1
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Menart S, Lužanin O, Pirnat K, Pahovnik D, Moškon J, Dominko R. Design of Organic Cathode Material Based on Quinone and Pyrazine Motifs for Rechargeable Lithium and Zinc Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16029-16039. [PMID: 38511931 PMCID: PMC10995900 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite the rapid expansion of the organic cathode materials field, we still face a shortage of materials obtained through simple synthesis that have stable cycling and high energy density. Herein, we report a two-step synthesis of a small organic molecule from commercially available precursors that can be used as a cathode material. Oxidized tetraquinoxalinecatechol (OTQC) was derived from tetraquinoxalinecatechol (TQC) by the introduction of additional quinone redox-active centers into the structure. The modification increased the voltage and capacity of the material. The OTQC delivers a high specific capacity of 327 mAh g-1 with an average voltage of 2.63 V vs Li/Li+ in the Li-ion battery. That corresponds to an energy density of 860 Wh kg-1 on the OTQC material level. Furthermore, the material demonstrated excellent cycling stability, having a capacity retention of 82% after 400 cycles. Similarly, the OTQC demonstrates increased average voltage and specific capacity in comparison with TQC in aqueous Zn-organic battery, reaching the specific capacity of 326 mAh g-1 with an average voltage of 0.86 V vs Zn/Zn2+. Apart from good electrochemical performance, this work provides an additional in-depth analysis of the redox mechanism and degradation mechanism related to capacity fading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svit Menart
- National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Olivera Lužanin
- National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Pirnat
- National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Pahovnik
- National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jože Moškon
- National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Dominko
- National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- ALISTORE-European
Research Institute, 33
rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
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2
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Bitenc J, Pirnat K, Lužanin O, Dominko R. Organic Cathodes, a Path toward Future Sustainable Batteries: Mirage or Realistic Future? CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:1025-1040. [PMID: 38370280 PMCID: PMC10870817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Organic active materials are seen as next-generation battery materials that could circumvent the sustainability and cost limitations connected with the current Li-ion battery technology while at the same time enabling novel battery functionalities like a bioderived feedstock, biodegradability, and mechanical flexibility. Many promising research results have recently been published. However, the reproducibility and comparison of the literature results are somehow limited due to highly variable electrode formulations and electrochemical testing conditions. In this Perspective, we provide a critical view of the organic cathode active materials and suggest future guidelines for electrochemical characterization, capacity evaluation, and mechanistic investigation to facilitate reproducibility and benchmarking of literature results, leading to the accelerated development of organic electrode active materials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bitenc
- National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Pirnat
- National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Olivera Lužanin
- National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Dominko
- National
Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Alistore-European
Research Institute, CNRS FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens, France
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3
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Kausar A, Ahmad I, Zhao T, Aldaghri O, Ibnaouf KH, Eisa MH. Graphene Nanocomposites as Innovative Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion-Design and Headways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11593. [PMID: 37511354 PMCID: PMC10380328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This review mainly addresses applications of polymer/graphene nanocomposites in certain significant energy storage and conversion devices such as supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries, and fuel cells. Graphene has achieved an indispensable position among carbon nanomaterials owing to its inimitable structure and features. Graphene and its nanocomposites have been recognized for providing a high surface area, electron conductivity, capacitance, energy density, charge-discharge, cyclic stability, power conversion efficiency, and other advanced features in efficient energy devices. Furthermore, graphene-containing nanocomposites have superior microstructure, mechanical robustness, and heat constancy characteristics. Thus, this state-of-the-art article offers comprehensive coverage on designing, processing, and applying graphene-based nanoarchitectures in high-performance energy storage and conversion devices. Despite the essential features of graphene-derived nanocomposites, several challenges need to be overcome to attain advanced device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Kausar
- NPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterials and Defects Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, iThemba LABS, Somerset West 7129, South Africa
- NPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterials and Defects Engineering, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ishaq Ahmad
- NPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterials and Defects Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, iThemba LABS, Somerset West 7129, South Africa
- NPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterials and Defects Engineering, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Tingkai Zhao
- NPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterials and Defects Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Osamah Aldaghri
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid H Ibnaouf
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia
| | - M H Eisa
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia
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4
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del Valle MA, Gacitúa MA, Hernández F, Luengo M, Hernández LA. Nanostructured Conducting Polymers and Their Applications in Energy Storage Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061450. [PMID: 36987228 PMCID: PMC10054839 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the energy requirements for various human activities, and the need for a substantial change in the energy matrix, it is important to research and design new materials that allow the availability of appropriate technologies. In this sense, together with proposals that advocate a reduction in the conversion, storage, and feeding of clean energies, such as fuel cells and electrochemical capacitors energy consumption, there is an approach that is based on the development of better applications for and batteries. An alternative to commonly used inorganic materials is conducting polymers (CP). Strategies based on the formation of composite materials and nanostructures allow outstanding performances in electrochemical energy storage devices such as those mentioned. Particularly, the nanostructuring of CP stands out because, in the last two decades, there has been an important evolution in the design of various types of nanostructures, with a strong focus on their synergistic combination with other types of materials. This bibliographic compilation reviews state of the art in this area, with a special focus on how nanostructured CP would contribute to the search for new materials for the development of energy storage devices, based mainly on the morphology they present and on their versatility to be combined with other materials, which allows notable improvements in aspects such as reduction in ionic diffusion trajectories and electronic transport, optimization of spaces for ion penetration, a greater number of electrochemically active sites and better stability in charge/discharge cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. del Valle
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica de Polímeros, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. V. Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.A.d.V.); (L.A.H.)
| | - M. A. Gacitúa
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Ejército 441, Santiago 8370191, Chile
| | - F. Hernández
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica, Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - M. Luengo
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica, Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - L. A. Hernández
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica, Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.A.d.V.); (L.A.H.)
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5
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Recent Progress and Design Principles for Rechargeable Lithium Organic Batteries. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Molecular and Morphological Engineering of Organic Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOrganic electrode materials (OEMs) can deliver remarkable battery performance for metal-ion batteries (MIBs) due to their unique molecular versatility, high flexibility, versatile structures, sustainable organic resources, and low environmental costs. Therefore, OEMs are promising, green alternatives to the traditional inorganic electrode materials used in state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries. Before OEMs can be widely applied, some inherent issues, such as their low intrinsic electronic conductivity, significant solubility in electrolytes, and large volume change, must be addressed. In this review, the potential roles, energy storage mechanisms, existing challenges, and possible solutions to address these challenges by using molecular and morphological engineering are thoroughly summarized and discussed. Molecular engineering, such as grafting electron-withdrawing or electron-donating functional groups, increasing various redox-active sites, extending conductive networks, and increasing the degree of polymerization, can enhance the electrochemical performance, including its specific capacity (such as the voltage output and the charge transfer number), rate capability, and cycling stability. Morphological engineering facilitates the preparation of different dimensional OEMs (including 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D OEMs) via bottom-up and top-down methods to enhance their electron/ion diffusion kinetics and stabilize their electrode structure. In summary, molecular and morphological engineering can offer practical paths for developing advanced OEMs that can be applied in next-generation rechargeable MIBs.
Graphical abstract
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7
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Zhang X, Ji W, Xin L, Luedtke A, Qu H, Qiu D, Liu M, Zheng D, Qu D. Effect of Carbon Additives on the Rate Performance of Redox Polymer Materials for Lithium Metal Batteries. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Weixiao Ji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Le Xin
- Sigma-Aldrich Co., LLC., MilliporeSigma, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53209, United States
| | - Avery Luedtke
- Sigma-Aldrich Co., LLC., MilliporeSigma, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53209, United States
| | - Huainan Qu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Dantong Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Dong Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Deyang Qu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
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8
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Kong T, Zhu W, Jiang B, Liao X, Xiao R. The Mechanism of Modification of Poly(anthraquinonylsulfide) Organic Electrode Materials. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taoying Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guizhou University Guizhou 550025 P. R. China
| | - Weichen Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guizhou University Guizhou 550025 P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guizhou University Guizhou 550025 P. R. China
| | - Xia Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guizhou University Guizhou 550025 P. R. China
| | - Rengui Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guizhou University Guizhou 550025 P. R. China
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9
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Zhang M, Tong Y, Xie J, Huang W, Zhang Q. Rechargeable Sodium-Ion Battery Based on Polyazaacene Analogue Anode. Chemistry 2021; 27:16754-16759. [PMID: 34599542 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The high theoretical specific capacity, strong structural designability and relatively inexpensive manufacturing cost make the exploration of organic electrode materials more attractive in recent years. In this article, owing to the large π-conjugated structure, plenty of nitrogen heteroatoms and multiring aromatic system, polyazaacene analogue poly(1,6-dihydropyrazino[2,3 g]quinoxaline-2,3,8-triyl-7-(2H)-ylidene-7,8-dimethylidene) (PQL) was applied as the anode in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). PQL was almost insoluble in conventional liquid organic electrolyte (1 M NaClO4 in ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (v:v=1 : 1) with 5 % fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)), which strongly improved its cycle stability. The initial discharge capacity was obtained to be 1825 mAh g-1 at the current density of 100 mA g-1 and stabilized at 317 mAh g-1 after 400 cycles with the coulombic efficiency as high as 97 %. It not only showed good rate capability at high current densities (202, 183 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 and 1.5 A g-1 ) but also had a superior energy density around 290 Wh kg-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, Hebei, China
| | - Yifan Tong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, Hebei, China
| | - Jian Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Weiwei Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, Hebei, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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10
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Beydaghi H, Abouali S, Thorat SB, Del Rio Castillo AE, Bellani S, Lauciello S, Gentiluomo S, Pellegrini V, Bonaccorso F. 3D printed silicon-few layer graphene anode for advanced Li-ion batteries. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35051-35060. [PMID: 35493174 PMCID: PMC9042803 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06643a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The printing of three-dimensional (3D) porous electrodes for Li-ion batteries is considered a key driver for the design and realization of advanced energy storage systems. While different 3D printing techniques offer great potential to design and develop 3D architectures, several factors need to be addressed to print 3D electrodes, maintaining an optimal trade-off between electrochemical and mechanical performances. Herein, we report the first demonstration of 3D printed Si-based electrodes fabricated using a simple and cost-effective fused deposition modelling (FDM) method, and implemented as anodes in Li-ion batteries. To fulfil the printability requirement while maximizing the electrochemical performance, the composition of the FDM filament has been engineered using polylactic acid as the host polymeric matrix, a mixture of carbon black-doped polypyrrole and wet-jet milling exfoliated few-layer graphene flakes as conductive additives, and Si nanoparticles as the active material. The creation of a continuous conductive network and the control of the structural properties at the nanoscale enabled the design and realization of flexible 3D printed anodes, reaching a specific capacity up to ∼345 mA h g−1 at the current density of 20 mA g−1, together with a capacity retention of 96% after 350 cycles. The obtained results are promising for the fabrication of flexible polymeric-based 3D energy storage devices to meet the challenges ahead for the design of next-generation electronic devices. Novel 3D printed anodes based on Si and wet-jet milling-exfoliated few-layer graphene are produced by fused diffusion modelling (FDM) technique and used in Li-ion batteries.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Beydaghi
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genoa Italy.,BeDimensional S.p.A Lungotorrente Secca 30R 16163 Genoa Italy
| | - Sara Abouali
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genoa Italy.,BeDimensional S.p.A Lungotorrente Secca 30R 16163 Genoa Italy
| | - Sanjay B Thorat
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genoa Italy.,BeDimensional S.p.A Lungotorrente Secca 30R 16163 Genoa Italy
| | - Antonio Esau Del Rio Castillo
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genoa Italy.,BeDimensional S.p.A Lungotorrente Secca 30R 16163 Genoa Italy
| | - Sebastiano Bellani
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genoa Italy.,BeDimensional S.p.A Lungotorrente Secca 30R 16163 Genoa Italy
| | - Simone Lauciello
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genoa Italy
| | - Silvia Gentiluomo
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genoa Italy
| | - Vittorio Pellegrini
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genoa Italy.,BeDimensional S.p.A Lungotorrente Secca 30R 16163 Genoa Italy
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genoa Italy.,BeDimensional S.p.A Lungotorrente Secca 30R 16163 Genoa Italy
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11
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NAKAGAWA Y, TSUJIMURA S. Fabrication of an Organic Redox Capacitor with a Neutral Aqueous Electrolyte Solution. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.21-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto NAKAGAWA
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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12
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Ouyang Z, Tranca D, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Fu X, Zhu J, Zhai G, Ke C, Kymakis E, Zhuang X. Quinone-Enriched Conjugated Microporous Polymer as an Organic Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9064-9073. [PMID: 33583175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Among various organic cathode materials, C═O group-enriched structures have attracted wide attention worldwide. However, small organic molecules have long suffered from dissolving in electrolytes during charge-discharge cycles. π-Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) become one solution to address this issue. However, the synthesis strategy for CMPs with rich C═O groups and stable backbones remains a challenge. In this study, a novel CMP enriched with C═O units was synthesized through a highly efficient Diels-Alder reaction. The as-prepared CMP exhibited a fused carbon backbone and a semiconductive characteristic with a band gap of 1.4 eV. When used as an organic electrode material in LIBs, the insoluble and robust fused structure caused such CMPs to exhibit remarkable cycling stability (a 96.1% capacity retention at 0.2 A g-1 after 200 cycles and a 94.8% capacity retention at 1 A g-1 after 1500 cycles), superior lithium-ion diffusion coefficient (5.30 × 10-11 cm2 s-1), and excellent rate capability (95.8 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1). This study provided a novel synthetic method for fabricating quinone-enriched fused CMPs, which can be used as LIB cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Ouyang
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Diana Tranca
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yazhen Zhao
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhenying Chen
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaobin Fu
- Department of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jinhui Zhu
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guangqun Zhai
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Changchun Ke
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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13
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Electrochemically active layer on the surface of poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide) anode in dual-ion batteries. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Gao H, Tian B, Yang H, Neale AR, Little MA, Sprick RS, Hardwick LJ, Cooper AI. Crosslinked Polyimide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites as Long Cycle Life Positive Electrode for Lithium-Ion Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5571-5579. [PMID: 32725860 PMCID: PMC7693101 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers with electrochemically active redox groups are a promising class of positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, most polymers, such as polyimides, possess low intrinsic conductivity, which results in low utilization of redox-active sites during charge cycling and, consequently, poor electrochemical performance. Here, it was shown that this limitation can be overcome by synthesizing polyimide composites (PIX) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using an in situ polycondensation reaction. The polyimide composites showed increased charge-transfer performance and much larger specific capacities, with PI50, which contains 50 wt % of rGO, showing the largest specific capacity of 172 mAh g-1 at 500 mA g-1 . This corresponds to a high utilization of the redox active sites in the active polyimide (86 %), and this composite retained 80 % of its initial capacity (125 mAh g-1 ) after 9000 cycles at 2000 mA g-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Bingbing Tian
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Haofan Yang
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Alex R. Neale
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable EnergyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolPeach StLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Marc A. Little
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Reiner Sebastian Sprick
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Laurence J. Hardwick
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable EnergyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolPeach StLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
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15
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Hager MD, Esser B, Feng X, Schuhmann W, Theato P, Schubert US. Polymer-Based Batteries-Flexible and Thin Energy Storage Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000587. [PMID: 32830378 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Batteries have become an integral part of everyday life-from small coin cells to batteries for mobile phones, as well as batteries for electric vehicles and an increasing number of stationary energy storage applications. There is a large variety of standardized battery sizes (e.g., the familiar AA-battery or AAA-battery). Interestingly, all these battery systems are based on a huge number of different cell chemistries depending on the application and the corresponding requirements. There is not one single battery type fulfilling all demands for all imaginable applications. One battery class that has been gaining significant interest in recent years is polymer-based batteries. These batteries utilize organic materials as the active parts within the electrodes without utilizing metals (and their compounds) as the redox-active materials. Such polymer-based batteries feature a number of interesting properties, like high power densities and flexible batteries fabrication, among many more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Hager
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum, 44780, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG3), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, Jena, 07743, Germany
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16
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Yang J, Shi Y, Li M, Sun P, Xu Y. Performance Enhancement of Polymer Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries: From a Rigid Homopolymer to Soft Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32666-32672. [PMID: 32584017 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Synthesizing redox-active units containing polymers is a promising route for improving the cycling stability of organic electrode materials. However, constructing uniform electrode architectures with good polymer dispersion is a big challenge in the case of polymer electrode materials. In this work, we design and synthesize two anthraquinone-containing copolymers and compare their electrochemical performance with that of the corresponding homopolymer. It is uncovered that the copolymers with soft units in the main chain display increased chain flexibility, thus leading to a slightly increased solubility. Because of this, the soft copolymers are less likely to precipitate during solvent volatilization of electrode preparation and thus can form more uniform electrode architectures. The cyclic voltammogram and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements indicate that copolymer electrodes display decreased polarization and improved kinetics compared with the homopolymer electrode. The copolymers exhibit significantly enhanced cycling stability and improved rate performance. After 100 cycles, both copolymers reveal very high capacity retention of above 98%, while the homopolymer retains only 71% of its highest capacity. Moreover, the copolymer can discharge/charge at 1C for over 2000 cycles with almost no capacity fading, indicating excellent long-term cycling performance. This work further demonstrates the importance of molecular structure and electrode architecture in determining the electrochemical performance of polymer electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yeqing Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunhua Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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17
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Men F, Liu N, Lan Q, Zhao Y, Qin J, Song Z, Zhan H. Single-Molecule Dye Organics with Multielectron Redox Processes as Cathode Materials for Lithium Secondary Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2410-2418. [PMID: 32050057 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution loss is the biggest issue for an organic electrode material, and nowadays the most popular strategy to avoid it is to synthesize a polymer or add a large amount of conductive carbon. In this study, the issue is addressed by using monomolecular organics with a relatively long chain and large size. A dye composed of quinones and a carbazole is proposed as the cathode material for a Li secondary battery. The unique structure of more than three quinones joined by a carbazole bridge improves the cycling stability significantly. In addition to the widely known enolization reaction of the quinone moiety, extra anion-doping capacity is supplied by the carbazole moiety. As a result of the multiple active sites, multielectron redox transfer and remarkable capacity enhancement are realized by using Vet Yellow 3RT dye material. It shows a stable capacity up to 340 mAh g-1 within 300 cycles. XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements were used to confirm the reactivity of the carbonyl group and the N-heterocycle toward Li+ and PF6 - , respectively. In this work, a new application of this dye material is revealed, providing a new avenue to address the dissolution loss and capacity breakthrough of organic batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Men
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Qing Lan
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Jian Qin
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Song
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhan
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
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18
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Friebe C, Lex‐Balducci A, Schubert US. Sustainable Energy Storage: Recent Trends and Developments toward Fully Organic Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:4093-4115. [PMID: 31297974 PMCID: PMC6790600 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In times of spreading mobile devices, organic batteries represent a promising approach to replace the well-established lithium-ion technology to fulfill the growing demand for small, flexible, safe, as well as sustainable energy storage solutions. In the last years, large efforts have been made regarding the investigation and development of batteries that use organic active materials since they feature superior properties compared to metal-based, in particular lithium-based, energy-storage systems in terms of flexibility and safety as well as with regard to resource availability and disposal. This Review compiles an overview over the most recent studies on the topic. It focuses on the different types of applied active materials, covering both known systems that are optimized and novel structures that aim at being established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Friebe
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 1007743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Alexandra Lex‐Balducci
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 1007743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 1007743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
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19
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Peng H, Yu Q, Wang S, Kim J, Rowan AE, Nanjundan AK, Yamauchi Y, Yu J. Molecular Design Strategies for Electrochemical Behavior of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds in Organic and Aqueous Electrolytes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900431. [PMID: 31508272 PMCID: PMC6724361 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To sustainably satisfy the growing demand for energy, organic carbonyl compounds (OCCs) are being widely studied as electrode active materials for batteries owing to their high capacity, flexible structure, low cost, environmental friendliness, renewability, and universal applicability. However, their high solubility in electrolytes, limited active sites, and low conductivity are obstacles in increasing their usage. Here, the nucleophilic addition reaction of aromatic carbonyl compounds (ACCs) is first used to explain the electrochemical behavior of carbonyl compounds during charge-discharge, and the relationship of the molecular structure and electrochemical properties of ACCs are discussed. Strategies for molecular structure modifications to improve the performance of ACCs, i.e., the capacity density, cycle life, rate performance, and voltage of the discharge platform, are also elaborated. ACCs, as electrode active materials in aqueous solutions, will become a future research hotspot. ACCs will inevitably become sustainable green materials for batteries with high capacity density and high power density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Peng
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China
| | - Qianchuan Yu
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China
| | - Shengping Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
| | - Alan E. Rowan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
| | - Ashok Kumar Nanjundan
- School of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringArchitecture and Information Technology (EAIT)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
- School of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringArchitecture and Information Technology (EAIT)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)1‐1 NamikiTsukubaIbaraki305‐0044Japan
| | - Jingxian Yu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)School of Chemistry and PhysicsThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA5005Australia
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20
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Modulating charge transport in MOFs with zirconium oxide nodes and redox-active linkers for lithium sulfur batteries. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Hu P, He X, Ng M, Ye J, Zhao C, Wang S, Tan K, Chaturvedi A, Jiang H, Kloc C, Hu W, Long Y. Trisulfide‐Bond Acenes for Organic Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- School of PhysicsNorthwest University Xi'an 710069 China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Singapore
| | - Xuexia He
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Man‐Fai Ng
- Institute of High Performance ComputingAgency for Science, Technology and Research 138632 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jun Ye
- Institute of High Performance ComputingAgency for Science, Technology and Research 138632 Singapore Singapore
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Singapore
| | - Shancheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Singapore
| | - Kejie Tan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Singapore
| | - Apoorva Chaturvedi
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Singapore
| | - Hui Jiang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Singapore
| | - Christian Kloc
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Singapore
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yi Long
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE)Nanomaterials for Energy and Energy-Water Nexus (NEW)Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) 138602 Singapore Singapore
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22
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Hu P, He X, Ng MF, Ye J, Zhao C, Wang S, Tan K, Chaturvedi A, Jiang H, Kloc C, Hu W, Long Y. Trisulfide-Bond Acenes for Organic Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13513-13521. [PMID: 31317598 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The molecular design of organic battery electrodes is a big challenge. Here, we synthesize two metal-free organosulfur acenes and shed insight into battery properties using first-principles calculations. A new zone-melting chemical-vapor-transport (ZM-CVT) apparatus was fabricated to provide a simple, solvent-free, and continuous synthetic protocol, and produce single crystals of tetrathiotetracene (TTT) and hexathiapentacene (HTP) at a large scale. Single crystals of HTP showed better Li-ion battery performance and higher cycling stability than those of TTT. A two-step, three-electron lithiation mechanism instead of the commonly depicted two-electron mechanism is proposed for the HTP Li-ion battery. The superior performance of HTP is linked to unique trisulfide bonding scenarios, which are also responsible for the formation of empty channels along the stacking direction. In-depth theoretical analysis suggests that organosulfur acenes are potential prototypes for organic battery materials with tunable properties, and that the tuning of sulfur bonds is critical in designing these new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuexia He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Man-Fai Ng
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138632, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Ye
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138632, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shancheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kejie Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Apoorva Chaturvedi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christian Kloc
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yi Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Nanomaterials for Energy and Energy-Water Nexus (NEW), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 138602, Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Yarmolenko OV, Romanyuk OE, Slesarenko AA, Baymuratova GR, Shuvalova NI, Mumyatov AV, Troshin PA, Shestakov AF. Performance of a Li-Polyimide Battery with Electrolytes of Various Types. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193519020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Mauger A, Julien C, Paolella A, Armand M, Zaghib K. Recent Progress on Organic Electrodes Materials for Rechargeable Batteries and Supercapacitors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1770. [PMID: 31159168 PMCID: PMC6600696 DOI: 10.3390/ma12111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rechargeable batteries are essential elements for many applications, ranging from portable use up to electric vehicles. Among them, lithium-ion batteries have taken an increasing importance in the day life. However, they suffer of several limitations: safety concerns and risks of thermal runaway, cost, and high carbon footprint, starting with the extraction of the transition metals in ores with low metal content. These limitations were the motivation for an intensive research to replace the inorganic electrodes by organic electrodes. Subsequently, the disadvantages that are mentioned above are overcome, but are replaced by new ones, including the solubility of the organic molecules in the electrolytes and lower operational voltage. However, recent progress has been made. The lower voltage, even though it is partly compensated by a larger capacity density, may preclude the use of organic electrodes for electric vehicles, but the very long cycling lives and the fast kinetics reached recently suggest their use in grid storage and regulation, and possibly in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The purpose of this work is to review the different results and strategies that are currently being used to obtain organic electrodes that make them competitive with lithium-ion batteries for such applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Mauger
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), UMR-CNRS 7590, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Christian Julien
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), UMR-CNRS 7590, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Andrea Paolella
- Centre of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage (CETEES), Hydro-Québec, 1806, Lionel-Boulet blvd., Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada.
| | - Michel Armand
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnol Alava, 01510 Minano, Spain.
| | - Karim Zaghib
- Centre of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage (CETEES), Hydro-Québec, 1806, Lionel-Boulet blvd., Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada.
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25
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Lee S, Kwon G, Ku K, Yoon K, Jung SK, Lim HD, Kang K. Recent Progress in Organic Electrodes for Li and Na Rechargeable Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704682. [PMID: 29582467 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Organic rechargeable batteries, which use organics as electrodes, are excellent candidates for next-generation energy storage systems because they offer design flexibility due to the rich chemistry of organics while being eco-friendly and potentially cost efficient. However, their widespread usage is limited by intrinsic problems such as poor electronic conductivity, easy dissolution into liquid electrolytes, and low volumetric energy density. New types of organic electrode materials with various redox centers or molecular structures have been developed over the past few decades. Moreover, research aimed at enhancing electrochemical properties via chemical tuning has been at the forefront of organic rechargeable batteries research in recent years, leading to significant progress in their performance. Here, an overview of the current developments of organic rechargeable batteries is presented, with a brief history of research in this field. Various strategies for improving organic electrode materials are discussed with respect to tuning intrinsic properties of organics using molecular modification and optimizing their properties at the electrode level. A comprehensive understanding of the progress in organic electrode materials is provided along with the fundamental science governing their performance in rechargeable batteries thus a guide is presented to the optimal design strategies to improve the electrochemical performance for next-generation battery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sechan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak Road, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Giyun Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak Road, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyojin Ku
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak Road, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak Road, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kyun Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak Road, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Dae Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak Road, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisuk Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak Road, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
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26
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Phadke S, Cao M, Anouti M. Approaches to Electrolyte Solvent Selection for Poly-Anthraquinone Sulfide Organic Electrode Material. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:965-974. [PMID: 29205911 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic materials such as polyanthraquinone sulfide (PAQS) are receiving increased attention as electrodes for energy storage systems owing to their good environmental compatibility, high rate capability, and large charge-storage capacity. However, one of their limitations is the solubility in organic solvents typically composing the electrolytes. Here, the solubility of PAQS was tested in 17 different solvents using UV/Vis spectroscopy. The results show that PAQS exhibits a very wide range of solubility according to the nature of the solvent and the obtained trend agrees well with the predictions from Hansen solubility analysis. Furthermore, the transport properties (conductivity, σ, and viscosity, η) of selected electrolytes composed of non-solubilising solvents with 1 m LiTFSI are compared and discussed in the temperature range from -40 °C to 80 °C. In the second part of this study, the electrochemical characterization of PAQS as electrode material in selected pure or mixture of solvents with 1 m LiTFSI as salt was made in half-cells by a galvanostatic method. In a methylglutaronitrile (2MeGLN)-based electrolyte that exhibits low solubility of PAQS, it appears that the capacity fade is intricately linked to the large irreversibility of the second step of the redox process. Although the standard cyclic carbonate solvents mixture (ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate) led to rapid capacity fade in the initial 10-15 cycles owing to their high solubilising ability. Finally, it is shown that a pure linear alkylcarbonate (dimethyl carbonate) or binary mixture of ether-based (dioxolane/dimethoxy ethane) electrolyte is much more compatible for enhanced capacity retention in PAQS with more than 120 mAh g-1 for 1000 cycles at 4 C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Phadke
- Laboratoire PCM2E, EA 6299, Université François Rabelais, Parc de Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Mingli Cao
- Laboratoire PCM2E, EA 6299, Université François Rabelais, Parc de Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Mérièm Anouti
- Laboratoire PCM2E, EA 6299, Université François Rabelais, Parc de Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France
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27
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Lyu H, Li P, Liu J, Mahurin S, Chen J, Hensley DK, Veith GM, Guo Z, Dai S, Sun XG. Aromatic Polyimide/Graphene Composite Organic Cathodes for Fast and Sustainable Lithium-Ion Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:763-772. [PMID: 29363278 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201702001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A composite organic cathode material based on aromatic polyimide (PI) and highly conductive graphene was prepared through a facile in situ polymerization method for application in lithium-ion batteries. The in situ polymerization generated intimate contact between PI and electronically conductive graphene, resulting in conductive composites with highly reversible redox reactions and good structure stability. The synergistic effect between PI and graphene enabled not only a high reversible capacity of 232.6 mAh g-1 at a charge-discharge rate of C/10 but also exceptionally high-rate cycling stability, that is, a high capacity of 108.9 mAh g-1 at a very high charge-discharge rate of 50C with a capacity retention of 80 % after 1000 cycles. This improved electrochemical performance resulted from the combination of stable redox reversibility of PI and high electronic conductivity of the graphene additive. The graphene-based composite also exhibited much better performance than composites based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the conductive carbon black C45 in terms of specific capacity and long-term cycling stability under the same charge-discharge rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Lyu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, P. R. China
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Peipei Li
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Jiurong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, P. R. China
| | - Shannon Mahurin
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Jihua Chen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Dale K Hensley
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Gabriel M Veith
- Materials Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Xiao-Guang Sun
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
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Miroshnikov M, Kato K, Babu G, Divya KP, Reddy Arava LM, Ajayan PM, John G. A common tattoo chemical for energy storage: henna plant-derived naphthoquinone dimer as a green and sustainable cathode material for Li-ion batteries. RSC Adv 2018; 8:1576-1582. [PMID: 35540918 PMCID: PMC9077053 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12357d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The burgeoning energy demands of an increasingly eco-conscious population have spurred the need for sustainable energy storage devices, and have called into question the viability of the popular lithium ion battery. A series of natural polyaromatic compounds have previously displayed the capability to bind lithium via polar oxygen-containing functional groups that act as redox centers in potential electrodes. Lawsone, a widely renowned dye molecule extracted from the henna leaf, can be dimerized to bislawsone to yield up to six carbonyl/hydroxyl groups for potential lithium coordination. The facile one-step dimerization and subsequent chemical lithiation of bislawsone minimizes synthetic steps and toxic reagents compared to existing systems. We therefore report lithiated bislawsone as a candidate to advance non-toxic and recyclable green battery materials. Bislawsone based electrodes displayed a specific capacity of up to 130 mA h g−1 at 20 mA g−1 currents, and voltage plateaus at 2.1–2.5 V, which are comparable to modern Li-ion battery cathodes. The burgeoning energy demands of an increasingly eco-conscious population have spurred the need for sustainable energy storage devices, and have called into question the viability of the popular lithium ion battery.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Miroshnikov
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Discovery and Innovation
- The City College of New York
- New York
- USA
| | - Keiko Kato
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering
- Rice University
- Houston
- USA
| | - Ganguli Babu
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering
- Rice University
- Houston
- USA
| | - Kizhmuri P. Divya
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Discovery and Innovation
- The City College of New York
- New York
- USA
| | | | - Pulickel M. Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering
- Rice University
- Houston
- USA
| | - George John
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Discovery and Innovation
- The City College of New York
- New York
- USA
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30
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Zhao Q, Zhu Z, Chen J. Molecular Engineering with Organic Carbonyl Electrode Materials for Advanced Stationary and Redox Flow Rechargeable Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28370809 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201607007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic carbonyl electrode materials that have the advantages of high capacity, low cost and being environmentally friendly, are regarded as powerful candidates for next-generation stationary and redox flow rechargeable batteries (RFBs). However, low carbonyl utilization, poor electronic conductivity and undesired dissolution in electrolyte are urgent issues to be solved. Here, we summarize a molecular engineering approach for tuning the capacity, working potential, concentration of active species, kinetics, and stability of stationary and redox flow batteries, which well resolves the problems of organic carbonyl electrode materials. As an example, in stationary batteries, 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) with two carbonyls delivers a capacity of 257 mAh g-1 (2.27 V vs Li+ /Li), while increasing the number of carbonyls to four with the formation of 5,7,12,14-pentacenetetrone results in a higher capacity of 317 mAh g-1 (2.60 V vs Li+ /Li). In RFBs, AQ, which is less soluble in aqueous electrolyte, reaches 1 M by grafting -SO3 H with the formation of 9,10-anthraquinone-2,7-disulphonic acid, resulting in a power density exceeding 0.6 W cm-2 with long cycling life. Therefore, through regulating substituent groups, conjugated structures, Coulomb interactions, and the molecular weight, the electrochemical performance of carbonyl electrode materials can be rationally optimized. This review offers fundamental principles and insight into designing advanced carbonyl materials for the electrodes of next-generation rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Yang G, Bu F, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Shakir I, Xu Y. In Situ Growth and Wrapping of Aminoanthraquinone Nanowires in 3 D Graphene Framework as Foldable Organic Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3419-3426. [PMID: 28722277 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Small conjugated carbonyl compounds are intriguing candidates for organic electrode materials because of their abundance, high theoretical capacity, and adjustable molecular structure. However, their dissolution in aprotic electrolytes and poor conductivity eclipse them in terms of practical capacity, cycle life, and rate capability. Herein, we report a foldable and binder-free nanocomposite electrode consisting of 2-aminoanthraquinone (AAQ) nanowires wrapped within the 3 D graphene framework, which is prepared through antisolvent crystallization followed by a facile chemical reduction and selfassembly process. The nanocomposite exhibited a very high capacity of 265 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C for AAQ, realizing 100 % utilization of active material. Furthermore, the nanocomposite shows superior cycling stability (82 % capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.2 C and 76 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 0.4 C) and excellent rate performance (153 mA h g-1 at 5 C). Particularly, the nanocomposite can deliver the highest capacity of 165 mA h g-1 among all reported anthraquinone- and anthraquinone-analogues-based electrodes per mass of the whole electrode, which is essential for practical application. Such outstanding electrochemical performance could be largely attributed to the wrapping structure of the flexible composite, which provides both conductivity and structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Fanxing Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yanshan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Imran Shakir
- Sustainable Energy Technologies Center, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Ren W, Zhu Z, An Q, Mai L. Emerging Prototype Sodium-Ion Full Cells with Nanostructured Electrode Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1604181. [PMID: 28394448 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201604181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to steadily increasing energy consumption, the demand of renewable energy sources is more urgent than ever. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as a cost-effective alternative because of the earth abundance of Na resources and their competitive electrochemical behaviors. Before practical application, it is essential to establish a bridge between the sodium half-cell and the commercial battery from a full cell perspective. An overview of the major challenges, most recent advances, and outlooks of non-aqueous and aqueous sodium-ion full cells (SIFCs) is presented. Considering the intimate relationship between SIFCs and electrode materials, including structure, composition and mutual matching principle, both the advance of various prototype SIFCs and the electrochemistry development of nanostructured electrode materials are reviewed. It is noted that a series of SIFCs combined with layered oxides and hard carbon are capable of providing a high specific gravimetric energy above 200 Wh kg-1 , and an NaCrO2 //hard carbon full cell is able to deliver a high rate capability over 100 C. To achieve industrialization of SIBs, more systematic work should focus on electrode construction, component compatibility, and battery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zixuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinyou An
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liqiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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33
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Yang G, Bu F, Li K, Shakir I, Xu Y. Dispersion-Assembly Approach to Synthesize Three-Dimensional Graphene/Polymer Composite Aerogel as a Powerful Organic Cathode for Rechargeable Li and Na Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:15549-15556. [PMID: 28425698 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymer cathode materials are promising alternatives to inorganic counterparts for both lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity, adjustable molecular structure, and strong adaptability to different counterions in batteries, etc. However, they suffer from poor practical capacity and low rate capability because of their intrinsically poor conductivity. Herein, we report the synthesis of self-assembled graphene/poly(anthraquinonyl sufide) (PAQS) composite aerogel (GPA) with efficient integration of a three-dimensional (3D) graphene framework with electroactive PAQS particles via a novel dispersion-assembly strategy which can be used as a free-standing flexible cathode upon mechanical pressing. The entire GPA cathode can deliver the highest capacity of 156 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C (1 C = 225 mAh g-1) with an ultrahigh utilization (94.9%) of PAQS and exhibits an excellent rate performance with 102 mAh g-1 at 20 C in LIBs. Furthermore, the flexible GPA film was also tested as cathode for SIBs and demonstrated a high-rate capability with 72 mAh g-1 at 5 C and an ultralong cycling stability (71.4% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 0.5 C) which has rarely been achieved before. Such excellent electrochemical performance of GPA as cathode for both LIBs and SIBs could be ascribed to the fast redox kinetics and electron transportation within GPA, resulting from the interconnected conductive framework of graphene and the intimate interaction between graphene and PAQS through an efficient wrapping structure. This approach opens a universal way to develop cathode materials for powerful batteries with different metal-based counter electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanshan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guanhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fanxing Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Imran Shakir
- Sustainable Energy Technologies Center, College of Engineering, King Saud University , Riyadh 11421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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34
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Xie J, Chen W, Wang Z, Jie KCW, Liu M, Zhang Q. Synthesis and Exploration of Ladder-Structured Large Aromatic Dianhydrides as Organic Cathodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:868-876. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanyang Technological University (Singapore); 639798 Singapore Singapore
| | - Wangqiao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanyang Technological University (Singapore); 639798 Singapore Singapore
- Temasek Laboratories @NTU; Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), Research Techno Plaza; 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore Singapore
| | - Zilong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanyang Technological University (Singapore); 639798 Singapore Singapore
| | - Kenneth Choo Wei Jie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanyang Technological University (Singapore); 639798 Singapore Singapore
| | - Ming Liu
- Temasek Laboratories @NTU; Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), Research Techno Plaza; 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore Singapore
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanyang Technological University (Singapore); 639798 Singapore Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematics Science; Nanyang Technological University (Singapore); 637371 Singapore Singapore
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35
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High-Power-Density Organic Radical Batteries. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:19. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bunzen H, Lamp A, Grzywa M, Barkschat C, Volkmer D. Bistriazole-p-benzoquinone and its alkali salts: electrochemical behaviour in aqueous alkaline solutions. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12537-12543. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02803b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lithium, sodium and potassium salts of bistriazole-p-benzoquinone were synthetized and studied by single crystal X-ray, VT-XRPD and thermogravimetric analysis, and CV measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Bunzen
- Chair of Solid State and Materials Chemistry
- Institute of Physics
- University of Augsburg
- D-86159 Augsburg
- Germany
| | - A. Lamp
- Chair of Solid State and Materials Chemistry
- Institute of Physics
- University of Augsburg
- D-86159 Augsburg
- Germany
| | - M. Grzywa
- Chair of Solid State and Materials Chemistry
- Institute of Physics
- University of Augsburg
- D-86159 Augsburg
- Germany
| | - C. Barkschat
- Chair of Solid State and Materials Chemistry
- Institute of Physics
- University of Augsburg
- D-86159 Augsburg
- Germany
| | - D. Volkmer
- Chair of Solid State and Materials Chemistry
- Institute of Physics
- University of Augsburg
- D-86159 Augsburg
- Germany
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37
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Zhang Y, Murtaza I, Liu D, Tan R, Zhu Y, Meng H. Understanding the mechanism of improvement in practical specific capacity using halogen substituted anthraquinones as cathode materials in lithium batteries. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Winsberg J, Hagemann T, Janoschka T, Hager MD, Schubert US. Redox-Flow Batteries: From Metals to Organic Redox-Active Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:686-711. [PMID: 28070964 PMCID: PMC5248651 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Research on redox-flow batteries (RFBs) is currently experiencing a significant upturn, stimulated by the growing need to store increasing quantities of sustainably generated electrical energy. RFBs are promising candidates for the creation of smart grids, particularly when combined with photovoltaics and wind farms. To achieve the goal of "green", safe, and cost-efficient energy storage, research has shifted from metal-based materials to organic active materials in recent years. This Review presents an overview of various flow-battery systems. Relevant studies concerning their history are discussed as well as their development over the last few years from the classical inorganic, to organic/inorganic, to RFBs with organic redox-active cathode and anode materials. Available technologies are analyzed in terms of their technical, economic, and environmental aspects; the advantages and limitations of these systems are also discussed. Further technological challenges and prospective research possibilities are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Winsberg
- Lehrstuhl für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Tino Hagemann
- Lehrstuhl für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Janoschka
- Lehrstuhl für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin D Hager
- Lehrstuhl für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Lehrstuhl für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Winsberg J, Hagemann T, Janoschka T, Hager MD, Schubert US. Redox‐Flow‐Batterien: von metallbasierten zu organischen Aktivmaterialien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Winsberg
- Lehrstuhl für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Tino Hagemann
- Lehrstuhl für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Tobias Janoschka
- Lehrstuhl für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Lehrstuhl für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Lehrstuhl für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Deutschland
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40
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Muench S, Wild A, Friebe C, Häupler B, Janoschka T, Schubert US. Polymer-Based Organic Batteries. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9438-84. [PMID: 27479607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The storage of electric energy is of ever growing importance for our modern, technology-based society, and novel battery systems are in the focus of research. The substitution of conventional metals as redox-active material by organic materials offers a promising alternative for the next generation of rechargeable batteries since these organic batteries are excelling in charging speed and cycling stability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these systems and discusses the numerous classes of organic, polymer-based active materials as well as auxiliary components of the battery, like additives or electrolytes. Moreover, a definition of important cell characteristics and an introduction to selected characterization techniques is provided, completed by the discussion of potential socio-economic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Muench
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Wild
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Friebe
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Häupler
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Janoschka
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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42
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Häupler B, Hagemann T, Friebe C, Wild A, Schubert US. Dithiophenedione-containing polymers for battery application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:3473-3479. [PMID: 25611256 DOI: 10.1021/am5060959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active polymers have received recently significant interest as active materials in secondary organic batteries. We designed a redox-active monomer, namely 2-vinyl-4,8-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-4,8-dione that exhibits two one-electron redox reactions and has a low molar mass, resulting in a high theoretical capacity of 217 mAh/g. The free radical polymerization of the monomer was optimized by variation of solvent and initiator. The electrochemical behavior of the obtained polymer was investigated using cyclic voltammetry. The utilization of lithium salts in the supporting electrolyte leads to a merging of the redox waves accompanied by a shift to higher redox potentials. Prototype batteries manufactured with 10 wt % polymer as active material exhibit full material activity at the first charge/discharge cycle. During the first 100 cycles, the capacity drops to 50%. Higher contents of polymer (up to 40 wt %) leads to a lower material activity. Furthermore, the battery system reveals a fast charge/discharge ability, allowing a maximum speed up to 10C (6 min) with only a negligible loss of capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Häupler
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Sukegawa T, Masuko I, Oyaizu K, Nishide H. Expanding the Dimensionality of Polymers Populated with Organic Robust Radicals toward Flow Cell Application: Synthesis of TEMPO-Crowded Bottlebrush Polymers Using Anionic Polymerization and ROMP. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501632t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sukegawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Issei Masuko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oyaizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Zhang Z, Yoshikawa H, Awaga K. Monitoring the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Cu(2,7-AQDC) (AQDC = Anthraquinone Dicarboxylate) in a Lithium Battery: Coexistence of Metal and Ligand Redox Activities in a Metal–Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16112-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508197w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyue Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Research Center for Materials Science (RCMS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yoshikawa
- Department
of Chemistry and Research Center for Materials Science (RCMS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kunio Awaga
- Department
of Chemistry and Research Center for Materials Science (RCMS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Kim J, Kim J, Lee J, Song HK, Yang C. Synthesis of a Redox-Active Denpol as a Potential Electrode in Rechargeable Organic Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Electrochemical Properties of Poly(Anthraquinonyl Sulfide)/Graphene Sheets Composites as Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors. NANOMATERIALS 2014; 4:599-611. [PMID: 28344238 PMCID: PMC5304693 DOI: 10.3390/nano4030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide) (PAQS)/graphene sheets (GSs) composite was synthesized through in situ polymerization to evaluate its performance as an electrode material for electrochemical capacitors. PAQS was successfully synthesized in the presence of GSs with uniform distribution. PAQS/GSs showed a pair of reversible redox peaks at around 0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The specific capacitance of PAQS/GSs was 349 F·g−1 (86 mAh·g−1) at a current density of 500 mA·g−1, and a capacitance of 305 F·g−1 was maintained even at a high current density of 5000 mA·g−1. The in situ polymerization of PAQS with GSs facilitated their interaction and enabled faster charge transfer and redox reaction, resulting in enhanced electrode properties.
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A low cost, all-organic Na-ion battery based on polymeric cathode and anode. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2671. [PMID: 24036973 PMCID: PMC3773616 DOI: 10.1038/srep02671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current battery systems have severe cost and resource restrictions, difficultly to meet the large scale electric storage applications. Herein, we report an all-organic Na-ion battery using p-dopable polytriphenylamine as cathode and n-type redox-active poly(anthraquinonyl sulphide) as anode, excluding the use of transition-metals as in conventional electrochemical batteries. Such a Na-ion battery can work well with a voltage output of 1.8 V and realize a considerable specific energy of 92 Wh kg(-1). Due to the structural flexibility and stability of the redox-active polymers, this battery has a superior rate capability with 60% capacity released at a very high rate of 16 C (3200 mA g(-1)) and also exhibit an excellent cycling stability with 85% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 8 C rate. Most significantly, this type of all-organic batteries could be made from renewable and earth-abundant materials, thus offering a new possibility for widespread energy storage applications.
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Lee M, Hong J, Kim H, Lim HD, Cho SB, Kang K, Park CB. Organic nanohybrids for fast and sustainable energy storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:2558-2565. [PMID: 24488928 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A nanohybridization strategy is presented for the fabrication of high performance lithium ion batteries based on redox-active organic molecules. The rearrangement of electroactive aromatic molecules from bulk crystalline particles into molecular layers is achieved by non-covalent nanohybridization of active molecules with conductive scaffolds. As a result, nano-hybrid organic electrodes in the form of a flexible self-standing paper-free of binder/additive and current collector-are synthesized, which exhibit high energy and power densities combined with excellent cyclic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minah Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Tokue H, Oyaizu K, Sukegawa T, Nishide H. TEMPO/viologen electrochemical heterojunction for diffusion-controlled redox mediation: a highly rectifying bilayer-sandwiched device based on cross-reaction at the interface between dissimilar redox polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:4043-4049. [PMID: 24559298 DOI: 10.1021/am405527y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A couple of totally reversible redox-active molecules, which are different in redox potentials, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and viologen (V(2+)), were employed to give rise to a rectified redox conduction effect. Single-layer and bilayer devices were fabricated using polymers containing these sites as pendant groups per repeating unit. The devices were obtained by sandwiching the redox polymer layer(s) with indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass and Pt foil electrodes. Electrochemical measurements of the single-layer device composed of polynorbornene-bearing TEMPO (PTNB) exhibited a diffusion-limited current-voltage response based on the TEMPO(+)/TEMPO exchange reaction, which was almost equivalent to a redox gradient through the PTNB layer depending upon the thickness. The bilayer device gave rise to the current rectification because of the thermodynamically favored cross-reaction between TEMPO(+) and V(+) at the polymer/polymer interface. A current-voltage response obtained for the bilayer device demonstrated a two-step diffusion-limited current behavior as a result of the concurrent V(2+)/V(+) and V(+)/V(0) exchange reactions according to the voltage and suggested that the charge transport process through the device was most likely to be rate-determined by a redox gradient in the polymer layer. Current collection experiments revealed a charge transport balance throughout the device, as a result of the electrochemical stability and robustness of the polymers in both redox states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tokue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University , Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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