1
|
Cortezon-Tamarit F, Song K, Kuganathan N, Arrowsmith RL, Mota Merelo de Aguiar SR, Waghorn PA, Brookfield A, Shanmugam M, Collison D, Ge H, Kociok-Köhn G, Pourzand C, Dilworth JR, Pascu SI. Structural and Functional Diversity in Rigid Thiosemicarbazones with Extended Aromatic Frameworks: Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Structural Investigations. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16047-16079. [PMID: 37179648 PMCID: PMC10173449 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The long-standing interest in thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) has been largely driven by their potential toward theranostic applications including cellular imaging assays and multimodality imaging. We focus herein on the results of our new investigations into: (a) the structural chemistry of a family of rigid mono(thiosemicarbazone) ligands characterized by extended and aromatic backbones and (b) the formation of their corresponding thiosemicarbazonato Zn(II) and Cu(II) metal complexes. The synthesis of new ligands and their Zn(II) complexes was performed using a rapid, efficient and straightforward microwave-assisted method which superseded their preparation by conventional heating. We describe hereby new microwave irradiation protocols that are suitable for both imine bond formation reactions in the thiosemicabazone ligand synthesis and for Zn(II) metalation reactions. The new thiosemicarbazone ligands, denoted HL, mono(4-R-3-thiosemicarbazone)quinone, and their corresponding Zn(II) complexes, denoted ZnL2, mono(4-R-3-thiosemicarbazone)quinone, where R = H, Me, Ethyl, Allyl, and Phenyl, quinone = acenapthnenequinone (AN), aceanthrenequinone (AA), phenanthrenequinone (PH), and pyrene-4,5-dione (PY) were isolated and fully characterized spectroscopically and by mass spectrometry. A plethora of single crystal X-ray diffraction structures were obtained and analyzed and the geometries were also validated by DFT calculations. The Zn(II) complexes presented either distorted octahedral geometry or tetrahedral arrangements of the O/N/S donors around the metal center. The modification of the thiosemicarbazide moiety at the exocyclic N atoms with a range of organic linkers was also explored, opening the way to bioconjugation protocols for these compounds. The radiolabeling of these thiosemicarbazones with 64Cu was achieved under mild conditions for the first time: this cyclotron-available radioisotope of copper (t1/2 = 12.7 h; β+ 17.8%; β- 38.4%) is well-known for its proficiency in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and for its theranostic potential, on the basis of the preclinical and clinical cancer research of established bis(thiosemicarbazones), such as the hypoxia tracer 64Cu-labeled copper(diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone)], [64Cu]Cu(ATSM). Our labeling reactions proceeded in high radiochemical incorporation (>80% for the most sterically unencumbered ligands) showing promise of these species as building blocks for theranostics and synthetic scaffolds for multimodality imaging probes. The corresponding "cold" Cu(II) metalations were also performed under the mild conditions mimicking the radiolabeling protocols. Interestingly, room temperature or mild heating led to Cu(II) incorporation in the 1:1, as well as 1:2 metal: ligand ratios in the new complexes, as evident from extensive mass spectrometry investigations backed by EPR measurements, and the formation of Cu(L)2-type species prevails, especially for the AN-Ph thiosemicarbazone ligand (L-). The cytotoxicity levels of a selection of ligands and Zn(II) complexes in this class were further tested in commonly used human cancer cell lines (HeLa, human cervical cancer cells, and PC-3, human prostate cancer cells). Tests showed that their IC50 levels are comparable to that of the clinical drug cis-platin, evaluated under similar conditions. The cellular internalizations of the selected ZnL2-type compounds Zn(AN-Allyl)2, Zn(AA-Allyl)2, Zn(PH-Allyl)2, and Zn(PY-Allyl)2 were evaluated in living PC-3 cells using laser confocal fluorescent spectroscopy and these experiments showed exclusively cytoplasmic distributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kexin Song
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United
Kingdom
| | - Navaratnarajah Kuganathan
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, Exhibition
Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Rory L. Arrowsmith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United
Kingdom
| | | | - Philip A. Waghorn
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Brookfield
- Department
of Chemistry, and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Muralidharan Shanmugam
- Department
of Chemistry, and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David Collison
- Department
of Chemistry, and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Haobo Ge
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United
Kingdom
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
- Centre of
Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Jonathan Robin Dilworth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Ioana Pascu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Centre of
Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sarpaki S, Cortezon-Tamarit F, Exner RM, Song K, de Aguiar SRM, Ge H, Pourzand C, Paisey SJ, Kociok-Köhn G, Dilworth JR, Carroll L, Pascu SI. Functional, Aromatic, and Fluorinated Monothiosemicarbazones: Investigations into Their Structures and Activity toward the Gallium-68 Incorporation by Microwave Irradiation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13750-13777. [PMID: 35559172 PMCID: PMC9088960 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of a new series of coordinating monothiosemicarbazones incorporating aromatic backbones, featuring O/N/S donor centers monosubstituted with different aliphatic, aromatic, fluorinated, and amine-functionalized groups at their N centers. Their ability to bind metal ions such as Zn(II) and Ga(III) was explored, and the formation of two different coordination isomers of the Zn(II) complex was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction studies using synchrotron radiation. These studies showed the planar geometry for the coordinated mono(thiosemicarbazone) ligand and that the metal center can adopt either a heavily distorted tetrahedral Zn center (placed in an N/S/S/N environment, with CN = 4) or a pseudo-octahedral geometry, where the Zn(II) center is in the O/N/S/S/N/O environment, and CN = 6. Furthermore, 2-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-3,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and cellular imaging in living cells were subsequently performed in two different cancer cell lines: PC-3 (a standard cell line derived from a bone metastasis of a stage IV prostate cancer) and EMT6 (a commercial murine mammary carcinoma cell line). The radiolabeling of new functional and aromatic monothiosemicarbazones with either gallium-68 (under pH control) or fluorine-18 is discussed. The potential of this class of compounds to act as synthetic scaffolds for molecular imaging agents of relevance to positron emission tomography was evaluated in vitro, and the cellular uptake of a simultaneously fluorinated and [68Ga]-labeled mono(thiosemicarbazone) was investigated and is reported here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Sarpaki
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rüdiger Maria Exner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Kexin Song
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Haobo Ge
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department
of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University
of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
of Therapeutic Innovations, University of
Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen James Paisey
- Wales
Research and Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Robin Dilworth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Department
of Medicine, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United
Kingdom
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Sofia Ioana Pascu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
of Therapeutic Innovations, University of
Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Priessner M, Summers PA, Lewis BW, Sastre M, Ying L, Kuimova MK, Vilar R. Selective Detection of Cu
+
Ions in Live Cells via Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Priessner
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Peter A. Summers
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Benjamin W. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Magdalena Sastre
- Department of Brain Sciences Imperial College London Hammersmith Campus London W12 0NN UK
| | - Liming Ying
- National Heart and Lung Institute Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Marina K. Kuimova
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Ramon Vilar
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Priessner M, Summers PA, Lewis BW, Sastre M, Ying L, Kuimova MK, Vilar R. Selective Detection of Cu + Ions in Live Cells via Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23148-23153. [PMID: 34379368 PMCID: PMC8596571 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element in living organisms with its levels and localisation being carefully managed by the cellular machinery. However, if misregulated, deficiency or excess of copper ions can lead to several diseases. Therefore, it is important to have reliable methods to detect, monitor and visualise this metal in cells. Herein we report a new optical probe based on BODIPY, which shows a switch-on in its fluorescence intensity upon binding to copper(I), but not in the presence of high concentration of other physiologically relevant metal ions. More interestingly, binding to copper(I) leads to significant changes in the fluorescence lifetime of the new probe, which can be used to visualize copper(I) pools in lysosomes of live cells via fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Priessner
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Peter A. Summers
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Benjamin W. Lewis
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Magdalena Sastre
- Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonHammersmith CampusLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Liming Ying
- National Heart and Lung InstituteMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusImperial College LondonLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Marina K. Kuimova
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Ramon Vilar
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kirtani DU, Ghatpande NS, Suryavanshi KR, Kulkarni PP, Kumbhar AA. Fluorescent Copper(II) Complexes of Asymmetric Bis(Thiosemicarbazone)s: Electrochemistry, Cellular Uptake and Antiproliferative Activity. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti U. Kirtani
- Department of Chemistry Savitribai Phule Pune University Ganeshkhind Road Pune 411007 India
| | - Niraj S. Ghatpande
- Bioprospecting Group Agharkar Research Institute Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road Pune 411004 India
| | - Komal R. Suryavanshi
- Bioprospecting Group Agharkar Research Institute Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road Pune 411004 India
| | - Prasad P. Kulkarni
- Bioprospecting Group Agharkar Research Institute Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road Pune 411004 India
| | - Anupa A. Kumbhar
- Department of Chemistry Savitribai Phule Pune University Ganeshkhind Road Pune 411007 India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Simões JCS, Sarpaki S, Papadimitroulas P, Therrien B, Loudos G. Conjugated Photosensitizers for Imaging and PDT in Cancer Research. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14119-14150. [PMID: 32990442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Early cancer detection and perfect understanding of the disease are imperative toward efficient treatments. It is straightforward that, for choosing a specific cancer treatment methodology, diagnostic agents undertake a critical role. Imaging is an extremely intriguing tool since it assumes a follow up to treatments to survey the accomplishment of the treatment and to recognize any conceivable repeating injuries. It also permits analysis of the disease, as well as to pursue treatment and monitor the possible changes that happen on the tumor. Likewise, it allows screening the adequacy of treatment and visualizing the state of the tumor. Additionally, when the treatment is finished, observing the patient is imperative to evaluate the treatment methodology and adjust the treatment if necessary. The goal of this review is to present an overview of conjugated photosensitizers for imaging and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João C S Simões
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.,BioEmission Technology Solutions, Alexandras Avenue 116, 11472 Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Sarpaki
- BioEmission Technology Solutions, Alexandras Avenue 116, 11472 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Bruno Therrien
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - George Loudos
- BioEmission Technology Solutions, Alexandras Avenue 116, 11472 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ge H, Cortezon-Tamarit F, Wang HC, Sedgwick AC, Arrowsmith RL, Mirabello V, Botchway SW, James TD, Pascu SI. Multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and super-resolution fluorescence imaging with a supramolecular biopolymer for the controlled tagging of polysaccharides. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9498-9507. [PMID: 31046042 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10344e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A new supramolecular polysaccharide complex, comprising a functionalised coumarin tag featuring a boronic acid and β-d-glucan (a natural product extract from barley, Hordeum Vulgare) was assembled based on the ability of the boronate motif to specifically recognise and bind to 1,2- or 1,3-diols in water. The complexation ratio of the fluorophore : biopolymer strand was determined from fluorescence titration experiments in aqueous environments and binding isotherms best described this interaction using a 2 : 1 model with estimated association constants of K2:1a1 = 5.0 × 104 M-1 and K2:1a2 = 3.3 × 1011 M-1. The resulting hybrid (denoted 5@β-d-glucan) was evaluated for its cellular uptake as an intact functional biopolymer and its distribution compared to that of the pinacol-protected coumarin boronic acid derivative using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) in living cells. The new fluorescent β-d-glucan conjugate has a high kinetic stability in aqueous environments with respect to the formation of the free boronic acid derivative compound 5 and retains fluorescence emissive properties both in solution and in living cells, as shown by two-photon fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC). Super-resolution fluorescence imaging using Airyscan detection as well as TM AFM and Raman spectroscopy investigations confirmed the formation of fluorescent and nano-dimensional aggregates of up to 20 nm dimensions which self-assemble on several different inert surfaces, such as borosilicate glass and mica surfaces, and these aggregates can also be observed within living cells with optical imaging techniques. The cytoplasmic distribution of the 5@β-d-glucan complex was demonstrated in several different cancer cell lines (HeLa and PC-3) as well as in healthy cells (J774.2 macrophages and FEK-4). Both new compounds (pinacol protected boronated coumarin) 5-P and its complex hybrid 5@β-d-glucan successfully penetrate cellular membranes with the minimum morphological alterations to cells and distribute evenly in the cytoplasm. The glucan biopolymer retains its activity towards macrophages in the presence of the coumarin tag functionality, demonstrating the potential of this natural β-d-glucan to act as a functional self-assembled theranostic scaffold capable of mediating the delivery of anchored small organic molecules with imaging and drug delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | | - Hui-Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Adam C Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105E, 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - Rory L Arrowsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Vincenzo Mirabello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, and Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Sofia I Pascu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mirabello V, Cortezon-Tamarit F, Pascu SI. Oxygen Sensing, Hypoxia Tracing and in Vivo Imaging with Functional Metalloprobes for the Early Detection of Non-communicable Diseases. Front Chem 2018; 6:27. [PMID: 29527524 PMCID: PMC5829448 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia has been identified as one of the hallmarks of tumor environments and a prognosis factor in many cancers. The development of ideal chemical probes for imaging and sensing of hypoxia remains elusive. Crucial characteristics would include a measurable response to subtle variations of pO2 in living systems and an ability to accumulate only in the areas of interest (e.g., targeting hypoxia tissues) whilst exhibiting kinetic stabilities in vitro and in vivo. A sensitive probe would comprise platforms for applications in imaging and therapy for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) relying on sensitive detection of pO2. Just a handful of probes for the in vivo imaging of hypoxia [mainly using positron emission tomography (PET)] have reached the clinical research stage. Many chemical compounds, whilst presenting promising in vitro results as oxygen-sensing probes, are facing considerable disadvantages regarding their general application in vivo. The mechanisms of action of many hypoxia tracers have not been entirely rationalized, especially in the case of metallo-probes. An insight into the hypoxia selectivity mechanisms can allow an optimization of current imaging probes candidates and this will be explored hereby. The mechanistic understanding of the modes of action of coordination compounds under oxygen concentration gradients in living cells allows an expansion of the scope of compounds toward in vivo applications which, in turn, would help translate these into clinical applications. We summarize hereby some of the recent research efforts made toward the discovery of new oxygen sensing molecules having a metal-ligand core. We discuss their applications in vitro and/or in vivo, with an appreciation of a plethora of molecular imaging techniques (mainly reliant on nuclear medicine techniques) currently applied in the detection and tracing of hypoxia in the preclinical and clinical setups. The design of imaging/sensing probe for early-stage diagnosis would longer term avoid invasive procedures providing platforms for therapy monitoring in a variety of NCDs and, particularly, in cancers.
Collapse
|
9
|
Aboagye E, Alger K, Archibald S, Bakar N, Barton N, Bergare J, Bloom J, Bragg R, Burke B, Burns M, Carroll L, Calatayud D, Cawthorne C, Cortezon-Tamarit F, Crean C, Crump M, Dilworth J, Domarkas J, Duckett S, Eggleston I, Elmore C, van Es E, Fekete M, Goodwin M, Green G, Grönberg G, Hayes C, Hayes M, Hollis S, Hueting R, Ivanov P, Johnston G, Kerr W, Kohler A, Knox G, Lawrie K, Lee R, Lewis W, Lin B, Lockley W, López-Torres E, Lv K, Maddocks S, Marsh B, Mendiola A, Mirabello V, Miranda C, Norcott P, O'Hagan D, Olaru A, Pascu S, Rayner P, Read D, Ridge K, Ritter T, Roberts I, Samuri N, Sarpaki S, Somers D, Taylor R, Tuttle T, Varcoe J, Willis C. Abstracts of the 25th
International Isotope Society (UK Group) symposium: Synthesis and applications of labelled compounds 2016. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
10
|
Brown OC, Baguña Torres J, Holt KB, Blower PJ, Went MJ. Copper complexes with dissymmetrically substituted bis(thiosemicarbazone) ligands as a basis for PET radiopharmaceuticals: control of redox potential and lipophilicity. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:14612-14630. [PMID: 28703233 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02008b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper(ii) bis(thiosemicarbazone) derivatives have been used extensively in positron emission tomography (PET) to image hypoxia and blood flow and to radiolabel cells for cell tracking. These applications depend on control of redox potentials and lipophilicity of the bis(thiosemicarbazone) complexes, which can be adjusted by altering peripheral ligand substituents. This paper reports the synthesis of a library of new dissymmetrically substituted bis(thiosemicarbazone) ligands by controlling the condensation reactions between dicarbonyl compounds and 4-substituted-3-thiosemicarbazides or using acetal protection. Copper complexes of the new ligands have been prepared by reaction with copper acetate or via transmetallation of the corresponding zinc complexes, which are convenient precursors for the rapid synthesis of radio-copper complexes. Well-defined structure-activity relationships linking ligand alkylation patterns with redox potential and lipophilicity of the complexes are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Brown
- University of Kent, School of Physical Sciences, Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Syntheses, characterizations and third-order NLO properties of a series of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes using a novel S-benzyldithiocarbazate ligand. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
12
|
Li M, Ge H, Mirabello V, Arrowsmith RL, Kociok-Köhn G, Botchway SW, Zhu W, Pascu SI, James TD. Lysosomal tracking with a cationic naphthalimide using multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11161-11164. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05166b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A naphthalimide-based chemosensing motif capable of turning on the fluorescence emission in solution and in vitro is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY
- UK
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
| | - Haobo Ge
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Vincenzo Mirabello
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Rory L. Arrowsmith
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY
- UK
| | | | - Stanley W. Botchway
- Central Laser Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Research Complex at Harwell
- STFC Didcot
- UK
| | - Weihong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Sofia I. Pascu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Tony D. James
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cortezon-Tamarit F, Sarpaki S, Calatayud DG, Mirabello V, Pascu SI. Applications of "Hot" and "Cold" Bis(thiosemicarbazonato) Metal Complexes in Multimodal Imaging. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1380-97. [PMID: 27149900 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The applications of coordination chemistry to molecular imaging has become a matter of intense research over the past 10 years. In particular, the applications of bis(thiosemicarbazonato) metal complexes in molecular imaging have mainly been focused on compounds with aliphatic backbones due to the in vivo imaging success of hypoxic tumors with PET (positron emission tomography) using (64) CuATSM [copper (diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone))]. This compound entered clinical trials in the US and the UK during the first decade of the 21(st) century for imaging hypoxia in head and neck tumors. The replacement of the ligand backbone to aromatic groups, coupled with the exocyclic N's functionalization during the synthesis of bis(thiosemicarbazones) opens the possibility to use the corresponding metal complexes as multimodal imaging agents of use, both in vitro for optical detection, and in vivo when radiolabeled with several different metallic species. The greater kinetic stability of acenaphthenequinone bis(thiosemicarbazonato) metal complexes, with respect to that of the corresponding aliphatic ATSM complexes, allows the stabilization of a number of imaging probes, with special interest in "cold" and "hot" Cu(II) and Ga(III) derivatives for PET applications and (111) In(III) derivatives for SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography) applications, whilst Zn(II) derivatives display optical imaging properties in cells, with enhanced fluorescence emission and lifetime with respect to the free ligands. Preliminary studies have shown that gallium-based acenaphthenequinone bis(thiosemicarbazonato) complexes are also hypoxia selective in vitro, thus increasing the interest in them as new generation imaging agents for in vitro and in vivo applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophia Sarpaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - David G Calatayud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Vincenzo Mirabello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Sofia I Pascu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Synthetic fluorescent probes to map metallostasis and intracellular fate of zinc and copper. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Alam IS, Arrowsmith RL, Cortezon-Tamarit F, Twyman F, Kociok-Köhn G, Botchway SW, Dilworth JR, Carroll L, Aboagye EO, Pascu SI. Microwave gallium-68 radiochemistry for kinetically stable bis(thiosemicarbazone) complexes: structural investigations and cellular uptake under hypoxia. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:144-55. [PMID: 26583314 PMCID: PMC4758186 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02537k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the microwave synthesis of several bis(thiosemicarbazones) and the rapid gallium-68 incorporation to give the corresponding metal complexes. These proved kinetically stable under 'cold' and 'hot' biological assays and were investigated using laser scanning confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and radioactive cell retention studies under normoxia and hypoxia. (68)Ga complex retention was found to be 34% higher in hypoxic cells than in normoxic cells over 30 min, further increasing to 53% at 120 min. Our data suggests that this class of gallium complexes show hypoxia selectivity suitable for imaging in living cells and in vivo tests by microPET in nude athymic mice showed that they are excreted within 1 h of their administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israt S Alam
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK.
| | - Rory L Arrowsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | | - Frazer Twyman
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK.
| | | | - Stanley W Botchway
- Oxford Brookes University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, The Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Laurence Carroll
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK.
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK.
| | - Sofia I Pascu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hickey JL, James JL, Henderson CA, Price KA, Mot AI, Buncic G, Crouch PJ, White JM, White AR, Smith TA, Donnelly PS. Intracellular Distribution of Fluorescent Copper and Zinc Bis(thiosemicarbazonato) Complexes Measured with Fluorescence Lifetime Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9556-67. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Janine L. James
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Katherine A. Price
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alexandra I. Mot
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Peter J. Crouch
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Anthony R. White
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hueting R, Kersemans V, Tredwell M, Cornelissen B, Christlieb M, Gee AD, Passchier J, Smart SC, Gouverneur V, Muschel RJ, Dilworth JR. A dual radiolabelling approach for tracking metal complexes: investigating the speciation of copper bis(thiosemicarbazonates) in vitro and in vivo. Metallomics 2015; 7:795-804. [PMID: 25768310 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00330f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Copper(II)bis(thiosemicarbazonato) complexes such as [(64)Cu]Cu-ATSM continue to be investigated for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tumour hypoxia. However, the currently proposed mechanisms for the mode of action of these complexes are unable to account fully for their observed biological behaviour. In order to examine the roles of the copper metal and the ligand, we designed a pair of (123)I/(64)Cu-copper bis(thiosemicarbazonates), radiolabelled at either the metal or at the ligand. In vitro cellular retention studies of the orthogonal pair demonstrate for the first time that retention under hypoxia involves dissociation of the copper bis(thiosemicarbazone) complex, consistent with the previously suggested mechanism of reductive trapping of copper. In contrast, in vivo biodistribution and dynamic PET/SPECT imaging of the orthogonally labelled complexes underline our previous findings for [(64)Cu]Cu-ATSM and [(64)Cu]Cu-acetate, providing further support for the important contribution of copper metabolism in the in vivo hypoxia selectivity of Cu-ATSM. This dual radiolabelling approach may find applications for determining the speciation of other metal complexes in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Hueting
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Arrowsmith RL, Atkin AJ, Botchway SW, Fairlamb IJS, Lynam JM, Moir JWB, Pascu SI, Ward JS, Zhang WQ. Confocal and fluorescence lifetime imaging sheds light on the fate of a pyrene-tagged carbon monoxide-releasing Fischer carbene chromium complex. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:4957-62. [PMID: 25553721 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03312d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new pyrene-containing Fischer carbene complex is described. The complex has a broad absorbance spectrum between 300 and 400 nm and, on excitation at 345 nm in CH2Cl2 solution, emission is observed at 395 and 415 nm. Emission is also observed in PBS buffer, but in this case the resulting spectra are much broader. Confocal and fluorescence lifetime imaging indicate that emission occurs on treating HeLa cells with the complex and co-localisation studies demonstrate that this is from the mitochondria and lipid-rich regions of the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rory L Arrowsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Botchway SW, Scherer KM, Hook S, Stubbs CD, Weston E, Bisby RH, Parker AW. A series of flexible design adaptations to the Nikon E-C1 and E-C2 confocal microscope systems for UV, multiphoton and FLIM imaging. J Microsc 2015; 258:68-78. [PMID: 25664385 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy is widely employed in the life sciences using extrinsic fluorescence of low- and high-molecular weight labels with excitation and emission spectra in the visible and near infrared regions. For imaging of intrinsic and extrinsic fluorophores with excitation spectra in the ultraviolet region, multiphoton excitation with one- or two-colour lasers avoids the need for ultraviolet-transmitting excitation optics and has advantages in terms of optical penetration in the sample and reduced phototoxicity. Excitation and detection of ultraviolet emission around 300 nm and below in a typical inverted confocal microscope is more difficult and requires the use of expensive quartz optics including the objective. In this technical note we describe the adaptation of a commercial confocal microscope (Nikon, Japan E-C1 or E-C2) for versatile use with Ti-sapphire and OPO laser sources and the addition of a second detection channel that enables detection of ultraviolet fluorescence and increases detection sensitivity in a typical fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy experiment. Results from some experiments with this setup illustrate the resulting capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley W Botchway
- Central Laser Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liao Z, Tropiano M, Faulkner S, Vosch T, Sørensen TJ. Time-resolved confocal microscopy using lanthanide centred near-IR emission. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15759e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved NIR imaging of lanthanide coated silica particles using Photon Arrival Time Imaging allows fast acquisition of high contrast images based on the probe luminescence lifetime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Liao
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Manuel Tropiano
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford University
- Oxford OX1 3TA
- UK
| | | | - Tom Vosch
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hu Z, Arrowsmith RL, Tyson JA, Mirabello V, Ge H, Eggleston IM, Botchway SW, Dan Pantos G, Pascu SI. A fluorescent Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD) peptide–naphthalenediimide (NDI) conjugate for imaging integrin αvβ3in vitro. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6901-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08265f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a fluorescent peptide conjugate (TrpNDIRGDfK) based on the coupling of cyclo(RGDfK) to a new tryptophan-tagged amino acid naphthalenediimide (TrpNDI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Hu
- State Key Lab of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum-Beijing
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | | | | | - Haobo Ge
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- UK
| | | | - Stanley W. Botchway
- Central Laser Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Research Complex at Harwell
- STFC
- UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Davies LH, Kasten BB, Benny PD, Arrowsmith RL, Ge H, Pascu SI, Botchway SW, Clegg W, Harrington RW, Higham LJ. Re and (99m)Tc complexes of BodP3--multi-modality imaging probes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:15503-5. [PMID: 25248386 PMCID: PMC4659712 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06367h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent tridentate phosphine, BodP3 (2), forms rhenium complexes which effectively image cancer cells. Related technetium analogues are also readily prepared and have potential as dual SPECT/fluorescent biological probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Davies
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Baggaley E, Cao DK, Sykes D, Botchway SW, Weinstein JA, Ward MD. Combined two-photon excitation and d→f energy transfer in a water-soluble Ir(III)/Eu(III) dyad: two luminescence components from one molecule for cellular imaging. Chemistry 2014; 20:8898-903. [PMID: 24930403 PMCID: PMC4145666 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The first example of cell imaging using two independent emission components from a dinuclear d/f complex is reported. A water-stable, cell-permeable Ir(III) /Eu(III) dyad undergoes partial Ir→Eu energy transfer following two-photon excitation of the Ir unit at 780 nm. Excitation in the near-IR region generated simultaneously green Ir-based emission and red Eu-based emission from the same probe. The orders-of-magnitude difference in their timescales (Ir ca. μs; Eu ca. 0.5 ms) allowed them to be identified by time-gated detection. Phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM) allowed the lifetime of the Ir-based emission to be measured in different parts of the cell. At the same time, the cells are simultaneously imaged by using the Eu-based emission component at longer timescales. This new approach to cellular imaging by using dual d/f emitters should therefore enable autofluorescence-free sensing of two different analytes, independently, simultaneously and in the same regions of a cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deng-Ke Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldSheffield S3 7HF (UK)
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093 (P.R. China)
| | - Daniel Sykes
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldSheffield S3 7HF (UK)
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcot OX11 0FA (UK)
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldSheffield S3 7HF (UK)
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldSheffield S3 7HF (UK)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li M, Ge H, Arrowsmith RL, Mirabello V, Botchway SW, Zhu W, Pascu SI, James TD. Ditopic boronic acid and imine-based naphthalimide fluorescence sensor for copper(ii). Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11806-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03453h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Baggaley E, Gill MR, Green NH, Turton D, Sazanovich IV, Botchway SW, Smythe C, Haycock JW, Weinstein JA, Thomas JA. Dinuclear ruthenium(II) complexes as two-photon, time-resolved emission microscopy probes for cellular DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3367-71. [PMID: 24458590 PMCID: PMC4298790 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The first transition-metal complex-based two-photon absorbing luminescence lifetime probes for cellular DNA are presented. This allows cell imaging of DNA free from endogenous fluorophores and potentially facilitates deep tissue imaging. In this initial study, ruthenium(II) luminophores are used as phosphorescent lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM) probes for nuclear DNA in both live and fixed cells. The DNA-bound probes display characteristic emission lifetimes of more than 160 ns, while shorter-lived cytoplasmic emission is also observed. These timescales are orders of magnitude longer than conventional FLIM, leading to previously unattainable levels of sensitivity, and autofluorescence-free imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Baggaley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF (UK)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Baggaley E, Gill MR, Green NH, Turton D, Sazanovich IV, Botchway SW, Smythe C, Haycock JW, Weinstein JA, Thomas JA. Dinuclear Ruthenium(II) Complexes as Two-Photon, Time-Resolved Emission Microscopy Probes for Cellular DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
27
|
Baggaley E, Botchway SW, Haycock JW, Morris H, Sazanovich IV, Williams JAG, Weinstein JA. Long-lived metal complexes open up microsecond lifetime imaging microscopy under multiphoton excitation: from FLIM to PLIM and beyond. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51875b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
28
|
Baggaley E, Sazanovich IV, Williams JAG, Haycock JW, Botchway SW, Weinstein JA. Two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging of cells and tissues using a long-lived cyclometallated Npyridyl^Cphenyl^Npyridyl Pt(ii) complex. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04489d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ‘longer’ picture: emission bio-imaging over microsecond time frame with scanning, multi-photon posphorescence-lifetime-imaging-microscopy (PLIM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor V. Sazanovich
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
- Central Laser Facility
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
| | | | - John W. Haycock
- Department of Engineering Materials
- The Kroto Research Institute
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Renfrew AK, Bryce NS, Hambley TW. Delivery and release of curcumin by a hypoxia-activated cobalt chaperone: a XANES and FLIM study. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51530c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|