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Chades T, Le Fèvre R, Chebbi I, Blondeau K, Guyot F, Alphandéry E. Set-up of a pharmaceutical cell bank of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR1 magnetotactic bacteria producing highly pure magnetosomes. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:70. [PMID: 38419080 PMCID: PMC10903015 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the successful fabrication of a pharmaceutical cellular bank (PCB) containing magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), which belong to the Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR1 species. To produce such PCB, we amplified MTB in a minimal growth medium essentially devoid of other heavy metals than iron and of CMR (Carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic) products. The PCB enabled to acclimate MTB to such minimal growth conditions and then to produce highly pure magnetosomes composed of more than 99.9% of iron. The qualification of the bank as a PCB relies first on a preserved identity of the MTB compared with the original strain, second on genetic bacterial stability observed over 100 generations or under cryo-preservation for 16 months, third on a high level of purity highlighted by an absence of contaminating microorganisms in the PCB. Furthermore, the PCB was prepared under high-cell load conditions (9.108 cells/mL), allowing large-scale bacterial amplification and magnetosome production. In the future, the PCB could therefore be considered for commercial as well as research orientated applications in nanomedicine. We describe for the first-time conditions for setting-up an effective pharmaceutical cellular bank preserving over time the ability of certain specific cells, i.e. Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR1 MTB, to produce nano-minerals, i.e. magnetosomes, within a pharmaceutical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Chades
- Nanobacterie SARL, 36 Boulevard Flandrin, 75116, Paris, France
- Institut de biologie intégrative de la cellule, UMR 9198, Université Paris Saclay, 1 Av. de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | - Imène Chebbi
- Nanobacterie SARL, 36 Boulevard Flandrin, 75116, Paris, France
| | - Karine Blondeau
- Institut de biologie intégrative de la cellule, UMR 9198, Université Paris Saclay, 1 Av. de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - François Guyot
- Institut de minéralogie de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie UMR 7590, Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Edouard Alphandéry
- Nanobacterie SARL, 36 Boulevard Flandrin, 75116, Paris, France.
- Institut de minéralogie de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie UMR 7590, Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
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2
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Gandarias L, Jefremovas EM, Gandia D, Marcano L, Martínez-Martínez V, Ramos-Cabrer P, Chevrier DM, Valencia S, Fernández Barquín L, Fdez-Gubieda ML, Alonso J, García-Prieto A, Muela A. Incorporation of Tb and Gd improves the diagnostic functionality of magnetotactic bacteria. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100680. [PMID: 37304575 PMCID: PMC10250929 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria are envisaged as potential theranostic agents. Their internal magnetic compass, chemical environment specificity and natural motility enable these microorganisms to behave as nanorobots, as they can be tracked and guided towards specific regions in the body and activated to generate a therapeutic response. Here we provide additional diagnostic functionalities to magnetotactic bacteria Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 while retaining their intrinsic capabilities. These additional functionalities are achieved by incorporating Tb or Gd in the bacteria by culturing them in Tb/Gd supplemented media. The incorporation of Tb provides luminescence properties, enabling potential applications of bacteria as biomarkers. The incorporation of Gd turns bacteria into dual contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, since Gd adds T1 contrast to the existing T2 contrast of unmodified bacteria. Given their potential clinical applications, the diagnostic ability of the modified MSR-1 has been successfully tested in vitro in two cell models, confirming their suitability as fluorescent markers (Tb-MSR-1) and dual contrast agents for MRI (Gd-MSR-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gandarias
- Dpto. Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Elizabeth M. Jefremovas
- CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, 39005, Spain
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - David Gandia
- BCMaterials, Bld. Martina Casiano 3rd Floor, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Lourdes Marcano
- Dpto. Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-str. 15, Berlin, 12489, Germany
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33007, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Ramos-Cabrer
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Daniel M. Chevrier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), UMR7265, Bioscience and biotechnology institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France
| | - Sergio Valencia
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-str. 15, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | | | - M. Luisa Fdez-Gubieda
- BCMaterials, Bld. Martina Casiano 3rd Floor, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Dpto. Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, 39005, Spain
| | - Ana García-Prieto
- Dpto. Física Aplicada, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Alicia Muela
- Dpto. Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
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3
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Large-Scale Cultivation of Magnetotactic Bacteria and the Optimism for Sustainable and Cheap Approaches in Nanotechnology. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020060. [PMID: 36827100 PMCID: PMC9961000 DOI: 10.3390/md21020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), a diverse group of marine and freshwater microorganisms, have attracted the scientific community's attention since their discovery. These bacteria biomineralize ferrimagnetic nanocrystals, the magnetosomes, or biological magnetic nanoparticles (BMNs), in a single or multiple chain(s) within the cell. As a result, cells experience an optimized magnetic dipolar moment responsible for a passive alignment along the lines of the geomagnetic field. Advances in MTB cultivation and BMN isolation have contributed to the expansion of the biotechnological potential of MTB in recent decades. Several studies with mass-cultured MTB expanded the possibilities of using purified nanocrystals and whole cells in nano- and biotechnology. Freshwater MTB were primarily investigated in scaling up processes for the production of BMNs. However, marine MTB have the potential to overcome freshwater species applications due to the putative high efficiency of their BMNs in capturing molecules. Regarding the use of MTB or BMNs in different approaches, the application of BMNs in biomedicine remains the focus of most studies, but their application is not restricted to this field. In recent years, environment monitoring and recovery, engineering applications, wastewater treatment, and industrial processes have benefited from MTB-based biotechnologies. This review explores the advances in MTB large-scale cultivation and the consequent development of innovative tools or processes.
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4
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Gandia D, Marcano L, Gandarias L, Villanueva D, Orue I, Abrudan RM, Valencia S, Rodrigo I, Ángel García J, Muela A, Fdez-Gubieda ML, Alonso J. Tuning the Magnetic Response of Magnetospirillum magneticum by Changing the Culture Medium: A Straightforward Approach to Improve Their Hyperthermia Efficiency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:566-577. [PMID: 36563339 PMCID: PMC9982817 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 have been cultured using three different media: magnetic spirillum growth medium with Wolfe's mineral solution (MSGM + W), magnetic spirillum growth medium without Wolfe's mineral solution (MSGM - W), and flask standard medium (FSM). The influence of the culture medium on the structural, morphological, and magnetic characteristics of the magnetosome chains biosynthesized by these bacteria has been investigated by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. All bacteria exhibit similar average size for magnetosomes, 40-45 nm, but FSM bacteria present slightly longer subchains. In MSGM + W bacteria, Co2+ ions present in the medium substitute Fe2+ ions in octahedral positions with a total Co doping around 4-5%. In addition, the magnetic response of these bacteria has been thoroughly studied as functions of both the temperature and the applied magnetic field. While MSGM - W and FSM bacteria exhibit similar magnetic behavior, in the case of MSGM + W, the incorporation of the Co ions affects the magnetic response, in particular suppressing the Verwey (∼105 K) and low temperature (∼40 K) transitions and increasing the coercivity and remanence. Moreover, simulations based on a Stoner-Wolhfarth model have allowed us to reproduce the experimentally obtained magnetization versus magnetic field loops, revealing clear changes in different anisotropy contributions for these bacteria depending on the employed culture medium. Finally, we have related how these magnetic changes affect their heating efficiency by using AC magnetometric measurements. The obtained AC hysteresis loops, measured with an AC magnetic field amplitude of up to 90 mT and a frequency, f, of 149 kHz, reveal the influence of the culture medium on the heating properties of these bacteria: below 35 mT, MSGM - W bacteria are the best heating mediators, but above 60 mT, FSM and MSGM + W bacteria give the best heating results, reaching a maximum heating efficiency or specific absorption rate (SAR) of SAR/f ≈ 12 W g-1 kHz-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gandia
- Basque
Center for Materials Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials)
UPV/EHU Science Park Leioa, Leioa48940, Spain
| | - Lourdes Marcano
- Departmento
de Física, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo33007, Spain
| | - Lucía Gandarias
- Departamento
de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa48940, Spain
| | - Danny Villanueva
- Departamento
de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad
del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa48940, Spain
| | - Iñaki Orue
- SGIker
Medidas Magnéticas, Universidad del
País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa48940, Spain
| | - Radu Marius Abrudan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Street 15, Berlin12489, Germany
| | - Sergio Valencia
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Street 15, Berlin12489, Germany
| | - Irati Rodrigo
- Departamento
Física Aplicada, Universidad del
País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Eibar20600, Spain
| | - José Ángel García
- Departamento
Física Aplicada, Universidad del
País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa48940, Spain
| | - Alicia Muela
- Departamento
de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa48940, Spain
| | - Ma Luisa Fdez-Gubieda
- Basque
Center for Materials Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials)
UPV/EHU Science Park Leioa, Leioa48940, Spain
- Departamento
de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad
del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa48940, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Departamento
CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander39005, Spain
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5
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Mohammadi M, Reinicke B, Wawrousek K. Biosorption and Biomagnetic Recovery of La3+ by Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 Biomass. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Jefremovas EM, Gandarias L, Marcano L, Gacía-Prieto A, Orue I, Muela A, Fdez-Gubieda ML, Barquín LF, Alonso J. Modifying the magnetic response of magnetotactic bacteria: incorporation of Gd and Tb ions into the magnetosome structure. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2649-2659. [PMID: 36132283 PMCID: PMC9417820 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00094f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 biosynthesise chains of cube-octahedral magnetosomes, which are 40 nm magnetite high quality (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The magnetic properties of these crystalline magnetite nanoparticles, which can be modified by the addition of other elements into the magnetosome structure (doping), are of prime interest in a plethora of applications, those related to cancer therapy being some of the most promising ones. Although previous studies have focused on transition metal elements, rare earth (RE) elements are very interesting as doping agents, both from a fundamental point of view (e.g. significant differences in ionic sizes) and for the potential applications, especially in biomedicine (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging and luminescence). In this work, we have investigated the impact of Gd and Tb on the magnetic properties of magnetosomes by using different complementary techniques. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy analyses have revealed that a small amount of RE ions, ∼3-4%, incorporate into the Fe3O4 structure as Gd3+ and Tb3+ ions. The experimental magnetic characterisation has shown a clear Verwey transition for the RE-doped bacteria, located at T ∼ 100 K, which is slightly below the one corresponding to the undoped ones (106 K). However, we report a decrease in the coercivity and remanence of the RE-doped bacteria. Simulations based on the Stoner-Wohlfarth model have allowed us to associate these changes in the magnetic response with a reduction of the magnetocrystalline (K C) and, especially, the uniaxial (K uni) anisotropies below the Verwey transition. In this way, K uni reaches a value of 23 and 26 kJ m-3 for the Gd- and Tb-doped bacteria, respectively, whilst a value of 37 kJ m-3 is obtained for the undoped bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Jefremovas
- Dpto. CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria 39005 Santander Spain
| | - L Gandarias
- Dpto. Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) 48940 Leioa Spain
| | - L Marcano
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Germany
- Dpto. Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) 48940 Leioa Spain
| | - A Gacía-Prieto
- Dpto. Física Aplicada, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) 48013 Bilbao Spain
| | - I Orue
- SGIker Medidas Magnéticas, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) 48940 Leioa Spain
| | - A Muela
- Dpto. Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) 48940 Leioa Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Spain
| | - M L Fdez-Gubieda
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Germany
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Spain
| | | | - J Alonso
- Dpto. CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria 39005 Santander Spain
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7
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Basit A, Wang J, Guo F, Niu W, Jiang W. Improved methods for mass production of magnetosomes and applications: a review. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:197. [PMID: 33081818 PMCID: PMC7576704 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria have the unique ability to synthesize magnetosomes (nano-sized magnetite or greigite crystals arranged in chain-like structures) in a variety of shapes and sizes. The chain alignment of magnetosomes enables magnetotactic bacteria to sense and orient themselves along geomagnetic fields. There is steadily increasing demand for magnetosomes in the areas of biotechnology, biomedicine, and environmental protection. Practical difficulties in cultivating magnetotactic bacteria and achieving consistent, high-yield magnetosome production under artificial environmental conditions have presented an obstacle to successful development of magnetosome applications in commercial areas. Here, we review information on magnetosome biosynthesis and strategies for enhancement of bacterial cell growth and magnetosome formation, and implications for improvement of magnetosome yield on a laboratory scale and mass-production (commercial or industrial) scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130 Pakistan
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Fangfang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, BJ People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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8
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Muñoz D, Marcano L, Martín-Rodríguez R, Simonelli L, Serrano A, García-Prieto A, Fdez-Gubieda ML, Muela A. Magnetosomes could be protective shields against metal stress in magnetotactic bacteria. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11430. [PMID: 32651449 PMCID: PMC7351786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria are aquatic microorganisms with the ability to biomineralise membrane-enclosed magnetic nanoparticles, called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes are arranged into a chain that behaves as a magnetic compass, allowing the bacteria to align in and navigate along the Earth’s magnetic field lines. According to the magneto-aerotactic hypothesis, the purpose of producing magnetosomes is to provide the bacteria with a more efficient movement within the stratified water column, in search of the optimal positions that satisfy their nutritional requirements. However, magnetosomes could have other physiological roles, as proposed in this work. Here we analyse the role of magnetosomes in the tolerance of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 to transition metals (Co, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu). By exposing bacterial populations with and without magnetosomes to increasing concentrations of metals in the growth medium, we observe that the tolerance is significantly higher when bacteria have magnetosomes. The resistance mechanisms triggered in magnetosome-bearing bacteria under metal stress have been investigated by means of x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). XANES experiments were performed both on magnetosomes isolated from the bacteria and on the whole bacteria, aimed to assess whether bacteria use magnetosomes as metal storages, or whether they incorporate the excess metal in other cell compartments. Our findings reveal that the tolerance mechanisms are metal-specific: Mn, Zn and Cu are incorporated in both the magnetosomes and other cell compartments; Co is only incorporated in the magnetosomes, and Ni is incorporated in other cell compartments. In the case of Co, Zn and Mn, the metal is integrated in the magnetosome magnetite mineral core.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Muñoz
- Dpto. de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - L Marcano
- Dpto. de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Martín-Rodríguez
- QUIPRE Department, University of Cantabria, 39005, Santander, Spain.,Nanomedicine Group, IDIVAL, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - L Simonelli
- CLAESS beamline, ALBA Synchrotron, 08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - A Serrano
- SpLine, Spanish CRG BM25 Beamline, ESRF, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - A García-Prieto
- Dpto. de Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.,BCMaterials, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - M L Fdez-Gubieda
- Dpto. de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,BCMaterials, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - A Muela
- Dpto. de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain. .,BCMaterials, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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9
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A Sensitive Magnetic Arsenite-Specific Biosensor Hosted in Magnetotactic Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00803-20. [PMID: 32385084 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00803-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, arsenic is the water contaminant that affects the largest number of people worldwide. To limit its impact on the population, inexpensive, quick, and easy-to-use systems of detection are required. One promising solution could be the use of whole-cell biosensors, which have been extensively studied and could meet all these criteria even though they often lack sensitivity. Here, we investigated the benefit of using magnetotactic bacteria as cellular chassis to design and build sensitive magnetic bacterial biosensors. Promoters potentially inducible by arsenic were first identified in silico within the genomes of two magnetotactic bacteria strains, Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 and Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1. The ArsR-dependent regulation was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR experiments. Biosensors built by transcriptional fusion between the arsenic-inducible promoters and the bacterial luciferase luxCDABE operon gave an element-specific response in 30 min with an arsenite detection limit of 0.5 μM. After magnetic concentration, we improved the sensitivity of the biosensor by a factor of 50 to reach 10 nM, more than 1 order of magnitude below the recommended guidelines for arsenic in drinking water (0.13 μM). Finally, we demonstrated the successful preservation of the magnetic bacterium biosensors by freeze-drying.IMPORTANCE Whole-cell biosensors based on reporter genes can be designed for heavy metal detection but often require the optimization of their sensitivity and specific adaptations for practical use in the field. Magnetotactic bacteria as cellular hosts for biosensors are interesting models, as their intrinsic magnetism permits them to be easily concentrated and entrapped to increase the arsenic-response signal. This paves the way for the development of sensitive and immobilized whole-cell biosensors tailored for use in the field.
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10
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Memarpoor-Yazdi M, Haghighatian S, Doroodmand MM, Derakhshandeh A, Moezzi MS. Introducing a bioelectrochemical method for highly selective enumeration of magnetotactic bacteria. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8522. [PMID: 32444683 PMCID: PMC7244547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we employed an electrochemical (potentiometric) method to enumerate magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) during its coupling with iodometric titration to obtain a selective, precise and rapid counting system. Oxygen was considered as an important factor for the orientation and movement of MTB towards the magnet-modified indicator electrode. In the direct potentiometry, a linear correlation was detected between potentiometric response and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. By the increase of the DO concentration, potential difference would increase in the range of 4.0 to 20.0 parts per million (ppm) at different pressure conditions. The reliability of the O2 bio-sensing feature provides a selective MTB-based cell enumeration methodology based on indirect potentiometric titration. Furthermore, a five-minute H2-purging resulted in an increase of potentiometric response sensitivity arising from the decrease in DO concentration of the electrolyte solution. Results were also investigated by zeta potential difference, which show the effect of charge density of MTB in presence of DO. Zeta potential was increased proportionally by addition of the MTB population. Regarding the reliability of the suggested method, data obtained by the designed system showed no statistical difference from those obtained by the most common procedure in microbiology for enumeration of bacteria, known as colony forming unit (CFU) method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abdollah Derakhshandeh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Moezzi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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Cornaggia F, Bernardini S, Giorgioni M, Silva GLX, Nagy AIM, Jovane L. Abyssal oceanic circulation and acidification during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO). Sci Rep 2020; 10:6674. [PMID: 32317709 PMCID: PMC7174310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) is a global warming event that occurred at around 40 Ma and lasted about 500 kyr. We study this event in an abyssal setting of the Tasman Sea, using the IODP Core U1511B-16R, collected during the expedition 371. We analyse magnetic, mineralogical, and chemical parameters to investigate the evolution of the sea bottom conditions at this site during the middle Eocene. We observe significant changes indicating the response to the MECO perturbation. Mn oxides, in which Mn occurs under an oxidation state around +4, indicate a high Eh water environment. A prominent Mn anomaly, occurring just above the MECO interval, indicates a shift toward higher pH conditions shortly after the end of this event. Our results suggest more acid bottom water over the Tasman abyssal plain during the MECO, and an abrupt end of these conditions. This work provides the first evidence of MECO at abyssal depths and shows that acidification affected the entire oceanic water column during this event.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martino Giorgioni
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Gabriel L X Silva
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- INPE (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), São José dos Campos (SP), Brazil
| | | | - Luigi Jovane
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Berny C, Le Fèvre R, Guyot F, Blondeau K, Guizonne C, Rousseau E, Bayan N, Alphandéry E. A Method for Producing Highly Pure Magnetosomes in Large Quantity for Medical Applications Using Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 Magnetotactic Bacteria Amplified in Minimal Growth Media. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:16. [PMID: 32133346 PMCID: PMC7041420 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis in large quantity of highly pure magnetosomes for medical applications. For that, magnetosomes are produced by MSR-1 Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense magnetotactic bacteria using minimal growth media devoid of uncharacterized and toxic products prohibited by pharmaceutical regulation, i.e., yeast extract, heavy metals different from iron, and carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic agents. This method follows two steps, during which bacteria are first pre-amplified without producing magnetosomes and are then fed with an iron source to synthesize magnetosomes, yielding, after 50 h of growth, an equivalent OD565 of ~8 and 10 mg of magnetosomes in iron per liter of growth media. Compared with magnetosomes produced in non-minimal growth media, those particles have lower concentrations in metals other than iron. Very significant reduction or disappearance in magnetosome composition of zinc, manganese, barium, and aluminum are observed. This new synthesis method paves the way towards the production of magnetosomes for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Berny
- Nanobacterie SARL, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - François Guyot
- Paris Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Karine Blondeau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Bayan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Edouard Alphandéry
- Nanobacterie SARL, Paris, France.,Paris Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France
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13
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Vargas G, Cypriano J, Correa T, Leão P, Bazylinski DA, Abreu F. Applications of Magnetotactic Bacteria, Magnetosomes and Magnetosome Crystals in Biotechnology and Nanotechnology: Mini-Review. Molecules 2018; 23:E2438. [PMID: 30249983 PMCID: PMC6222368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) biomineralize magnetosomes, which are defined as intracellular nanocrystals of the magnetic minerals magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) enveloped by a phospholipid bilayer membrane. The synthesis of magnetosomes is controlled by a specific set of genes that encode proteins, some of which are exclusively found in the magnetosome membrane in the cell. Over the past several decades, interest in nanoscale technology (nanotechnology) and biotechnology has increased significantly due to the development and establishment of new commercial, medical and scientific processes and applications that utilize nanomaterials, some of which are biologically derived. One excellent example of a biological nanomaterial that is showing great promise for use in a large number of commercial and medical applications are bacterial magnetite magnetosomes. Unlike chemically-synthesized magnetite nanoparticles, magnetosome magnetite crystals are stable single-magnetic domains and are thus permanently magnetic at ambient temperature, are of high chemical purity, and display a narrow size range and consistent crystal morphology. These physical/chemical features are important in their use in biotechnological and other applications. Applications utilizing magnetite-producing MTB, magnetite magnetosomes and/or magnetosome magnetite crystals include and/or involve bioremediation, cell separation, DNA/antigen recovery or detection, drug delivery, enzyme immobilization, magnetic hyperthermia and contrast enhancement of magnetic resonance imaging. Metric analysis using Scopus and Web of Science databases from 2003 to 2018 showed that applied research involving magnetite from MTB in some form has been focused mainly in biomedical applications, particularly in magnetic hyperthermia and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Vargas
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Jefferson Cypriano
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Tarcisio Correa
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Leão
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Dennis A Bazylinski
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, USA.
| | - Fernanda Abreu
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
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14
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Xue XZ, Shen J, Zhang JY, Liu JK, Wang XG, Zhu ZC. Enhanced Anticorrosion Performance and Mass Preparation of Magnetic Metal-Doped Zinc Oxide Nano Solid Solutions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Zi Xue
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Zigong 643000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Shen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Zigong 643000, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ku Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Zigong 643000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Chun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, P.R. China
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15
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Yoshino T, Shimada T, Ito Y, Honda T, Maeda Y, Matsunaga T, Tanaka T. Biosynthesis of Thermoresponsive Magnetic Nanoparticles by Magnetosome Display System. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1756-1762. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yoshino
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takumi Shimada
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Ito
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Toru Honda
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Maeda
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsunaga
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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16
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Usman M, Byrne JM, Chaudhary A, Orsetti S, Hanna K, Ruby C, Kappler A, Haderlein SB. Magnetite and Green Rust: Synthesis, Properties, and Environmental Applications of Mixed-Valent Iron Minerals. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3251-3304. [PMID: 29465223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-valent iron [Fe(II)-Fe(III)] minerals such as magnetite and green rust have received a significant amount of attention over recent decades, especially in the environmental sciences. These mineral phases are intrinsic and essential parts of biogeochemical cycling of metals and organic carbon and play an important role regarding the mobility, toxicity, and redox transformation of organic and inorganic pollutants. The formation pathways, mineral properties, and applications of magnetite and green rust are currently active areas of research in geochemistry, environmental mineralogy, geomicrobiology, material sciences, environmental engineering, and environmental remediation. These aspects ultimately dictate the reactivity of magnetite and green rust in the environment, which has important consequences for the application of these mineral phases, for example in remediation strategies. In this review we discuss the properties, occurrence, formation by biotic as well as abiotic pathways, characterization techniques, and environmental applications of magnetite and green rust in the environment. The aim is to present a detailed overview of the key aspects related to these mineral phases which can be used as an important resource for researchers working in a diverse range of fields dealing with mixed-valent iron minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Usman
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany.,Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad 38040 , Pakistan
| | - J M Byrne
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - A Chaudhary
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany.,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , Government College University Faisalabad 38000 , Pakistan
| | - S Orsetti
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - K Hanna
- Univ Rennes, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes , CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - C Ruby
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement , UMR 7564 CNRS-Université de Lorraine , 54600 Villers-Lès-Nancy , France
| | - A Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - S B Haderlein
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
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17
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Li J, Menguy N, Arrio MA, Sainctavit P, Juhin A, Wang Y, Chen H, Bunau O, Otero E, Ohresser P, Pan Y. Controlled cobalt doping in the spinel structure of magnetosome magnetite: new evidences from element- and site-specific X-ray magnetic circular dichroism analyses. J R Soc Interface 2017; 13:rsif.2016.0355. [PMID: 27512138 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The biomineralization of magnetite nanocrystals (called magnetosomes) by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) has attracted intense interest in biology, geology and materials science due to the precise morphology of the particles, the chain-like assembly and their unique magnetic properties. Great efforts have been recently made in producing transition metal-doped magnetosomes with modified magnetic properties for a range of applications. Despite some successful outcomes, the coordination chemistry and magnetism of such metal-doped magnetosomes still remain largely unknown. Here, we present new evidences from X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) for element- and site-specific magnetic analyses that cobalt is incorporated in the spinel structure of the magnetosomes within Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 through the replacement of Fe(2+) ions by Co(2+) ions in octahedral (Oh) sites of magnetite. Both XMCD at Fe and Co L2,3 edges, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy on transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal a heterogeneous distribution of cobalt occurring either in different particles or inside individual particles. Compared with non-doped one, cobalt-doped magnetosome sample has lower Verwey transition temperature and larger magnetic coercivity, related to the amount of doped cobalt. This study also demonstrates that the addition of trace cobalt in the growth medium can significantly improve both the cell growth and the magnetosome formation within M. magneticum AMB-1. Together with the cobalt occupancy within the spinel structure of magnetosomes, this study indicates that MTB may provide a promising biomimetic system for producing chains of metal-doped single-domain magnetite with an appropriate tuning of the magnetic properties for technological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China France-China Biomineralization and Nano-structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicolas Menguy
- France-China Biomineralization and Nano-structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China IMPMC, CNRS UMR 7590, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, IRD UMR 206, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Arrio
- IMPMC, CNRS UMR 7590, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, IRD UMR 206, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Sainctavit
- IMPMC, CNRS UMR 7590, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, IRD UMR 206, 75005 Paris, France Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Amélie Juhin
- IMPMC, CNRS UMR 7590, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, IRD UMR 206, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yinzhao Wang
- Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China France-China Biomineralization and Nano-structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Oana Bunau
- IMPMC, CNRS UMR 7590, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, IRD UMR 206, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Edwige Otero
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Ohresser
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China France-China Biomineralization and Nano-structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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18
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Shimoshige H, Nakajima Y, Kobayashi H, Yanagisawa K, Nagaoka Y, Shimamura S, Mizuki T, Inoue A, Maekawa T. Formation of Core-Shell Nanoparticles Composed of Magnetite and Samarium Oxide in Magnetospirillum magneticum Strain RSS-1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170932. [PMID: 28125741 PMCID: PMC5268705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) synthesize magnetosomes composed of membrane-enveloped magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) particles in the cells. Recently, several studies have shown some possibilities of controlling the biomineralization process and altering the magnetic properties of magnetosomes by adding some transition metals to the culture media under various environmental conditions. Here, we successfully grow Magnetospirillum magneticum strain RSS-1, which are isolated from a freshwater environment, and find that synthesis of magnetosomes are encouraged in RSS-1 in the presence of samarium and that each core magnetic crystal composed of magnetite is covered with a thin layer of samarium oxide (Sm2O3). The present results show some possibilities of magnetic recovery of transition metals and synthesis of some novel structures composed of magnetic particles and transition metals utilizing MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Shimoshige
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshikata Nakajima
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yanagisawa
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nagaoka
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shimamura
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toru Mizuki
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Inoue
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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19
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Marcano L, García-Prieto A, Muñoz D, Fernández Barquín L, Orue I, Alonso J, Muela A, Fdez-Gubieda ML. Influence of the bacterial growth phase on the magnetic properties of magnetosomes synthesized by Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1507-1514. [PMID: 28093197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The magnetosome biosynthesis is a genetically controlled process but the physical properties of the magnetosomes can be slightly tuned by modifying the bacterial growth conditions. METHODS We designed two time-resolved experiments in which iron-starved bacteria at the mid-logarithmic phase are transferred to Fe-supplemented medium to induce the magnetosomes biogenesis along the exponential growth or at the stationary phase. We used flow cytometry to determine the cell concentration, transmission electron microscopy to image the magnetosomes, DC and AC magnetometry methods for the magnetic characterization, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy to analyze the magnetosome structure. RESULTS When the magnetosomes synthesis occurs during the exponential growth phase, they reach larger sizes and higher monodispersity, displaying a stoichiometric magnetite structure, as fingerprinted by the well defined Verwey temperature. On the contrary, the magnetosomes synthesized at the stationary phase reach smaller sizes and display a smeared Verwey transition, that suggests that these magnetosomes may deviate slightly from the perfect stoichiometry. CONCLUSIONS Magnetosomes magnetically closer to stoichiometric magnetite are obtained when bacteria start synthesizing them at the exponential growth phase rather than at the stationary phase. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The growth conditions influence the final properties of the biosynthesized magnetosomes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Recent Advances in Bionanomaterials" Guest Editors: Dr. Marie-Louise Saboungi and Dr. Samuel D. Bader.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marcano
- Dpto. de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - A García-Prieto
- Dpto. de Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Bilbao 48013, Spain; BCMaterials, Parque tecnológico de Zamudio, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - D Muñoz
- Dpto. de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain; Dpto. de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | | | - I Orue
- SGIker, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - J Alonso
- BCMaterials, Parque tecnológico de Zamudio, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - A Muela
- BCMaterials, Parque tecnológico de Zamudio, Derio 48160, Spain; Dpto. de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - M L Fdez-Gubieda
- Dpto. de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain; BCMaterials, Parque tecnológico de Zamudio, Derio 48160, Spain
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20
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Bakhshi PK, Bain J, Gul MO, Stride E, Edirisinghe M, Staniland SS. Manufacturing Man-Made Magnetosomes: High-Throughput In Situ Synthesis of Biomimetic Magnetite Loaded Nanovesicles. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1555-1561. [PMID: 27490757 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic method for the production of artificial magnetosomes, i.e., lipid-coated vesicles containing magnetic nanoparticles, is demonstrated. Magnetosomes have considerable potential in biomedical and other nanotechnological applications but current production methods rely upon magnetotactic bacteria which limits the range of sizes and shapes that can be generated as well as the obtainable yield. Here, electrohydrodynamic atomization is utilized to form nanoscale liposomes of tunable size followed by electroporation to transport iron into the nanoliposome core resulting in magnetite crystallization. Using a combination of electron and fluorescence microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Raman spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements, it is shown that single crystals of single-phase magnetite can be precipitated within each liposome, forming a near-monodisperse population of magnetic nanoparticles. For the specific conditions used in this study the mean particle size is 58 nm (±8 nm) but the system offers a high degree of flexibility in terms of both the size and composition of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam K Bakhshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Jennifer Bain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Mine Orlu Gul
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Research Building University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Roberts, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Sarah S Staniland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
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21
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Biomagnetic Recovery and Bioaccumulation of Selenium Granules in Magnetotactic Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:3886-3891. [PMID: 27107111 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00508-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Using microorganisms to remove waste and/or neutralize pollutants from contaminated water is attracting much attention due to the environmentally friendly nature of this methodology. However, cell recovery remains a bottleneck and a considerable challenge for the development of this process. Magnetotactic bacteria are a unique group of organisms that can be manipulated by an external magnetic field due to the presence of biogenic magnetite crystals formed within their cells. In this study, we demonstrated an account of accumulation and precipitation of amorphous elemental selenium nanoparticles within magnetotactic bacteria alongside and independent of magnetite crystal biomineralization when grown in a medium containing selenium oxyanion (SeO3 (2-)). Quantitative analysis shows that magnetotactic bacteria accumulate the largest amount of target molecules (Se) per cell compared with any other previously reported nonferrous metal/metalloid. For example, 2.4 and 174 times more Se is accumulated than Te taken up into cells and Cd(2+) adsorbed onto the cell surface, respectively. Crucially, the bacteria with high levels of Se accumulation were successfully recovered with an external magnetic field. The biomagnetic recovery and the effective accumulation of target elements demonstrate the potential for application in bioremediation of polluted water. IMPORTANCE The development of a technique for effective environmental water remediation is urgently required across the globe. A biological remediation process of waste removal and/or neutralization of pollutant from contaminated water using microorganisms has great potential, but cell recovery remains a bottleneck. Magnetotactic bacteria synthesize magnetic particles within their cells, which can be recovered by a magnetic field. Herein, we report an example of accumulation and precipitation of amorphous elemental selenium nanoparticles within magnetotactic bacteria independent of magnetic particle synthesis. The cells were able to accumulate the largest amount of Se compared to other foreign elements. More importantly, the Se-accumulating bacteria were successfully recovered with an external magnetic field. We believe magnetotactic bacteria confer unique advantages of biomagnetic cell recovery and of Se accumulation, providing a new and effective methodology for bioremediation of polluted water.
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Maeda Y, Wei Z, Ikezoe Y, Tam E, Matsui H. Biomimetic Crystallization of MnFe 2O 4 Mediated by Peptide-Catalyzed Esterification at Low Temperature. CHEMNANOMAT : CHEMISTRY OF NANOMATERIALS FOR ENERGY, BIOLOGY AND MORE 2016; 2:419-422. [PMID: 31632896 PMCID: PMC6801106 DOI: 10.1002/cnma.201500181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are some of the most efficient catalysts in nature. If small catalytic peptides mimic enzymes, there is potential for broad applications from catalysis for new material synthesis to drug development, due to the ease of molecular design. Recently a hydrogel-based combinatory phage display library was developed and protease-mimicking peptides were identified. Here we advanced the previous discovery to apply one of these catalytic peptides for the synthesis of bimetal oxide nanocrystals through the catalytic ester-elimination pathway. Conventional bimetal oxide crystallization usually requires high temperatures above several hundred °C; however, this catalytic peptide could grow superparamagnetic MnFe2O4 nanocrystals at 4°C. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) analysis revealed that MnFe2O4 nano-crystals grown by the catalytic peptide exhibit superpara-magnetism. This study demonstrates the usefulness of protease-mimicking catalytic peptides in the field of material synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Maeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City University of New York-Hunter College, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY 10065 (USA),
| | - Zengyan Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City University of New York-Hunter College, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY 10065 (USA),
| | - Yasuhiro Ikezoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City University of New York-Hunter College, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY 10065 (USA),
| | - Edmund Tam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City University of New York-Hunter College, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY 10065 (USA),
| | - Hiroshi Matsui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City University of New York-Hunter College, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY 10065 (USA),
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 413 E. 69th Street, New York, NY 10021 (USA)
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Prozorov T. Magnetic microbes: Bacterial magnetite biomineralization. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 46:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yiriletu, Iwasa T. Magnetic properties of magnetite synthesized by Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum MS-1 cultured with different concentrations of ferric iron. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:2427-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
There are longstanding and ongoing controversies about the abiotic or biological origin of nanocrystals of magnetite. On Earth, magnetotactic bacteria perform biomineralization of intracellular magnetite nanoparticles under a controlled pathway. These bacteria are ubiquitous in modern natural environments. However, their identification in ancient geological material remains challenging. Together with physical and mineralogical properties, the chemical composition of magnetite was proposed as a promising tracer for bacterial magnetofossil identification, but this had never been explored quantitatively and systematically for many trace elements. Here, we determine the incorporation of 34 trace elements in magnetite in both cases of abiotic aqueous precipitation and of production by the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1. We show that, in biomagnetite, most elements are at least 100 times less concentrated than in abiotic magnetite and we provide a quantitative pattern of this depletion. Furthermore, we propose a previously unidentified method based on strontium and calcium incorporation to identify magnetite produced by magnetotactic bacteria in the geological record.
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Abraçado LG, Wajnberg E, Esquivel DMS, Keim CN, Silva KT, Moreira ETS, Lins U, Farina M. Ferromagnetic resonance of intact cells and isolated crystals from cultured and uncultured magnetite-producing magnetotactic bacteria. Phys Biol 2014; 11:036006. [PMID: 24828297 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/11/3/036006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Most magnetotactic bacteria (MB) produce stable, single-domain magnetite nanocrystals with species-specific size, shape and chain arrangement. In addition, most crystals are elongated along the [111] direction, which is the easy axis of magnetization in magnetite, chemically pure and structurally perfect. These special characteristics allow magnetite crystal chains from MB to be recognized in environmental samples including old sedimentary rocks. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) has been proposed as a powerful and practical tool for screening large numbers of samples possibly containing magnetofossils. Indeed, several studies were recently published on FMR of cultured MB, mainly Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. In this work, we examined both uncultured magnetotactic cocci and the cultured MB M. gryphiswaldense using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and FMR from 10 K to room temperature (RT). The TEM data supported the FMR spectral characteristics of our samples. The FMR spectra of both bacteria showed the intrinsic characteristics of magnetite produced by MB, such as extended absorption at the low field region of the spectra and a Verwey transition around 100 K. As previously observed, the spectra of M. gryphiswaldense isolated crystals were more symmetrical than the spectra obtained from whole cells, reflecting the loss of chain arrangement due to the small size and symmetrical shape of the crystals. However, the FMR spectra of magnetic crystals isolated from magnetotactic cocci were very similar to the FMR spectra of whole cells, because the chain arrangement was maintained due to the large size and prismatic shape of the crystals. Our data support the use of FMR spectra to detect magnetotactic bacteria and magnetofossils in samples of present and past environments. Furthermore, the spectra suggest the use of the temperature transition of spectral peak-to-peak intensity to obtain the Verwey temperature for these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leida G Abraçado
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco F, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Coordenação de Física Aplicada, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr Xavier Sigaud 150, 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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