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Li A, Sasaki JI, Abe GL, Katata C, Sakai H, Imazato S. Vascularization of a Bone Organoid Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:5367887. [PMID: 37200632 PMCID: PMC10188257 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5367887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone organoids offer a novel path for the reconstruction and repair of bone defects. We previously fabricated scaffold-free bone organoids using cell constructs comprising only bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, the cells in the millimetre-scale constructs were likely to undergo necrosis because of difficult oxygen diffusion and nutrient delivery. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are capable of differentiating into vascular endothelial lineages and have great vasculogenic potential under endothelial induction. Therefore, we hypothesized that DPSCs can serve as a vascular source to improve the survival of the BMSCs within the bone organoid. In this study, the DPSCs had greater sprouting ability, and the proangiogenic marker expressions were significantly greater than those of BMSCs. DPSCs were incorporated into the BMSC constructs at various ratios (5%-20%), and their internal structures and vasculogenic and osteogenic characteristics were investigated after endothelial differentiation. As a result, the DPSCs are differentiated into the CD31-positive endothelial lineage in the cell constructs. The incorporation of DPSCs significantly suppressed cell necrosis and improved the viability of the cell constructs. In addition, lumen-like structures were visualized by fluorescently labelled nanoparticles in the DPSC-incorporated cell constructs. The vascularized BMSC constructs were successfully fabricated using the vasculogenic ability of the DPSCs. Next, osteogenic induction was initiated in the vascularized BMSC/DPSC constructs. Compared with only BMSCs, constructs with DPSCs had increased mineralized deposition and a hollow structure. Overall, this study demonstrated that vascularized scaffold-free bone organoids were successfully fabricated by incorporating DPSCs into BMSC constructs, and the biomimetic biomaterial is promising for bone regenerative medicine and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aonan Li
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gabriela L. Abe
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Katata
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Sakai
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Nadine S, Fernandes IJ, Correia CR, Mano JF. Close-to-native bone repair via tissue-engineered endochondral ossification approaches. iScience 2022; 25:105370. [PMID: 36339269 PMCID: PMC9626746 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to solve the clinical challenges related to bone grafting, several tissue engineering (TE) strategies have been proposed to repair critical-sized defects. Generally, the classical TE approaches are designed to promote bone repair via intramembranous ossification. Although promising, strategies that direct the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells are usually characterized by a lack of functional vascular supply, often resulting in necrotic cores. A less explored alternative is engineering bone constructs through a cartilage-mediated approach, resembling the embryological process of endochondral ossification. The remodeling of an intermediary hypertrophic cartilaginous template triggers vascular invasion and bone tissue deposition. Thus, employing this knowledge can be a promising direction for the next generation of bone TE constructs. This review highlights the most recent biomimetic strategies for applying endochondral ossification in bone TE while discussing the plethora of cell types, culture conditions, and biomaterials essential to promote a successful bone regeneration process.
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Dalisson B, Charbonnier B, Aoude A, Gilardino M, Harvey E, Makhoul N, Barralet J. Skeletal regeneration for segmental bone loss: Vascularised grafts, analogues and surrogates. Acta Biomater 2021; 136:37-55. [PMID: 34626818 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Massive segmental bone defects (SBD) are mostly treated by removing the fibula and transplanting it complete with blood supply. While revolutionary 50 years ago, this remains the standard treatment. This review considers different strategies to repair SBD and emerging potential replacements for this highly invasive procedure. Prior to the technical breakthrough of microsurgery, researchers in the 1960s and 1970s had begun to make considerable progress in developing non autologous routes to repairing SBD. While the breaktthrough of vascularised bone transplantation solved the immediate problem of a lack of reliable repair strategies, much of their prior work is still relevant today. We challenge the assumption that mimicry is necessary or likely to be successful and instead point to the utility of quite crude (from a materials technology perspective), approaches. Together there are quite compelling indications that the body can regenerate entire bone segments with few or no exogenous factors. This is important, as there is a limit to how expensive a bone repair can be and still be widely available to all patients since cost restraints within healthcare systems are not likely to diminish in the near future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review is significant because it is a multidisciplinary view of several surgeons and scientists as to what is driving improvement in segmental bone defect repair, why many approaches to date have not succeeded and why some quite basic approaches can be as effective as they are. While there are many reviews of the literature of grafting and bone repair the relative lack of substantial improvement and slow rate of progress in clinical translation is often overlooked and we seek to challenge the reader to consider the issue more broadly.
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Fracture Healing Research-Shift towards In Vitro Modeling? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070748. [PMID: 34203470 PMCID: PMC8301383 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractures are one of the most frequently occurring traumatic events worldwide. Approximately 10% of fractures lead to bone healing disorders, resulting in strain for affected patients and enormous costs for society. In order to shed light into underlying mechanisms of bone regeneration (habitual or disturbed), and to develop new therapeutic strategies, various in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro models can be applied. Undeniably, in vivo models include the systemic and biological situation. However, transferability towards the human patient along with ethical concerns regarding in vivo models have to be considered. Fostered by enormous technical improvements, such as bioreactors, on-a-chip-technologies and bone tissue engineering, sophisticated in vitro models are of rising interest. These models offer the possibility to use human cells from individual donors, complex cell systems and 3D models, therefore bridging the transferability gap, providing a platform for the introduction of personalized precision medicine and finally sparing animals. Facing diverse processes during fracture healing and thus various scientific opportunities, the reliability of results oftentimes depends on the choice of an appropriate model. Hence, we here focus on categorizing available models with respect to the requirements of the scientific approach.
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Sasaki JI, Abe GL, Li A, Thongthai P, Tsuboi R, Kohno T, Imazato S. Barrier membranes for tissue regeneration in dentistry. Biomater Investig Dent 2021; 8:54-63. [PMID: 34104896 PMCID: PMC8158285 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2021.1925556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In dentistry, barrier membranes are used for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR). Various membranes are commercially available and extensive research and development of novel membranes have been conducted. In general, membranes are required to provide barrier function, biosafety, biocompatibility and appropriate mechanical properties. In addition, membranes are expected to be bioactive to promote tissue regeneration. Objectives: This review aims to organize the fundamental characteristics of the barrier membranes that are available and studied for dentistry, based on their components. Results: The principal components of barrier membranes are divided into nonbiodegradable and biodegradable materials. Nonbiodegradable membranes are manufactured from synthetic polymers, metals or composites of these materials. The first reported barrier membrane was made from expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE). Titanium has also been applied for dental regenerative therapy and shows favorable barrier function. Biodegradable membranes are mainly made from natural and synthetic polymers. Collagens are popular materials that are processed for clinical use by cross-linking. Aliphatic polyesters and their copolymers have been relatively recently introduced into GTR and GBR treatments. In addition, to improve the tissue regenerative function and mechanical strength of biodegradable membranes, inorganic materials such as calcium phosphate and bioactive glass have been incorporated at the research stage. Conclusions: Currently, there are still insufficient guidelines for barrier membrane choice in GTR and GBR, therefore dentists are required to understand the characteristics of barrier membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Gabriela L. Abe
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Aonan Li
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Pasiree Thongthai
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Ririko Tsuboi
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kohno
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
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Hara ES, Okada M, Nagaoka N, Nakano T, Matsumoto T. Re-Evaluation of Initial Bone Mineralization from an Engineering Perspective. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:246-255. [PMID: 33573463 PMCID: PMC8892978 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone regeneration was one of the earliest fields to develop in the context of tissue regeneration, and currently, repair of small-sized bone defects has reached a high success rate. Future researches are expected to incorporate more advanced techniques toward achieving rapid bone repair and modulation of the regenerated bone quality. For these purposes, it is important to have a more integrative understanding of the mechanisms of bone formation and maturation from multiple perspectives and to incorporate these new concepts into the development and designing of novel materials and techniques for bone regeneration. This review focuses on the analysis of the earliest stages of bone tissue development from the biology, material science, and engineering perspectives for a more integrative understanding of bone formation and maturation, and for the development of novel biology-based engineering approaches for tissue synthesis in vitro. More specifically, the authors describe the systematic methodology that allowed the understanding of the different nucleation sites in intramembranous and endochondral ossification, the space-making process for mineral formation and growth, as well as the process of apatite crystal cluster growth in vivo in the presence of suppressing biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Satoshi Hara
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okada
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagaoka
- Advanced Research Center for Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Sasaki JI, Abe GL, Li A, Matsumoto T, Imazato S. Large three-dimensional cell constructs for tissue engineering. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 22:571-582. [PMID: 34408551 PMCID: PMC8366663 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1945899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Much research has been conducted on fabricating biomimetic biomaterials in vitro. Tissue engineering approaches are often conducted by combining cells, scaffolds, and growth factors. However, the degradation rate of scaffolds is difficult to control and the degradation byproducts occasionally limit tissue regeneration. To overcome these issues, we have developed a novel system using a thermo-responsive hydrogel that forms scaffold-free, three-dimensional (3D) cell constructs with arbitrary size and morphology. 3D cell constructs prepared using bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells (BMSCs) exhibited self-organizing ability and formed bone-like tissue with endochondral ossification. Endothelial cells were then introduced into the BMSC construct and a vessel-like structure was formed within the constructs. Additionally, the bone formation ability was promoted by endothelial cells and cell constructs could be freeze-dried to improve their clinical application. A pre-treatment with specific protein protectant allowed for the fabrication of novel bone substitutes composed only of cells. This 3D cell construct technology using thermo-responsive hydrogels was then applied to other cell species. Cell constructs composed of dental pulp stem cells were fabricated, and the resulting construct regenerated pulp-like tissue within a human pulpless tooth. In this review, we demonstrate the approaches for the in vitro fabrication of bone and dental pulp-like tissue using thermo-responsive hydrogels and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Gabriela L Abe
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Aonan Li
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
- CONTACT Satoshi Imazato Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Akhter MN, Hara ES, Kadoya K, Okada M, Matsumoto T. Cellular Fragments as Biomaterial for Rapid In Vitro Bone-Like Tissue Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5327. [PMID: 32727114 PMCID: PMC7432235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current stem cell-based techniques for bone-like tissue synthesis require at least two to three weeks. Therefore, novel techniques to promote rapid 3D bone-like tissue synthesis in vitro are still required. In this study, we explored the concept of using cell nanofragments as a substrate material to promote rapid bone formation in vitro. The methods for cell nanofragment fabrication were ultrasonication (30 s and 3 min), non-ionic detergent (triton 0.1% and 1%), or freeze-dried powder. The results showed that ultrasonication for 3 min allowed the fabrication of homogeneous nanofragments of less than 150 nm in length, which mineralized surprisingly in just one day, faster than the fragments obtained from all other methods. Further optimization of culture conditions indicated that a concentration of 10 mM or 100 mM of β-glycerophosphate enhanced, whereas fetal bovine serum (FBS) inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner, the mineralization of the cell nanofragments. Finally, a 3D collagen-cell nanofragment-mineral complex mimicking a bone-like structure was generated in just two days by combining the cell nanofragments in collagen gel. In conclusion, sonication for three min could be applied as a novel method to fabricate cell nanofragments of less than 150 nm in length, which can be used as a material for in vitro bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Nahid Akhter
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama-ken 700-8558, Japan
| | - Emilio Satoshi Hara
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama-ken 700-8558, Japan
| | - Koichi Kadoya
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama-ken 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okada
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama-ken 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama-ken 700-8558, Japan
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Udomluck N, Kim SH, Cho H, Park JY, Park H. Three-dimensional cartilage tissue regeneration system harnessing goblet-shaped microwells containing biocompatible hydrogel. Biofabrication 2019; 12:015019. [PMID: 31783391 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab5d3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of stem cells into chondrocytes has been studied for the engineering of cartilage tissue. However, stem cells cultured two-dimensionally have limited ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, which led to the development of three-dimensional culture systems. A recently developed microtechnological method uses microwells as a tool to form uniformly sized spheroids. In this study, we fabricated an array (10 × 10) of goblet-shaped microwells based on polydimethylsiloxane for spheroid culture. A central processing unit (CPU) was used to form holes, and metallic beads were used to form hemispherical microwell geometry. The holes were filled with Pluronic F-127 to prevent cells from sinking through the holes and allowing the cells to form spheroids. Viability and chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells were assessed. The fabrication method using a micro-pin mold and metallic beads is easy and cost-effective. Our three-dimensional spheroid culture system optimizes the efficient differentiation of cells and has various applications, such as drug delivery, cell therapy, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopphadol Udomluck
- School of Integrative Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Conrad B, Hayashi C, Yang F. Gelatin-Based Microribbon Hydrogels Guided Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Undergo Endochondral Ossification In Vivo with Bone-Mimicking Mechanical Strength. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Sasaki J, Yoshimoto I, Katata C, Tsuboi R, Imazato S. Freeze‐dry processing of three‐dimensional cell constructs for bone graft materials. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:958-964. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Biomaterials ScienceOsaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka Japan
| | - Itsumi Yoshimoto
- Department of Biomaterials ScienceOsaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka Japan
| | - Chihiro Katata
- Department of Biomaterials ScienceOsaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka Japan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and EndodontologyOsaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka Japan
| | - Ririko Tsuboi
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials ScienceOsaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka Japan
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Biomaterials ScienceOsaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka Japan
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials ScienceOsaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka Japan
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Shih YV, Varghese S. Tissue engineered bone mimetics to study bone disorders ex vivo: Role of bioinspired materials. Biomaterials 2019; 198:107-121. [PMID: 29903640 PMCID: PMC6281816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in materials development and tissue engineering has resulted in a substantial number of bioinspired materials that recapitulate cardinal features of bone extracellular matrix (ECM) such as dynamic inorganic and organic environment(s), hierarchical organization, and topographical features. Bone mimicking materials, as defined by its self-explanatory term, are developed based on the current understandings of the natural bone ECM during development, remodeling, and fracture repair. Compared to conventional plastic cultures, biomaterials that resemble some aspects of the native environment could elicit a more natural molecular and cellular response relevant to the bone tissue. Although current bioinspired materials are mainly developed to assist tissue repair or engineer bone tissues, such materials could nevertheless be applied to model various skeletal diseases in vitro. This review summarizes the use of bioinspired materials for bone tissue engineering, and their potential to model diseases of bone development and remodeling ex vivo. We largely focus on biomaterials, designed to re-create different aspects of the chemical and physical cues of native bone ECM. Employing these bone-inspired materials and tissue engineered bone surrogates to study bone diseases has tremendous potential and will provide a closer portrayal of disease progression and maintenance, both at the cellular and tissue level. We also briefly touch upon the application of patient-derived stem cells and introduce emerging technologies such as organ-on-chip in disease modeling. Faithful recapitulation of disease pathologies will not only offer novel insights into diseases, but also lead to enabling technologies for drug discovery and new approaches for cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Vernon Shih
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Sasaki JI, Katata C, Abe GL, Matsumoto T, Imazato S. Fabricating large-scale three-dimensional constructs with living cells by processing with syringe needles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:904-909. [PMID: 30663860 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell constructs composed only of cells and cell-secreted extracellular matrix have been attractive biomaterials for tissue engineering technology; however, controlling construct morphology and eliminating dead cells after fabrication remain a challenge. It has been hypothesized that moderate stress could shape constructs and eliminate dead cells. The purpose of this study was to establish an easily available technology for shaping 3D cell constructs and eliminating dead cells postfabrication. To achieve these objectives, spherical cell constructs composed of L-929 fibroblasts were processed using different sized syringe needles. Our results revealed that large-scale rod-shaped cell constructs could be fabricated, and that their diameters could be controlled according to the size of the syringe needle. Additionally, cell viability assays showed that >94% of cells in the rod-shaped constructs were viable, suggesting that dead cells, which have low adhesion force, were dispersed when compressive stress was applied during passage through the needle. The technology described in this study will be promising for future tissue engineering, especially for fabricating elongated tissues such as nerves and blood vessels. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 904-909, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chihiro Katata
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gabriela L Abe
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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14
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Hara ES, Okada M, Nagaoka N, Hattori T, Iida LM, Kuboki T, Nakano T, Matsumoto T. Chondrocyte burst promotes space for mineral expansion. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 10:57-66. [PMID: 29334399 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00130d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of tissue development from multidisciplinary approaches can result in more integrative biological findings, and can eventually allow the development of more effective bioengineering methods. In this study, we analyzed the initial steps of mineral formation during secondary ossification of mouse femur based on biological and bioengineering approaches. We first found that some chondrocytes burst near the mineralized area. External factors that could trigger chondrocyte burst were then investigated. Chondrocyte burst was shown to be modulated by mechanical and osmotic pressure. A hypotonic solution, as well as mechanical stress, significantly induced chondrocyte burst. We further hypothesized that chondrocyte burst could be associated with space-making for mineral expansion. In fact, ex vivo culture of femur epiphysis in hypotonic conditions, or under mechanical pressure, enhanced mineral formation, compared to normal culture conditions. Additionally, the effect of mechanical pressure on bone formation in vivo was investigated by immobilization of mouse lower limbs to decrease the body pressure onto the joints. The results showed that limb immobilization suppressed bone formation. Together, these results suggest chondrocyte burst as a novel fate of chondrocytes, and that manipulation of chondrocyte burst with external mechano-chemical stimuli could be an additional approach for cartilage and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Satoshi Hara
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama-ken, 700-8525, Okayama, Japan.
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Scheinpflug J, Pfeiffenberger M, Damerau A, Schwarz F, Textor M, Lang A, Schulze F. Journey into Bone Models: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E247. [PMID: 29748516 PMCID: PMC5977187 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a complex tissue with a variety of functions, such as providing mechanical stability for locomotion, protection of the inner organs, mineral homeostasis and haematopoiesis. To fulfil these diverse roles in the human body, bone consists of a multitude of different cells and an extracellular matrix that is mechanically stable, yet flexible at the same time. Unlike most tissues, bone is under constant renewal facilitated by a coordinated interaction of bone-forming and bone-resorbing cells. It is thus challenging to recreate bone in its complexity in vitro and most current models rather focus on certain aspects of bone biology that are of relevance for the research question addressed. In addition, animal models are still regarded as the gold-standard in the context of bone biology and pathology, especially for the development of novel treatment strategies. However, species-specific differences impede the translation of findings from animal models to humans. The current review summarizes and discusses the latest developments in bone tissue engineering and organoid culture including suitable cell sources, extracellular matrices and microfluidic bioreactor systems. With available technology in mind, a best possible bone model will be hypothesized. Furthermore, the future need and application of such a complex model will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Scheinpflug
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R),10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Moritz Pfeiffenberger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Damerau
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Franziska Schwarz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R),10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Textor
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R),10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Annemarie Lang
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frank Schulze
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R),10589 Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Itoh Y, Sasaki JI, Hashimoto M, Katata C, Hayashi M, Imazato S. Pulp Regeneration by 3-dimensional Dental Pulp Stem Cell Constructs. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1137-1143. [PMID: 29702010 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518772260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp regeneration therapy for the pulpless tooth has attracted recent attention, and clinical trial studies are underway with the tissue engineering approach. However, there remain many concerns, including the extended period for regenerating the dental pulp. In addition, the use of scaffolds increases the risk of inflammation and infection. To establish a basic technology for novel dental pulp regenerative therapy that allows transplant of pulp-like tissue, we attempted to fabricate scaffold-free 3-dimensional (3D) cell constructs composed of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Furthermore, we assessed viability of these 3D DPSC constructs for dental pulp regeneration through in vitro and in vivo studies. For the in vitro study, we obtained 3D DPSC constructs by shaping sheet-like aggregates of DPSCs with a thermoresponsive hydrogel. DPSCs within constructs remained viable even after prolonged culture; furthermore, 3D DPSC constructs possessed a self-organization ability necessary to serve as a transplant tissue. For the in vivo study, we filled the human tooth root canal with DPSC constructs and implanted it subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. We found that pulp-like tissues with rich blood vessels were formed within the human root canal 6 wk after implantation. Histologic analyses revealed that transplanted DPSCs differentiated into odontoblast-like mineralizing cells at sites in contact with dentin; furthermore, human CD31-positive endothelial cells were found at the center of regenerated tissue. Thus, the self-organizing ability of 3D DPSC constructs was active within the pulpless root canal in vivo. In addition, blood vessel-rich pulp-like tissues can be formed with DPSCs without requiring scaffolds or growth factors. The technology established in this study allows us to prepare DPSC constructs with variable sizes and shapes; therefore, transplantation of DPSC constructs shows promise for regeneration of pulpal tissue in the pulpless tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Itoh
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.,2 Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - J I Sasaki
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Hashimoto
- 3 Institute of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
| | - C Katata
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.,2 Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Hayashi
- 2 Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Imazato
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Hara ES, Okada M, Nagaoka N, Hattori T, Kuboki T, Nakano T, Matsumoto T. Bioinspired Mineralization Using Chondrocyte Membrane Nanofragments. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:617-625. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division
of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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18
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Takeshita K, Motoike S, Kajiya M, Komatsu N, Takewaki M, Ouhara K, Iwata T, Takeda K, Mizuno N, Fujita T, Kurihara H. Xenotransplantation of interferon-gamma-pretreated clumps of a human mesenchymal stem cell/extracellular matrix complex induces mouse calvarial bone regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:101. [PMID: 28446226 PMCID: PMC5406942 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0550-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Three-dimensional cultured clumps of a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)/extracellular matrix (ECM) complex (C-MSC) consists of cells and self-produced ECM. C-MSC can regulate the cellular function in vitro and induce successful bone regeneration using ECM as a cell scaffold. Potentiating the immunomodulatory capacity of C-MSCs, which can ameliorate the allo-specific immune response, may be helpful in developing beneficial “off-the-shelf” cell therapy for tissue regeneration. It is well reported that interferon (IFN)-γ stimulates the immunosuppressive properties of MSC via upregulation of the immunomodulatory enzyme IDO. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of IFN-γ on the immunomodulatory capacity of C-MSC in vitro and to test the bone regenerative activity of C-MSC or IFN-γ-pretreated C-MSC (C-MSCγ) xenografts in a mice calvarial defect model. Methods Human bone marrow-derived MSCs were seeded at a density of 2.0 × 105 cells/well into 24-well plates and cultured with growth medium supplemented with 50 μg/mL L-ascorbic acid for 4 days. To obtain C-MSC, confluent cells that had formed on the cellular sheet were scratched using a micropipette tip and were then torn off. The cellular sheet was rolled to make a round clump of cells. C-MSC was stimulated with IFN-γ and IDO expression, immunosuppressive capacity, and immunophenotype were evaluated in vitro. Moreover, C-MSC or C-MSCγ was xenotransplanted into immunocompetent or immunodeficient mice calvarial defect models without artificial scaffold, respectively. Results IFN-γ stimulated IDO expression in C-MSC. C-MSCγ, but not C-MSC, attenuated CD3/CD28-induced T cell proliferation and its suppressive effect was reversed by an IDO inhibitor. C-MSCγ showed upregulation of HLA-DR expression, but its co-stimulatory molecule, CD86, was not detected. Xenotransplantation of C-MSCγ into immunocompetent mice calvarial defect induced bone regeneration, whereas C-MSC xenograft failed and induced T cell infiltration in the grafted area. On the other hand, both C-MSC and C-MSCγ xenotransplantation into immunodeficient mice caused bone regeneration. Conclusions Xenotransplantation of C-MSCγ, which exerts immunomodulatory properties via the upregulation of IDO activity in vitro, may attenuate xenoreactive host immune response, and thereby induce bone regeneration in mice. Accordingly, C-MSCγ may constitute a promising novel allograft cell therapy for bone regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0550-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takeshita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Souta Motoike
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Nao Komatsu
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Manabu Takewaki
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Iwata
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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19
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Yates CC, Nuschke A, Rodrigues M, Whaley D, Dechant JJ, Taylor DP, Wells A. Improved Transplanted Stem Cell Survival in a Polymer Gel Supplemented With Tenascin C Accelerates Healing and Reduces Scarring of Murine Skin Wounds. Cell Transplant 2016; 26:103-113. [PMID: 27452449 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x692249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remain of great interest in regenerative medicine because of their ability to home to sites of injury, differentiate into a variety of relevant lineages, and modulate inflammation and angiogenesis through paracrine activity. Many studies have found that despite the promise of MSC therapy, cell survival upon implant is highly limited and greatly reduces the therapeutic utility of MSCs. The matrikine tenascin C, a protein expressed often at the edges of a healing wound, contains unique EGF-like repeats that are able to bind EGFR at low affinities and induce downstream prosurvival signaling without inducing receptor internalization. In this study, we utilized tenascin C in a collagen/GAG-based polymer (TPolymer) that has been shown to be beneficial for skin wound healing, incorporating human MSCs into the polymer prior to application to mouse punch biopsy wound beds. We found that the TPolymer was able to promote MSC survival for 21 days in vivo, leading to associated improvements in wound healing such as dermal maturation and collagen content. This was most marked in a model of hypertrophic scarring, in which the scar formation was limited. This approach also reduced the inflammatory response in the wound bed, limiting CD3e+ cell invasion by approximately 50% in the early wound-healing process, while increasing the numbers of endothelial cells during the first week of wound healing as well. Ultimately, this matrikine-based approach to improving MSC survival may be of great use across a variety of cell therapies utilizing matrices as delivery vehicles for cells.
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20
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Mao AS, Shin JW, Mooney DJ. Effects of substrate stiffness and cell-cell contact on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Biomaterials 2016; 98:184-91. [PMID: 27203745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the microenvironment and direct contact-mediated cell-cell interactions are two variables known to be important in the determination of stem cell differentiation fate, but little is known about the interplay of these cues. Here, we use a micropatterning approach on polyacrylamide gels of tunable stiffnesses to study how homotypic cell-cell contacts and mechanical stiffness affect different stages of osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Nuclear localization of transcription factors associated with osteogenesis depended on substrate stiffness and was independent of the degree of cell-cell contact. However, expression of alkaline phosphatase, an early protein marker for osteogenesis, increased only in cells with both direct contact with neighboring cells and adhesion to stiffer substrates. Finally, mature osteogenesis, as assessed by calcium deposition, was low in micropatterned cells, even on stiff substrates and in multicellular clusters. These results indicate that substrate stiffness and the presence of neighboring cells regulate osteogenesis in MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo S Mao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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21
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Ikeda A, Taketa H, Sathi GA, Hirano Y, Iida S, Matsumoto T. Functional peptide KP24 enhances submandibular gland tissue growth in vitro. Regen Ther 2016; 3:108-113. [PMID: 31245481 PMCID: PMC6581832 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Salivary gland hypofunction, also known as xerostomia, occurs as a result of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, autoimmune diseases, or aging. Xerostomia leads to oral health problems and thus affects the quality of life. Biological salivary gland tissue generated in vitro would provide an alternative mode of treatment for this disease. Methods To develop a novel method for modulating salivary gland tissue growth in vitro, we prepared a KP24 peptide-immobilized hydrogel sheet, wherein the peptide comprised repeating proline and lysine sequences, and evaluated the effect of this peptide on salivary gland tissue growth. Results We found that the KP24 peptide has the potential to enhance glandular tissue growth in vitro. This enhancement is associated with neurite outgrowth and increasing neural innervation. Conclusion KP24 peptide modified material would be a promising material for the modulation of salivary gland tissue growth in vitro. KP24 immobilized hydrogel enhanced the growth of submandibular gland tissue in vitro. KP24 immobilized hydrogel is related to the neuronal innervasion and neurite outgrowth in growing submandibular gland tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ikeda
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Taketa
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Gulsan Ara Sathi
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hirano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-1 Yamate, Suita 564-8680, Japan
| | - Seiji Iida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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22
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Scaffold-Free Fabrication of Osteoinductive Cellular Constructs Using Mouse Gingiva-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6240794. [PMID: 27110251 PMCID: PMC4826709 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6240794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell constructs are expected to provide osteoinductive materials to develop cell-based therapies for bone regeneration. The proliferation and spontaneous aggregation capability of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) thus prompted us to fabricate a scaffold-free iPSC construct as a transplantation vehicle. Embryoid bodies of mouse gingival fibroblast-derived iPSCs (GF-iPSCs) were seeded in a cell chamber with a round-bottom well made of a thermoresponsive hydrogel. Collected ball-like cell constructs were cultured in osteogenic induction medium for 30 days with gentle shaking, resulting in significant upregulation of osteogenic marker genes. The constructs consisted of an inner region of unstructured cell mass and an outer osseous tissue region that was surrounded by osteoblast progenitor-like cells. The outer osseous tissue was robustly calcified with elemental calcium and phosphorous as well as hydroxyapatite. Subcutaneous transplantation of the GF-iPSC constructs into immunodeficient mice contributed to extensive ectopic bone formation surrounded by teratoma tissue. These results suggest that mouse GF-iPSCs could facilitate the fabrication of osteoinductive scaffold-free 3D cell constructs, in which the calcified regions and surrounding osteoblasts may function as scaffolds and drivers of osteoinduction, respectively. With incorporation of technologies to inhibit teratoma formation, this system could provide a promising strategy for bone regenerative therapies.
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23
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Eisenstein NM, Cox SC, Williams RL, Stapley SA, Grover LM. Bedside, Benchtop, and Bioengineering: Physicochemical Imaging Techniques in Biomineralization. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:507-28. [PMID: 26789418 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The need to quantify physicochemical properties of mineralization spans many fields. Clinicians, mineralization researchers, and bone tissue bioengineers need to be able to measure the distribution, quantity, and the mechanical and chemical properties of mineralization within a wide variety of substrates from injured muscle to electrospun polymer scaffolds and everything in between. The techniques available to measure these properties are highly diverse in terms of their complexity and utility. Therefore it is of the utmost importance that those who intend to use them have a clear understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of each technique and its appropriateness to their specific application. This review provides all of this information for each technique and uses heterotopic ossification and engineered bone substitutes as examples to illustrate how these techniques have been applied. In addition, we provide novel data using advanced techniques to analyze human samples of combat related heterotopic ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M. Eisenstein
- Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston B15 2TT UK
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine; ICT Centre; Vincent Drive; Edgbaston B15 2SQ UK
| | - Sophie C. Cox
- Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston B15 2TT UK
| | | | - Sarah A. Stapley
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine; ICT Centre; Vincent Drive; Edgbaston B15 2SQ UK
| | - Liam M. Grover
- Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston B15 2TT UK
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24
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Oral biosciences: The annual review 2015. J Oral Biosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Wang F, Okawa H, Kamano Y, Niibe K, Kayashima H, Osathanon T, Pavasant P, Saeki M, Yatani H, Egusa H. Controlled Osteogenic Differentiation of Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Tetracycline-Controlled Transcriptional Activation of Amelogenin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145677. [PMID: 26709694 PMCID: PMC4692545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative dental therapies for bone tissues rely on efficient targeting of endogenous and transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to guide bone formation. Amelogenin is the primary component of Emdogain, which is used to regenerate periodontal defects; however, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects on alveolar bone remain unclear. The tetracycline (Tet)-dependent transcriptional regulatory system is a good candidate to investigate distinct roles of genes of interest during stem cell differentiation. Here, we investigated amelogenin-dependent regulation of osteogenesis in MSCs by establishing a Tet-controlled transcriptional activation system. Clonal mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs were lentivirally transduced with the Tet repressor (TetR) expression vector followed by drug selection to obtain MSCs constitutively expressing TetR (MSCs-TetR). Expression vectors that contained the Tet operator and amelogenin-coding (Amelx) cDNA fragments were constructed using the Gateway system and lentivirally introduced into MSCs-TetR to generate a Tet regulation system in MSCs (MSCs-TetR/Amelx). MSCs-TetR/Amelx significantly overexpressed the Amelx gene and protein in the presence of the tetracycline derivative doxycycline. Concomitant expression of osterix, bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin, and osteocalcin was modulated by addition or removal of doxycycline under osteogenic guidance. During osteogenic induction, MSCs-TetR/Amelx treated with doxycycline showed significantly increased gene expression of osterix, type I collagen, BSP, and osteocalcin in addition to increased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodule formation. Enhanced extracellular matrix calcification was observed when forced Amelx expression commenced at the early stage but not at the intermediate or late stages of osteogenesis. These results suggest that a Tet-controlled Amelx gene regulation system for mouse MSCs was successfully established, in which transcriptional activation of Amelx was associated with enhanced osteogenic differentiation, especially in the early stage of biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuya Kamano
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kunimichi Niibe
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kayashima
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Makio Saeki
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yatani
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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26
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Davies OG, Grover LM, Eisenstein N, Lewis MP, Liu Y. Identifying the Cellular Mechanisms Leading to Heterotopic Ossification. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 97:432-44. [PMID: 26163233 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a debilitating condition defined by the de novo development of bone within non-osseous soft tissues, and can be either hereditary or acquired. The hereditary condition, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is rare but life threatening. Acquired HO is more common and results from a severe trauma that produces an environment conducive for the formation of ectopic endochondral bone. Despite continued efforts to identify the cellular and molecular events that lead to HO, the mechanisms of pathogenesis remain elusive. It has been proposed that the formation of ectopic bone requires an osteochondrogenic cell type, the presence of inductive agent(s) and a permissive local environment. To date several lineage-tracing studies have identified potential contributory populations. However, difficulties identifying cells in vivo based on the limitations of phenotypic markers, along with the absence of established in vitro HO models have made the results difficult to interpret. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate current literature within the field in an attempt identify the cellular mechanisms required for ectopic bone formation. The major aim is to collate all current data on cell populations that have been shown to possess an osteochondrogenic potential and identify environmental conditions that may contribute to a permissive local environment. This review outlines the pathology of endochondral ossification, which is important for the development of potential HO therapies and to further our understanding of the mechanisms governing bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Davies
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - L M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - N Eisenstein
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - M P Lewis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Loughborough, UK
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Y Liu
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Keller L, Wagner Q, Schwinté P, Benkirane-Jessel N. Double compartmented and hybrid implant outfitted with well-organized 3D stem cells for osteochondral regenerative nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2833-45. [PMID: 26377156 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Articular cartilage repair remains challenging, because most clinical failures are due to the lack of subchondral bone regeneration. We report an innovative approach improving cartilage repair by regenerating a robust subchondral bone, supporting articular cartilage. MATERIALS & METHODS We developed a compartmented living implant containing triple-3D structure: stem cells as microtissues for embryonic endochondral development mimic, nanofibrous collagen to enhance mineralization for subchondral bone and alginate hydrogel for cartilage regeneration. RESULTS & CONCLUSION This system mimics the natural gradient of the osteochondral unit, using only one kind of stem cell, targeting their ability to express specific bone or cartilage proteins. Mineralization gradient of articular cartilage and the natural 'glue' between subchondral bone and cartilage were reproduced in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Keller
- INSERM UMR1109, Osteoarticular & Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, F-67085 Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 place de l'Hôpital, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Quentin Wagner
- INSERM UMR1109, Osteoarticular & Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, F-67085 Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 place de l'Hôpital, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascale Schwinté
- INSERM UMR1109, Osteoarticular & Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, F-67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadia Benkirane-Jessel
- INSERM UMR1109, Osteoarticular & Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, F-67085 Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 place de l'Hôpital, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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28
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Peptide-modified Substrate for Modulating Gland Tissue Growth and Morphology In Vitro. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11468. [PMID: 26098225 PMCID: PMC4476418 DOI: 10.1038/srep11468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro fabricated biological tissue would be a valuable tool to screen newly synthesized drugs or understand the tissue development process. Several studies have attempted to fabricate biological tissue in vitro. However, controlling the growth and morphology of the fabricated tissue remains a challenge. Therefore, new techniques are required to modulate tissue growth. RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid), which is an integrin-binding domain of fibronectin, has been found to enhance cell adhesion and survival; it has been used to modify substrates for in vitro cell culture studies or used as tissue engineering scaffolds. In addition, this study shows novel functions of the RGD peptide, which enhances tissue growth and modulates tissue morphology in vitro. When an isolated submandibular gland (SMG) was cultured on an RGD-modified alginate hydrogel sheet, SMG growth including bud expansion and cleft formation was dramatically enhanced. Furthermore, we prepared small RGD-modified alginate beads and placed them on the growing SMG tissue. These RGD-modified beads successfully induced cleft formation at the bead position, guiding the desired SMG morphology. Thus, this RGD-modified material might be a promising tool to modulate tissue growth and morphology in vitro for biological tissue fabrication.
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29
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Sasaki JI, Hashimoto M, Yamaguchi S, Itoh Y, Yoshimoto I, Matsumoto T, Imazato S. Fabrication of Biomimetic Bone Tissue Using Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Three-Dimensional Constructs Incorporating Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129266. [PMID: 26047122 PMCID: PMC4457484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of technologies to promote vascularization of engineered tissue would drive major developments in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Recently, we succeeded in fabricating three-dimensional (3D) cell constructs composed of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the majority of cells within the constructs underwent necrosis due to a lack of nutrients and oxygen. We hypothesized that incorporation of vascular endothelial cells would improve the cell survival rate and aid in the fabrication of biomimetic bone tissues in vitro. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of endothelial cells combined with the MSC constructs (MSC/HUVEC constructs) during short- and long-term culture. When human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incorporated into the cell constructs, cell viability and growth factor production were increased after 7 days. Furthermore, HUVECs were observed to proliferate and self-organize into reticulate porous structures by interacting with the MSCs. After long-term culture, MSC/HUVEC constructs formed abundant mineralized matrices compared with those composed of MSCs alone. Transmission electron microscopy and qualitative analysis revealed that the mineralized matrices comprised porous cancellous bone-like tissues. These results demonstrate that highly biomimetic bone tissue can be fabricated in vitro by 3D MSC constructs incorporated with HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masanori Hashimoto
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Itoh
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Itsumi Yoshimoto
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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31
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Sathi GA, Kenmizaki K, Yamaguchi S, Nagatsuka H, Yoshida Y, Matsugaki A, Ishimoto T, Imazato S, Nakano T, Matsumoto T. Early initiation of endochondral ossification of mouse femur cultured in hydrogel with different mechanical stiffness. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:567-75. [PMID: 25381834 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralization is one of the most important processes in normal bone tissue development and in disease condition. Developing a novel and standardized in vitro model system that can readily monitor both cellular dynamics and mineralization is crucial for better understanding the bone tissue development and growth. Recent studies indicated that the mechanical environment is a critical condition in mineralization. We hypothesized that hydrogel with different mechanical stiffness can provide a biomimetic mechanical environment that can modulate bone tissue growth and mineralization. A femur of mouse embryo (embryonic day 16) was embedded in agarose hydrogel (2-60 kPa) and cultured in an osteogenic medium for a week. Microcomputed tomography (μCT) results revealed enhanced mineralization was detected in the femur head cultured in the gel condition, whereas no mineralization in the femur head cultured in the control (floating culture) condition. The mineralized region was corresponding to the region of secondary ossification center. Both histological and quantitative analyses indicated that the mineralized region of femur head cultured in 10 kPa gel condition was the highest and the mineralized area was significantly larger than that cultured in 2, 40, and 60 kPa gel condition. Immunofluorescence results indicated the enhanced mineralization caused by the higher chondrogenic differentiation at that region. This enhancement mainly relating to the mechanical forces and not to the oxygen tension was also confirmed. Since this system enhances and shortens the mineralization procedure compared with the conventional two-dimensional or three-dimensional cell culture system, this hydrogel system would be one of the unique models for better understanding the mineralized tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsan Ara Sathi
- 1Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- 3Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- 4Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshida
- 5Division of Oral Health Science, Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | - Satoshi Imazato
- 3Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Takuya Matsumoto
- 1Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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32
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Wang J, Tang N, Xiao Q, Zhang L, Li Y, Li J, Wang J, Zhao Z, Tan L. Pulsed electromagnetic field may accelerate in vitro endochondral ossification. Bioelectromagnetics 2014; 36:35-44. [PMID: 25358461 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Na Tang
- Stomatology Department of Sichuan Medical Science Academy; Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital; Chengdu China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Lijun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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33
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Nishiguchi A, Matsusaki M, Asano Y, Shimoda H, Akashi M. Effects of angiogenic factors and 3D-microenvironments on vascularization within sandwich cultures. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4739-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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34
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Egusa H, Kayashima H, Miura J, Uraguchi S, Wang F, Okawa H, Sasaki JI, Saeki M, Matsumoto T, Yatani H. Comparative analysis of mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2156-69. [PMID: 24625139 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can differentiate into mineralizing cells and are, therefore, expected to be useful for bone regenerative medicine; however, the characteristics of iPSC-derived osteogenic cells remain unclear. Here, we provide a direct in vitro comparison of the osteogenic differentiation process in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and iPSCs from adult C57BL/6J mice. After 30 days of culture in osteogenic medium, both MSCs and iPSCs produced robustly mineralized bone nodules that contained abundant calcium phosphate with hydroxyapatite crystal formation. Mineral deposition was significantly higher in iPSC cultures than in MSC cultures. Scanning electron microscopy revealed budding matrix vesicles in early osteogenic iPSCs; subsequently, the vesicles propagated to exhibit robust mineralization without rich fibrous structures. Early osteogenic MSCs showed deposition of many matrix vesicles in abundant collagen fibrils that became solid mineralized structures. Both cell types demonstrated increased expression of osteogenic marker genes, such as runx2, osterix, dlx5, bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin, during osteogenesis; however, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction array analysis revealed that osteogenesis-related genes encoding mineralization-associated molecules, bone morphogenetic proteins, and extracellular matrix collagens were differentially expressed between iPSCs and MSCs. These data suggest that iPSCs are capable of differentiation into mature osteoblasts whose associated hydroxyapatite has a crystal structure similar to that of MSC-associated hydroxyapatite; however, the transcriptional differences between iPSCs and MSCs could result in differences in the mineral and matrix environments of the bone nodules. Determining the biological mechanisms underlying cell-specific differences in mineralization during in vitro iPSC osteogenesis may facilitate the development of clinically effective engineered bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Egusa
- 1 Division of Oromaxillofacial Regeneration, Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Egusa H, Kobayashi M, Matsumoto T, Sasaki JI, Uraguchi S, Yatani H. Application of Cyclic Strain for Accelerated Skeletal Myogenic Differentiation of Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells with Cell Alignment. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:770-82. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Egusa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita City, Japan
| | - Munemasa Kobayashi
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita City, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita City, Japan
| | - Shinya Uraguchi
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita City, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yatani
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita City, Japan
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