1
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Meng Z, Taneja S, Hassan R, Parquette JR. pH-Responsive Rhodamine Nanotube Capable of Self-Reporting the Assembly State. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39197171 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterials that respond to intracellular signals, such as pH, have the potential for many biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, because the assembly/disassembly process can be tailored to respond to a stimulus characteristic of a specific subcellular location. In this work, two rhodamine-peptides that form stable nanotubes at physiological pH but dissociate into highly fluorescent monomers within the acidified interior of endosomal/lysosomal cellular compartments have been developed. The rhodamine dipeptide conjugates, NH2-KK(RhB)-NH2 (RhB-KK) and NH2-EK(RhB)-NH2 (RhB-KE) with rhodamine B chromophores appended at the ε-amino position of a lysine residue, were shown to assemble into well-defined nanotubes at pH values above ∼4-5 and to dissociate into a fluorescent monomer state at lower pH values. The pH dependence of the assembly process was investigated using circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy along with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and confocal imaging. Although the ring opening/closing transition of the rhodamine chromophore took place at pH 4.1 for both peptides, the onset of assembly began at pH 4.6 for RhB-KE and at a comparatively more basic pH (5.8) for RhB-KK. Accordingly, the rhodamine-peptides interconverted between three pH-dependent states: an open-ring, monomeric state (λmax 580 nm, λex 550 nm) at pH values at or below ∼4.6; a closed-ring, nanotube form that exhibits AIEE (λmax 460 nm, λex = 330 nm) at higher pH values; a closed-ring, nonemissive monomeric state that emerged below the critical micelle concentrations (CMC). The pH-responsive features of the peptides were evaluated by live-cell imaging in three cancer cell lines using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Visualizing the cells after incubation with either RhB-KE or RhB-KK produced CLSM images with a punctate appearance in the Texas Red channel that colocalized with the lysosomes. These experiments indicate that the nanotubes were rapidly trafficked into the acidic lysosomal compartments within the cells, which induced dissociation into a monomeric, open state. Uptake inhibition studies suggested that cellular uptake was mediated by either caveolae- or clathrin-mediated endocytosis, depending on the cell line studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Meng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Sagarika Taneja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Reham Hassan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jon R Parquette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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2
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Ali SM, Sk S, Sengupta A, Santra S, Barman S, Sepay N, Molla MR. Anion-assisted supramolecular polymerization of luminescent organic π-conjugated chromophores in a moderately polar solvent: tunable nanostructures and their corresponding effects on electronic properties. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14866-14876. [PMID: 37646513 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers of π-conjugated organic chromophores have emerged as promising candidates in organic electronics because of their dynamic and highly ordered molecular organization. Herein, we demonstrate the formation of luminescent, highly conducting supramolecular polymers of a functionalized naphthalimide π-chromophore-based organic semiconductor in a moderately polar organic solvent (tetrahydrofuran) by overcoming solute-solvent H-bonding via assistance from fluoride anions. The polymerization is exclusively guided by the synergistic effects of cascade H-bonding (F-⋯H-N- of primary amines, followed by -CO⋯H-N- of amides), π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions. An increasing molar equivalent of anions leads to a morphology transition from 1D nanowires to 2D nanosheets via nanotubes and nanorings, but above a particular threshold of the same anion, depolymerization-mediated disruption of long-range order and formation of non-luminescent spherical particles was observed. Such significant impacts of anions in supramolecular polymerization-depolymerization were utilized in modulating the electronic properties of this naphthalimide-based organic semiconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Mursed Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal-700009, India.
| | - Sujauddin Sk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal-700009, India.
| | - Ankita Sengupta
- Department of Electronic Science, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal-700009, India
| | - Subrata Santra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal-700009, India.
| | - Souvik Barman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal-700009, India.
| | - Nayim Sepay
- Department of Chemistry, Lady Brabourne College, P-1/2, Suhrawardy Ave, Kolkata, West Bengal-700017, India
| | - Mijanur Rahaman Molla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal-700009, India.
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3
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Nguyen D, Tao L, Li Y. Integration of Machine Learning and Coarse-Grained Molecular Simulations for Polymer Materials: Physical Understandings and Molecular Design. Front Chem 2022; 9:820417. [PMID: 35141207 PMCID: PMC8819075 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.820417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the synthesis of monomer sequence-defined polymers has expanded into broad-spectrum applications in biomedical, chemical, and materials science fields. Pursuing the characterization and inverse design of these polymer systems requires our fundamental understanding not only at the individual monomer level, but also considering the chain scales, such as polymer configuration, self-assembly, and phase separation. However, our accessibility to this field is still rudimentary due to the limitations of traditional design approaches, the complexity of chemical space along with the burdened cost and time issues that prevent us from unveiling the underlying monomer sequence-structure-property relationships. Fortunately, thanks to the recent advancements in molecular dynamics simulations and machine learning (ML) algorithms, the bottlenecks in the tasks of establishing the structure-function correlation of the polymer chains can be overcome. In this review, we will discuss the applications of the integration between ML techniques and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations to solve the current issues in polymer science at the chain level. In particular, we focus on the case studies in three important topics-polymeric configuration characterization, feed-forward property prediction, and inverse design-in which CGMD simulations are leveraged to generate training datasets to develop ML-based surrogate models for specific polymer systems and designs. By doing so, this computational hybridization allows us to well establish the monomer sequence-functional behavior relationship of the polymers as well as guide us toward the best polymer chain candidates for the inverse design in undiscovered chemical space with reasonable computational cost and time. Even though there are still limitations and challenges ahead in this field, we finally conclude that this CGMD/ML integration is very promising, not only in the attempt of bridging the monomeric and macroscopic characterizations of polymer materials, but also enabling further tailored designs for sequence-specific polymers with superior properties in many practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danh Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
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4
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Hu XX, Zhang M, Xu F. Benzylic bromide induced peptide cross-linking for nanofiber assembly. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04355f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a cross-linking method for the assembly of coiled-coil peptides into long fibers under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiang Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
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5
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Wang J, Liu J, Yang Z. Recent advances in peptide-based nanomaterials for targeting hypoxia. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6027-6039. [PMID: 36133944 PMCID: PMC9418673 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00637a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a prominent feature of many severe diseases such as malignant tumors, ischemic strokes, and rheumatoid arthritis. The lack of oxygen has a paramount impact on angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. The potential of hypoxia as a therapeutic target has been increasingly recognized over the last decade. In order to treat these disease states, peptides have been extensively investigated due to their advantages in safety, target specificity, and tumor penetrability. Peptides can overcome difficulties such as low drug/energy delivery efficiency, hypoxia-induced drug resistance, and tumor nonspecificity. There are three main strategies for targeting hypoxia through peptide-based nanomaterials: (i) using peptide ligands to target cellular environments unique to hypoxic conditions, such as cell surface receptors that are upregulated in cells under hypoxic conditions, (ii) utilizing peptide linkers sensitive to the hypoxic microenvironment that can be cleaved to release therapeutic or diagnostic payloads, and (iii) a combination of the above where targeting peptides will localize the system to a hypoxic environment for it to be selectively cleaved to release its payload, forming a dual-targeting system. This review focuses on recent developments in the design and construction of novel peptide-based hypoxia-targeting nanomaterials, followed by their mechanisms and potential applications in diagnosis and treatment of hypoxic diseases. In addition, we address challenges and prospects of how peptide-based hypoxia-targeting nanomaterials can achieve a wider range of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University Rizhao 276800 China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University Rizhao 276800 China
| | - Zhongxing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University Rizhao 276800 China
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6
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Madhu M, Ramakrishnan R, Vijay V, Hariharan M. Free Charge Carriers in Homo-Sorted π-Stacks of Donor-Acceptor Conjugates. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8234-8284. [PMID: 34133137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the high photoconversion efficiency observed in natural light-harvesting systems, the hierarchical organization of molecular building blocks has gained impetus in the past few decades. Particularly, the molecular arrangement and packing in the active layer of organic solar cells (OSCs) have garnered significant attention due to the decisive role of the nature of donor/acceptor (D/A) heterojunctions in charge carrier generation and ultimately the power conversion efficiency. This review focuses on the recent developments in emergent optoelectronic properties exhibited by self-sorted donor-on-donor/acceptor-on-acceptor arrangement of covalently linked D-A systems, highlighting the ultrafast excited state dynamics of charge transfer and transport. Segregated organization of donors and acceptors promotes the delocalization of photoinduced charges among the stacks, engendering an enhanced charge separation lifetime and percolation pathways with ambipolar conductivity and charge carrier yield. Covalently linking donors and acceptors ensure a sufficient D-A interface and interchromophoric electronic coupling as required for faster charge separation while providing better control over their supramolecular assemblies. The design strategies to attain D-A conjugate assemblies with optimal charge carrier generation efficiency, the scope of their application compared to state-of-the-art OSCs, current challenges, and future opportunities are discussed in the review. An integrated overview of rational design approaches derived from the comprehension of underlying photoinduced processes can pave the way toward superior optoelectronic devices and bring in new possibilities to the avenue of functional supramolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Madhu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Remya Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Vishnu Vijay
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
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7
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Kaur H, Roy S. Enzyme-Induced Supramolecular Order in Pyrene Dipeptide Hydrogels for the Development of an Efficient Energy-Transfer Template. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2393-2407. [PMID: 33973785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptide self-assembly is gathering much attention due to the precise control it provides for the arrangement of functional moieties for the fabrication of advanced functional materials. It is desirable to use a physical, chemical, or biological trigger that can control the self-assembly process. In the current article, we have applied an enzyme to induce the peptide self-assembly of an aromatic peptide amphiphile, which modulates the supramolecular order in the final gel phase material. We accessed diverse peptide hydrogels from identical gelator concentrations by simply changing the enzyme concentration, which controlled the reaction kinetics and influenced the dynamics of self-assembly. Depending upon the concentration of the enzyme, a bell-shaped relationship was observed in terms of intermolecular interactions, morphology, and properties of the final gel phase material. The access of non-equilibrium structures was further demonstrated by fluorescence emission spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and rheology. This strategy is applied to construct a charge-transfer hydrogel by doping the donor hydrogel with an acceptor moiety, which exhibits efficient energy transfer. Interestingly, such structural control at the nanoscopic level can further tune the energy-transfer efficiency by simply modulating the enzyme concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsimran Kaur
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sangita Roy
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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8
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Ding J, Xu N, Nguyen MT, Qiao Q, Shi Y, He Y, Shao Q. Machine learning for molecular thermodynamics. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Garifullin R, Guler MO. Electroactive peptide-based supramolecular polymers. Mater Today Bio 2021; 10:100099. [PMID: 33778465 PMCID: PMC7985408 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The electroactivity as a supramolecular feature of intelligently designed self-assembled systems stimulates a wide interest in development of new stimuli-responsive biomaterials. A diverse set of nanostructures are fabricated through programmed self-assembly of molecules for functional materials. Electroactive groups are conjugated as a functional moiety for organic semiconductor applications. In this review, we present recent examples of self-assembling peptide molecules and electroactive units for supramolecular functional electronic and optical materials with potential biomedical and bioelectronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Garifullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Mustafa O. Guler
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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10
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Shmilovich K, Mansbach RA, Sidky H, Dunne OE, Panda SS, Tovar JD, Ferguson AL. Discovery of Self-Assembling π-Conjugated Peptides by Active Learning-Directed Coarse-Grained Molecular Simulation. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:3873-3891. [PMID: 32180410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electronically active organic molecules have demonstrated great promise as novel soft materials for energy harvesting and transport. Self-assembled nanoaggregates formed from π-conjugated oligopeptides composed of an aromatic core flanked by oligopeptide wings offer emergent optoelectronic properties within a water-soluble and biocompatible substrate. Nanoaggregate properties can be controlled by tuning core chemistry and peptide composition, but the sequence-structure-function relations remain poorly characterized. In this work, we employ coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations within an active learning protocol employing deep representational learning and Bayesian optimization to efficiently identify molecules capable of assembling pseudo-1D nanoaggregates with good stacking of the electronically active π-cores. We consider the DXXX-OPV3-XXXD oligopeptide family, where D is an Asp residue and OPV3 is an oligophenylenevinylene oligomer (1,4-distyrylbenzene), to identify the top performing XXX tripeptides within all 203 = 8000 possible sequences. By direct simulation of only 2.3% of this space, we identify molecules predicted to exhibit superior assembly relative to those reported in prior work. Spectral clustering of the top candidates reveals new design rules governing assembly. This work establishes new understanding of DXXX-OPV3-XXXD assembly, identifies promising new candidates for experimental testing, and presents a computational design platform that can be generically extended to other peptide-based and peptide-like systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Shmilovich
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Rachael A Mansbach
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Hythem Sidky
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Olivia E Dunne
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Sayak Subhra Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - John D Tovar
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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11
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Weber R, McCullagh M. The Role of Hydrophobicity in the Stability and pH-Switchability of (RXDX) 4 and Coumarin-(RXDX) 4 Conjugate β-Sheets. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:1723-1732. [PMID: 32045245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
pH-Switchable, self-assembling materials are of interest in biological imaging and sensing applications. Here we propose that combining the pH-switchability of RXDX (X = Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Phe) peptides and the optical properties of coumarin creates an ideal candidate for these materials. This suggestion is tested with a thorough set of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We first investigate the dependence of pH-switchabiliy on the identity of the hydrophobic residue, X, in the bare (RXDX)4 systems. Increasing the hydrophobicity stabilizes the fiber which, in turn, reduces the pH-switchabilty of the system. This behavior is found to be somewhat transferable to systems in which a single hydrophobic residue is replaced with a coumarin containing amino acid. In this case, conjugates with X = Ala are found to be unstable at both pHs, while conjugates with X = Val, Leu, Ile, and Phe are found to form stable β-sheets at least at neutral pH. The coumarin-(RFDF)4 conjugate is found to have the largest relative entropy value of 0.884 ± 0.001 between neutral and acidic coumarin ordering distributions. Thus, we posit that coumarin-(RFDF)4 containing peptide sequences are ideal candidates for pH-sensing bioelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Martin McCullagh
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74074, United States
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12
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Jiang X, Che G. A tetrathiafulvalene– l-glutamine conjugated derivative as a supramolecular gelator for embedded C 60 and absorbed rhodamine B. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01816c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An l-glutamine-containing tetrathiafulvalene gelator could form charge-transfer complex gels in the presence of C60, and also the native gel exhibited excellent absorption properties for the removal of rhodamine B from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Zhixue Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin Normal University
- Siping
- China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin Normal University
- Siping
- China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin Normal University
- Siping
- China
| | - Guangbo Che
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
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13
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Saito T, Yagai S. Hierarchical self-assembly of an azobenzene dyad with inverted amide connection into toroidal and tubular nanostructures. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3996-3999. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00833h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inversion of the amide connectivity of an azobenzene dyad, which self-assembles into chiral toroids and nanotubes, improves the thermal stability of the assemblies, however it negatively affects supramolecular chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuho Saito
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba 263-8522
- Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba 263-8522
- Japan
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14
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Sun Y, Fry CM, Shieh A, Parquette JR. Self-assembly of a robust, reduction-sensitive camptothecin nanotube. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10337-10340. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03528a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report that crosslinking a self-assembled, camptothecin nanotube via disulfide bond formation reversibly stabilizes the nanotubes at low concentrations and inhibits the release of CPT. In a reducing environment, the nanotubes dissociate leading to rapid drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Cathleen M. Fry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Aileen Shieh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Jon R. Parquette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
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15
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Thurston BA, Shapera EP, Tovar JD, Schleife A, Ferguson AL. Revealing the Sequence-Structure-Electronic Property Relation of Self-Assembling π-Conjugated Oligopeptides by Molecular and Quantum Mechanical Modeling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15221-15231. [PMID: 31657579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanoaggregates of π-conjugated synthetic peptides present a biocompatible and highly tunable alternative to silicon-based optical and electronic materials. Understanding the relationship between structural morphology and electronic properties of these assemblies is critical for understanding and controlling their mechanical, optical, and electronic responses. In this work, we combine all-atom classical molecular simulations with quantum mechanical electronic structure calculations to ascertain the sequence-structure-electronic property relationship within a family of Asp-X-X-quaterthiophene-X-X-Asp (DXX-OT4-XXD) oligopeptides in which X is one of the five amino acids {Ala, Phe, Gly, Ile, Val} ({A, F, G, I, V}). Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that smaller amino acid substituents (A, G) favor linear stacking within a peptide dimer, whereas larger groups (F, I, V) induce larger twist angles between the peptides. Density functional theory calculations on the dimer show the absorption spectrum to be dominated by transitions between carbon and sulfur p orbitals. Although the absorption spectrum is largely insensitive to the relative twist angle, the highest occupied molecular orbital strongly localizes onto one molecule within the dimer at large twist angles, impeding the efficiency of transport between molecules. Our results provide a fundamental understanding of the relation between peptide orientation and electronic structure and offer design precepts for rational engineering of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A Thurston
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies , Sandia National Laboratories , P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , United States
| | - Ethan P Shapera
- Department of Physics , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1110 West Green Street , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - John D Tovar
- Department of Chemistry, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - André Schleife
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , 1304 West Green Street , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 104 South Goodwin Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1205 West Clark Street , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
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16
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Nishitani N, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Self-assembly of photochromic diarylethene-peptide conjugates stabilized by β-sheet formation at the liquid/graphite interface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5099-5102. [PMID: 30968929 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02093d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2-D) self-assembly of diarylethene (DAE)-peptide conjugates at the octanoic acid/graphite interface was investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). The open-ring isomer of a DAE-peptide conjugate formed a stable 2-D molecular assembly with an antiparallel β-sheet structure. Quantitative analysis of surface coverage depending on concentration revealed a stronger stabilization effect of the oligopeptide than that of the alkyl group with a similar side chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Nishitani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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Kale TS, Ardoña HAM, Ertel A, Tovar JD. Torsional Impacts on Quaterthiophene Segments Confined within Peptidic Nanostructures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2270-2282. [PMID: 30642185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The co-assembly behavior of peptide-π-peptide and peptide-alkyl-peptide triblock molecules that form one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures under acidic, aqueous environments is dependent on the peptide sequence and the torsional constraints imposed within the nanomaterial volume. Although a hydrophilic tripeptide sequence (Asp-Asp-Asp, DDD-) previously promoted isolation/dilution of minority π-electron components in the matrix of aliphatic peptides, a β-sheet promoting sequence (Asp-Val-Val, DVV-) led to blocks of the two components distributed within larger 1D self-assembled nanostructures. Furthermore, torsional restrictions exerted on the oligoaromatic π-electron unit by the self-assembly process can lead to changes in its conformation (for example, planarity), which has ramifications on its functionality within the peptide matrix. Here, we study this impact on thiophene-based π-electron units with inherently different geometries, viz., relatively planar 2,2':5',2″:5″,2‴-quaterthiophene and 3″,4'-dimethyl-2,2':5',2″:5″,2‴-quaterthiophene, which is twisted at the core bithiophene unit due to the presence of two methyl groups. These peptides were co-assembled at 5 and 20 mol % with peptide- n-decyl-peptide triblock molecules, and the resultant assemblies were studied using UV-vis absorption, photoluminescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopies. We found that torsional restriction in dimethylated quaterthiophene units can impact the stacking behavior of these 1D peptide nanoassemblies and have consequences on their photophysical properties. Additionally, these insights help in the understanding of the dependence of the optoelectronic properties of these materials on both the intrinsic conformation of π-units and the geometric constraints imposed by their immediate local environment under aqueous conditions.
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18
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Mansbach RA, Ferguson AL. Patchy Particle Model of the Hierarchical Self-Assembly of π-Conjugated Optoelectronic Peptides. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10219-10236. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b05781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A. Mansbach
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Andrew L. Ferguson
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1304 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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19
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Ing NL, El-Naggar MY, Hochbaum AI. Going the Distance: Long-Range Conductivity in Protein and Peptide Bioelectronic Materials. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10403-10423. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Bortňák D, Milata V, Šofranko J, Végh D, Fronc M, Herich P, Kožíšek J, Hrivnáková V, Šoral M. On the formation of uncommon pyrazoloazepines from 5-aminopyrazoles as by-products in the Clauson-Kaas reaction. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Thurston BA, Ferguson AL. Machine learning and molecular design of self-assembling -conjugated oligopeptides. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2018.1469754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A. Thurston
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Andrew L. Ferguson
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, USA
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22
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Ardoña HAM, Kale TS, Ertel A, Tovar JD. Nonresonant and Local Field Effects in Peptidic Nanostructures Bearing Oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) Units. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:7435-7445. [PMID: 28683194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Peptide nanostructures with built-in electronic functions offer a new platform for biomaterial science. In this report, we interrogate the influences of the immediate peptide environment around oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) (OPV3) electronic units embedded within one-dimensional peptide nanostructures on the resulting photophysics as assessed by UV-vis, photoluminescence (PL), and circular dichroism spectroscopies. To do so, we studied peptide-core-peptide molecules where the core was either OPV3 or an aliphatic n-decyl chain. Coassemblies of these molecules wherein the π-core was diluted as a minority component within a majority aliphatic matrix allowed for the variation of interchromophore exciton coupling commonly found in homoassemblies of peptide-OPV3-peptide monomers. Upon coassembly of the peptides, a hydrophilic tripeptide sequence (Asp-Asp-Asp-, DDD-) promoted the dilution/isolation of the peptide-π-peptide molecules in the majority peptide-decyl-peptide matrix whereas a hydrophobic tripeptide sequence (Asp-Val-Val-, DVV-) promoted the formation of self-associated stacks within the nanostructures. We also performed temperature variation studies to induce the reorganization of π-electron units in the spatially constrained n-decyl environment. This study elucidates the nonresonant (e.g., conformational) and local peptide field effects enforced within the internal environment of peptide nanomaterials and how they lead to varied photophysical properties of the embedded π-electron cores. It offers new insights on tuning the optoelectronic properties of these types of materials on the basis of the local electronic and steric environment available within the nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herdeline Ann M Ardoña
- Department of Chemistry, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, ‡Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Tejaswini S Kale
- Department of Chemistry, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, ‡Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Alyssa Ertel
- Department of Chemistry, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, ‡Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - John D Tovar
- Department of Chemistry, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, ‡Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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23
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Satagopan S, Sun Y, Parquette JR, Tabita FR. Synthetic CO 2-fixation enzyme cascades immobilized on self-assembled nanostructures that enhance CO 2/O 2 selectivity of RubisCO. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:175. [PMID: 28694846 PMCID: PMC5501267 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing concerns over global warming and depletion of fossil-fuel reserves, it is attractive to develop innovative strategies to assimilate CO2, a greenhouse gas, into usable organic carbon. Cell-free systems can be designed to operate as catalytic platforms with enzymes that offer exceptional selectivity and efficiency, without the need to support ancillary reactions of metabolic pathways operating in intact cells. Such systems are yet to be exploited for applications involving CO2 utilization and subsequent conversion to valuable products, including biofuels. The Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle and the enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) play a pivotal role in global CO2 fixation. RESULTS We hereby demonstrate the co-assembly of two RubisCO-associated multienzyme cascades with self-assembled synthetic amphiphilic peptide nanostructures. The immobilized enzyme cascades sequentially convert either ribose-5-phosphate (R-5-P) or glucose, a simpler substrate, to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), the acceptor for incoming CO2 in the carboxylation reaction catalyzed by RubisCO. Protection from proteolytic degradation was observed in nanostructures associated with the small dimeric form of RubisCO and ancillary enzymes. Furthermore, nanostructures associated with a larger variant of RubisCO resulted in a significant enhancement of the enzyme's selectivity towards CO2, without adversely affecting the catalytic activity. CONCLUSIONS The ability to assemble a cascade of enzymes for CO2 capture using self-assembling nanostructure scaffolds with functional enhancements show promise for potentially engineering entire pathways (with RubisCO or other CO2-fixing enzymes) to redirect carbon from industrial effluents into useful bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Satagopan
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1292 USA
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1185 USA
| | - Jon R. Parquette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1185 USA
| | - F. Robert Tabita
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1292 USA
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24
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Mansbach RA, Ferguson AL. Coarse-Grained Molecular Simulation of the Hierarchical Self-Assembly of π-Conjugated Optoelectronic Peptides. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1684-1706. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A. Mansbach
- Department
of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Andrew L. Ferguson
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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25
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Blatz TJ, Fry MM, James EI, Albin TJ, Pollard Z, Kowalczyk T, Murphy AR. Templating the 3D structure of conducting polymers with self-assembling peptides. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:4690-4696. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization of pre-assembled peptide–thiophene monomers produced electrically conductive gels with fibrous, porous structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Blatz
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA
| | - M. M. Fry
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA
| | - E. I. James
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA
| | - T. J. Albin
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA
| | - Z. Pollard
- Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Center
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA
| | - T. Kowalczyk
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA
- Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Center
| | - A. R. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA
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26
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Mansbach RA, Ferguson AL. Control of the hierarchical assembly of π-conjugated optoelectronic peptides by pH and flow. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:5484-5502. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00923b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Coarse-grained molecular simulations reveal the influence of pH and flow on the self-assembly of DFAG-OPV3-GAFD optoelectronic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew L. Ferguson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
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27
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Kale TS, Tovar JD. Regulation of peptide-π-peptide nanostructure bundling: the impact of ‘cruciform’ π-electron segments. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Thurston BA, Tovar JD, Ferguson AL. Thermodynamics, morphology, and kinetics of early-stage self-assembly of π-conjugated oligopeptides. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2015.1125997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A. Thurston
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John D. Tovar
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew L. Ferguson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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29
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Sun Y, Kaplan JA, Shieh A, Sun HL, Croce CM, Grinstaff MW, Parquette JR. Self-assembly of a 5-fluorouracil-dipeptide hydrogel. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5254-7. [PMID: 26996124 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01195k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of 5-fluorouracil dilysine conjugates into self-supporting hydrogels, comprised of entangled nanofibers or rigid nanotubes with diameters of 10 and 16 nm, respectively, is reported. The rate of release of 5-Fu from the conjugates was highly dependent on concentration in solution, whereas, release from the fully formed hydrogels was significantly slower. The 5-Fu conjugate also exhibited promising in vitro cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines A549, H460 and H23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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30
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Yilmaz T, Guler E, Gumus ZP, Akbulut H, Aldemir E, Coskunol H, Goen Colak D, Cianga I, Yamada S, Timur S, Endo T, Yagci Y. Synthesis and application of a novel poly-l-phenylalanine electroactive macromonomer as matrix for the biosensing of ‘Abused Drug’ model. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01764a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biosensing application of a novel poly-l-phenylalanine-bearing electroactive macromonomer has been carried out.
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31
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Besar K, Ardoña HAM, Tovar JD, Katz HE. Demonstration of Hole Transport and Voltage Equilibration in Self-Assembled π-Conjugated Peptide Nanostructures Using Field-Effect Transistor Architectures. ACS NANO 2015; 9:12401-12409. [PMID: 26554697 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
π-Conjugated peptide materials are attractive for bioelectronics due to their unique photophysical characteristics, biofunctional interfaces, and processability under aqueous conditions. In order to be relevant for electrical applications, these types of materials must be able to support the passage of current and the transmission of applied voltages. Presented herein is an investigation of both the current and voltage transmission activities of one-dimensional π-conjugated peptide nanostructures. Observations of the nanostructures as both semiconducting and gate layers in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were made, and the effect of systematic changes in amino acid composition on the semiconducting/conducting functionality of the nanostructures was investigated. These molecular variations directly impacted the hole mobility values observed for the nanomaterial active layers over 3 orders of magnitude (∼0.02 to 5 × 10(-5) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)) when the nanostructures had quaterthiophene cores and the assembled peptide materials spanned source and drain electrodes. Peptides without the quaterthiophene core were used as controls and did not show field-effect currents, verifying that the transport properties of the nanostructures rely on the semiconducting behavior of the π-electron core and not just ionic rearrangements. We also showed that the nanomaterials could act as gate electrodes and assessed the effect of varying the gate dielectric layer thickness in devices where the conventional organic semiconductor pentacene spanned the source and drain electrodes in a top-contact OFET, showing an optimum performance with 35-40 nm dielectric thickness. This study shows that these peptides that self-assemble in aqueous environments can be used successfully to transmit electronic signals over biologically relevant distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Besar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, and §Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 United States
| | - Herdeline Ann M Ardoña
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, and §Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 United States
| | - John D Tovar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, and §Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 United States
| | - Howard E Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, and §Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 United States
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Berdugo C, Nalluri SKM, Javid N, Escuder B, Miravet JF, Ulijn RV. Dynamic Peptide Library for the Discovery of Charge Transfer Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:25946-54. [PMID: 26540455 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Coupling of peptide self-assembly to dynamic sequence exchange provides a useful approach for the discovery of self-assembling materials. In here, we demonstrate the discovery and optimization of aqueous, gel-phase nanostructures based on dynamically exchanging peptide sequences that self-select to maximize charge transfer of n-type semiconducting naphthalenediimide (NDI)-dipeptide bioconjugates with various π-electron-rich donors (dialkoxy/hydroxy/amino-naphthalene or pyrene derivatives). These gel-phase peptide libraries are characterized by spectroscopy (UV-vis and fluorescence), microscopy (TEM), HPLC, and oscillatory rheology and it is found that, of the various peptide sequences explored (tyrosine Y-NDI with tyrosine Y, phenylalanine F, leucine L, valine V, alanine A or glycine G-NH2), the optimum sequence is tyrosine-phenylalanine in each case; however, both its absolute and relative yield amplification is dictated by the properties of the donor component, indicating cooperativity of peptide sequence and donor/acceptor pairs in assembly. The methodology provides an in situ discovery tool for nanostructures that enable dynamic interfacing of supramolecular electronics with aqueous (biological) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Berdugo
- WestCHEM/Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I , Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Siva Krishna Mohan Nalluri
- WestCHEM/Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Nadeem Javid
- WestCHEM/Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriu Escuder
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I , Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Juan F Miravet
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I , Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Rein V Ulijn
- WestCHEM/Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) and Hunter College, City University of New York (CUNY) , 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
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33
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Ardoña HAM, Tovar JD. Peptide π-Electron Conjugates: Organic Electronics for Biology? Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2290-302. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Herdeline Ann M. Ardoña
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and §Department of Materials
Science and
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 United States
| | - John D. Tovar
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and §Department of Materials
Science and
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 United States
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34
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Ikeda M, Kawakami M, Kitade Y. Pro-apoptotic Peptide Amphiphile Self-assembled with the Assistance of Polycations. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Maika Kawakami
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University
| | - Yukio Kitade
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University
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35
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Seki S, Saeki A, Sakurai T, Sakamaki D. Charge carrier mobility in organic molecular materials probed by electromagnetic waves. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:11093-113. [PMID: 24776977 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00473f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Charge carrier mobility is an essential parameter providing control over the performance of semiconductor devices fabricated using a variety of organic molecular materials. Recent design strategies toward molecular materials have been directed at the substitution of amorphous silicon-based semiconductors; accordingly, numerous measurement techniques have been designed and developed to probe the electronic conducting nature of organic materials bearing extremely wide structural variations in comparison with inorganic and/or metal-oxide semiconductor materials. The present perspective highlights the evaluation methodologies of charge carrier mobility in organic materials, as well as the merits and demerits of techniques examining the feasibility of organic molecules, crystals, and supramolecular assemblies in semiconductor applications. Beyond the simple substitution of amorphous silicon, we have attempted to address in this perspective the systematic use of measurement techniques for future development of organic molecular semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Seki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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36
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Tovar JD. Peptide Nanostructures with π-Ways: Photophysical Consequences of Peptide/π-Electron Molecular Self-Assembly. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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37
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Yagai S. Supramolecularly Engineered Functional π-Assemblies Based on Complementary Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiki Yagai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University
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38
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Wang X, Li Y, Zhong C. Amyloid-directed assembly of nanostructures and functional devices for bionanoelectronics. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4953-4958. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-directed assembly of nanostructures and amyloid-enabled functional devices are highlighted to show the promise of amyloids for future bionanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Integrative Bio-inspired Molecular Engineering (IBME) group
- School of Physical Science and Technology (SPST)
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yingfeng Li
- Integrative Bio-inspired Molecular Engineering (IBME) group
- School of Physical Science and Technology (SPST)
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Integrative Bio-inspired Molecular Engineering (IBME) group
- School of Physical Science and Technology (SPST)
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai
- China
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39
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Hardy JG, Amend MN, Geissler S, Lynch VM, Schmidt CE. Peptide-directed assembly of functional supramolecular polymers for biomedical applications: electroactive molecular tongue-twisters (oligoalanine–oligoaniline–oligoalanine) for electrochemically enhanced drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5005-5009. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00106d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the preparation and characterization of films of electroactive supramolecular polymers based on non-electroactive oligoalanines and electroactive oligoanilines.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G. Hardy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Megan N. Amend
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Sydney Geissler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Christine E. Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
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40
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Pandeeswar M, Khare H, Ramakumar S, Govindaraju T. Crystallographic insight-guided nanoarchitectonics and conductivity modulation of an n-type organic semiconductor through peptide conjugation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8315-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01996f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystallographic insight-guided and bio-inspired molecular nanoarchitectonics of an n-type organic semiconductor is described to understand the structure–property correlation, for modulation of functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pandeeswar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
| | | | | | - T. Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
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41
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Kim SH, Sun Y, Kaplan JA, Grinstaff MW, Parquette JR. Photo-crosslinking of a self-assembled coumarin-dipeptide hydrogel. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00038f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photo-crosslinking of a coumarin-functionalized dipeptide hydrogel enhances the stability of the self-assembled nanofibers that comprise the hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hye Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Jonah A. Kaplan
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry
- Boston University
- Boston
- USA
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry
- Boston University
- Boston
- USA
| | - Jon R. Parquette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
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42
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Pandeeswar M, Govindaraju T. Bioinspired Nanoarchitectonics of Naphthalene Diimide to Access 2D Sheets of Tunable Size, Shape, and Optoelectronic Properties. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-014-0144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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43
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Avinash MB, Govindaraju T. Nanoarchitectonics of biomolecular assemblies for functional applications. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13348-69. [PMID: 25287110 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04340e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The stringent processes of natural selection and evolution have enabled extraordinary structure-function properties of biomolecules. Specifically, the archetypal designs of biomolecules, such as amino acids, nucleobases, carbohydrates and lipids amongst others, encode unparalleled information, selectivity and specificity. The integration of biomolecules either with functional molecules or with an embodied functionality ensures an eclectic approach for novel and advanced nanotechnological applications ranging from electronics to biomedicine, besides bright prospects in systems chemistry and synthetic biology. Given this intriguing scenario, our feature article intends to shed light on the emerging field of functional biomolecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Avinash
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit (NCU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P. O., Bangalore 560064, India.
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44
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Nalluri SKM, Shivarova N, Kanibolotsky AL, Zelzer M, Gupta S, Frederix PWJM, Skabara PJ, Gleskova H, Ulijn RV. Conducting nanofibers and organogels derived from the self-assembly of tetrathiafulvalene-appended dipeptides. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:12429-37. [PMID: 25259412 DOI: 10.1021/la503459y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the nonaqueous self-assembly of a low-molecular-mass organic gelator based on an electroactive p-type tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-dipeptide bioconjugate. We show that a TTF moiety appended with diphenylalanine amide derivative (TTF-FF-NH2) self-assembles into one-dimensional nanofibers that further lead to the formation of self-supporting organogels in chloroform and ethyl acetate. Upon doping of the gels with electron acceptors (TCNQ/iodine vapor), stable two-component charge transfer gels are produced in chloroform and ethyl acetate. These gels are characterized by various spectroscopy (UV-vis-NIR, FTIR, and CD), microscopy (AFM and TEM), rheology, and cyclic voltammetry techniques. Furthermore, conductivity measurements performed on TTF-FF-NH2 xerogel nanofiber networks formed between gold electrodes on a glass surface indicate that these nanofibers show a remarkable enhancement in the conductivity after doping with TCNQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Krishna Mohan Nalluri
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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45
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Jędrzejewska H, Wierzbicki M, Cmoch P, Rissanen K, Szumna A. Dynamic Formation of Hybrid Peptidic Capsules by Chiral Self-Sorting and Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13760-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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46
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Jędrzejewska H, Wierzbicki M, Cmoch P, Rissanen K, Szumna A. Dynamic Formation of Hybrid Peptidic Capsules by Chiral Self-Sorting and Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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47
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Kim SH, Parquette JR. 1D Self-assembly of Terthiophene (3T)–Naphthalenediimide (NDI) Dyad. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Se Hye Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University
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48
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Wall BD, Zhou Y, Mei S, Ardoña HAM, Ferguson AL, Tovar JD. Variation of formal hydrogen-bonding networks within electronically delocalized π-conjugated oligopeptide nanostructures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:11375-11385. [PMID: 25181015 DOI: 10.1021/la501999g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This photophysical study characterizes the generality of intermolecular electronic interactions present within nanomaterials derived from self-assembling oligopeptides with embedded π-conjugated oligophenylenevinylene (OPV) subunits stilbene and distyrylbenzene that in principle present two distinct β-sheet motifs. Two different synthetic approaches led to oligopeptides that upon self-assembly are expected to self-assemble into multimeric aggregates stabilized by β-sheet-like secondary structures. The target molecules express either two C-termini linked to the central OPV core (symmetric peptides) or the more common N-termini to C-termini polarity typical of natural oligopeptides (nonsymmetric peptides). Both peptide secondary structures were shown to form extended 1-D peptide aggregates with intimate intermolecular π-electron interactions. Differences in length of the π-conjugated OPV segments resulted in differing extents of intermolecular interactions and the resulting photophysics. The peptides containing the shorter stilbene (OPV2) units showed little ground state interactions and resulted in excimeric emission, while the longer distyrylbenzene (OPV3) peptides had different ground state interactions between adjacent π-conjugated subunits resulting in either perturbed electronic properties arising from exciton coupling or excimer-like excited states. Molecular dynamics simulations of nascent aggregate formation predict peptide dimerization to be a spontaneous process, possessing thermodynamic driving potentials in the range 2-6 kcal/mol for the four molecules considered. Antiparallel stacking of the peptides containing an OPV3 subunit is thermodynamically favored over the parallel orientation, whereas both arrangements are equally favored for the peptides containing an OPV2 subunit. This study validates the generality of peptide-π-peptide self-assembly to provide electronically delocalized supramolecular structures and suggests flexibility in peptide sequence design as a way to tune the material properties of π-conjugated supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Wall
- Department of Chemistry, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, ‡Institute of NanoBioTechnology, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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49
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Basak D, Das A, Ghosh S. Hydrogen-bonding driven luminescent assembly and efficient Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) in a dialkoxynaphthalene-based organogel. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08920k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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50
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Wall BD, Zacca AE, Sanders AM, Wilson WL, Ferguson AL, Tovar JD. Supramolecular polymorphism: tunable electronic interactions within π-conjugated peptide nanostructures dictated by primary amino acid sequence. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5946-5956. [PMID: 24802289 DOI: 10.1021/la500222y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic study of the photophysical properties of one-dimensional electronically delocalized nanostructures assembled from π-conjugated subunits embedded within oligopeptide backbones. The nature of the excited states within these nanostructures is studied as a function of primary amino acid sequence utilizing steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies, and their atomistic structure is probed by molecular simulation. Variations introduced into the amino acid side chains at specific residue locations along the molecular peptide backbone lead to pronounced changes in the observed photophysical behavior of the fibrillar structures (spanning H-like excitonic coupling and disordered excimeric coupling) that arise from subtle changes in the π-stacking within them. These results indicate that residue modification-in terms of relative size, solvation properties, and with respect to the distance from the central π-electron core-enables the ability to tune chromophore packing and the resulting photophysics of supramolecular assemblies of π-conjugated bioelectronic materials in a rational and systematic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Wall
- Department of Chemistry, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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