1
|
Crawford C, Brown LL, Costello RB, Deuster PA. Select Dietary Supplement Ingredients for Preserving and Protecting the Immune System in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:4604. [PMID: 36364865 PMCID: PMC9655067 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune health products represent approximately 10% of all US dietary supplement sales. Claims made on products to support or boost the immune system are attractive to the otherwise healthy consumer who may or may not be experiencing certain life stressors. The purpose of this systematic review is to critically evaluate the purported benefits and/or potential harms of select dietary supplement ingredients frequently listed on the labels of products having immune health or related market claims. With a focus on resilience, research questions were related to whether dietary supplement ingredients are efficacious in preserving and protecting immune health in healthy individuals; and when faced with a stressor, whether taking a supplement prophylactically can assist in maintaining health and resisting or bouncing back more quickly. Thirty-nine randomized controlled studies involving populations including children, adults and seniors exposed to stressors, such as air travel, intense exercise, academic stress, and/or exposure to winter weather, met eligibility criteria. The studies included eight of the 27 supplement ingredients identified through a market-driven scoping review. Those ingredients used in single ingredient products were echinacea, elderberry, garlic, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and zinc. Whereas some studies may point to evidence for benefit, specific gaps preclude the authors from making firm statements with regard to the overall evidence-base for these products and ingredients and in answering the research questions. As we move toward a vision of health promotion and resilience rather than a sole focus on disease prevention and treatment, further work in this area of dietary supplements is of utmost importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Crawford
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - LaVerne L. Brown
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Rebecca B. Costello
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Patricia A. Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Current opinion on the role of vitamin D supplementation in respiratory infections and asthma/COPD exacerbations: A need to establish publication guidelines for overcoming the unpublished data. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:755-777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
3
|
Lyons S, Lorigan P, Green AC, Ferguson A, Epton T. Reasons for indoor tanning use and the acceptability of alternatives: A qualitative study. Soc Sci Med 2021; 286:114331. [PMID: 34438184 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Using indoor tanning devices is associated with substantial health consequences, such as an increased risk of melanoma and other skin cancers. Many people including minors and some at high risk of skin cancer continue to use these devices. In the absence of effective restrictions on use, it is important that behaviour change interventions are designed to reduce indoor tanning. OBJECTIVE To explore reasons for use of indoor tanning devices and the acceptability of alternatives in adult users residing in North-West England. METHODS Participants were required to be current indoor tanners aged 18 years and above and were recruited online. Twenty-one participants took part in either a focus group or semi-structured interview. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS Six themes were identified: psychological benefits; improving physical health; denial of health risks; alternatives do not meet psychological needs; alternatives do not meet physical needs; and perceived side-effects. Participants used indoor tanning devices to improve their self-esteem and to prevent sun damage to their skin (by gaining a 'base tan'). Participants appeared to justify their usage by responding defensively to avoid accepting they were at risk, exaggerating the benefits of indoor tanning, and discounting alternatives to indoor tanning. Alternatives to indoor tanning were perceived as risky for health, inadequate to provide the desired aesthetic, and incapable of meeting their self-esteem needs. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to reduce indoor tanning behaviour should increase sources of self-esteem other than appearance, increase media literacy and address defensive responses to information around indoor tanning and alternatives. Further research is needed to develop these interventions and assess their feasibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lyons
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paul Lorigan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK; Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Adele C Green
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, UK; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - Ashley Ferguson
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Tracy Epton
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abioye AI, Bromage S, Fawzi W. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e003176. [PMID: 33472840 PMCID: PMC7818810 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) are a leading cause of ill-health and death globally. Individual or multiple micronutrients have been shown to modulate immune function and affect the risk and severity of a number of infectious diseases. We systematically reviewed the evidence on the impact of micronutrient supplements to reduce the occurrence of ARIs and shorten the duration of ARI symptoms among adults. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the pooled effects of vitamin D, vitamin C, zinc and multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) on the occurrence of ARIs and the duration of ARI symptoms. Vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of ARI (risk ratio (RR)=0.97; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.00; p=0.028) and shortened the duration of symptoms (per cent difference: -6% (95% CI -9% to -2%; p=0.003)). The RR of vitamin D to prevent ARI was farther from the null when diagnosis was based on clinical diagnosis or laboratory testing, compared with self-report and when the loading dose was <60 000 IU. Vitamin C supplementation reduced the risk of ARIs (RR=0.96; 95% CI 0.93 to 0.99; p=0.01) and shortened the duration of symptoms (per cent difference: -9% (95% CI -16% to -2%; p=0.014)). The effect of vitamin C on preventing ARI was stronger among men and in middle-income countries, compared with women and high-income countries, respectively. Zinc supplementation did not reduce the risk of ARIs but shortened the duration of symptoms substantially (per cent difference: -47% (95% CI -73% to -21%; p=0.0004)). Our synthesis of global evidence from randomised controlled trials indicates that micronutrient supplements including zinc, vitamins C and D, and multiple micronutrient supplements may be modestly effective in preventing ARIs and improving their clinical course. Further research is warranted to better understand the effectiveness that individual or multiple micronutrients have on SARS-CoV-2 infection and treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajibola Ibraheem Abioye
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sabri Bromage
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wafaie Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang MX, Win SS, Pang J. Zinc Supplementation Reduces Common Cold Duration among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials with Micronutrients Supplementation. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:86-99. [PMID: 32342851 PMCID: PMC7356429 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The common cold had resulted in significant economic and social burden worldwide. The effect of vitamin C on preventing common cold in healthy adults has been investigated extensively, but not that of other micronutrients. Thus, we aim to assess the effects of providing micronutrients singly through oral means, on cold incidence, and/or management (in terms of cold duration and symptom severity) in healthy adults from systematically searched randomized controlled trials. From four electronic databases, 660 identified studies were screened and data were extracted from 20 studies (zinc, 10; vitamin D, 8; and vitamins A and E, 2). The quality of selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and certainty in the outcomes was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The review found that micronutrients supplementation, except vitamin C, may not prevent cold incidence or reduce symptom severity among healthy adults. However, zinc supplementation was observed to potentially reduce cold duration by 2.25 days (when zinc is provided singly, 95% CI: -3.39, -1.12). This suggests that zinc supplementation may reduce the overall burden due to common cold among healthy adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xian Wang
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Shwe Sin Win
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Junxiong Pang
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stapleton JL, Hillhouse J. Industry influence in indoor tanning research. BMJ 2020; 368:m345. [PMID: 32019763 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerod L Stapleton
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508-0679, USA
| | - Joel Hillhouse
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Weber B, Marculescu R, Radakovic S, Tanew A. Serum levels of folate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and cobalamin during UVB phototherapy: findings in a large prospective trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:385-391. [PMID: 31494977 PMCID: PMC7027503 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Narrowband UVB phototherapy (NB‐UVB) is a mainstay in the treatment of numerous inflammatory dermatoses. Whereas, a wealth of studies has shown that NB‐UVB treatment increases 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D) levels, only sparse and controversial data exist on its effect on serum folate and cobalamin. Objectives To determine whether exposure to NB‐UVB alters serum folate or cobalamin levels. Methods A single‐centre, prospective, open observational study on 101 patients subjected to NB‐UVB phototherapy between late fall and early spring. Serum folate, 25(OH)D and cobalamin levels were measured after 0, 12, 24 and 36 NB‐UVB exposures. Results After 12 NB‐UVB exposures a significant decrease of mean serum folate (−1.0 nmol/L; P = 0.03) and cobalamin (−14.5 pmol/L, P = 0.03) levels was observed whereas serum levels of 25(OH)D showed a significant increase (35.4 nmol/L, P < 0.0001). Conclusions A standard course of NB‐UVB induces a small but significant decrease of serum folate and cobalamin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Weber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Marculescu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Radakovic
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Tanew
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pierret L, Suppa M, Gandini S, Del Marmol V, Gutermuth J. Overview on vitamin D and sunbed use. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33 Suppl 2:28-33. [PMID: 30811696 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D seems to be associated with a protective effect in a vast range of diseases, including cardiovascular, autoimmune and oncologic conditions. Since ultraviolet (UV) B light is the most important prerequisite for the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D, sunbeds are able to increase serum vitamin D levels, although only transiently in most cases. In this scenario, the artificial tanning industry relentlessly tries to promote the use of sunbeds as a 'safe' therapeutic measure to achieve an adequate serum vitamin D status. The World Health Organization classified UV-emitting tanning devices, as well as the whole UV spectrum, as group-1 carcinogens, as they significantly increase the risk of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. In case of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency, the current risk-benefit ratio is therefore in favour of vitamin D supplementation instead of sunbed use. Artificial tanning devices should never be considered as an option to achieve an appropriate vitamin D status. Their supposedly beneficial effects, vastly publicised by the artificial tanning industry, are not worth the carcinogenic risk associated with sunbed use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Pierret
- Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Suppa
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Gandini
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - V Del Marmol
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Gutermuth
- Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Self-Care for Common Colds: The Pivotal Role of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Zinc, and Echinacea in Three Main Immune Interactive Clusters (Physical Barriers, Innate and Adaptive Immunity) Involved during an Episode of Common Colds-Practical Advice on Dosages and on the Time to Take These Nutrients/Botanicals in order to Prevent or Treat Common Colds. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5813095. [PMID: 29853961 PMCID: PMC5949172 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5813095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining a normal healthy immune defense system lowers the incidence and/or the severity of symptoms and/or the duration of common cold (CC). Physical barriers and innate and adaptive immunity have been involved during a CC episode. Vitamins C and D, zinc, and Echinacea have evidence-based efficacy on these immune system barriers. This review includes 82 eligible studies to consider the preventive role of these nutrients in immune clusters and in CC to provide advice on dosage and assumption of these nutrients. Regarding vitamin C, regular supplementation (1 to 2 g/day) has shown that vitamin C reduces the duration (in adults by 8%, in children by 14%) and the severity of CC. Considering zinc, the supplementation may shorten the duration of colds by approximately 33%. CC patients may be instructed to try zinc within 24 hours of onset of symptoms. As for vitamin D, the supplementation protected against CC overall, considering baseline levels and age. Patients with vitamin D deficiency and those not receiving bolus doses experienced the most benefit. Regarding Echinacea, prophylactic treatment with this extract (2400 mg/day) over 4 months appeared to be beneficial for preventing/treating CC. In conclusion, the current evidence of efficacy for zinc, vitamins D and C, and Echinacea is so interesting that CC patients may be encouraged to try them for preventing/treating their colds, although further studies are needed on this topic.
Collapse
|
10
|
Doré JF, Chignol MC. UV Driven Tanning Salons: Danger on Main Street. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 996:335-346. [PMID: 29124713 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56017-5_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Appearing in the early 1980s, at a time when UVA was considered as relatively safe, the tanning industry has substantially developed in occidental countries, especially in Northern European countries. In Europe, the erythemally-weighted irradiance of a modern sunbed should not exceed 0.3 W/m2, equivalent to an UV index of 12, i.e. to a tropical midday sun, but increased in recent years, the UV spectrum emitted by sunbeds had evolved towards higher UVA irradiance and solariums UV had become even less similar to natural sun.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Doré
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, Cedex 08, 69373, Lyon, France.
| | - Marie-Christine Chignol
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, Cedex 08, 69373, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Despite it is now undeniable that indoor tanning exposure is associated with a number of skin cancers, its favorable effects on vitamin D status may bear some underestimated and currently unexplored health benefits. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin naturally present in a limited number of foods, the concentration of which largely depends on ultraviolet (UV) B sources exposure in humans. A strong, graded, and inverse association has been documented between serum vitamin D and the risk of developing certain types of malignancy, especially colorectal, breast, lung, bladder, and kidney cancers. The overall mortality from any type of cancer is also apparently lower in subjects with increased values of serum vitamin D. Both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms have been identified to support the anticancer effects of vitamin D. Notably, UVB radiation emitted from indoor tanning devices is effective to linearly increase the serum vitamin D concentration, up to twofold. Therefore, some favorable effects against the risk of developing many human diseases, including nonskin cancers, cannot be excluded at first glance, although they may not be only linked to vitamin D status. Further large, prospective or randomized studies should be hence planned to definitely establish whether the unfavorable effects of indoor tanning exposure on skin cancers may be outweighed by the still unexplored benefits attributable to amelioration of vitamin D status.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang S, Kortenaar JL, Hull MW, Arbess G, Owen JR, Tan DH. Feasibility of vitamin D supplementation interventions to mitigate HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis-related bone mineral density loss: a cross-sectional survey. Patient Prefer Adherence 2018; 12:2197-2204. [PMID: 30410315 PMCID: PMC6199226 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s178403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) causes subclinical decreases in bone mineral density (BMD). We surveyed PrEP users to assess feasibility for a clinical trial of vitamin D supplementation to mitigate TDF-induced BMD loss. METHODS We recruited participants using or starting PrEP in Toronto and Vancouver. The primary objective was to assess the acceptability of daily or weekly vitamin D supplementation. We also assessed the acceptability of calcium supplementation, existing use of non-pharmacological bone health interventions, prevalence of osteoporosis risk factors, and bone health knowledge (Osteoporosis Knowledge Test, OKT). RESULTS Of 161 participants, 72.1% were current PrEP users, 18.0% were starting PrEP, and 9.9% did not indicate their PrEP status. All identified as males, 88.8% as gays, and 67.1% as Whites. Median (IQR) age was 32.0 (29.0, 40.0) years, and 62.1% reported family income $$60,000/year. Among those not already using the interventions, willingness to supplement with daily vitamin D, weekly vitamin D, or daily calcium was very high at 90.9%, 96.4%, and 93.0 %, respectively. Only 31.0% reported adequate dietary calcium intake, while 42.9% reported $1 osteoporosis risk factor (most commonly, alcohol and smoking). Overall bone health knowledge was low, as median (IQR) OKT score was 16/32. In post hoc comparisons, current PrEP users may have been more likely than new PrEP users to engage in bone loading exercise (Bone-specific Physical Activity Questionnaire score=12.5 vs 3.6, P=0.001) and have greater bone health knowledge (OKT=17 vs 14, P=0.08), but they had similar levels of current vitamin D supplementation (37.4% vs 21.4%, P=0.11), calcium supplementation (11.2% vs 13.8%, P=0.70), and adequate dietary calcium intake (32.7% vs 25.0%, P=0.43). DISCUSSION The high acceptability of vitamin D and calcium supplementation in this cohort suggests that enrollment into a clinical trial of such interventions to mitigate PrEP-induced BMD loss is feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyuan Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | - Jean-Luc Kortenaar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark W Hull
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gordon Arbess
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Rm Owen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Darrell Hs Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Weber B, Bachmann CC, Braun R, Abraham AG, Serra AL, Hofbauer GFL. 25-Hydroxyvitamin-D3 serum modulation after use of sunbeds compliant with European Union standards: A randomized open observational controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 77:48-54. [PMID: 28416344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular use of sunbed exposure has been reported to increase 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 [25(OH)D] serum levels. However, the influence of sunbeds compliant with the recent European Union standard EN-60335-2-27 on 25(OH)D serum levels is unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated the impact of standard sunbed use compliant with the European Union standard on 25(OH)D serum modulation and well-being. METHODS In a randomized controlled study, 25(OH)D serum levels were measured at enrollment, after 1 week, and after completion of the 12-week period of sunbed use with twice weekly exposure and compared with the control group without any sunbed exposure. RESULTS In the sunbed intervention group (N = 31), a 27% increase of mean 25(OH)D levels was noted 1 week after starting sunbed use (P < .01). However, after 12 weeks, mean 25(OH)D levels had declined and were no longer different from baseline (P = .06). After 12 weeks, 25(OH)D levels did not differ between the intervention and control group (P = .36). Also the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index score did not differ between the sunbed and control groups (P = .19). LIMITATIONS For ethical reasons recruitment was limited to persons actively seeking sunbed exposure. CONCLUSIONS Standard use of sunbeds compliant with the European Union standard induced a transient increase of 25(OH)D levels, whereas no change in well-being was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Weber
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chantal C Bachmann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Braun
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alison G Abraham
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andreas L Serra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hirslanden Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Günther F L Hofbauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Hirslanden Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Vuichard Gysin D, Dao D, Gysin CM, Lytvyn L, Loeb M. Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Respiratory Tract Infections in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162996. [PMID: 27631625 PMCID: PMC5025082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Vitamin D supplementation may be a simple preventive measure against respiratory tract infections (RTIs) but evidence from randomized controlled trials is inconclusive. We aimed to systematically summarize results from interventions studying the protective effect of vitamin D supplementation on clinical and laboratory confirmed RTIs in healthy adults and children. Methods Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL were screened from inception until present (last updated in January 2016) completed by a search of the grey literature, clinical trial registers and conference abstracts. We included randomized trials comparing vitamin D versus placebo or no treatment. Two independent reviewers were responsible for study selection and data extraction. Cochrane’s risk of bias tool and the GRADE approach were used for quality assessment. Estimates were pooled with random-effects models. Heterogeneity was explored by sub-group and meta-regression analyses. Results Of 2627 original hits, 15 trials including 7053 individuals were ultimately eligible. All used oral cholecalciferol. We found a 6% risk reduction with vitamin D3 supplementation on clinical RTIs, but the result was not statistically significant (RR 0.94; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.00). Heterogeneity was large (I-square 57%) and overall study quality was low. There were too few studies to reliably assess a potential risk reduction of laboratory confirmed RTI. Evidence was insufficient to demonstrate an association between vitamin D supplementation and risk of clinical RTI in sub-groups with vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions In previously healthy individuals vitamin D supplementation does not reduce the risk of clinical RTIs. However, this conclusion is based on a meta-analysis where the included studies differed with respect to population, baseline vitamin D levels and study length. This needs to be considered when interpreting the results. Future trials should focus on vitamin D deficient individuals and apply more objective and standardized outcome measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Vuichard Gysin
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dyda Dao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lyubov Lytvyn
- Department of Child Health and Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Loeb
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Boeke CE, Tamimi RM, Berkey CS, Colditz GA, Giovannucci E, Malspeis S, Willett WC, Frazier AL. Adolescent dietary vitamin D and sun exposure in relation to benign breast disease. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:1181-7. [PMID: 26084210 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D may reduce cell proliferation and tumor growth in breast tissue, and exposure may be most important during adolescence when breast tissue is developing. In the Nurses' Health Study II, higher recalled adolescent vitamin D intake was associated with a lower risk of benign breast disease (BBD). Our study aimed to assess adolescent vitamin D exposure in relation to BBD in young women. METHODS Vitamin D was assessed in 6,593 adolescent girls (9-15 years of age at baseline) in the prospective Growing Up Today Study cohort using the mean energy-adjusted intakes from food frequency questionnaires in 1996, 1997, and 1998. In 1999, 5,286 girls reported skin color, sunscreen use, tanning bed use, and number of sunburns in the past year, and we used state of residence to assess low versus high ultraviolet index. Biopsy-confirmed BBD was reported on questionnaires in 2005, 2007, and 2010 (n = 122). RESULTS Dietary vitamin D, tanning behaviors, and other sun exposure variables were not significantly associated with BBD in logistic regression models adjusted for age, family history of breast cancer or BBD, age at menarche, nulliparity, alcohol intake, body mass index, and physical activity. The relative risk for the top (>467 IU/day) versus bottom (<243 IU/day) quartile of vitamin D intake was 0.76 (95 % CI 0.47, 1.23). CONCLUSIONS Sun exposure was not significantly associated with BBD in this prospective cohort. However, a suggestive inverse association between dietary vitamin D and BBD was observed that merits further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Boeke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Juzeniene A, Baturaite Z, Lagunova Z, Grigalavicius M, Porojnicu AC, Bruland ØS, Moan J. Influence of multiple UV exposures on serum cobalamin and vitamin D levels in healthy females. Scand J Public Health 2015; 43:324-30. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494815572206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major source for vitamin D production. Furthermore, UV destroys cobalamins (also called vitamin B12) in solution. However, data from humans are scarce. The aim of the present study was to clarify if UV exposure has any effect on serum cobalamins, as compared to vitamin D levels, in healthy volunteers. Methods: This single-center, open observational study was conducted in a research institute: 23 non-pregnant, non-lactating, healthy, fair-skinned female subjects had their serum cobalamin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D, the marker for vitamin D status) levels measured before and after exposure to UV. Results: UV exposure increased serum 25(OH)D levels from 61.6 nmol/L to 88.5 nmol/L (44%; p < 0.001). A statistically insignificant decay in serum cobalamin levels from 300 pmol/L to 260 pmol/L (13%; p = 0.142) was observed in the volunteers after the first UV exposure; however, no additional decline of statistical significance was seen after subsequent exposures. Conclusions: Multiple exposure to UV radiation give a significant increase in 25(OH)D levels, but has no detrimental effect on cobalamin concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zivile Baturaite
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zoya Lagunova
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mantas Grigalavicius
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alina C. Porojnicu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Drammen hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - Øyvind S. Bruland
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Moan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Effect of bedtime on recurrent aphthous stomatitis in college students. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 119:196-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
19
|
Abstract
The active form of vitamin D has effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses that may influence the outcome in many infectious diseases. Observational studies conclusively show that a low vitamin D status is associated with an increased occurrence of respiratory viral infections, which globally represent significant health and financial burdens. However, no consistent protective effects are evident in prospective clinical trials carried out to date where vitamin D was provided as a dietary supplement, except possibly in cases where the starting vitamin D status of the individual was considered deficient. Thus far, vitamin D has not been found to enhance the immune response to vaccines. The design of future prospective clinical trials assessing a role for vitamin D in respiratory viral infections requires very careful planning to avoid the uncertainties associated with the data available currently.
Collapse
|
20
|
Norval M, de Gruijl FR. Comment on Sallander et al. 'Vitamin D levels after UVB radiation: effects by UVA additions in a randomized controlled trial'. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2014; 30:176-7. [PMID: 24684201 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Norval
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lương KVQ, Nguyễn LTH. The roles of vitamin D in seborrhoeic keratosis: possible genetic and cellular signalling mechanisms. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 35:525-31. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. v. q. Lương
- Vietnamese American Medical Research Foundation; 14971 Brookhurst St. Westminster CA 92683 U.S.A
| | - L. T. H. Nguyễn
- Vietnamese American Medical Research Foundation; 14971 Brookhurst St. Westminster CA 92683 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|