage/pathogenic microorganisms. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 295:102504. [PMID: 34384999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Both consumers and producers of food products are looking for natural ingredients and efficient formulation strategies to improve the shelf life of final products. Natural antimicrobial ingredients such as essential oils can be applied as alternatives to synthetic preservatives, but their main challenge is low stability, adverse effects on sensory properties, low solubility, high needed doses, etc. Formulation of these bioactive compounds into nanoemulsions can be an efficient strategy to improve their properties and practical applications in food products. In this review, after an overview on nanoemulsion formulation, ingredients and fabrication methods, different types of natural antimicrobial agents have been discussed briefly. In addition, properties and action mechanisms of antimicrobial-loaded nanoemulsions, along with their application in preservation and shelf life improvement of different food products have been explained. Finally, safety and regulatory issues of antimicrobial delivery via nanoemulsions have been examined. As a conclusion antimicrobial-loaded nanoemulsions can be promising candidates and alternatives for common synthetic preservatives in real food systems.
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23
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Yang Y, Hao K, Jiang M, Memon FU, Guo L, Zhang G, Liu T, Wu X, Si H. Transcriptomic Analysis of Drug-Resistance Acinetobacter baumannii under the Stress Condition Caused by Litsea cubeba L . Essential Oil via RNA Sequencing. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1003. [PMID: 34210052 PMCID: PMC8307839 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Litsea cubeba L. essential oil(LCEO) can affect the growth of drug-resistance bacteria. However, research on stress response of drug-resistant A. baumannii under sub-lethal LCEO concentrations had been limited so far. Therefore, transcriptomic analysisof A. baumannii under 1/2 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, 0.54 mg/mL) of LCEO was performed. Results of transcriptomic analysis showed that 320/352 genes were significantly up/down-regulated, respectively, in LCEO-treated A. baumannii. Both up and down-regulated genes were significantly enriched in three GO terms (oxidation-reduction process; oxidoreductase activity; oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors), which indicated that the redox state of A. baumannii was significantly affected by LCEO. LCEO may also inhibit aerobic respiration, synthesis of ketone bodies and the metabolism of some amino acids while, meanwhile, promoting fatty acid degradation of A. baumannii according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. The permeability and the stress of cell membrane of A. baumannii were significantly affected by LCEO. After crystal violet dyeing, the biofilm formation of A. baumannii was promoted/inhibited by extremely low/relatively high concentration of LCEO, respectively. LCEO and chloramphenicol have synergistic growth inhibitory effect against A. baumannii according to the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) value = 0.375. Our results indicate that the growth of A. baumannii was inhibited by LCEO, and give insights into the stress response of A. baumannii under sub-lethal concentrations of LCEO. These results provided evidence that A. baumannii was inhibited by LCEO, and expanded knowledges of stress response of A. baumannii under sub-lethal concentration of LCEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiao Yang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.Y.); (K.H.); (M.J.); (F.U.M.); (G.Z.); (T.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Kaiyuan Hao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.Y.); (K.H.); (M.J.); (F.U.M.); (G.Z.); (T.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Mingsheng Jiang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.Y.); (K.H.); (M.J.); (F.U.M.); (G.Z.); (T.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Fareed Uddin Memon
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.Y.); (K.H.); (M.J.); (F.U.M.); (G.Z.); (T.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Lei Guo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China;
| | - Geyin Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.Y.); (K.H.); (M.J.); (F.U.M.); (G.Z.); (T.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Tian Liu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.Y.); (K.H.); (M.J.); (F.U.M.); (G.Z.); (T.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xianshi Wu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.Y.); (K.H.); (M.J.); (F.U.M.); (G.Z.); (T.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.Y.); (K.H.); (M.J.); (F.U.M.); (G.Z.); (T.L.); (X.W.)
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24
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Li CH, Landis RF, Makabenta JM, Nabawy A, Tronchet T, Archambault D, Liu Y, Huang R, Golan M, Cui W, Mager J, Gupta A, Schmidt-Malan S, Patel R, Rotello VM. Nanotherapeutics using all-natural materials. Effective treatment of wound biofilm infections using crosslinked nanoemulsions. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1776-1782. [PMID: 34594564 PMCID: PMC8478344 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01826k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wound infections are a threat to public health. Although antibiotics currently provide front-line treatments for bacterial infections, the development of drug resistance coupled with the defenses provided through biofilm formation render these infections difficult, if not impossible, to cure. Antimicrobials from natural resources provide unique antimicrobial mechanisms and are generally recognized as safe and sustainable. Herein, an all-natural antimicrobial platform is reported. It is active against bacterial biofilms and accelerates healing of wound biofilm infections in vivo. This antimicrobial platform uses gelatin stabilized by photocrosslinking using riboflavin (vitamin B2) as a photocatalyst, and carvacrol (the primary constituent of oregano oil) as the active antimicrobial. The engineered nanoemulsions demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity towards drug-resistant bacterial biofilms and significantly expedite wound healing in an in vivo murine wound biofilm model. The antimicrobial activity, wound healing promotion, and biosafety of these nanoemulsions provide a readily translatable and sustainable strategy for managing wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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25
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Espinosa-Sandoval L, Ochoa-Martínez C, Ayala-Aponte A, Pastrana L, Gonçalves C, Cerqueira MA. Polysaccharide-Based Multilayer Nano-Emulsions Loaded with Oregano Oil: Production, Characterization, and In Vitro Digestion Assessment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:878. [PMID: 33808246 PMCID: PMC8067034 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The food industry has increased its interest in using "consumer-friendly" and natural ingredients to produce food products. In the case of emulsifiers, one of the possibilities is to use biopolymers with emulsification capacity, such as octenyl succinic anhydride modified starch, which can be used in combination with other polysaccharides, such as chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose, in order to improve the capacity to protect bioactive compounds. In this work, multilayer nano-emulsion systems loaded with oregano essential oil were produced by high energy methods and characterized. The process optimization was carried out based on the evaluation of particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. Optimal conditions were achieved for one-layer nano-emulsions resulting in particle size and zeta potential of 180 nm and -42 mV, two layers (after chitosan addition) at 226 nm and 35 mV, and three layers (after carboxymethylcellulose addition) of 265 nm and -1 mV, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency of oregano essential oil within nano-emulsions was 97.1%. Stability was evaluated up to 21 days at 4 and 20 °C. The three layers nano-emulsion demonstrated to be an efficient delivery system of oregano essential oil, making 40% of the initial oregano essential oil available versus 13% obtained for oregano essential oil in oil, after exposure to simulated digestive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Espinosa-Sandoval
- School of Food Engineering, Universidad del Valle, 76001 Cali, Colombia; (L.E.-S.); (C.O.-M.); (A.A.-A.)
| | - Claudia Ochoa-Martínez
- School of Food Engineering, Universidad del Valle, 76001 Cali, Colombia; (L.E.-S.); (C.O.-M.); (A.A.-A.)
| | - Alfredo Ayala-Aponte
- School of Food Engineering, Universidad del Valle, 76001 Cali, Colombia; (L.E.-S.); (C.O.-M.); (A.A.-A.)
| | - Lorenzo Pastrana
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (L.P.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Catarina Gonçalves
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (L.P.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Miguel A. Cerqueira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (L.P.); (M.A.C.)
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26
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Tian Q, Zhou W, Cai Q, Ma G, Lian G. Concepts, processing, and recent developments in encapsulating essential oils. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Costa M, Losada-Barreiro S, Bravo-Díaz C, Monteiro LS, Paiva-Martins F. Interfacial Concentrations of Hydroxytyrosol Derivatives in Fish Oil-in-Water Emulsions and Nanoemulsions and Its Influence on Their Lipid Oxidation: Droplet Size Effects. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121897. [PMID: 33353202 PMCID: PMC7765823 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reports on the effect of droplet size on the oxidative stability of emulsions and nanoemulsions are scarce in the literature and frequently contradictory. Here, we have employed a set of hydroxytyrosol (HT) esters of different hydrophobicity and fish oil-in-water emulsified systems containing droplets of different sizes to evaluate the effect of the droplet size, surfactant, (ΦI) and oil (ΦO) volume fractions on their oxidative stability. To quantitatively unravel the observed findings, we employed a well-established pseudophase kinetic model to determine the distribution and interfacial concentrations of the antioxidants (AOs) in the intact emulsions and nanoemulsions. Results show that there is a direct correlation between antioxidant efficiency and the concentration of the AOs in the interfacial region, which is much higher (20–200 fold) than the stoichiometric one. In both emulsified systems, the highest interfacial concentration and the highest antioxidant efficiency was found for hydroxytyrosol octanoate. Results clearly show that the principal parameter controlling the partitioning of antioxidants is the surfactant volume fraction, ΦI, followed by the O/W ratio; meanwhile, the droplet size has no influence on their interfacial concentrations and, therefore, on their antioxidant efficiency. Moreover, no correlation was seen between droplet size and oxidative stability of both emulsions and nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (S.L.-B.)
| | - Sonia Losada-Barreiro
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (S.L.-B.)
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Carlos Bravo-Díaz
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Luís S. Monteiro
- Chemistry Centre, University of Minho, Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Fátima Paiva-Martins
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (S.L.-B.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Guo L, Fang YQ, Liang XR, Xu YY, Chen J, Li YH, Fang S, Meng YC. Influence of polysorbates (Tweens) on structural and antimicrobial properties for microemulsions. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119939. [PMID: 33011247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polysorbates (Tweens) are one of the most used excipients for essential oils encapsulation. In this work, the polysorbate based microemulsions (PMEs) for R-(+)-limonene (LMN) encapsulation were investigated for the structural and antimicrobial properties. PMEs were constructed using the pseudoternary phase diagrams, and then characterized for electrical conductivity, rheology, size distribution and particle geometry. Conductivity and rheological measurement results showed that Tween 80 and Tween 60 based microemulsions have identical phase transitions. Dynamic light scattering demonstrated that hydrodynamic diameters of oil-in-water microemulsions decreased from 30 nm to 25 nm during the dilution, while small-angle X-ray scattering indicated that their spherical geometries were maintained. PMEs exhibited enhanced antimicrobial efficiencies in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interestingly, when Tween 80 was replaced by Tween 60, PME was observed more effective against S. aureus. The two PMEs structural analogues exhibited different antimicrobial efficiencies corresponding to the bioactivity of polysorbates. In conclusion, PMEs can be considered as a desirable system for LMN encapsulation to enhance its solubility and antimicrobial efficiency. Furthermore, the difference in the antimicrobial efficiency suggested that the choice of emulsifiers should be concerned to improve further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Ya-Qian Fang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Xian-Rui Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yu-Yan Xu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Sheng Fang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yue-Cheng Meng
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
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Trombino S, Curcio F, Cassano R. Nano- and Micro-Technologies Applied to Food Nutritional Ingredients. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 18:670-678. [PMID: 33243120 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817999201125205025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
New technologies are currently investigated to improve the quality of foods by enhancing their nutritional value, freshness, safety, and shelf-life, as well as by improving their tastes, flavors and textures. Moreover, new technological approaches are being explored, in this field, to address nutritional and metabolism-related diseases (i.e., obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases), to improve targeted nutrition, in particular for specific lifestyles and elderly population, and to maintain the sustainability of food production. A number of new processes and materials, derived from micro- and nano-technology, have been used to provide answers to many of these needs and offer the possibility to control and manipulate properties of foods and their ingredients at the molecular level. The present review focuses on the importance of micro- and nano-technology in the food and nutritional sector and, in particular, provides an overview of the micro- and nano-materials used for the administration of nutritional constituents essential to maintain and improve health, as well as to prevent the development and complications of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Federica Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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Mauriello E, Ferrari G, Donsì F. Effect of formulation on properties, stability, carvacrol release and antimicrobial activity of carvacrol emulsions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111424. [PMID: 33099148 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The structural design of essential oil emulsions can be exploited to modulate their antimicrobial activity, through the effect that the main formulation parameters (oil phase composition and type of emulsifier) have on the release of encapsulated antimicrobial compounds. In this work, different emulsions containing carvacrol, selected as model essential oil component, were characterized in terms of emulsions size, stability, and carvacrol release and solubilization, determined in Franz cells, and tested for minimum inhibitory and microbicidal concentration against P. fluorescens, S. epidermidis, and S. cerevisiae. The results showed that carvacrol fraction in the oil phase significantly affected oil viscosity, density, and O/W interfacial tension. Carvacrol solubilization in the aqueous phase, in equilibrium with the oil mixture, increased with the concentration of carvacrol in the oil phase and with the presence of an emulsifier/stabilizer in the aqueous phase. However, when encapsulated in emulsions carvacrol solubilization exhibited a weak dependence on carvacrol fraction in oil phase because part of the emulsifier/stabilizer was adsorbed at the O/W interface. Higher carvacrol solubilization was observed for WPM Pickering emulsions, followed by WPI and T80 emulsions. The antimicrobial activity was proportional to carvacrol solubilization, suggesting that emulsion droplets act as micrometric tanks for carvacrol, which is steadily released over time in the aqueous phase. The high carvacrol solubilization in the aqueous phase at higher carvacrol fractions in the oil phase (≥75% w/w) was also responsible for lower T80 and WPI emulsion stability because of coalescence, whereas all WPM emulsions exhibited signs of flocculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Mauriello
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy; ProdAl Scarl, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Francesco Donsì
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy.
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Cacciatore FA, Brandelli A, Malheiros PDS. Combining natural antimicrobials and nanotechnology for disinfecting food surfaces and control microbial biofilm formation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3771-3782. [PMID: 32811167 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1806782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The elimination of microbial surface contaminants is one of the most important steps in Good Manufacturing Practices in order to maintain food safety. This is usually achieved by detergents and chemical sanitizers, although an increased demand exists for the use of natural products for disinfection purposes. Several natural substances present antibacterial activity against the main foodborne pathogens, demonstrating great potential for use in the food industry. Some difficulties such as high volatility, residual taste and/or degradation by exposure to harsh processing conditions have been reported. Nanoparticle encapsulation appears as a strategy to protect bioactive compounds, maintaining their antimicrobial activity and providing controlled release as well. This article presents the potential of natural antimicrobials and their combination with nanotechnological strategies as an alternative for food surface disinfection and prevent microbial biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Ayres Cacciatore
- Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro de Nanociência e Nanotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Rehman A, Jafari SM, Tong Q, Karim A, Mahdi AA, Iqbal MW, Aadil RM, Ali A, Manzoor MF. Role of peppermint oil in improving the oxidative stability and antioxidant capacity of borage seed oil-loaded nanoemulsions fabricated by modified starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:697-707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Miastkowska M, Michalczyk A, Figacz K, Sikora E. Nanoformulations as a modern form of biofungicide. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:119-128. [PMID: 32399225 PMCID: PMC7203301 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to elaborate new forms of biofungicide formulations which could increase biological activity of essential oil against various strains of pathogenic fungi of plants, dermatophytes, and molds. METHODS The nanoemulsions containing four various essential oils (cinnamon, thyme, manuka, and tea tree oil) were obtained by using the low-energy (PIC) and the high-energy emulsification methods (ultrasonification). The physicochemical properties and activity of prepared systems against strains of pathogenic fungi of plants (F. culmorum, Ph. cactorum), dermatophytes (T. mentagrophytes M. gypseum) and molds (S. brevicaulis, A. niger) were examined. Fungicidal activity was tested by the method of linear growth of mycelium on an agar medium. Macroemulsions containing the oils and the pure essential oils were used as comparative samples. RESULTS It was found that nanoemulsions prepared by ultrasonification showed excellent fungicidal activity compared to pure oils and macroemulsions. Among others, the manuka oil nanoformulations showed the highest activity against the tested fungi. CONCLUSIONS Nanoemulsions can be applied as the effective carriers of essential oils. They allow the reduction of the concentration of the bioactive oils while maintaining biological activity. The obtained nanosystems can be applied as safe, biodegradable, eco-friendly antifungal products in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agrochemical industries as they increase the biological activity of the tested oils against various type of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Miastkowska
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Michalczyk
- Lukasiewicz - Research Network-Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Figacz
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Sikora
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland
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Li X, Yang X, Deng H, Guo Y, Xue J. Gelatin films incorporated with thymol nanoemulsions: Physical properties and antimicrobial activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:161-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Abstract
A comparative study is reported on the interfacial properties of a set of surfactants and is discussed in terms of the effects on the features of the corresponding oil-water emulsions. The surfactants are saponin, Tween 80 and citronellol glucoside (CG), while the oil is Miglyol 812N—A Medium Chain Triglyceride (MCT) oil. Due to their high biocompatibility, all these compounds are variously utilized in food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical products. Among the surfactants, which are all soluble in water, CG presents also an important solubility in oil, as shown by the measured partition coefficient. For these systems, dynamic and equilibrium interfacial tensions and dilational viscoelasticity are measured as a function of the surfactant concentration and analyzed according to available adsorption models. In order to compare these results with the time evolution of the corresponding emulsions, the actual surfactant concentration in the matrix phase of the emulsion is accounted for. This may differ significantly from the nominal concentration of the solutions before dispersing them, because of the huge area of droplets available for surfactant adsorption in the emulsion. Using this approach allows the derivation of the correlations between the observed emulsion behavior and the actual surfactant coverage of the droplet interface.
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Physical and antimicrobial properties of neutral nanoemulsions self-assembled from alkaline thyme oil and sodium caseinate mixtures. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:1046-1052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Song G, Wang H, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Wang H, Yu X, Wang J, Shen Q. Real-Time Monitoring of the Oxidation Characteristics of Antarctic Krill Oil ( Euphausia superba) during Storage by Electric Soldering Iron Ionization Mass Spectrometry-Based Lipidomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1457-1467. [PMID: 31931568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antarctic krill oil (AKO) is susceptible to oxidation due to the high unsaturation degree of bioactive substances. Herein, a lipidomics method for in situ monitoring of the dynamic oxidation characteristics in AKO was explored based on electric soldering iron ion source (ESII) coupling with rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS). The lipidomics profiles of AKO at different storage periods were successfully acquired. On the basis of principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares analysis, the obtained REIMS data were employed to build a multivariate recognition model. The ions of m/z 707.50, 721.50, 833.49, and 837.54 contributed the most significant effect on the multivariate data model for the authentication of different AKO samples. Besides, the variation of viscosity, astaxanthin, and volatile compounds were also evaluated to corroborate the oxidation characteristics. The results indicated that the ESII-REIMS technology could be applied as an advanced rapid detection method to secure oil and fat quality during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongshuai Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Anesthesiology , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Mengna Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Honghai Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Xina Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Jie Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Qing Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
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Pavoni L, Perinelli DR, Bonacucina G, Cespi M, Palmieri GF. An Overview of Micro- and Nanoemulsions as Vehicles for Essential Oils: Formulation, Preparation and Stability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E135. [PMID: 31940900 PMCID: PMC7023169 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The interest around essential oils is constantly increasing thanks to their biological properties exploitable in several fields, from pharmaceuticals to food and agriculture. However, their widespread use and marketing are still restricted due to their poor physico-chemical properties; i.e., high volatility, thermal decomposition, low water solubility, and stability issues. At the moment, the most suitable approach to overcome such limitations is based on the development of proper formulation strategies. One of the approaches suggested to achieve this goal is the so-called encapsulation process through the preparation of aqueous nano-dispersions. Among them, micro- and nanoemulsions are the most studied thanks to the ease of formulation, handling and to their manufacturing costs. In this direction, this review intends to offer an overview of the formulation, preparation and stability parameters of micro- and nanoemulsions. Specifically, recent literature has been examined in order to define the most common practices adopted (materials and fabrication methods), highlighting their suitability and effectiveness. Finally, relevant points related to formulations, such as optimization, characterization, stability and safety, not deeply studied or clarified yet, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (L.P.); (D.R.P.); (G.B.); (G.F.P.)
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Nanoscale Delivery System for Nutraceuticals: Preparation, Application, Characterization, Safety, and Future Trends. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-019-09208-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Costa M, Freiría-Gándara J, Losada-Barreiro S, Paiva-Martins F, Bravo-Díaz C. Effects of droplet size on the interfacial concentrations of antioxidants in fish and olive oil-in-water emulsions and nanoemulsions and on their oxidative stability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 562:352-362. [PMID: 31855798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS One fundamental and unsolved question in colloid chemistry, and also in the food industry, is whether molecular distributions, specifically the interfacial concentrations of antioxidants (AOI), are independent of the droplet sizes. Pseudophase kinetic models, widely employed to interpret chemical reactivity in colloidal systems and to determine antioxidant distributions, assume that they are independent. EXPERIMENTS To prove, or discard, the above hypothesis, we prepared and characterized a series of olive and fish oil-in-water nanoemulsions with different droplet sizes, carried out a kinetic study to evaluate their oxidative stability, both in the presence and absence of gallic acid (GA), and determined its interfacial concentrations. FINDINGS Results indicate that a change in the droplet size (80-1300 nm) does not alter the oxidative stability of the nanoemulsions in the absence of GA. Addition of GA increases their oxidative shelf-life and, at constant surfactant volume fraction, ΦI, the oxidative stability and the antioxidant distribution do not depend on the droplet size. Overall, results suggest that the droplet size does not affect the ratio between the rates of radical production and of inhibition by antioxidants, ratio that defines an "efficient" (or inefficient) antioxidant, providing experimental evidence supporting the operative assumption of pseudophase kinetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica. Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Josefa Freiría-Gándara
- Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química - Física, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Sonia Losada-Barreiro
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica. Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química - Física, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Fátima Paiva-Martins
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica. Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Bravo-Díaz
- Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química - Física, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Inhibition of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica Isolates on Spinach Leaf Surfaces Using Eugenol-Loaded Surfactant Micelles. Foods 2019; 8:foods8110575. [PMID: 31731592 PMCID: PMC6915615 DOI: 10.3390/foods8110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinach and other leafy green vegetables have been linked to foodborne disease outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonellaenterica around the globe. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of surfactant micelles formed from the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), SDS micelle-loaded eugenol (1.0% eugenol), 1.0% free eugenol, 200 ppm free chlorine, and sterile water were tested against the human pathogens E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Saintpaul, and naturally occurring microorganisms, on spinach leaf surfaces during storage at 5 °C over 10 days. Spinach samples were immersed in antimicrobial treatment solution for 2.0 min at 25 °C, after which treatment solutions were drained off and samples were either subjected to analysis or prepared for refrigerated storage. Whereas empty SDS micelles produced moderate reductions in counts of both pathogens (2.1–3.2 log10 CFU/cm2), free and micelle-entrapped eugenol treatments reduced pathogens by >5.0 log10 CFU/cm2 to below the limit of detection (<0.5 log10 CFU/cm2). Micelle-loaded eugenol produced the greatest numerical reductions in naturally contaminating aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and fungi, though these reductions did not differ statistically from reductions achieved by un-encapsulated eugenol and 200 ppm chlorine. Micelles-loaded eugenol could be used as a novel antimicrobial technology to decontaminate fresh spinach from microbial pathogens.
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Effect of Nanoemulsification on the Antibacterial and Anti-biofilm Activities of Selected Spice Essential Oils and Their Major Constituents Against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ren K, Lamsal BP, Mendonca A. Stability of Emulsions and Nanoemulsions Stabilized with Biosurfactants, and their Antimicrobial Performance against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2019. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Two novel biosurfactants – surfactin and its variant fatty acyl glutamic acid (FA-glu) – were compared with two commercial emulsifiers – lecithin, and a mixture of Tween 80 and lauric „arginate (TLA) – for formation and stability of emulsions and nano„emulsions containing cinnamaldehyde (CM). The nano„emulsions’/emulsions’ antimicrobial performance against two common foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes was also compared. Two emulsifier concentrations (0.5% w/w and 1% w/w) and two homogenizing pressures (62.05 MPa and 124.10 MPa) were compared for emulsions droplet stability during storage for 46 days at 4°C, 25°C, and 37°C. Surfactin, FA-glu, and TLA resulted in formation of nanoemulsions at both concentrations, but lecithin did not. Droplet sizes did not change significantly during 38 days at stored temperatures for surfactin- and TLA- stabilized nano„emulsions. However, FA-glu and lecithin stabilized emulsions coalesced after Day 13 at 37°C; also, FA-glu stabilized emulsion thickened on the 38th day at 4°C. The incorporation of CM in nanoemulsions or emulsions did not lower the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for two bacteria tested in broths. However, the CM nanoemulsions and emulsions showed enhanced effects in inhibiting bacterial growths at concentrations lower than MICs compared to non-emulfied CM, with more inhibition from nanoemulsions.
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Green Micro- and Nanoemulsions for Managing Parasites, Vectors and Pests. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091285. [PMID: 31505756 PMCID: PMC6781030 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The management of parasites, insect pests and vectors requests development of novel, effective and eco-friendly tools. The development of resistance towards many drugs and pesticides pushed scientists to look for novel bioactive compounds endowed with multiple modes of action, and with no risk to human health and environment. Several natural products are used as alternative/complementary approaches to manage parasites, insect pests and vectors due to their high efficacy and often limited non-target toxicity. Their encapsulation into nanosystems helps overcome some hurdles related to their physicochemical properties, for instance limited stability and handling, enhancing the overall efficacy. Among different nanosystems, micro- and nanoemulsions are easy-to-use systems in terms of preparation and industrial scale-up. Different reports support their efficacy against parasites of medical importance, including Leishmania, Plasmodium and Trypanosoma as well as agricultural and stored product insect pests and vectors of human diseases, such as Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. Overall, micro- and nanoemulsions are valid options for developing promising eco-friendly tools in pest and vector management, pending proper field validation. Future research on the improvement of technical aspects as well as chronic toxicity experiments on non-target species is needed.
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Improvement of antimicrobial activity of sago starch/guar gum bi-phasic edible films by incorporating carvacrol and citral. Food Packag Shelf Life 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Impact of ripening inhibitors on molecular transport of antimicrobial components from essential oil nanoemulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 556:568-576. [PMID: 31479830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to provide insights into the mechanisms involved in the mass transport of antimicrobial compounds from essential oil nanoemulsions to bacterial cell membranes. Origanum oil-in-water nanoemulsions were produced using spontaneous emulsification by titrating a mixture of essential oil, ripening inhibitor, and surfactant (Tween 80) into 5 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 3.5). Stable nanoemulsions containing relatively small droplets (d < 60 nm) were produced using this low-energy method. The nature of the ripening inhibitor used in the oil phase of the nanoemulsions affected the antimicrobial activity of the nanoemulsions: corn (LCT) > medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). Differences in antimicrobial activity were attributed to the differences in the rate of transfer of hydrophobic antimicrobial constituents from the nanoemulsion to the MCT emulsion, which was used to mimic the hydrophobic region of the bacterial cell membranes. Each antimicrobial nanoemulsion was separated from the MCT emulsion by a dialysis tubing. Dialysis tubing with two different pore sizes was used, one excluding nanoemulsion droplet and micelle delivery, allowing the delivery of antimicrobial compounds only through the aqueous phase and the other by both the aqueous phase and micelles. For origanum oil nanoemulsions, the delivery of all antimicrobial agents occurred more efficiently when micelles were present.
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Sedaghat Doost A, Stevens CV, Claeys M, Van Der Meeren P. Fundamental Study on the Salt Tolerance of Oregano Essential Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsions Containing Tween 80. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10572-10581. [PMID: 31310554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study provides fundamental information about the influence of salt on the physicochemical stability of oregano essential oil (EO) and its main components incorporated in a nanoemulsion delivery system containing Tween 80 (T80) emulsifier. The emulsion stability was found to be strongly correlated with the lipid phase composition and the type of salts. The oregano essential oil nanoemulsions remained stable for several weeks in the absence of salts. Moreover, they were insensitive to tetrabutylammonium bromide, whereas similar to carvacrol emulsions, they exhibited a rapid phase separation and oiling-off in the presence of sodium chloride. On the other hand, high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) and p-cymene emulsions remained stable in the presence of NaCl. Addition of 70 and 80% HOSO to the lipid phase of oregano EO and carvacrol, respectively, was found to be sufficient for the formation of emulsions with a high stability to 1.7 M NaCl. Hereby, the morphology of the oregano EO emulsions after 30 days of storage in the presence of NaCl was visualized using a transmission electron microscope. The determination of the surface load and area per surfactant molecule by interfacial tension (IFT) measurements and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation revealed the dehydration of the polyoxyethylene groups of T80 in the presence of salt. The thickness of the T80 adsorbed layer onto solid hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the presence of sodium chloride. It is hypothesized that a combination of Ostwald ripening and coalescence due to an IFT increase and dehydration was responsible for the instability of the emulsions containing the more polar oregano EO and carvacrol in the presence of salt. The results obtained in this study could be useful for the formulation of essential oil nanoemulsions in the presence of salts applicable in food, pharmaceutical, and personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Myriam Claeys
- Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology , Ghent University , K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 , 9000 Gent , Belgium
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Gao S, Decker EA, McClements DJ. Molecular exchange processes in mixed oil-in-water nanoemulsions: Impact on droplet size and composition. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Velderrain-Rodríguez GR, Acevedo-Fani A, González-Aguilar GA, Martín-Belloso O. Encapsulation and stability of a phenolic-rich extract from mango peel within water-in-oil-in-water emulsions. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Effectiveness of nanoemulsions of clove and lemongrass essential oils and their major components against Escherichia coli and Botrytis cinerea. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:2721-2736. [PMID: 31168154 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions exhibit a number of advantages to carry and deliver lipophilic compounds such as essential oils (EOs) due to their good stability and high surface area per volume unit. The purpose of this work was to assess the long-term stability of nanoemulsions of clove and lemongrass (LG) EOs and their principal components eugenol and citral (CI), respectively, at 3 different concentrations (2, 5 or 10 times their respective minimum inhibitory concentrations) and at two storage temperatures (1 °C and 21 °C). The initial droplet size of LG and CI-loaded nanoemulsions was below 100 nm and most of them kept droplet sizes in the nano-range until the end of storage at both temperatures. The ζ-potential was lower than - 40 mV, but it increased through storage, indicating a weaker alginate adsorption at the oil surface at both temperatures. The antimicrobial activity increased with the EOs concentration and was negatively affected by the highest storage temperature. Nanoemulsions containing CI and LG were able to significantly decrease Escherichia coli counts during storage, particularly at 1 °C. Nanoemulsions containing 1.0 and 2.0% w/w CI and 2.5% w/w LG were the most efficient in reducing Botrytis cinerea growth through storage, mainly at 1 °C. The nanoemulsions containing 1.0 and 2.0% w/w CI, as well as, 1.25 and 2.5% w/w LG better maintained their stability and antimicrobial effect along 6-months storage mainly when at 1 °C, making those nanoemulsions suitable as edible coatings for food preservation. Future studies should be oriented to evaluate the impact of these nanoemulsions on the organoleptic properties of coated foods and their potential toxicity.
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