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Abstract
Many structures in nature look symmetric, but this is not completely accurate, because absolute symmetry is close to death. Chirality (handedness) is one form of living asymmetry. Chirality has been extensively investigated at different levels. Many rules were coined in attempts made for many decades to have control over the selection of handedness that seems to easily occur in nature. It is certain that if good control is realized on chirality, the roads will be ultimately open towards numerous developments in pharmaceutical, technological, and industrial applications. This tutorial review presents a report on chirality from single molecules to supramolecular assemblies. The realized functions are still in their infancy and have been scarcely converted into actual applications. This review provides an overview for starters in the chirality field of research on concepts, common methodologies, and outstanding accomplishments. It starts with an introductory section on the definitions and classifications of chirality at the different levels of molecular complexity, followed by highlighting the importance of chirality in biological systems and the different means of realizing chirality and its inversion in solid and solution-based systems at molecular and supramolecular levels. Chirality-relevant important findings and (bio-)technological applications are also reported accordingly.
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He C, Wang K, Wang Y, Xu S, Liu Y, Cao S. Properties tuning of supramolecular discotics by non-mesogenic triazines and acids. Aust J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Wang X, Wu B, Zhang Y, Feng C. Chiral graphene-based supramolecular hydrogels toward tumor therapy. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01724a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Drugs with chiral property are playing very important role on precise treatment of diseases (especially antitumor drugs), however, enantioselective delivery of chiral anticancer drugs is still challenge. Herein, a chiral...
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Fa S, Mizobata M, Nagano S, Suetsugu K, Kakuta T, Yamagishi TA, Ogoshi T. Reversible "On/Off" Chiral Amplification of Pillar[5]arene Assemblies by Dual External Stimuli. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16794-16801. [PMID: 34542992 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report dual-stimuli, thermo- and photostimuli, responsive chiral assemblies, of planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes with azobenzene groups on their rims. The azobenzene-substituted planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes were synthesized by copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition "click" reaction of azide-substituted planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes containing S or R stereogenic carbon atoms with an alkyne-substituted azobenzene. These decaazides with stereogenic carbons could act as starting points for a large library of planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes. Homeotropic alignment of azobenzenes, caused by the mesogenic property of the azobenzene groups, was induced by annealing a film of the azobenzene-substituted planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes. The alignment resulted in chiral propagation from the planar-chiral pillar[5]arene cores to the azobenzene area and caused significant chiral amplification consequently. These aligned chiral assemblies were collapsed by trans to cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene groups, resulting in chiral amplification off, and reconstructed by cis to trans thermo-isomerization, again turning on the chiral amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mizobata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Kota Suetsugu
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kakuta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tada-Aki Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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Fa S, Adachi K, Nagata Y, Egami K, Kato K, Ogoshi T. Pre-regulation of the planar chirality of pillar[5]arenes for preparing discrete chiral nanotubes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3483-3488. [PMID: 34163621 PMCID: PMC8179476 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00074h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulating the chirality of macrocyclic host molecules and supramolecular assemblies is crucial because chirality often plays a role in governing the properties of these systems. Herein, we describe pillar[5]arene-based chiral nanotube formation via pre-regulation of the building blocks' chirality, which is different from frequently used post-regulation strategies. The planar chirality of rim-differentiated pillar[5]arenes is initially regulated by chiral awakening and further induction/inversion through stepwise achiral external stimuli. The pre-regulated chiral information is well stored in discrete nanotubes by interacting with a per-alkylamino-substituted pillar[5]arene. Such pre-regulation is more efficient than post-regulating the chirality of nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Keisuke Adachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- WPI Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Kouichi Egami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
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Feringán B, Cerdá J, Diosdado B, Aragó J, Ortí E, Giménez R, Sierra T. On the Structure and Chiral Aggregation of Liquid Crystalline Star-Shaped Triazines H-Bonded to Benzoic Acids. Chemistry 2020; 26:15313-15322. [PMID: 32608135 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a star-shaped tris(triazolyl)triazine derivative to hierarchically build supramolecular chiral columnar organizations through the formation of H-bonded complexes with benzoic acids was studied from a theoretical and experimental point of view. The combined study has been done at three different levels including the study of the structure of the triazine core, the association with benzoic acids in stoichiometry 1:3, and the assembly of 1:3 complexes in helical aggregates. Although the star-shaped triazine core crystallizes in a non-C3 conformation, the C3 -symmetric conformation is theoretically predicted to be more stable and gives rise to a favorable C3 supramolecular 1:3 complex upon the interaction with three benzoic acids in their voids. In addition, calculations at different levels (DFT, PM7, and MM3) for the 1:3 host-guest complex predict the formation of large stable columnar helical aggregates stabilized by the compact packing of the interstitial acids by π-π and CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions. The acids restrict the movement of the the star-shaped triazine cores along the stacking axis causing a template effect in the self-assembly of the complex. Theoretical predictions correlate with experimental results, since the interaction with achiral or chiral 3,4,5-(4-alkoxybenzyloxy)benzoic acids gives rise to supramolecular complexes that organize in bulk hexagonal columnar mesophases stable at room temperature with intracolumnar order. The existence of supramolecular chirality in the mesophase was determined for complexes formed by acids derived from (S)-2-octanol. Chiral aggregation was also evidenced for complexes formed in dodecane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Feringán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Cerdá
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Beatriz Diosdado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Raquel Giménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teresa Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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Nafikova AR, Allayarova DA, Gus’kov VY. Separation of 2-Bromobutane, 2-Chlorobutane, 2-Chloropentane, and 2-Butanol Enantiomers Using a Stationary Phase Based on a Supramolecular Uracil Structure. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934819060078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gus’kov VY, Maistrenko VN. New Chiral Stationary Phases: Preparation, Properties, and Applications in Gas Chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934818100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gus’kov VY, Sukhareva DA, Gainullina YY, Hamitov EM, Galkin YG, Maistrenko VN. Chiral recognition capabilities of melamine and cyanuric acid supramolecular structures. Supramol Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2018.1489541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yevgeniy G. Galkin
- Department of Physico-chemical analysis, Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
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Nowicka-Scheibe J, Pawlukojć A, Sobczyk L, Jański J. On 2:1 melamine – Squaric acid dihydrate complex: The structure and vibrational spectra. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bisoyi HK, Li Q. Light-Driven Liquid Crystalline Materials: From Photo-Induced Phase Transitions and Property Modulations to Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:15089-15166. [PMID: 27936632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven phenomena both in living systems and nonliving materials have enabled truly fascinating and incredible dynamic architectures with terrific forms and functions. Recently, liquid crystalline materials endowed with photoresponsive capability have emerged as enticing systems. In this Review, we focus on the developments of light-driven liquid crystalline materials containing photochromic components over the past decade. Design and synthesis of photochromic liquid crystals (LCs), photoinduced phase transitions in LC, and photoalignment and photoorientation of LCs have been covered. Photomodulation of pitch, polarization, lattice constant and handedness inversion of chiral LCs is discussed. Light-driven phenomena and properties of liquid crystalline polymers, elastomers, and networks have also been analyzed. The applications of photoinduced phase transitions, photoalignment, photomodulation of chiral LCs, and photomobile polymers have been highlighted wherever appropriate. The combination of photochromism, liquid crystallinity, and fabrication techniques has enabled some fascinating functional materials which can be driven by ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light irradiation. Nanoscale particles have been incorporated to widen and diversify the scope of the light-driven liquid crystalline materials. The developed materials possess huge potential for applications in optics, photonics, adaptive materials, nanotechnology, etc. The challenges and opportunities in this area are discussed at the end of the Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Quan Li
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
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Lugger JAM, Sijbesma RP. Easily Accessible Thermotropic Hydrogen-Bonded Columnar Discotic Liquid Crystals from Fatty Acid- Tris-Benzoimidazolyl Benzene Complexes. ChemistryOpen 2016; 5:580-585. [PMID: 28032028 PMCID: PMC5167330 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the formation of easily accessible hydrogen-bonded columnar discotic liquid crystals (LCs) based on tris-benzoimidazolyl benzene (TBIB) and commercially available fatty acids. By increasing the length of the fatty acid, the temperature range of liquid crystallinity was tuned. Introducing double bonds in octadecanoic acid lowered the crystallization temperature and increased the temperature range of the mesophase. Surprisingly, dimerized linoleic acid also forms an LC phase. When using branched aliphatic acids with the branching point close to the acid moiety, the mesophase was lost, whereas phosphonic acid or benzenesulfonic acid derivatives did have a mesophase, showing that the generality of this approach extends beyond carboxylic acids as the hydrogen-bond donor. Furthermore, a polymerizable LC phase was obtained from mixtures of TBIB with a methacrylate-bearing fatty acid, providing an approach for the fabrication of nanoporous polymer films if the methacrylate groups are polymerized. Finally, the higher solubility of methyl-TBIB was used to suppress phase separation in stoichiometric mixtures of the template molecule with fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody A. M. Lugger
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistryand the Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP. O. Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Rint P. Sijbesma
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistryand the Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP. O. Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
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Zhu Y, Xu Y, Zou G, Zhang Q. Chirality Transfer and Modulation in LB Films Derived From the Diacetylene/Melamine Hydrogen-Bonded Complex. Chirality 2015; 27:492-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Qijin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui People's Republic of China
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Bobrovsky A, Shibaev V, Bubnov A, Hamplová V, Kašpar M, Glogarová M. Effect of Molecular Structure on Chiro-Optical and Photo-Optical Properties of Smart Liquid Crystalline Polyacrylates. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401010t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Bobrovsky
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119992 Russia
| | - Valery Shibaev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119992 Russia
| | - Alexej Bubnov
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vĕra Hamplová
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kašpar
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Glogarová
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
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Ueda T, Masuko S, Araoka F, Ishikawa K, Takezoe H. A General Method for the Enantioselective Formation of Helical Nanofilaments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6863-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ueda T, Masuko S, Araoka F, Ishikawa K, Takezoe H. A General Method for the Enantioselective Formation of Helical Nanofilaments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Xu H, Ghijsens E, George SJ, Wolffs M, Tomović Ž, Schenning APHJ, De Feyter S. Chiral Induction and Amplification in Supramolecular Systems at the Liquid-Solid Interface. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:1583-90. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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