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Nehra P, Chauhan RP. Antimicrobial activity of nanocellulose composite hydrogel isolated from an agricultural waste. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:133. [PMID: 36959521 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance have become one of the extreme health threats of this century. Overuse of antibiotics leads to pollution. To overcome this threat, the current strategy is to develop a substitute for these antibiotics that are extracted from natural sources. In this study, nanocellulose (NC) was isolated from an agricultural waste (wheat straw) and then oxidized with the help of sodium periodate to obtain dialdehyde nanocellulose (DA-NC). Then, chitosan (Ch) and DA-NC are both crosslinked with each other in different weight ratios, to obtain NC/Ch composite hydrogels. The resulted hydrogel is also characterized to confirm its structure, morphology and composition. The hydrogel was also tested for antimicrobial activities against bacteria, algae as well as fungal species to check its applicability for biomedical applications. The six microbes used for the ananlysis are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani. The antimicrobial assessment of the hydrogel is evaluated via inhibition zone and optical density analysis. The resulted nanocellulose/chitosan (NC/Ch) hydrogel shows the uniform distribution of nanocellulose in the composite and the synergistic effect of their properties. Hydrogel serves excellent antimicrobial results which makes it a promising candidate for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Nehra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, 136119, India.
| | - Rishi Pal Chauhan
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, 136119, India
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2
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Bangar SP, Harussani M, Ilyas R, Ashogbon AO, Singh A, Trif M, Jafari SM. Surface modifications of cellulose nanocrystals: Processes, properties, and applications. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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3
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Nanocellulose-Based Composite Materials Used in Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132648. [PMID: 35808693 PMCID: PMC9268916 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose has lately emerged as one of the most promising “green” materials due to its unique properties. Nanocellulose can be mainly divided into three types, i.e., cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and bacterial cellulose (BC). With the rapid development of technology, nanocellulose has been designed into multidimensional structures, including 1D (nanofibers, microparticles), 2D (films), and 3D (hydrogels, aerogels) materials. Due to its adaptable surface chemistry, high surface area, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, nanocellulose-based composite materials can be further transformed as drug delivery carriers. Herein, nanocellulose-based composite material used for drug delivery was reviewed. The typical drug release behaviors and the drug release mechanisms of nanocellulose-based composite materials were further summarized, and the potential application of nanocellulose-based composite materials was prospected as well.
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4
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Schiavi D, Francesconi S, Taddei AR, Fortunati E, Balestra GM. Exploring cellulose nanocrystals obtained from olive tree wastes as sustainable crop protection tool against bacterial diseases. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6149. [PMID: 35413981 PMCID: PMC9005629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials in agriculture represent one of the most innovative method for protecting crops, due to possibility of being applied as nanopesticides or nanocarriers for active ingredients. Furthermore, nanotechnology could be combined with the concept of circular economy through the opportunity of obtaining highly technological nanometric materials starting from agro-industrial wastes. The present research evaluated the possibility of synthesizing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from olive pruning wastes through chemical bleaching, reusing them as sustainable tool to control the causal agent of the olive knot disease (Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi). CNCs showed an interesting in vitro effect in inhibiting bacterial growth and bacterial biofilm formation, as well as the ability of reducing bacterial epiphytic survival in a comparable way to copper sulphate on leaf surfaces, when used at 1% w/v. CNCs were at the same time investigated for their interaction with olive tree seedlings, showing no negative effects on leaf development, and a promising root uptake, indicating that CNCs could be used also as nanocarriers for active ingredients. Obtained results highlight the innovative possibility of designing sustainable plant protection strategies capable of revalorise lignocellulosic wastes, meaning a simultaneous low environmental impact thanks to reduction of traditional agrochemicals input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Schiavi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Sara Francesconi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Taddei
- High Equipment Centre, Section of Electron Microscopy, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università Snc, Blocco D, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Elena Fortunati
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giorgio M Balestra
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
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5
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Hajiali F, Jin T, Yang G, Santos M, Lam E, Moores A. Mechanochemical Transformations of Biomass into Functional Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102535. [PMID: 35137539 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomass is one of the promising alternatives to petroleum-derived materials and plays a major role in our fight against climate change by providing renewable sources of chemicals and materials. Owing to its chemical and structural complexity, the transformation of biomass into value-added products requires a profound understanding of its composition at different scales and innovative methods such as combining physical and chemical processes. In this context, the use of mechanochemistry in biomass valorization is currently growing owing to its potentials as an efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly approach. This review highlights the latest advances in the transformation of biomass (i. e., chitin, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and starch) to functional materials using mechanochemical-assisted methods. We focused here on the methodology of biomass processing, influencing factors, and resulting properties with an emphasis on achieving functional materials rather than breaking down the biopolymer chains into smaller molecules. Opportunities and limitations associated this methodology were discussed accordingly for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Hajiali
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tony Jin
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Galen Yang
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Madison Santos
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, 3480 University St., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Edmond Lam
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Audrey Moores
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0 C5, Canada
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6
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Patil TV, Patel DK, Dutta SD, Ganguly K, Santra TS, Lim KT. Nanocellulose, a versatile platform: From the delivery of active molecules to tissue engineering applications. Bioact Mater 2022; 9:566-589. [PMID: 34820589 PMCID: PMC8591404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose, a biopolymer, has received wide attention from researchers owing to its superior physicochemical properties, such as high mechanical strength, low density, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Nanocellulose can be extracted from wide range of sources, including plants, bacteria, and algae. Depending on the extraction process and dimensions (diameter and length), they are categorized into three main types: cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). CNCs are a highly crystalline and needle-like structure, whereas CNFs have both amorphous and crystalline regions in their network. BNC is the purest form of nanocellulose. The nanocellulose properties can be tuned by chemical functionalization, which increases its applicability in biomedical applications. This review highlights the fabrication of different surface-modified nanocellulose to deliver active molecules, such as drugs, proteins, and plasmids. Nanocellulose-mediated delivery of active molecules is profoundly affected by its topographical structure and the interaction between the loaded molecules and nanocellulose. The applications of nanocellulose and its composites in tissue engineering have been discussed. Finally, the review is concluded with further opportunities and challenges in nanocellulose-mediated delivery of active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejal V. Patil
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh K. Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Deptarment of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, 600036, India
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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8
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Xiong Chang X, Mujawar Mubarak N, Ali Mazari S, Sattar Jatoi A, Ahmad A, Khalid M, Walvekar R, Abdullah E, Karri RR, Siddiqui M, Nizamuddin S. A review on the properties and applications of chitosan, cellulose and deep eutectic solvent in green chemistry. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Xie L, Zhang Y, Huang A, Zhou J, Lin N, Lu X. Electrostatic Adsorption and Cytotoxity of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Loading Trace Metal Elements. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100318. [PMID: 34773451 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is the rod-like nano-object derived from natural cellulose with the features of low toxicity and good biocompatibility, widely used as the functional additive and nanomaterial in the biomedicine. Two negatively charged cellulose nanocrystals, CNC and TO-CNC (surface oxidized CNC), are prepared by the sulfuric acid hydrolysis and further surface oxidization. Based on electrostatic adsorption, five trace metal elements (TMEs) including cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) are loaded on the surface of two nanocrystals as the biocompatible nanocarriers. The adsorbed contents of TMEs on two nanocrystals are affected by their surface charge densities and the complexes can keep stability under three varied pH conditions. Two cell lines, viz. human nasopharyngeal cancer cell and normal human bronchial epithelial cell, are selected for the investigation of cytotoxity of these TME-loaded nanocrystals at the concentration range of 0.1-500 µg mL-1 . The high concentrations of TME-loaded nanocrystals will induce the inhibition of cells activity and proliferation, particularly for Pb2+ - and Cd2+ -loaded nanocrystals. The cancer cell generally exhibits more sensitivity of cytotoxity to these metal elements than the normal cell, which may be potentially used as the activity inhibitor for specific cells in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Ao Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Ning Lin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
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10
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Development of a Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel Drug Delivery System (DDS): An Update. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040153. [PMID: 34698125 PMCID: PMC8544468 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivering a drug to the target site with minimal-to-no off-target cytotoxicity is the major determinant for the success of disease therapy. While the therapeutic efficacy and cytotoxicity of the drug play the main roles, the use of a suitable drug delivery system (DDS) is important to protect the drug along the administration route and release it at the desired target site. Polysaccharides have been extensively studied as a biomaterial for DDS development due to their high biocompatibility. More usefully, polysaccharides can be crosslinked with various molecules such as micro/nanoparticles and hydrogels to form a modified DDS. According to IUPAC, hydrogel is defined as the structure and processing of sols, gels, networks and inorganic–organic hybrids. This 3D network which often consists of a hydrophilic polymer can drastically improve the physical and chemical properties of DDS to increase the biodegradability and bioavailability of the carrier drugs. The advancement of nanotechnology also allows the construction of hydrogel DDS with enhanced functionalities such as stimuli-responsiveness, target specificity, sustained drug release, and therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a current update on the use of hydrogel DDS derived from polysaccharide-based materials in delivering various therapeutic molecules and drugs. We also highlighted the factors that affect the efficacy of these DDS and the current challenges of developing them for clinical use.
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11
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Alijani HQ, Iravani S, Pourseyedi S, Torkzadeh-Mahani M, Barani M, Khatami M. Biosynthesis of spinel nickel ferrite nanowhiskers and their biomedical applications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17431. [PMID: 34465814 PMCID: PMC8408215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96918-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Greener methods for the synthesis of various nanostructures with well-organized characteristics and biomedical applicability have demonstrated several advantages, including simplicity, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. Spinel nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanowhiskers with rod-like structures were synthesized using a simple and green method; these nanostructures were evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray energy diffraction spectroscopy. Additionally, the prepared nanowhiskers could significantly reduce the survival of Leishmania major promastigotes, at a concentration of 500 μg/mL; the survival of promastigotes was reduced to ≃ 26%. According to the results obtained from MTT test (in vitro), it can be proposed that further studies should be conducted to evaluate anti-leishmaniasis activity of these types of nanowhiskers in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Q Alijani
- Department of Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
- Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production (RTIPP), Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahram Pourseyedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
- Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production (RTIPP), Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Masoud Torkzadeh-Mahani
- Biotechnology Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahmood Barani
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 7616913555, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Khatami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Banerjee A, Jariwala T, Kim S, Tai Y, Chiang S, Park H, Myung NV, Nam J. A facile method for synthesizing polymeric nanofiber‐fragments. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aihik Banerjee
- Department of Bioengineering University of California‐Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Tanvi Jariwala
- Department of Bioengineering University of California‐Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Sanggon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering University of California‐Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Youyi Tai
- Department of Bioengineering University of California‐Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Sharon Chiang
- Department of Bioengineering University of California‐Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Honghyun Park
- Korea Institute of Materials Science 797 Changwondaero, Seongsan gu Changwon Gyeongnam South Korea
| | - Nosang V. Myung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Jin Nam
- Department of Bioengineering University of California‐Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA
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Aziz T, Ullah A, Fan H, Ullah R, Haq F, Khan FU, Iqbal M, Wei J. Cellulose Nanocrystals Applications in Health, Medicine and Catalysis. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2021; 29:2062-2071. [DOI: 10.1007/s10924-021-02045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
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14
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Lunardi VB, Soetaredjo FE, Putro JN, Santoso SP, Yuliana M, Sunarso J, Ju YH, Ismadji S. Nanocelluloses: Sources, Pretreatment, Isolations, Modification, and Its Application as the Drug Carriers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2052. [PMID: 34201884 PMCID: PMC8272055 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 'Back-to-nature' concept has currently been adopted intensively in various industries, especially the pharmaceutical industry. In the past few decades, the overuse of synthetic chemicals has caused severe damage to the environment and ecosystem. One class of natural materials developed to substitute artificial chemicals in the pharmaceutical industries is the natural polymers, including cellulose and its derivatives. The development of nanocelluloses as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems has reached an advanced stage. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF), nanocrystal cellulose (NCC), and bacterial nanocellulose (BC) are the most common nanocellulose used as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems. Modification and functionalization using various processes and chemicals have been carried out to increase the adsorption and drug delivery performance of nanocellulose. Nanocellulose may be attached to the drug by physical interaction or chemical functionalization for covalent drug binding. Current development of nanocarrier formulations such as surfactant nanocellulose, ultra-lightweight porous materials, hydrogel, polyelectrolytes, and inorganic hybridizations has advanced to enable the construction of stimuli-responsive and specific recognition characteristics. Thus, an opportunity has emerged to develop a new generation of nanocellulose-based carriers that can modulate the drug conveyance for diverse drug characteristics. This review provides insights into selecting appropriate nanocellulose-based hybrid materials and the available modification routes to achieve satisfactory carrier performance and briefly discusses the essential criteria to achieve high-quality nanocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Bervia Lunardi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
| | - Felycia Edi Soetaredjo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd, Da’an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Jindrayani Nyoo Putro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
| | - Shella Permatasari Santoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd, Da’an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Maria Yuliana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jaka Sunarso
- Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Kuching 93350, Sarawak, Malaysia;
| | - Yi-Hsu Ju
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd, Da’an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan;
- Taiwan Building Technology Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd, Da’an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Suryadi Ismadji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; (V.B.L.); (F.E.S.); (J.N.P.); (S.P.S.); (M.Y.)
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15
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Tortorella S, Vetri Buratti V, Maturi M, Sambri L, Comes Franchini M, Locatelli E. Surface-Modified Nanocellulose for Application in Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine: A Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9909-9937. [PMID: 33335392 PMCID: PMC7737557 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s266103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, a plenty of concerns related to the environment are due to the overuse of petroleum-based chemicals and products; the synthesis of functional materials, starting from the natural sources, is the current trend in research. The interest for nanocellulose has recently increased in a huge range of fields, from the material science to the biomedical engineering. Nanocellulose gained this leading role because of several reasons: its natural abundance on this planet, the excellent mechanical and optical features, the good biocompatibility and the attractive capability of undergoing surface chemical modifications. Nanocellulose surface tuning techniques are adopted by the high reactivity of the hydroxyl groups available; the chemical modifications are mainly performed to introduce either charged or hydrophobic moieties that include amination, esterification, oxidation, silylation, carboxymethylation, epoxidation, sulfonation, thiol- and azido-functional capability. Despite the several already published papers regarding nanocellulose, the aim of this review involves discussing the surface chemical functional capability of nanocellulose and the subsequent applications in the main areas of nanocellulose research, such as drug delivery, biosensing/bioimaging, tissue regeneration and bioprinting, according to these modifications. The final goal of this review is to provide a novel and unusual overview on this topic that is continuously under expansion for its intrinsic sophisticated properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tortorella
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna40136, Italy
| | - Veronica Vetri Buratti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna40136, Italy
| | - Mirko Maturi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna40136, Italy
| | - Letizia Sambri
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna40136, Italy
| | - Mauro Comes Franchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna40136, Italy
| | - Erica Locatelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna40136, Italy
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16
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Tavakolian M, Jafari SM, van de Ven TGM. A Review on Surface-Functionalized Cellulosic Nanostructures as Biocompatible Antibacterial Materials. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:73. [PMID: 34138290 PMCID: PMC7770792 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant biopolymer on the earth, cellulose has recently gained significant attention in the development of antibacterial biomaterials. Biodegradability, renewability, strong mechanical properties, tunable aspect ratio, and low density offer tremendous possibilities for the use of cellulose in various fields. Owing to the high number of reactive groups (i.e., hydroxyl groups) on the cellulose surface, it can be readily functionalized with various functional groups, such as aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and amines, leading to diverse properties. In addition, the ease of surface modification of cellulose expands the range of compounds which can be grafted onto its structure, such as proteins, polymers, metal nanoparticles, and antibiotics. There are many studies in which cellulose nano-/microfibrils and nanocrystals are used as a support for antibacterial agents. However, little is known about the relationship between cellulose chemical surface modification and its antibacterial activity or biocompatibility. In this study, we have summarized various techniques for surface modifications of cellulose nanostructures and its derivatives along with their antibacterial and biocompatibility behavior to develop non-leaching and durable antibacterial materials. Despite the high effectiveness of surface-modified cellulosic antibacterial materials, more studies on their mechanism of action, the relationship between their properties and their effectivity, and more in vivo studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Tavakolian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
- Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF), Montreal, Canada
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Theo G M van de Ven
- Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada.
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF), Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada.
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Lei Z, Gao W, Zeng J, Wang B, Xu J. The mechanism of Cu (II) adsorption onto 2,3-dialdehyde nano-fibrillated celluloses. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of surface-modified nanocellulose hydrogel loaded with paclitaxel. Life Sci 2020; 241:117137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Li N, Zhang H, Xiao Y, Huang Y, Xu M, You D, Lu W, Yu J. Fabrication of Cellulose-Nanocrystal-Based Folate Targeted Nanomedicine via Layer-by-Layer Assembly with Lysosomal pH-Controlled Drug Release into the Nucleus. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:937-948. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Yushu Huang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Mengda Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Donglei You
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
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Huang W, Wang Y, Huang Z, Wang X, Chen L, Zhang Y, Zhang L. On-Demand Dissolvable Self-Healing Hydrogel Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Cellulose Nanocrystal for Deep Partial Thickness Burn Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:41076-41088. [PMID: 30398062 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Deep partial thickness burn wounds present big challenges due to the long healing time, large size and irregular shape, pain and reinjury at wound dressing changes, as well as scarring. The clinically effective therapy to alleviate pain at wound dressing changes, and the scar left on the skin after the healing of wound is still unavailable. To combat this, we develop a nanocomposite self-healing hydrogel that can be injected into irregular and deep burn wound beds and subsequently rapidly self-heal to reform into an integrated piece of hydrogel that thoroughly fills the wound area and protects the wound site from external environment, finally being painlessly removed by on-demand dissolving using amino acid solution at wound dressing changes, which accelerates deep partial thickness burn wound healing and prevents scarring. The hydrogel is made out of naturally occurring polymers, namely, water-soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and rigid rod-like dialdehyde-modified cellulose nanocrystal (DACNC). They are cross-linked by dynamic Schiff-base linkages between amines from CMC and aldehydes from DACNC. The large aspect ratio and specific surface area of DACNC raise massive active junctions within the hydrogel, which can be readily broken and reformed, allowing hydrogel to rapidly self-heal. Moreover, DACNC serves as nanoreinforcing fillers to improve the hydrogel strength, which also restricts the "soft" CMC chains' motion when soaked in aqueous system, endowing high fluid uptake capacity (350%) to hydrogel while maintaining integrity. Cytotoxicity assay and three-dimensional cell culture demonstrate excellent biocompatibility of the hydrogel and capacity as extracellular matrix to support cell growth. This work opens a novel pathway to fabricate on-demand dissolvable self-healing hydrogels to speed deep partial thickness burn wound healing and eliminate pain at wound dressing changes and prevent scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Huang
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA , Guangzhou 510010 , China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA , Guangzhou 510010 , China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Yu Zhang
- General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA , Guangzhou 510010 , China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Molecule Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
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21
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Bai H, Li Z, Zhang S, Wang W, Dong W. Interpenetrating polymer networks in polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals hydrogels to develop absorbent materials. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:468-476. [PMID: 30177188 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals/poly(2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PVA/CNC/polyHEMA) and PVA/CNC/poly(N'-methylenebisacrylamide) (PVA/CNC/polyMBA) hydrogels were prepared by photo-crosslinking followed by freezing/thawing (F-T) cycle and this novel preparation method was reported. The formation of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) resulted from the addition of crosslinking HEMA or MBA monomers displayed improved interfacial adhesion. The produced hydrogels were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), real-time fourier transform infrared (RTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical, swelling and adsorption tests. The results showed both PVA/CNC/polyHEMA with semi-IPN and PVA/CNC/polyMBA with dual network (DN) hydrogels had higher thermal stability, lower water loss rate and better swelling and reswelling and mechanical properties, comparing to PVA and PVA/CNC hydrogels. The adsorption behaviors of hydrogels using xylenol orange (XO) and methylene blue (MB) as model dyes were evaluated, indicating that PVA/CNC/polyHEMA and PVA/CNC/polyMBA hydrogels could hold some dyes. Overall, this work provided a good way for increasing mechanical, swelling, reswelling, thermal, and adsorption properties of PVA/CNC, which will be a promising water-manageable material for agriculture application and a candidate for dye carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhangkang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shengwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weifu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Teng Y, Yu G, Fu Y, Yin C. The preparation and study of regenerated cellulose fibers by cellulose carbamate pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:383-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Bayón B, Berti IR, Gagneten AM, Castro GR. Biopolymers from Wastes to High-Value Products in Biomedicine. ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, AND SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7431-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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Wang HQ, Tan H, Hua S, Liu ZY, Yang W, Yang MB. High Efficiency Conversion of Regenerated Cellulose Hydrogel Directly to Functionalized Cellulose Nanoparticles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Huang Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Sun Hua
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Zheng-Ying Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
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25
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Chauhan P, Yan N. Novel nitroaniline-cellulose nanohybrids: nitro radical photo-release and its antibacterial action. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:1106-1113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Production and Status of Bacterial Cellulose in Biomedical Engineering. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7090257. [PMID: 32962322 PMCID: PMC5618368 DOI: 10.3390/nano7090257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a highly pure and crystalline material generated by aerobic bacteria, which has received significant interest due to its unique physiochemical characteristics in comparison with plant cellulose. BC, alone or in combination with different components (e.g., biopolymers and nanoparticles), can be used for a wide range of applications, such as medical products, electrical instruments, and food ingredients. In recent years, biomedical devices have gained important attention due to the increase in medical engineering products for wound care, regeneration of organs, diagnosis of diseases, and drug transportation. Bacterial cellulose has potential applications across several medical sectors and permits the development of innovative materials. This paper reviews the progress of related research, including overall information about bacterial cellulose, production by microorganisms, mechanisms as well as BC cultivation and its nanocomposites. The latest use of BC in the biomedical field is thoroughly discussed with its applications in both a pure and composite form. This paper concludes the further investigations of BC in the future that are required to make it marketable in vital biomaterials.
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27
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Nohara T, Sawada T, Tanaka H, Serizawa T. Enzymatic synthesis and protein adsorption properties of crystalline nanoribbons composed of cellulose oligomer derivatives with primary amino groups. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:925-938. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1322248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Nohara
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sawada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Serizawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Amer H, Nypelö T, Sulaeva I, Bacher M, Henniges U, Potthast A, Rosenau T. Synthesis and Characterization of Periodate-Oxidized Polysaccharides: Dialdehyde Xylan (DAX). Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2972-80. [PMID: 27529432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cleavage of the C2-C3 bond in the building units of 1 → 4-linked polysaccharides by periodate formally results in two aldehyde units, which are present in several masked forms. The structural elucidation of such polysaccharide dialdehydes remains a big challenge. Since polysaccharide derivatives are increasingly applied in materials technology, unveiling the exact structure is of utmost importance. To address this issue for xylan, dialdehyde xylan (DAX, oxidation degree of 91.5%) has been synthesized as water-soluble polymer. The ATR-FTIR spectrum of DAX showed free aldehyde to be absent and exhibited a characteristic absorption at 858 cm(-1) related to hemiacetal groups. By a combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques, it was confirmed that oxidized xylan is present as poly(2,6-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-3,5-diyl-1,4-dioxane). Based on GPC analysis, the DAX polymer shows a slightly lower molar mass (6.6 kDa) compared to the starting material (7.7 kDa) right after oxidation, and degraded further after one month of storage in 0.1 M NaCl solution (4.3 kDa). The oxidized xylan demonstrated lower thermal stability upon TGA analysis and a greater amount of residual char (20.6%) compared to the unmodified xylan (13.7%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Amer
- Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.,Department of Natural and Microbial Products Chemistry, National Research Centre , 33 Al Bohous St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Tiina Nypelö
- Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.,Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, Department of Materials Science and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Irina Sulaeva
- Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Markus Bacher
- Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Ute Henniges
- Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Antje Potthast
- Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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29
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Isoniazid loaded gelatin-cellulose whiskers nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery applications. J CHEM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-016-1129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Sunasee R, Hemraz UD, Ckless K. Cellulose nanocrystals: a versatile nanoplatform for emerging biomedical applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1243-56. [PMID: 27110733 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1182491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are bio-based nanomaterials typically derived from the acid hydrolysis of the most abundant natural polymer, cellulose. These nanomaterials have garnered significant interest due to their unique properties, such as uniform rod-like shape, high surface area, high strength, liquid crystalline behavior, tailored surface chemistry, biocompatibility, biodegradability, sustainability and non-toxic carbohydrate-based nature. AREAS COVERED The recent developments in the use of unmodified and modified CNCs as versatile nanoplatforms for emerging biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, enzyme/protein immobilization scaffolds, bioimaging, biosensing and tissue engineering are highlighted. A brief discussion of the biological and toxicity properties of CNCs is also presented. EXPERT OPINION While a number of recent studies have indicated that CNCs are promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications, there is a substantial amount of work that still remains to be done before realizing the full therapeutic potential of CNCs. Major effort should be focused on detailed in vitro and in vivo studies of modified CNCs constructs in order to better understand the integration of CNCs in the biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Sunasee
- a Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Plattsburgh , Plattsburgh , NY , USA
| | - Usha D Hemraz
- b Aquatic and Crop Resource Development , National Research Council , Montreal , Canada
| | - Karina Ckless
- a Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Plattsburgh , Plattsburgh , NY , USA
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31
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Abitbol T, Rivkin A, Cao Y, Nevo Y, Abraham E, Ben-Shalom T, Lapidot S, Shoseyov O. Nanocellulose, a tiny fiber with huge applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 39:76-88. [PMID: 26930621 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is of increasing interest for a range of applications relevant to the fields of material science and biomedical engineering due to its renewable nature, anisotropic shape, excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, tailorable surface chemistry, and interesting optical properties. We discuss the main areas of nanocellulose research: photonics, films and foams, surface modifications, nanocomposites, and medical devices. These tiny nanocellulose fibers have huge potential in many applications, from flexible optoelectronics to scaffolds for tissue regeneration. We hope to impart the readers with some of the excitement that currently surrounds nanocellulose research, which arises from the green nature of the particles, their fascinating physical and chemical properties, and the diversity of applications that can be impacted by this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Abitbol
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Amit Rivkin
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yifeng Cao
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eldho Abraham
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tal Ben-Shalom
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Oded Shoseyov
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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32
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Li S, Huang J. Cellulose-Rich Nanofiber-Based Functional Nanoarchitectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1143-1158. [PMID: 26598324 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface self-assembly of functional molecules or nanoscale building blocks is an effective strategy for the syntheses of advanced materials. Natural cellulose-rich substances have unique macro-to-nano hierarchical structural features. The fabrication of nanoarchitectures, employing specific guest species on the surfaces of the fine structures of such substances, results in corresponding artificial nanomaterials that possess the chemical functionalities and physical properties of both sides. Metal oxide thin film coatings with nanometer precision on the nanofibers of bulk cellulose-rich substances not only yield replicas of nanostructured materials, but also make it possible for further assemblies of functional units on the surfaces. Hence, nanostructured metal oxides and further composites, as well as surface-functionalized cellulose-based composites are fabricated by employing cellulose-rich substances as templates or scaffolds. The three-dimensional cross-linked porous structures, with the high surface area of the resultant nanomaterials or composites, lead to superior performance when employed as photocatalysts, electrode materials, and sensing matrices, on which this report is focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Jianguo Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
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Girouard NM, Xu S, Schueneman GT, Shofner ML, Meredith JC. Site-Selective Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Isophorone Diisocyanate and Formation of Polyurethane-CNC Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1458-1467. [PMID: 26713564 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The unequal reactivity of the two isocyanate groups in an isophorone diisocyante (IPDI) monomer was exploited to yield modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with both urethane and isocyanate functionality. The chemical functionality of the modified CNCs was verified with ATR-FTIR analysis and elemental analysis. The selectivity for the secondary isocyanate group using dibutyl tin dilaurate (DBTDL) as the reaction catalyst was confirmed with (13)C NMR. The modified CNCs showed improvements in the onset of thermal degradation by 35 °C compared to the unmodified CNCs. Polyurethane composites based on IPDI and a trifunctional polyether alcohol were synthesized using unmodified (um-CNC) and modified CNCs (m-CNC). The degree of nanoparticle dispersion was qualitatively assessed with polarized optical microscopy. It was found that the modification step facilitated superior nanoparticle dispersion compared to the um-CNCs, which resulted in increases in the tensile strength and work of fracture of over 200% compared to the neat matrix without degradation of elongation at break.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shanhong Xu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | - Gregory T Schueneman
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service , Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Parsamanesh M, Dadkhah Tehrani A. Synthesize of new fluorescent polymeric nanoparticle using modified cellulose nanowhisker through click reaction. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:1323-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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35
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Tummalapalli M, Gupta B. A UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Aldehyde Groups in Periodate-Oxidized Polysaccharides Using2,4-Dinitrophenyl Hydrazine. J Carbohydr Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2015.1068793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Exploiting colloidal interfaces to increase dispersion, performance, and pot-life in cellulose nanocrystal/waterborne epoxy composites. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kuhnt T, Herrmann A, Benczédi D, Foster EJ, Weder C. Functionalized cellulose nanocrystals as nanocarriers for sustained fragrance release. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00944h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of nanocarrier-based pro-fragrances with high affinity to cotton releasing their payload under everyday life conditions is reported. The delivery systems were prepared by decorating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with β-damascone, which is slowly released via a retro 1,4-Michael-type reaction in applications of functional perfumery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kuhnt
- Adolphe Merkle Institute
- University of Fribourg
- 1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Firmenich SA
- Division Recherche et Développement
- 1211 Genève 8
- Switzerland
| | - Daniel Benczédi
- Firmenich SA
- Division Recherche et Développement
- 1211 Genève 8
- Switzerland
| | - E. Johan Foster
- Adolphe Merkle Institute
- University of Fribourg
- 1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
- Virginia Tech
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute
- University of Fribourg
- 1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
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38
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Villanueva ME, Salinas A, Díaz LE, Copello GJ. Chitin nanowhiskers as alternative antimicrobial controlled release carriers. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01522c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial finishings protect users from pathogenic and odor-generating microorganisms, which are of medical and hygiene concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Emilia Villanueva
- Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)
- IQUIMEFA (UBA-CONICET)
- Junín 956
| | - Ana Salinas
- Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)
- IQUIMEFA (UBA-CONICET)
- Junín 956
| | - Luis Eduardo Díaz
- Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)
- IQUIMEFA (UBA-CONICET)
- Junín 956
| | - Guillermo Javier Copello
- Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)
- IQUIMEFA (UBA-CONICET)
- Junín 956
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Jorfi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg; Chemin des Verdiers 4 Fribourg CH-1700 Switzerland
| | - E. Johan Foster
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg; Chemin des Verdiers 4 Fribourg CH-1700 Switzerland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Virginia Tech; 445 Old Turner Street, 213 Holden Hall Blacksburg Virginia 24061
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40
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41
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Visanko M, Liimatainen H, Sirviö JA, Heiskanen JP, Niinimäki J, Hormi O. Amphiphilic Cellulose Nanocrystals from Acid-Free Oxidative Treatment: Physicochemical Characteristics and Use as an Oil–Water Stabilizer. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2769-75. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500628g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miikka Visanko
- Fibre and Particle Engineering
Laboratory and Thule Institute, ‡Fibre and Particle
Engineering Laboratory, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Henrikki Liimatainen
- Fibre and Particle Engineering
Laboratory and Thule Institute, ‡Fibre and Particle
Engineering Laboratory, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Juho Antti Sirviö
- Fibre and Particle Engineering
Laboratory and Thule Institute, ‡Fibre and Particle
Engineering Laboratory, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Juha Pentti Heiskanen
- Fibre and Particle Engineering
Laboratory and Thule Institute, ‡Fibre and Particle
Engineering Laboratory, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Jouko Niinimäki
- Fibre and Particle Engineering
Laboratory and Thule Institute, ‡Fibre and Particle
Engineering Laboratory, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Osmo Hormi
- Fibre and Particle Engineering
Laboratory and Thule Institute, ‡Fibre and Particle
Engineering Laboratory, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014, Finland
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42
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Bajpai S, Pathak V, Soni B, Mohan Y. CNWs loaded poly(SA) hydrogels: Effect of high concentration of CNWs on water uptake and mechanical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 106:351-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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43
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Akhlaghi SP, Tiong D, Berry RM, Tam KC. Comparative release studies of two cationic model drugs from different cellulose nanocrystal derivatives. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:207-15. [PMID: 24833005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Native cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), oxidized CNC (CNC-OX) and chitosan oligosaccharide grafted CNC (CNC-CSOS) were evaluated as potential drug delivery carriers for two model drug compounds, procaine hydrochloride (PrHy) and imipramine hydrochloride (IMI). The loading of PrHy and IMI was performed at pH 8 and 7, respectively. IMI displayed higher binding to CNC derivatives than PrHy. Drug selective membranes were prepared for each model drug and a drug selective electrode system was used to measure the drug concentration in the filtrate and release medium. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) was used to elucidate the types of interactions between model drugs and CNC and its derivatives. The complexation between model drugs and CNC derivatives was confirmed by zeta potential and transmittance measurements. The binding and release of these drugs correlated with the nature and types of interactions that exist between the CNC and drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daryl Tiong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kam Chiu Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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44
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Lindh J, Carlsson DO, Strømme M, Mihranyan A. Convenient One-Pot Formation of 2,3-Dialdehyde Cellulose Beads via Periodate Oxidation of Cellulose in Water. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1928-32. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5002944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel O. Carlsson
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box
534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
- Division
of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
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45
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Cao J, Wang Y, Song X, Feng J. One-dimensional nickel borate nanowhiskers: characterization, properties, and a novel application in materials bonding. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01630k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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46
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Xu Z, Sun Q, Huang F, Pu Y, Pan S, Ragauskas AJ. Preparation and characteristics of cellulose nanowhisker reinforced acrylic foams synthesized by freeze-casting. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47621a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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47
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Carlsson DO, Hua K, Forsgren J, Mihranyan A. Aspirin degradation in surface-charged TEMPO-oxidized mesoporous crystalline nanocellulose. Int J Pharm 2013; 461:74-81. [PMID: 24291076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
TEMPO-mediated surface oxidation of mesoporous highly crystalline Cladophora cellulose was used to introduce negative surface charges onto cellulose nanofibrils without significantly altering other structural characteristics. This enabled the investigation of the influence of mesoporous nanocellulose surface charges on aspirin chemical stability to be conducted. The negative surface charges (carboxylate content 0.44±0.01 mmol/g) introduced on the mesoporous crystalline nanocellulose significantly accelerated aspirin degradation, compared to the starting material which had significantly less surface charge (0.06±0.01 mmol/g). This effect followed from an increased aspirin amorphisation ability in mesopores of the oxidized nanocellulose. These results highlight the importance of surface charges in formulating nanocellulose for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Carlsson
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kai Hua
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Forsgren
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
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48
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49
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Kang H, Liu R, Huang Y. Cellulose derivatives and graft copolymers as blocks for functional materials. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Kang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ruigang Liu
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yong Huang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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50
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Chauhan P, Hadad C, Sartorelli A, Zarattini M, Herreros-López A, Mba M, Maggini M, Prato M, Carofiglio T. Nanocrystalline cellulose–porphyrin hybrids: synthesis, supramolecular properties, and singlet-oxygen production. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8525-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44852e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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