1
|
Chetot T, Marocco Stuardi F, Forot A, Ducreux M, Baudouin A, Chefdeville E, Perret F, Vial L, Leclaire J. Switching between Nonisoenergetic Dynamic Covalent Reactions Using Host-Guest Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13580-13587. [PMID: 38687470 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
CO2 reacts with simple amines in the presence of water to generate dynamic combinatorial libraries of majority (i.e., ammonium carbamates) and minority (i.e., ammonium carbonates) nonisoenergetic covalent adducts. Over the past two decades, our laboratory has reported on a new class of cavitands, namely, dyn[n]arenes, from which a polyanionic macrocycle is a highly efficient receptor for linear polyammoniums that forms [2]pseudorotaxanes in water at neutral pH. Herein, we demonstrate that the formation of [2]pseudorotaxanes shifts the equilibrium of CO2 capture by polyamines in water toward the quasi-exclusive formation of carbonate adducts, providing the first example of a switch between two competitive and reversible covalent processes triggered by host-guest interactions. In addition, this supramolecular approach to CO2 capture exhibits enhanced capture efficiency by increasing the state of protonation of complexed vs uncomplexed polyamines. Altogether, we report here that a templating approach can divert the outcome of two reversible covalent chemistries involving nucleophilic additions and acid-base reactions, challenging therefore the common knowledge that noncovalent and covalent bonds operate in separate energy frames.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Titouan Chetot
- CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ICBMS UMR5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Adrien Forot
- CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ICBMS UMR5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maxime Ducreux
- CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ICBMS UMR5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Baudouin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CCRMN, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Florent Perret
- CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ICBMS UMR5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Vial
- CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ICBMS UMR5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julien Leclaire
- CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ICBMS UMR5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Llamosí A, Szymański MP, Szumna A. Molecular vessels from preorganised natural building blocks. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4434-4462. [PMID: 38497833 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00801k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular vessels emerged as tools to mimic and better understand compartmentalisation, a central aspect of living matter. However, many more applications that go beyond those initial goals have been documented in recent years, including new sensory systems, artificial transmembrane transporters, catalysis, and targeted drug or gene delivery. Peptides, carbohydrates, nucleobases, and steroids bear great potential as building blocks for the construction of supramolecular vessels, possessing complexity that is still difficult to attain with synthetic methods - they are rich in functional groups and well-defined stereogenic centers, ready for noncovalent interactions and further functions. One of the options to tame the functional and dynamic complexity of natural building blocks is to place them at spatially designed positions using synthetic scaffolds. In this review, we summarise the historical and recent advances in the construction of molecular-sized vessels by the strategy that couples synthetic predictability and durability of various scaffolds (cyclodextrins, porphyrins, crown ethers, calix[n]arenes, resorcin[n]arenes, pillar[n]arenes, cyclotriveratrylenes, coordination frameworks and multivalent high-symmetry molecules) with functionality originating from natural building blocks to obtain nanocontainers, cages, capsules, cavitands, carcerands or coordination cages by covalent chemistry, self-assembly, or dynamic covalent chemistry with the ultimate goal to apply them in sensing, transport, or catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Llamosí
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Marek P Szymański
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cougnon FBL, Stefankiewicz AR, Ulrich S. Dynamic covalent synthesis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:879-895. [PMID: 38239698 PMCID: PMC10793650 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic covalent synthesis aims to precisely control the assembly of simple building blocks linked by reversible covalent bonds to generate a single, structurally complex, product. In recent years, considerable progress in the programmability of dynamic covalent systems has enabled easy access to a broad range of assemblies, including macrocycles, shape-persistent cages, unconventional foldamers and mechanically-interlocked species (catenanes, knots, etc.). The reversibility of the covalent linkages can be either switched off to yield stable, isolable products or activated by specific physico-chemical stimuli, allowing the assemblies to adapt and respond to environmental changes in a controlled manner. This activatable dynamic property makes dynamic covalent assemblies particularly attractive for the design of complex matter, smart chemical systems, out-of-equilibrium systems, and molecular devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien B L Cougnon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Centre, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Artur R Stefankiewicz
- Centre for Advanced Technology and Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Drożdż W, Ciesielski A, Stefankiewicz AR. Dynamic Cages-Towards Nanostructured Smart Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307552. [PMID: 37449543 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The interest in capsular assemblies such as dynamic organic and coordination cages has blossomed over the last decade. Given their chemical and structural variability, these systems have found applications in diverse fields of research, including energy conversion and storage, catalysis, separation, molecular recognition, and live-cell imaging. In the exploration of the potential of these discrete architectures, they are increasingly being employed in the formation of more complex systems and smart materials. This Review highlights the most promising pathways to overcome common drawbacks of cage systems (stability, recovery) and discusses the most promising strategies for their hybridization with systems featuring various dimensionalities. Following the description of the most recent advances in the fabrication of zero to three-dimensional cage-based systems, this Review will provide the reader with the structure-dependent relationship between the employed cages and the properties of the materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Drożdż
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Artur R Stefankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen J, Ma Z, Li Y, Cao S, Zhuang Q. Research Progress in Metal-Porous Organic Cage Nanocomposites. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202207020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
6
|
Montà-González G, Sancenón F, Martínez-Máñez R, Martí-Centelles V. Purely Covalent Molecular Cages and Containers for Guest Encapsulation. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13636-13708. [PMID: 35867555 PMCID: PMC9413269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cage compounds offer unique binding pockets similar to enzyme-binding sites, which can be customized in terms of size, shape, and functional groups to point toward the cavity and many other parameters. Different synthetic strategies have been developed to create a toolkit of methods that allow preparing tailor-made organic cages for a number of distinct applications, such as gas separation, molecular recognition, molecular encapsulation, hosts for catalysis, etc. These examples show the versatility and high selectivity that can be achieved using cages, which is impossible by employing other molecular systems. This review explores the progress made in the field of fully organic molecular cages and containers by focusing on the properties of the cavity and their application to encapsulate guests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Montà-González
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain,CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Centro
de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF
de Investigación de Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina,
Valencia, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain,Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe, Unidad Mixta de Investigación
en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat
Politènica de València, 46026 València, Spain,Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain,CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Centro
de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF
de Investigación de Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina,
Valencia, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain,Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe, Unidad Mixta de Investigación
en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat
Politènica de València, 46026 València, Spain,Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain,R.M.-M.: email,
| | - Vicente Martí-Centelles
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain,V.M.-C.:
email,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Begato F, Penasa R, Licini G, Zonta C. Straight from the bottle! Wine and juice dicarboxylic acids as templates for supramolecular cage self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10019-10022. [PMID: 34505582 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03804d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Two imine based supramolecular cages are able to self-assemble in the presence of a complex mixture like wine or fruit juices. Taking advantage of templating agents present in these mixtures the systems are able to form and to selectively encapsulate dicarboxylic systems present in the mixtures. This capability has been exploited to develop molecular systems able to report the enantiomeric excess and composition of (a)chiral dicarboxylic acids in fruit juices and wines using 1H-NMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Begato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Roberto Penasa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giulia Licini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Zonta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Drożdż W, Walczak A, Stefankiewicz AR. Simultaneous Formation of a Fully Organic Triply Dynamic Combinatorial Library. Org Lett 2021; 23:3641-3645. [PMID: 33904751 PMCID: PMC8289287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Here we report the
simultaneous formation of doubly and triply
dynamic libraries as a result of exchange reactions between functionalized
organic building blocks. A combination of three different reversible
covalent linkages involving a boronate ester transesterification along
with an imine and disulfide exchange was employed to generate a new
type of fully organic triply dynamic molecular assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Drożdż
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.,Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Walczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.,Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Artur R Stefankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.,Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schäfer N, Bühler M, Heyer L, Röhr MIS, Beuerle F. Endohedral Hydrogen Bonding Templates the Formation of a Highly Strained Covalent Organic Cage Compound*. Chemistry 2021; 27:6077-6085. [PMID: 33528845 PMCID: PMC8048910 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A highly strained covalent organic cage compound was synthesized from hexahydroxy tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ) and a meta-terphenyl-based diboronic acid with an additional benzoic acid substituent in 2'-position. Usually, a 120° bite angle in the unsubstituted ditopic linker favors the formation of a [4+6] cage assembly. Here, the introduction of the benzoic acid group is shown to lead to a perfectly preorganized circular hydrogen-bonding array in the cavity of a trigonal-bipyramidal [2+3] cage, which energetically overcompensates the additional strain energy caused by the larger mismatch in bite angles for the smaller assembly. The strained cage compound was analyzed by mass spectrometry and 1 H, 13 C and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. DFT calculations revealed the energetic contribution of the hydrogen-bonding template to the cage stability. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations on early intermediates indicate an additional kinetic effect, as hydrogen bonding also preorganizes and rigidifies small oligomers to facilitate the exclusive formation of smaller and more strained macrocycles and cages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Schäfer
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Michael Bühler
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Lisa Heyer
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Merle I. S. Röhr
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Florian Beuerle
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zyryanov GV, Kopchuk DS, Kovalev IS, Santra S, Rahman M, Khasanov AF, Krinochkin AP, Taniya OS, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN. Rational synthetic methods in creating promising (hetero)aromatic molecules and materials. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
11
|
Dumartin M, Septavaux J, Donnier-Maréchal M, Jeamet E, Dumont E, Perret F, Vial L, Leclaire J. The dark side of disulfide-based dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8151-8156. [PMID: 34094174 PMCID: PMC8163284 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02399j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, disulfide-based dynamic combinatorial chemistry has been extensively used in the field of molecular recognition to deliver artificial receptors for molecules of biological interest. Commonly, the nature of library members and their relative amounts are provided from HPLC-MS analysis of the libraries, allowing the identification of potential binders for a target (bio)molecule. By re-investigating dynamic combinatorial libraries generated from a simple 2,5-dicarboxy-1,4-dithiophenol building block in water, we herein demonstrated that multiple analytical tools were actually necessary in order to comprehensively describe the libraries in terms of size, stereochemistry, affinity, selectivity, and finally to get a true grasp on the different phenomena at work within dynamic combinatorial systems. We show that multiple analytical tools are necessary in order to describe the different phenomena within disulfide-based dynamic combinatorial libraries in terms of size, stereochemistry, affinity and selectivity.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Dumartin
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Jean Septavaux
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France .,Secoya Technologies, Louvain-La-Neuve 1348 Belgium
| | | | - Emeric Jeamet
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Elise Dumont
- ENS Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie F-69364 France.,Institut Universitaire de France 5 rue Descartes 75005 Paris France
| | - Florent Perret
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Laurent Vial
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Julien Leclaire
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
We report a new class of building blocks for Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry (DCC) based on the pyrroloindole scaffold. The attachment of l-cysteine on the α, α′ positions of the core makes the molecule suitable for disulfide exchange in aqueous dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs). The synthesis of the core follows a modified version of the Knoevenagel–Hemetsberger approach. The new building block (l-PI) is fluorescent (Φ = 48%) and relatively stable towards thermal and photodegradation. The chirality of the cysteine is transferred to the electron-rich pyrroloindole core. Homo- and heterochiral DCLs of l-PI with electron-deficient l- and d-naphthalenediimide (NDI) lead to similar library distributions regardless of the enantiomer used. When no salt is present, the major component is a dimer, while dimers and tetramers are obtained at increased ionic strength.
Collapse
|
13
|
Konopka M, Cecot P, Ulrich S, Stefankiewicz AR. Tuning the Solubility of Self-Assembled Fluorescent Aromatic Cages Using Functionalized Amino Acid Building Blocks. Front Chem 2019; 7:503. [PMID: 31380348 PMCID: PMC6647868 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported novel fluorescent aromatic cages that are self-produced using a set of orthogonal dynamic covalent reactions, operating simultaneously in one-pot, to assemble up to 10 components through 12 reactions into a single cage-type structure. We now introduce N-functionalized amino acids as new building blocks that enable tuning the solubility and analysis of the resulting cages. A convenient divergent synthetic approach was developed to tether different side chains on the N-terminal of a cysteine-derived building block. Our studies show that this chemical functionalization does not prevent the subsequent self-assembly and effective formation of desired cages. While the originally described cages required 94% DMSO, the new ones bearing hydrophobic side chains were found soluble in organic solvents (up to 75% CHCl3), and those grafted with hydrophilic side chains were soluble in water (up to 75% H2O). Fluorescence studies confirmed that despite cage functionalization the aggregation-induced emission properties of those architectures are retained. Thus, this work significantly expands the range of solvents in which these self-assembled cage compounds can be generated, which in turn should enable new applications, possibly as fluorescent sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Konopka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Cecot
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Artur R. Stefankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kołodziejski M, Stefankiewicz AR, Lehn JM. Dynamic polyimine macrobicyclic cryptands - self-sorting with component selection. Chem Sci 2018; 10:1836-1843. [PMID: 30842852 PMCID: PMC6369437 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04598d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembling macrobicyclic cryptand-type organic cages display remarkable self-sorting behavior with efficient component selection.
Self-assembling macrobicyclic cryptand-type organic cages display remarkable self-sorting behavior with efficient component selection. Making use of the dynamic covalent chemistry approach, eight different cages were synthesized by condensation of tris(2-aminopropyl)amine with structurally different dialdehydes. A series of self-sorting experiments were first carried out on simple dynamic covalent libraries. They reveal the influence of different structural features of the aldehyde components on the condensation with two triamine capping units. Subsequently, self-sorting experiments were performed on more complex systems involving several dialdehyde building blocks. Altogether, the results obtained describe the effect of the presence of a heteroatom, of electrostatic interactions, of delocalization and of the flexibility/stiffness of the propensity of a component to undergo formation of a macrobicyclic cage. In the presence of a catalytic amount of acid, the macrobicyclic structure undergoes dynamic component exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kołodziejski
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry , Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) , UMR 7006 , CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 8 allée Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg , France . .,Faculty of Chemistry , Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 89b , 61-614 Poznań , Poland . .,Center for Advanced Technologies , Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 89c , 61-614 Poznań , Poland
| | - Artur R Stefankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry , Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 89b , 61-614 Poznań , Poland . .,Center for Advanced Technologies , Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 89c , 61-614 Poznań , Poland
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry , Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) , UMR 7006 , CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 8 allée Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg , France .
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Keyzer EN, Sava A, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR, McConnell AJ. Post-Assembly Reactivity of N-Aryl Iminoboronates: Reversible Radical Coupling and Unusual B-N Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Chemistry 2018; 24:12000-12005. [PMID: 29972260 PMCID: PMC6175077 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-assembly reaction of a dynamic covalent iminoboronate system following addition of Cp2 Co resulted in the formation of a series of new reductively coupled dianionic dimers via C-C bond formation. The dimers formed as a mixture of BN-containing isomeric products: diastereomers rac5 and meso5, with coupled five-membered rings, and enantiomeric rac6, with a fused six-membered ring bicyclic system from C-C bond formation and rearrangement of the B-N bonds. Each isomer was identified using 1 H NMR spectroscopy in combination with single crystal X-ray structure determination. Interestingly, interconversion between the coupled five-membered rings (rac5 ) and fused bicyclic systems (rac6 ) was found to occur through an unprecedented breaking and reforming of the B-N covalent bond. Further, the coupled products could be converted quantitatively back to their iminoboronate precursors with addition of the electron abstractor Ph3 C+ .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan N. Keyzer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RdCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Alexandru Sava
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RdCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RdCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | | | - Anna J. McConnell
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RdCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Kiel24118KielGermany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sobczak S, Drożdż W, Lampronti GI, Belenguer AM, Katrusiak A, Stefankiewicz AR. Dynamic Covalent Chemistry under High-Pressure:A New Route to Disulfide Metathesis. Chemistry 2018; 24:8769-8773. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Sobczak
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Wojciech Drożdż
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89c 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Giulio I. Lampronti
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of Cambridge; Downing St Cambridge CB2 3EQ UK
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Ana M. Belenguer
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Andrzej Katrusiak
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Artur R. Stefankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89c 61-614 Poznań Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu X, Liu H, Sun Q, Fu X, Huang R, Fang Y. Formation of an ionic PTCA-PBA-NH2 complex and its fluorescent changes triggered by cyclic boronate ester establishing and cleavage reaction. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
18
|
Drożdż W, Bouillon C, Kotras C, Richeter S, Barboiu M, Clément S, Stefankiewicz AR, Ulrich S. Generation of Multicomponent Molecular Cages using Simultaneous Dynamic Covalent Reactions. Chemistry 2017; 23:18010-18018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Drożdż
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89c, 6 1-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Camille Bouillon
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier; 240 Avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Clément Kotras
- Institut Charles Gerhardt (ICGM), UMR 5253; Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM; Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Sébastien Richeter
- Institut Charles Gerhardt (ICGM), UMR 5253; Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM; Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR 5635; Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group; Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Sébastien Clément
- Institut Charles Gerhardt (ICGM), UMR 5253; Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM; Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Artur R. Stefankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89c, 6 1-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier; 240 Avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bartolami E, Knoops J, Bessin Y, Fossépré M, Chamieh J, Dumy P, Surin M, Ulrich S. One-Pot Self-Assembly of Peptide-Based Cage-Type Nanostructures Using Orthogonal Ligations. Chemistry 2017; 23:14323-14331. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eline Bartolami
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier; 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
- Present address: Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Knoops
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials; University of Mons-UMONS; 20, Place du Parc 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Yannick Bessin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier; 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Mathieu Fossépré
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials; University of Mons-UMONS; 20, Place du Parc 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Joseph Chamieh
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier; 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Pascal Dumy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier; 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials; University of Mons-UMONS; 20, Place du Parc 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier; 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Brégier F, Hudeček O, Chaux F, Penouilh MJ, Chambron JC, Lhoták P, Aubert E, Espinosa E. Generation of Cryptophanes in Water by Disulfide Bridge Formation. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oldřích Hudeček
- ICMUB, UMR6302, CNRS; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté; 21000 Dijon France
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology Prague; Technicka 6 16628 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Fanny Chaux
- ICMUB, UMR6302, CNRS; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté; 21000 Dijon France
| | | | | | - Pavel Lhoták
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology Prague; Technicka 6 16628 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Emmanuel Aubert
- CRM2, UMR7036, CNRS; Univ. Lorraine; 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Enrique Espinosa
- CRM2, UMR7036, CNRS; Univ. Lorraine; 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Valdivielso AM, Puig-Castellví F, Atcher J, Solà J, Tauler R, Alfonso I. Unraveling the Multistimuli Responses of a Complex Dynamic System of Pseudopeptidic Macrocycles. Chemistry 2017; 23:10789-10799. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel M. Valdivielso
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling; IQAC-CSIC; Jordi Girona 18-26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Joan Atcher
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling; IQAC-CSIC; Jordi Girona 18-26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Jordi Solà
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling; IQAC-CSIC; Jordi Girona 18-26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Romà Tauler
- Department of Environmental Chemistry; IDAEA-CSIC; Jordi Girona 18-26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ignacio Alfonso
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling; IQAC-CSIC; Jordi Girona 18-26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Markiewicz G, Jenczak A, Kołodziejski M, Holstein JJ, Sanders JKM, Stefankiewicz AR. Selective C 70 encapsulation by a robust octameric nanospheroid held together by 48 cooperative hydrogen bonds. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15109. [PMID: 28488697 PMCID: PMC5436139 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of multiple building blocks via hydrogen bonds into well-defined nanoconstructs with selective binding function remains one of the foremost challenges in supramolecular chemistry. Here, we report the discovery of a enantiopure nanocapsule that is formed through the self-assembly of eight amino acid functionalised molecules in nonpolar solvents through 48 hydrogen bonds. The nanocapsule is remarkably robust, being stable at low and high temperatures, and in the presence of base, presumably due to the co-operative geometry of the hydrogen bonding motif. Thanks to small pore sizes, large internal cavity and sufficient dynamicity, the nanocapsule is able to recognize and encapsulate large aromatic guests such as fullerenes C60 and C70. The structural and electronic complementary between the host and C70 leads to its preferential and selective binding from a mixture of C60 and C70. Individual hydrogen bonds are weak, so self-assembling multiple components via hydrogen bonding is a significant challenge. Here the authors report a robust, enantiopure nanocapsule held together by 48 cooperative hydrogen bonds, and use it for the selective binding of C70.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Markiewicz
- Laboratory of Functional Nanostructures, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.,Laboratory of Functional Nanostructures, Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89c, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Jenczak
- Laboratory of Functional Nanostructures, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.,Laboratory of Functional Nanostructures, Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89c, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Kołodziejski
- Laboratory of Functional Nanostructures, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.,Laboratory of Functional Nanostructures, Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89c, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Julian J Holstein
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jeremy K M Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Artur R Stefankiewicz
- Laboratory of Functional Nanostructures, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.,Laboratory of Functional Nanostructures, Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89c, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Atcher J, Solà J, Alfonso I. Pseudopeptidic compounds for the generation of dynamic combinatorial libraries of chemically diverse macrocycles in aqueous media. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:213-219. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02441f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of pseudopeptidic dithiol building blocks leads to the generation of highly diverse dynamic libraries of macrocycles in aqueous media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Atcher
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling
- IQAC-CSIC
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Jordi Solà
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling
- IQAC-CSIC
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Ignacio Alfonso
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling
- IQAC-CSIC
- Barcelona
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Markiewicz G, Piechocki M, Walczak A, Połomska EA, Harrowfield J, Stefankiewicz AR. Generation and transformation of a hemi-iminal-based metal–organic Fe(ii) structure obtained via subcomponent self-assembly in water. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:14826-14830. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03182c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Generation of hemi-iminal Fe(ii) species from subcomponent self-assembly in water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Markiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies
| | - Miłosz Piechocki
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies
| | - Anna Walczak
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies
| | - Ewa A. Połomska
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies
| | | | - Artur R. Stefankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang Y, Sun J, Liu Z, Nassar MS, Botros YY, Stoddart JF. Symbiotic Control in Mechanical Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12387-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Junling Sun
- Department of Chemistry; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Majed S. Nassar
- Joint Center of Excellence in Integrated Nano-Systems (JCIN); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST); P.O. Box 6086 Riyadh 11442 KSA
| | - Youssry Y. Botros
- PanaceaNano, Inc.; 2265 East Foothill Boulevard Pasadena CA 91107 USA
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang Y, Sun J, Liu Z, Nassar MS, Botros YY, Stoddart JF. Symbiotic Control in Mechanical Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Junling Sun
- Department of Chemistry; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Majed S. Nassar
- Joint Center of Excellence in Integrated Nano-Systems (JCIN); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST); P.O. Box 6086 Riyadh 11442 KSA
| | - Youssry Y. Botros
- PanaceaNano, Inc.; 2265 East Foothill Boulevard Pasadena CA 91107 USA
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lafuente M, Atcher J, Solà J, Alfonso I. Adaptive Correction from Virtually Complex Dynamic Libraries: The Role of Noncovalent Interactions in Structural Selection and Folding. Chemistry 2015; 21:17002-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
28
|
Nowak P, Colomb-Delsuc M, Otto S, Li J. Template-Triggered Emergence of a Self-Replicator from a Dynamic Combinatorial Library. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10965-9. [PMID: 26192814 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of a specific member of a dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) may lead to self-replication of this molecule. However, if the concentration of the potential replicator in the DCL fails to exceed its critical aggregation concentration (CAC), then self-replication will not occur. We now show how addition of a template can raise the concentration of a library member-template complex beyond its CAC, leading to the onset of self-replication. Once in existence, the replicator aggregates promote further replication also in the absence of the template that induced the initial emergence of the replicator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Nowak
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Insitute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Colomb-Delsuc
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Insitute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Insitute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jianwei Li
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Insitute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Drożdż W, Kołodziejski M, Markiewicz G, Jenczak A, Stefankiewicz AR. Generation of a Multicomponent Library of Disulfide Donor-Acceptor Architectures Using Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:16300-12. [PMID: 26193265 PMCID: PMC4519951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160716300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here the generation of new donor-acceptor disulfide architectures obtained in aqueous solution at physiological pH. The application of a dynamic combinatorial chemistry approach allowed us to generate a large number of new disulfide macrocyclic architectures together with a new type of [2]catenanes consisting of four distinct components. Up to fifteen types of structurally-distinct dynamic architectures have been generated through one-pot disulfide exchange reactions between four thiol-functionalized aqueous components. The distribution of disulfide products formed was found to be strongly dependent on the structural features of the thiol components employed. This work not only constitutes a success in the synthesis of topologically- and morphologically-complex targets, but it may also open new horizons for the use of this methodology in the construction of molecular machines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Drożdż
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89c, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Michał Kołodziejski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89c, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Markiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89c, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Anna Jenczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89c, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Artur R Stefankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89c, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The discovery of coronands and cryptands, organic compounds that can accommodate metal ions in a preorganized two- or three-dimensional environment, was a milestone in supramolecular chemistry, leading to countless applications from organic synthesis to metallurgy and medicine. These compounds are typically prepared via multistep organic synthesis and one of their characteristic features is the high stability of their covalent framework. Here we report the use of a dynamic covalent exchange reaction for the one-pot template synthesis of a new class of coronates and cryptates, in which acid-labile O,O,O-orthoesters serve as bridgeheads. In contrast to their classic analogues, the compounds described herein are constitutionally dynamic in the presence of acid and can be induced to release their guest via irreversible deconstruction of the cage. These properties open up a wide range of application opportunities, from systems chemistry to molecular sensing and drug delivery. Cryptands and related molecules are macrocyclic polyethers capable of strongly binding cations. Here, the authors use orthoester exchange for the dynamic one-pot synthesis of crypates, which can bind cations and, given their constitutionally dynamic nature, can also be decomposed to release their guest.
Collapse
|
31
|
Solà J, Lafuente M, Atcher J, Alfonso I. Constitutional self-selection from dynamic combinatorial libraries in aqueous solution through supramolecular interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:4564-6. [PMID: 24647648 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00245h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe the predominant formation of a specific constitution arising from the combination of building blocks with different topologies through disulphide chemistry in a Dynamic Combinatorial Library (DCL). The supramolecular interactions established by a zwitterionic cysteine moiety are responsible for the self-selection of one product from all the virtual members of a large library.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Solà
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Atcher J, Moure A, Bujons J, Alfonso I. Salt-Induced Adaptation of a Dynamic Combinatorial Library of Pseudopeptidic Macrocycles: Unraveling the Electrostatic Effects in Mixed Aqueous Media. Chemistry 2015; 21:6869-78. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Atcher
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona (Spain)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nowak P, Saggiomo V, Salehian F, Colomb-Delsuc M, Han Y, Otto S. Localized Template-Driven Functionalization of Nanoparticles by Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4192-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
34
|
Nowak P, Saggiomo V, Salehian F, Colomb-Delsuc M, Han Y, Otto S. Localized Template-Driven Functionalization of Nanoparticles by Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
35
|
Wilson H, Byrne S, Mullen KM. Dynamic Covalent Synthesis of Donor-Acceptor Interlocked Architectures in Solution and at the Solution:Surface Interface. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:715-21. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
36
|
Reversible Morphological Transformation between Polymer Nanocapsules and Thin Films through Dynamic Covalent Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2693-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
37
|
Kim J, Baek K, Shetty D, Selvapalam N, Yun G, Kim NH, Ko YH, Park KM, Hwang I, Kim K. Reversible Morphological Transformation between Polymer Nanocapsules and Thin Films through Dynamic Covalent Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
38
|
He W, Fang Z, Yang Z, Ji D, Chen K, Guo K. Identification of competitive inhibitors for bovine serum albumin from dynamic combinatorial libraries containing a bienzyme system. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01651g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Three dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) have been generated by using esterification, combined with a protocol based on size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and HRMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Technology University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Zheng Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Nanjing Technology University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Zhao Yang
- College of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical of University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Dong Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Technology University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Ketao Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Technology University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Technology University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zarra S, Wood DM, Roberts DA, Nitschke JR. Molecular containers in complex chemical systems. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:419-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00165f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses recent advances in the use of molecular containers in complex chemical systems, focusing on three aspects: host–guest behaviour, structural transformations and reactivity modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel M. Wood
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ulatowski F, Lichosyt D, Jurczak J. Introducing a static receptor to compete with a dynamic combinatorial library in template binding. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:10451-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01698c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Association constants can be obtained from HPLC analysis of a system comprising a dynamic combinatorial library and a static host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Ulatowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Dawid Lichosyt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Janusz Jurczak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li J, Nowak P, Otto S. An Allosteric Receptor by Simultaneous “Casting” and “Molding” in a Dynamic Combinatorial Library. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
42
|
Li J, Nowak P, Otto S. An allosteric receptor by simultaneous "casting" and "molding" in a dynamic combinatorial library. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:833-7. [PMID: 25430978 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Allosteric synthetic receptors are difficult to access by design. Herein we report a dynamic combinatorial strategy towards such systems based on the simultaneous use of two different templates. Through a process of simultaneous casting (the assembly of a library member around a template) and molding (the assembly of a library member inside the binding pocket of a template), a Russian-doll-like termolecular complex was obtained with remarkable selectivity. Analysis of the stepwise formation of the complex indicates that binding of the two partners by the central macrocycle exhibits significant positive cooperativity. Such allosteric systems represent hubs that may have considerable potential in systems chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Li
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands) http://www.otto-lab.com
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Black SP, Sanders JKM, Stefankiewicz AR. Disulfide exchange: exposing supramolecular reactivity through dynamic covalent chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:1861-72. [PMID: 24132207 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A Tutorial Review of the subtle supramolecular interactions influencing the outcomes of equilibrating systems, focusing on the dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) of disulfide exchange reactions, is presented. We discuss the topics of cation-π interactions (2.1), hydrophobic effects (2.2), hydrogen bonding interactions (2.3) aromatic donor-acceptor interactions (2.4), and metal-ligand interactions (2.5) in the context of dynamic disulfide chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Black
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UKCB21EW
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Herrmann A. Dynamic combinatorial/covalent chemistry: a tool to read, generate and modulate the bioactivity of compounds and compound mixtures. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:1899-933. [PMID: 24296754 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reversible covalent bond formation under thermodynamic control adds reactivity to self-assembled supramolecular systems, and is therefore an ideal tool to assess complexity of chemical and biological systems. Dynamic combinatorial/covalent chemistry (DCC) has been used to read structural information by selectively assembling receptors with the optimum molecular fit around a given template from a mixture of reversibly reacting building blocks. This technique allows access to efficient sensing devices and the generation of new biomolecules, such as small molecule receptor binders for drug discovery, but also larger biomimetic polymers and macromolecules with particular three-dimensional structural architectures. Adding a kinetic factor to a thermodynamically controlled equilibrium results in dynamic resolution and in self-sorting and self-replicating systems, all of which are of major importance in biological systems. Furthermore, the temporary modification of bioactive compounds by reversible combinatorial/covalent derivatisation allows control of their release and facilitates their transport across amphiphilic self-assembled systems such as artificial membranes or cell walls. The goal of this review is to give a conceptual overview of how the impact of DCC on supramolecular assemblies at different levels can allow us to understand, predict and modulate the complexity of biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herrmann
- Firmenich SA, Division Recherche et Développement, Route des Jeunes 1, B. P. 239, CH-1211 Genève 8, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ulatowski F, Sadowska-Kuzioła A, Jurczak J. "Choose-a-size" approach in dynamic combinatorial chemistry: a single substrate dynamic combinatorial library of oligomacrocycles that adapts to the size and shape of carboxylates. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9762-70. [PMID: 25280250 DOI: 10.1021/jo501956h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A neutral anion binding receptor based on dipicolinic acid diamide was equipped with thiol groups in the amidic side arms. After the thiol was oxidized to disulfide groups with I2, a mixture of cyclic oligomers (a library) was obtained. The distribution of macrocycles can be controlled kinetically during the oxidation process or thermodynamically at basic conditions via disulfide bond exchange. The library proved to be very sensitive to templation with various carboxylates in DMSO. The amplification pattern reflects the structural features of the anionic template and is sensitive to changes in the template's geometry. The application of carboxylates with multiple functional groups resulted in very strong amplification of the large penta- and hexameric macrocycles. The thermodynamic parameters of some templation effects were rationalized using a simple model and confirmed using competitive NMR titration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Ulatowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fanlo-Virgós H, Alba ANR, Hamieh S, Colomb-Delsuc M, Otto S. Transient substrate-induced catalyst formation in a dynamic molecular network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11346-50. [PMID: 25169198 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In biology enzyme concentrations are continuously regulated, yet for synthetic catalytic systems such regulatory mechanisms are underdeveloped. We now report how a substrate of a chemical reaction induces the formation of its own catalyst from a dynamic molecular network. After complete conversion of the substrate, the network disassembles the catalyst. These results open up new opportunities for controlling catalysis in synthetic chemical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Fanlo-Virgós
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands) http://www.otto-lab.com
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fanlo-Virgós H, Alba ANR, Hamieh S, Colomb-Delsuc M, Otto S. Transient Substrate-Induced Catalyst Formation in a Dynamic Molecular Network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
48
|
Matache M, Bogdan E, Hădade ND. Selective Host Molecules Obtained by Dynamic Adaptive Chemistry. Chemistry 2014; 20:2106-31. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
49
|
Mukherjee S, Mukherjee PS. Template-free multicomponent coordination-driven self-assembly of Pd(ii)/Pt(ii) molecular cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2239-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49192g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes the recent developments in the construction of multicomponent molecular hollowed-out cages through the metal–ligand coordination-driven self-assembly process, with a focus on the decreasing relevance of the use of templates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Karmakar A, Oliver CL, Platero-Prats AE, Laurila E, Öhrström L. Crystal structures and hydrogen bond analysis of five amino acid conjugates of terephthalic and benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acids. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00605d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This amino acid derived (red&blue) π-stacked (green) hydrogen bonded (striped) dimer forms a pcu-net with water molecules in the narrow channels. Four related molecules are also presented and all were subjected to graph set and Hirshfeld surface analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Karmakar
- Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Physical Chemistry
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Clive L. Oliver
- Centre for Supramolecular Chemistry Research
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ana E. Platero-Prats
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK) and Department of Organic Chemistry (OC)
- Stockholm University
- Sweden
| | - Elina Laurila
- Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Physical Chemistry
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Öhrström
- Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Physical Chemistry
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|