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Cheng H, Liu Y, Xu M, Shi R, Hu L, Ba Y, Wang G. Chemical composition combined with network pharmacology and quality markers analysis for the quality evaluation of Qing-fei-da-yuan granules. ANAL SCI 2024:10.1007/s44211-024-00592-w. [PMID: 39048764 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00592-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Qing-fei-da-yuan granules (QFDYGs) had been proved to be an effective TCM prescription for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which are composed of a variety of TCMs, and characterized by multiple components, multiple targets and overall regulation. It is meaningful to further study the chemical composition and pharmacology of QFDYGs for quality evaluation. However, due to the complexity of the components of QFDYGs, there are no reliable and simple analytical methods for current quality evaluation. In this work, antipyretic activity assessment of QFDYGs in the LPS-induced New Zealand rabbit model was carried out to verify the efficacy firstly. It was proved that QFDYGs can be used to relieve fever to help preventing or controlling the prevalence of influenza and pneumonia. Subsequently, UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS combined with network pharmacology, quality markers and fingerprint analysis were used to establish the quality control condition. The chemical compositions were analyzed by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS, and 79 of them were identified, such as arecoline, mangiferin, paeoniflorin, etc. Then, the network pharmacology strategy based on 45 candidate components (CCs) in conjunction with influenza and pneumonia diseases was employed to screen the potential active ingredients. According to the drug-CCs-genes-diseases (D-CCs-G-D) networks, baicalein, honokiol, baicalin, paeoniflorin, saikosaponin A, glycyrrhizic acid and hesperidin were selected as quality markers. And a method for content determination of the 7 quality markers was established by optimizing extraction methods, chromatographic conditions and methodological verification. Finally, the quality of 15 batches of QFDYGs was evaluated by using the 7 quality markers combined with fingerprints and principal component analysis (PCA). The analyzed results showed that baicalin, paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizic acid and hesperidin were the high content and stable quality markers. QFDYGs were characterized by overall consistency and individual ingredient differences among the 15 batches. Our quality evaluation study will provide reference for the further development and research of QFDYGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanbo Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei Engineering Research Center of Chinese Material Medical Processing Technology, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional, Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Chizhengtang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hubei Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule Engineering Technology Research Center, Huangshi, 435100, China
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mengling Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional, Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Chizhengtang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hubei Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule Engineering Technology Research Center, Huangshi, 435100, China
| | - Ruixue Shi
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional, Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Chizhengtang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hubei Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule Engineering Technology Research Center, Huangshi, 435100, China
| | - Lifei Hu
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional, Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Chizhengtang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hubei Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule Engineering Technology Research Center, Huangshi, 435100, China
| | - Yuanming Ba
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Guangzhong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei Engineering Research Center of Chinese Material Medical Processing Technology, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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2
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Pei S, Wang M, Wang B, Tian H, Chen Z, Wang R, Hou Z, Liu Z, Liu S. Unraveling the chemical constituents, absorption characteristics, and metabolic profile of Codonopsis Radix based on UPLC-Q- Orbitrap MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 249:116339. [PMID: 39024794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Codonopsis Radix (CR), a traditional tonic medicinal material in China, has been proven to possess a variety of bioactive functions. However, its chemical composition and in vivo metabolic pattern have not been fully elucidated. In this study, AB-8 macroporous resin column chromatography was employed for the enrichment of small molecular components in CR. Furthermore, a method combining ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry with Acquire X intelligent data acquisition technology software was developed for the preliminary screening and identification of the chemical composition of CR in vitro and their metabolites in vivo. As a result, a total of 116 components were preliminarily characterized in the CR extract, including 28 polyacetylenes, 33 organic acids, 4 amino acids, 23 alkaloids, 9 phenylpropanoids, 6 terpenoids, 2 nucleosides, and 11 others. Additionally, a total of 84 compounds, including 37 prototype components and 47 metabolites, were identified in the plasma, urine, and feces of rats after oral administration of CR. Specifically, 11, 24, 19, 32, and 25 constituents were identified in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney, respectively. Of note, the lung and spleen are the organs with the highest distribution of CR compounds. These findings will serve as valuable data for future research on the correlation between the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Meiyuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - He Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Rongjin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zong Hou
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhongying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
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Chu R, Zhou Y, Ye C, Pan R, Tan X. Advancements in the investigation of chemical components and pharmacological properties of Codonopsis: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38632. [PMID: 38941387 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Codonopsis (Campanulaceae) have a long history of application, acclaimed for its edible and therapeutic attributes. Scholarly inquiries into Codonopsis span botany, phytochemistry, quality assurance, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity, revealing a rich and comprehensive body of knowledge. This study synthesizes information from esteemed scientific databases like SciFinder, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese herbal classics to create a thorough scientific conceptual and theoretical framework for Codonopsis research. In this article, the phytochemical composition includes saccharides, polyacetylenes, polyenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, terpenoids, and organic acids was summarized. To date, over 350 monomeric compounds have been isolated and identified from Codonopsis, with recent studies primarily focusing on polysaccharides, aromatic derivatives, lignans, and polyacetylenes. Codonopsis exhibits broad pharmacological activities across various systems, including immune, blood, cardiovascular, central nervous, and digestive systems, with no significant toxicity or adverse effects reported. The existing research, focusing on various extracts and active parts without identifying specific active molecules, complicates the understanding of the mechanisms of action. There is an urgent need to advance research on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects to fully elucidate its pharmacodynamic properties and the basis of its material composition. Such efforts are crucial for the rational development, utilization, and clinical application of this herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chu
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiquan Zhou
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenjuan Ye
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Pan
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomei Tan
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
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4
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Liang W, Sun J, Bai G, Qiu D, Li Q, Dong P, Chen Y, Guo F. Codonopsis radix: a review of resource utilisation, postharvest processing, quality assessment, and its polysaccharide composition. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1366556. [PMID: 38746010 PMCID: PMC11091420 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1366556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Codonopsis radix is the dried root of C. pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., C. pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen, or C. tangshen Oliv., constitutes a botanical medicine with a profound historical lineage. It encompasses an array of bioactive constituents, including polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and polysaccharides, conferring upon it substantial medicinal and edible values. Consequently, it has garnered widespread attention from numerous scholars. In recent years, driven by advancements in modern traditional Chinese medicine, considerable strides have been taken in exploring resources utilization, traditional processing, quality evaluation and polysaccharide research of Codonopsis radix. However, there is a lack of systematic and comprehensive reporting on these research results. This paper provides a summary of recent advances in Codonopsis research, identifies existing issues in Codonopsis studies, and offers insights into future research directions. The aim is to provide insights and literature support for forthcoming investigations into Codonopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Daiyu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengbin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fengxia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Chen X, Wu H, Li P, Peng W, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang A, Li J, Meng F, Wang W, Su W. Unraveling the Mechanism of Xiaochaihu Granules in Alleviating Yeast-Induced Fever Based on Network Analysis and Experimental Validation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:475. [PMID: 38675434 PMCID: PMC11053540 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Xiaochaihu granules (XCHG) are extensively used to treat fever. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the potential of XCHG in mitigating yeast-induced fever and the underlying metabolic pathways. The chemical composition of XCHG was ascertained using ultra-fast liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS), followed by integrated network analysis to predict potential targets. We then conducted experimental validation using pharmacological assays and metabolomics analysis in a yeast-induced mouse fever model. The study identified 133 compounds in XCHG, resulting in the development of a comprehensive network of herb-compound-biological functional modules. Subsequently, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations confirmed the stability of the complexes, including γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor 2 (GABBR2)-saikosaponin C, prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases (PTGS2)-lobetyolin, and NF-κB inhibitor IκBα (NFKBIA)-glycyrrhizic acid. Animal experiments demonstrated that XCHG reduced yeast-induced elevation in NFKBIA's downstream regulators [interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8], inhibited PTGS2 activity, and consequently decreased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. XCHG also downregulated the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), and adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH). These corroborated the network analysis results indicating XCHG's effectiveness against fever in targeting NFKBIA, PTGS2, and GABBR2. The hypothalamus metabolomics analysis identified 14 distinct metabolites as potential antipyretic biomarkers of XCHG. In conclusion, our findings suggest that XCHG alleviates yeast-induced fever by regulating inflammation/immune responses, neuromodulation, and metabolism modules, providing a scientific basis for the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of XCHG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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6
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Li Y, Dong P, Shang Z, Dai L, Wang S, Zhang J. Unveiling the Chemical Composition of Sulfur-Fumigated Herbs: A Triple Synthesis Approach Using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS-A Case Study on Steroidal Saponins in Ophiopogonis Radix. Molecules 2024; 29:702. [PMID: 38338446 PMCID: PMC10856428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ophiopogonis Radix (OR) is a traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, in order to achieve the purpose of drying, bleaching, sterilizing and being antiseptic, improving appearance, and easy storage, people often use sulfur fumigation for its processing. However, changes in the chemical composition of medicinal herbs caused by sulfur fumigation can lead to the transformation and loss of potent substances. Therefore, the development of methods to rapidly reveal the chemical transformation of medicinal herbs induced by sulfur fumigation can guarantee the safe clinical use of medicines. In this study, a combined full scan-parent ions list-dynamic exclusion acquisition-diagnostic product ions analysis strategy based on UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS was proposed for the analysis of steroidal saponins and their transformed components in sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix (SF-OR). Based on precise mass measurements, chromatographic behavior, neutral loss ions, and diagnostic product ions, 286 constituents were screened and identified from SF-OR, including 191 steroidal saponins and 95 sulfur-containing derivatives (sulfates or sulfites). The results indicated that the established strategy was a valuable and effective analytical tool for comprehensively characterizing the material basis of SF-OR, and also provided a basis for potential chemical changes in other sulfur-fumigated herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Pingping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Zhanpeng Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Long Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Shaoping Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
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7
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Qin SR, Wang W, Li D, Pu YF, Cui T, Wang WJ. Qualitative analysis on the transdermal absorption from the dichloromethane extract of the Sambucus adnata wall. based on UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115509. [PMID: 37329651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sambucus adnata Wall.(SAW) has been used to treat osteoarthritis by the Yi nationality in China. The present study established an overall identification strategy based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS) method to characterize the multiple chemical constituents of SAW before and after percutaneous penetration. Nineteen compounds, including triterpenoids, fatty acids, lignans, flavonoid, and amide, were tentatively identified in the dichloromethane extract of SAW, while fourteen ingredients penetrated the skin. Among them, eleven components were reported for the first time in SAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ran Qin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resources, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resources, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Dashan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resources, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yue-Fei Pu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resources, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Cui
- Yunnan Province Company Key Laboratory for TCM and Ethnic Drug of New Drug Creation, Yunnan Institute of Materia Medica, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resources, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.
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8
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Yue J, Xiao Y, Chen W. Insights into Genus Codonopsis: From past Achievements to Future Perspectives. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-32. [PMID: 37585270 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2242953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Codonopsis plants, as a kind of medicinal and edible herb, have a long history of application and have been widely concerned by pharmacists and biologists. In this article, the species diversity, taxonomy and distribution, ethnic medicinal records, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, and quality evaluation methods of Codonopsis species were systematically reviewed. In addition, the research progress of Codonopsis plants using biotechnology in recent years was summarized. The phytochemistry and biological activities of Codonopsis are widely evaluated. To date, more than 350 compounds have been isolated from Codonopsis. Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides are important functional components and biomarkers. Lobetyolin, atractylenolide III, tangshenoside I, and oligosaccharide can be considered as characteristic index components to evaluate the quality of Codonopsis plants. Although recent experimental evidence has confirmed the pharmacological value of this genus, its quality control, resource development and utilization, and active ingredient synthesis mechanisms are not well studied. In particular, molecular biology research is still in its infancy, but its application prospects are broad, and it is a hot spot for future research on Codonopsis. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct a detailed study on the single level of phytochemistry, pharmacology, and molecular biology of Codonopsis to establish a scientific evaluation system and modern medication guidelines. The multi-angle, multi-level, and multi-aspect integrated association analysis is also an inevitable trend for the future in-depth study of Codonopsis plants. This research status was summarized in order to provide a broader scientific research idea and theoretical reference for the in-depth study of Codonopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Yue
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
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Chan YM, Lu BW, Zhang WH, Chan KC, Fang J, Luo HY, Du J, Zhao ZZ, Chen HB, Dong C, Xu J. Impact of Sulfur Fumigation on the Chemistry of Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Chinese Yam). ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:21293-21304. [PMID: 37332814 PMCID: PMC10269262 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Chinese yam; derived from the rhizome of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) (DR), commonly consumed as a food or supplement, is often sulfur-fumigated during post-harvest handling, but it remains largely unknown if and how sulfur fumigation impacts the chemistry of DR. In this study, we report the impact of sulfur fumigation on the chemical profile of DR and then the molecular and cellular mechanisms potentially involved in the chemical variations induced by sulfur fumigation. The results show that sulfur fumigation significantly and specifically changed the small metabolites (molecular weight lower than 1000 Da) and polysaccharides of DR at both qualitative and quantitative levels. Multifaceted molecular and cellular mechanisms involving chemical transformations (e.g., acidic hydrolysis, sulfonation, and esterification) and histological damage were found to be responsible for the chemical variations in sulfur-fumigated DR (S-DR). The research outcomes provide a chemical basis for further comprehensive and in-depth safety and functional evaluations of sulfur-fumigated DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui-Man Chan
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bo-Wen Lu
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics
and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi
University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Wei-Hao Zhang
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Kam-Chun Chan
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jing Fang
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Han-Yan Luo
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi
University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Zhao
- Institute
of Ben Cao Gang Mu, Beijing University of
Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Caixia Dong
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics
and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School
of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department
of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy
of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, China
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10
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Lv Y, Xu X, Wei Y, Shen Y, Chen W, Wei X, Wang J, Xin J, He J, Zu X. Characterization and Discrimination of Ophiopogonis Radix with Different Levels of Sulfur Fumigation Based on UPLC-QTOF-MS Combined Molecular Networking with Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020204. [PMID: 36837823 PMCID: PMC9963253 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophiopogonis Radix, also known as "Maidong" (MD) in China, is frequently sulfur-fumigated (SF) in the pretreatment process of MD to improve the appearance and facilitate preservation. However, the process leads to changes in chemical composition, so it is essential to develop an approach to identify the chemical characteristics between nonfumigated and sulfur-fumigated products. This paper provided a practical method based on UPLC-QTOF-MS combined Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) with multivariate statistical analysis for the characterization and discrimination of MD with different levels of sulfur fumigation, high concentration sulfur fumigation (HS), low concentration sulfur fumigation (LS) and without sulfur fumigation (WS). First, a number of 98 compounds were identified in those MD samples. Additionally, the results of Principal component analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) demonstrated that there were significant chemical differences in the chemical composition of MD with different degrees of SF. Finally, fourteen and sixteen chemical markers were identified upon the comparison between HS and WS, LS and WS, respectively. Overall, these results can be able to discriminate MD with different levels of SF as well as establish a solid foundation for further quality control and pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xike Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanping Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunheng Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xintong Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiayun Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jixiang He
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +086-0531-89628200 (J.H.); +086-021-81871248 (X.Z.)
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +086-0531-89628200 (J.H.); +086-021-81871248 (X.Z.)
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He J, Jiang J, Xie T, Liu Y, Cai H, Xiao S, Cai Z, Chen T. Exploring the nephrotoxicity of sulfur-containing derivatives in sulfur-fumigated Panacis Quinquefolii Radix based on chemical profiling and untargeted metabolomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115773. [PMID: 36191660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panacis Quinquefolii Radix (PQR) is often illegally sulfur fumigated to extend shelf life and improve appearance, but existing regulations of detecting SO2 residues do not accurately identify desulfurized sulfur-fumigated PQR (SF-PQR). Although sulfur-containing derivatives (SCDs) have been reported in some sulfur-fumigated herbs, there is a lack of research on the generation mechanisms and toxicity of SCDs. Our previous study reported the nephrotoxicity of SF-PQR, and there is an urgent necessity to illuminate the mechanism of toxicity as well as its association with SCDs. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the transformation pattern of chemical components and SCDs in SF-PQR, and to disclose the linkage between SCDs and SF-PQR nephrotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extracts of PQR (before and after SF) were detected by the UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS method, and SCDs were screened as quality markers (Q-markers). The composition of sulfur combustion products was examined by ion chromatography to exploit the conversion mechanism of SCDs. After administration of PQR extracts to mice for two weeks, serum was collected for GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics study to mine for differential metabolites. The upstream genes were traced by network analysis to probe toxicity targets. Molecular docking was used to uncover the interactions between SCDs and the targets. RESULTS Thirty-three compounds were identified and 11 SCDs of saponins were screened, including four SO3 sulfonation products and five H2SO3 sulfonation products. Metabolomics study showed significant alterations in serum biochemistry of SF-PQR group, with substantial increases in fumarate and 2-heptanone content, and induced disturbances in glycerolipid metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis in mice. Network analysis revealed that the key toxicity targets were DECR1, PLA2G1B, and CAT. Molecular docking indicated that SCDs had stable interaction forces with the above three toxicity targets. CONCLUSION SF-PQR caused kidney damage by affecting glycerolipid metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. Eleven SCDs were potential nephrotoxic substances and Q-markers for identifying SF-PQR. This study is the first to systematically elucidate the mechanism of SF-PQR-related nephrotoxicity, providing a robust basis for the construction of new quality control standards and a global prohibition of sulfur fumigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin He
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301(#) Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301(#) Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tong Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- ADR Monitoring Center, Zhenjiang Food and Drug Supervision and Inspection Center, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shichang Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301(#) Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhihui Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301(#) Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Tong Chen
- Comprehensive Technical Center, Zhenjiang Customs District PR China, Zhenjiang, 212004, China.
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UPLC-QTOF-MS-Based Metabolomics and Antioxidant Capacity of Codonopsis lanceolata from Different Geographical Origins. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020267. [PMID: 36673357 PMCID: PMC9858319 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Codonopsis lanceolata (C. lanceolata) has been commonly utilized as a therapeutic plant in traditional medicine. In this study, we examined variations in metabolites in C. lanceolata roots grown in different regions using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). Multivariate analysis showed that the metabolite profiles of plants grown in Hoengseong and Jeongseon were more similar to each other than to that of C. lanceolata grown in Jeju. Most primary metabolites were present at higher levels in C. lanceolata grown in Jeju. In contrast, C. lanceolata grown in Hoengseong and Jeongseon had high levels of secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids and triterpenoid saponins, respectively. In addition, the bioactive compound content and antioxidant capacity of in C. lanceolata grown in Hoengseong and Jeongseon were observed to be higher than those of C. lanceolata grown in Jeju. This study suggests that metabolomics is an effective approach to investigate the difference of metabolite profiling in C. lanceolata from different geographical origins, and is useful for evaluating its pharmacological potential.
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Huang W, Wen F, Ruan S, Gu P, Gu S, Song S, Zhou J, Li Y, Liu J, Shu P. Integrating HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, network pharmacology and experimental validation to decipher the chemical substances and mechanism of modified Gui-shao-liu-jun-zi decoction against gastric cancer. J Tradit Complement Med 2023; 13:245-262. [PMID: 37128200 PMCID: PMC10148141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide. Modified Gui-shao-liu-jun-zi decoction (mGSLJZ) is a clinically effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound in GC treatment. This study aimed to analyze main chemical substances of mGSLJZ and investigate active ingredients and molecular mechanism of mGSLJZ against GC. Experimental procedure HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to analyze chemical substances of mGSLJZ, and potential active ingredients were screened from TCMSP. The target set of mGSLJZ for GC was obtained based on SwissTargetPrediction. The PPI network was constructed to screen out core targets. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted to identify BPs, CCs, MFs and pathways. The "active ingredient-core target-pathway" regulatory network was constructed to obtain core substances. Subsequently, Oncomine, Proteinatlas and molecular docking were performed to validate these findings. The cell experiments were conducted to confirm the anti-GC effects of mGLSJZ. Results and conclusion Forty-one potential active ingredients were filtered out from 120 chemical substances in mGSLJZ, including various organic acids and flavonoids. The top 10 key targets, 20 related pathways and 6 core medicinal substances were obtained based on network pharmacology analysis. Molecular docking results indicated that the core substances and key targets had good binding activities. The cell experiments validated that mGSLJZ and the core substances inhibited the proliferation in multiple GC cells and that mGLSJZ restrained the migration of GC. Meanwhile, the top 5 targets and top 2 pathways were verified. The rescue experiments demonstrated that mGSLJZ suppressed the proliferation and migration of GC through the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Ruan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peixing Gu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Suping Gu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Song
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiatong Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Corresponding author. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China.
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14
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Dong J, Na Y, Hou A, Zhang S, Yu H, Zheng S, Lan W, Yang L. A review of the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, analysis method and quality control, processing methods, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of codonopsis radix. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1162036. [PMID: 37089919 PMCID: PMC10117688 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1162036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Codonopsis Radix, a traditional Chinese medicine in China, has great medicinal and scientific value. Moreover, it can also be used as a health product in daily diet. This paper reviews the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, analysis method and quality control, processing methods, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics and toxicity related to Codonopsis Radix. The information of Codonopsis Radix is obtained from scientific databases (such as Baidu Scholar, CNKI, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and SciFinder Scholar), Chinese herbal classics, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, PhD and MSc dissertations, and so on. The chemical components mainly include alkaloids, alkynes and polyacetylenes, flavonoids, lignans, steroids, terpenoids, organic acids, volatile oils, saccharides and other components, which have a wide range of neuroprotective effects, protection of gastrointestinal mucosa and anti-ulcer, regulation of body immunity, anti-tumor, endocrine regulation, improvement of hematopoietic function, cardiovascular protection, anti-aging and antioxidant effects. In conclusion, this paper summarizes in depth the shortcomings of the current research on Codonopsis Radix and proposes corresponding solutions. At the same time, this paper provides theoretical support for further research on the biological function and potential clinical efficacy of Codonopsis Radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yexin Na
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ajiao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Senwang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Lan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Lan, ; Liu Yang,
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Lan, ; Liu Yang,
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15
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Tang XY, Zeng JX, Wang XX, Xu WY, Zhao PC, Fan CL, Yao ZH, Yao XS, Dai Y. Chemical and metabolic profiling of Codonopsis Radix extract with an integrated strategy using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200723. [PMID: 36401831 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Codonopsis radix was commonly used as food materials or herbal medicines in many countries. However, the comprehensive analysis of chemical constituents, and in vivo xenobiotics of Codonopsis radix remain unclear. In the present study, an integrated strategy with feature-based molecular networking using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was established to systematically screen the chemical constituents and the in vivo xenobiotics of Codonopsis radix. A step-by-step manner based on a composition database, visual structure classification, discriminant ions, and metabolite software prediction was proposed to overcome the complexities due to the similar structure of chemical constituents and metabolites of Codonopsis radix. As a result, 103 compounds were tentatively characterized, 20 of which were identified by reference standards. Besides, a total of 50 xenobiotics were detected in vivo, including 26 prototypes and 24 metabolites, while the metabolic features of the pyrrolidine alkaloids were elucidated for the first time. The metabolism reactions of pyrrolidine alkaloids and sesquiterpene lactones included oxidation, methylation, hydration, hydrogenation, demethylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation. This study provided a generally applicable approach to the comprehensive investigation of the chemical and metabolic profile of traditional Chinese medicine and offered reasonable guidelines for further screening of quality control indicators and pharmacodynamics mechanism of Codonopsis radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yang Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xing Zeng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xing Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Yi Xu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Cheng Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Lian Fan
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hong Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yi Dai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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16
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Tang X, Fan C, Zeng J, Zhao P, Wang X, Cai W, Li T, Dai Y, Yao Z, Yao X. Targeted isolation and identification of bioactive pyrrolidine alkaloids from Codonopsis pilosula using characteristic fragmentation-assisted mass spectral networking. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:948-960. [PMID: 36549808 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Codonopsis pilosula (CP), a well-known food medicine homology plant, is commonly used in many countries. In our preliminary study, a series of pyrrolidine alkaloids with high MS responses were detected as characteristic absorbed constituents in rat plasma after oral administration of CP extract. However, their structures were unclear due to the presence of various isomers and the lack of reference standards. In the present study, an MS-guided targeted isolation of pyrrolidine alkaloids of CP extract was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS). For data analysis under fast data directed acquisition mode (Fast-DDA), an effective approach named characteristic fragmentation-assisted mass spectral networking was successfully applied to discover new pyrrolidine alkaloids with high MS response in CP extract. As a result, seven new pyrrolizidine alkaloids [codonopyrrolidiums C-I (3-9)], together with two known ones (1 and 2), were isolated and identified by NMR spectral analysis. Among them, codonopyrrolidium B (1), codonopyrrolidium D (4) and codonopyrrolidium E (5) were evaluated for lipid-lowering activity, and they could improve high fructose-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. In addition, the characteristic MS/MS fragmentation patterns of these pyrrolizidine alkaloids were investigated, and 17 pyrrolidine alkaloids were identified. This approach could accelerate novel natural products discovery and characterize a class of natural products with MS/MS fragmentation patterns from similar chemical scaffolds. The research also provides a chemical basis for revealingin vivo effective substances in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Tang
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Cailian Fan
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China.
| | - Jiaxing Zeng
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wang
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wanjun Cai
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi Dai
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhihong Yao
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Chen J, Guo L, Yang G, Yang A, Zheng Y, Wang L. Metabolomic profiling of developing perilla leaves reveals the best harvest time. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:989755. [PMID: 36531401 PMCID: PMC9748349 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were applied to analyze metabolites in perilla leaves (PLs) during its developmental process. In total, 118 metabolites were identified, including volatile and non-volatile compounds, such as terpenoids, sugars, amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and others. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated great variations of metabolites during PLs development. Clustering analysis (CA) clarified the dynamic patterns of the metabolites. The heatmap of CA showed that most of the detected metabolites were significantly accumulated at stage 4 which is the pre anthesis period, and declined afterwards. The results of the present study provide a comprehensive overview of the metabolic dynamics of developing PLs which suggested that pre anthesis period is the best harvest time for PLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Long Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guiya Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Aitong Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
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Cheng Y, Xiao M, Chen J, Wang D, Hu Y, Zhang C, Wang T, Fu C, Wu Y, Zhang J. Quality assessment and Q-markers discovery of Tongsaimai tablet by integrating serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology for anti-atherosclerosis benefit. Chin Med 2022; 17:103. [PMID: 36056398 PMCID: PMC9438231 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The limited therapeutic outcomes of atherosclerosis (AS) have allowed, traditional Chinese medicine has been well established as an alternative approach in ameliorating AS and associated clinical syndromes. Clinically, Tongsaimai tablet (TSMT), a commercial Chinese patent medicine approved by CFDA, shows an obvious therapeutic effect on AS treatment. However, its effective mechanism and quality control still need thorough and urgent exploration. Methods The mice were orally administered with TSMT and their serum was investigated for the absorbed compounds using serum pharmacochemistry via the UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS analysis was employed to investigate these absorbed compounds in serum of mice orally administrated with TSMT. Based on these absorbed prototype compounds in serum derived from TSMT, a component-target-disease network was constructed using network pharmacology strategy, which elucidated the potential bioactive components, effective targets, and molecular mechanisms of TSMT against AS. Further, the screened compounds from the component-target network were utilized as the quality control (QC) markers, determining multi-component content determination and HPLC fingerprint to assess quality of nine batches of TSMT samples. Results A total of 164 individual components were identified in TSMT. Among them, 29 prototype compounds were found in serum of mice administrated with TSMT. Based on these candidate prototype components, 34 protein targets and 151 pathways related to AS were predicted, and they might significantly exhibit potential anti-AS mechanisms via synergistic regulations of lipid regulation, shear stress, and anti-inflammation, etc. Five potentially bioactive ingredients in TSMT, including Ferulic acid, Liquiritin, Senkyunolide I, Luteolin and Glycyrrhizic acid in quantity not less than 1.2798, 0.4716, 0.5419, 0.1349, 4.0386 mg/g, respectively, screened from the component-target-pathway network. Thereby, these indicated that these five compounds of TMST which played vital roles in the attenuation of AS could serve as crucial marker compounds for quality control. Conclusions Overall, based on the combination of serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology, the present study firstly provided a useful strategy to establish a quality assessment approach for TSMT by screening out the potential anti-AS mechanisms and chemical quality markers. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00658-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yichen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenfeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, 222001, China.,State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Tuanjie Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, 222001, China.,State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Insights into the Cardiotoxic Effects of Veratrum Lobelianum Alkaloids: Pilot Study. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070490. [PMID: 35878228 PMCID: PMC9315652 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Jervine, protoveratrine A (proA), and protoveratrine B (proB) are Veratrum alkaloids that are presented in some remedies obtained from Veratrum lobelianum, such as Veratrum aqua. This paper reports on a single-center pilot cardiotoxic mechanism study of jervine, proA, and proB in case series. The molecular aspects were studied via molecular dynamic simulation, molecular docking with cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5, and machine learning-based structure–activity relationship modeling. HPLC-MS/MS method in combination with clinical events were used to analyze Veratrum alkaloid cardiotoxicity in patients. Jervine demonstrates the highest docking score (−10.8 kcal/mol), logP value (4.188), and pKa value (9.64) compared with proA and proB. Also, this compound is characterized by the lowest calculated IC50. In general, all three analyzed alkaloids show the affinity to NaV1.5 that highly likely results in cardiotoxic action. The clinical data of seven cases of intoxication by Veratrum aqua confirms the results of molecular modeling. Patients exhibited nausea, muscle weakness, bradycardia, and arterial hypotension. The association between alkaloid concentrations in blood and urine and severity of patient condition is described. These experiments, while primary, confirmed that jervine, proA, and proB contribute to cardiotoxicity by NaV1.5 inhibition.
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Mi Y, Hu W, Li W, Wan S, Xu X, Liu M, Wang H, Mei Q, Chen Q, Yang Y, Chen B, Jiang M, Li X, Yang W, Guo D. Systematic Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Wenxin Granule via Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Ion Mobility Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Triple Quadrupole–Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113647. [PMID: 35684583 PMCID: PMC9181919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wenxin granule (WXG) is a popular traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation for the treatment of arrhythmia disease. Potent analytical technologies are needed to elucidate its chemical composition and assess the quality differences among multibatch samples. In this work, both a multicomponent characterization and quantitative assay of WXG were conducted using two liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approaches. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS) approach combined with intelligent peak annotation workflows was developed to characterize the multicomponents of WXG. A hybrid scan approach enabling alternative data-independent and data-dependent acquisitions was established. We characterized 205 components, including 92 ginsenosides, 53 steroidal saponins, 14 alkaloids, and 46 others. Moreover, an optimized scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (sMRM) method was elaborated, targeting 24 compounds of WXG via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTrap-MS), which was validated based on its selectivity, precision, stability, repeatability, linearity, sensitivity, recovery, and matrix effect. By applying this method to 27 batches of WXG samples, the content variations of multiple markers from Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (21) and Codonopsis Radix (3) were depicted. Conclusively, we achieved the comprehensive multicomponent characterization and holistic quality assessment of WXG by targeting the non-volatile components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueguang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Wandi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Shiyu Wan
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen 518101, China; (S.W.); (Q.M.); (Q.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Meiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Quanxi Mei
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen 518101, China; (S.W.); (Q.M.); (Q.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen 518101, China; (S.W.); (Q.M.); (Q.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen 518101, China; (S.W.); (Q.M.); (Q.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Boxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Meiting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-022-5979-1833
| | - Dean Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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21
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang Z, Cui F, Zhang Q, Song P, Li B, Tang Z, Hu F, Shi X. Characterization of chemical composition variations in raw and processed Codonopsis Radix by integrating metabolomics and glycomics based on multiple chromatography‐mass spectrometry technology. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2375-2393. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Jing‐jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Zi‐xia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Fang Cui
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Qian‐nian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ping‐ping Song
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Zhuo‐shi Tang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Fang‐di Hu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine Lanzhou University 199 Dong‐gang Road West Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xiao‐feng Shi
- Gansu Provincial Academy of Medical Science 2 Xiaoxihu East Street Lanzhou 730050 China
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22
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Jia W, Bi Q, Jiang S, Tao J, Liu L, Yue H, Zhao X. Hypoglycemic activity of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. in vitro and in vivo and its chemical composition identification by UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS/MS. Food Funct 2022; 13:2456-2464. [PMID: 35147627 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03761g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. (CPN), mainly planted in the northwest region, is a traditional Chinese medicine/good health food for nourishing qi and promoting blood circulation. This study firstly evaluated the inhibitory effects of the CPN extraction (CPNE) on α-glucosidase in vitro and in vivo, and tentatively confirmed its chemical ingredients by employing UHPLC-Triple-TOF-MS/MS. The CPNE had strong inhibitory activities against mammalian α-glucosidase (sucrase and maltase) and yeast α-glycosidase with semi-inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.241 mg mL-1, 0.326 mg mL-1 and 1.167 mg mL-1, respectively. In addition, the CPNE could significantly decrease the postprandial blood glucose (PBG) levels in the sucrose/maltose/starch tolerance assays of diabetic mice. Furthermore, a total of 29 compounds, including 3 alkaloids, 13 phenolic acids, 8 alcohol glycosides and 5 alkynosides, were assigned based on comparison with the standards and references, as well as the analysis of main fragments. These results demonstrated that CPN could be used as an adjuvant therapy or dietary supplements to effectively control the occurrence and development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Jia
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai 810008, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qimao Bi
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai 810008, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sirong Jiang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai 810008, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jihong Tao
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai 810008, China.
| | - Liying Liu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai 810008, China.
| | - Huilan Yue
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai 810008, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai 810008, China.
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23
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Fan B, Wang Y, Li Z, Xun D, Dong J, Zhao X, Fan X, Wang Y. Si@Ag@PEI substrate-based SERS sensor for rapid detection of illegally adulterated sulfur dioxide in traditional Chinese medicine. Talanta 2022; 238:122988. [PMID: 34857322 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The illegal adulteration of sulfur dioxide in natural healthcare products may lead to serious health problems, which raise an urgent demand of straightforward approach for detecting sulfur dioxide. In this paper, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor with sample preparation apparatus for headspace adsorption of SO2 has been developed, which was successfully applied to detect illegal adulteration of sulfur dioxide in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Functional membrane substrate of Si@Ag@PEI composite was synthesized to enhance the adsorption and Raman signal of SO2. A 3D-printed headspace extraction device was designed to adsorbed SO2 by Si@Ag@PEI membrane after micro-extraction of TCM samples in 15 min. The content of sulfur dioxide was subsequently quantitatively measured by SERS sensor. The linear range of sensor is between 2.5 and 250 mg/kg with limit of detection of 0.25 mg/kg, which is lower than the strictest standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (10 mg/kg). The proposed approach was used to detect the SO2 residue in TCMs including ginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and bitter almonds. The fabricated sensor exhibited satisfied sensitivity and stability, which provide a simple approach for on-site detection of illegal adulteration of sulfur dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Zhejiang Shouxiangu Institute of Rare Medicine Plant, Wuyi, 321200, China
| | - Dejin Xun
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiangwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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24
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Wang L, Fan J, Qin X, Li Z. Rapid discrimination of raw and sulfur-fumigated Farfarae Flos based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Kong X, Liu C, Lu P, Guo Y, Zhao C, Yang Y, Bo Z, Wang F, Peng Y, Meng J. Combination of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Mechanism of Qizhen Decoction in the Treatment of Colon Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14341-14360. [PMID: 34124457 PMCID: PMC8190929 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been utilized for the treatment of colon cancer. Qizhen decoction (QZD), a potential compound prescription of TCM, possesses multiple biological activities. It has been proven clinically effective in the treatment of colon cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of anticolon cancer activity is still not clear. This study aimed to identify the chemical composition of QZD. Furthermore, a collaborative analysis strategy of network pharmacology and cell biology was used to further explore the critical signaling pathway of QZD anticancer activity. First, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was performed to identify the chemical composition of QZD. Then, the chemical composition database of QZD was constructed based on a systematic literature search and review of chemical constituents. Moreover, the common and indirect targets of chemical components of QZD and colon cancer were searched by multiple databases. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the String database (https://www.string-db.org/). All of the targets were analyzed by Gene Oncology (GO) bioanalysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and the visual network topology diagram of "Prescription-TCM-Chemical composition-Direct target-Indirect target-Pathway" was constructed by Cytoscape software (v3.7.1). The top molecular pathway ranked by statistical significance was further verified by molecular biology methods. The results of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS showed that QZD had 111 kinds of chemical components, of which 103 were unique components and 8 were common components. Ten pivotal targets of QZD in the treatment of colon cancer were screened by the PPI network. Targets of QZD involve many biological processes, such as the signaling pathway, immune system, gene expression, and so on. QZD may interfere with biological pathways such as cell replication, oxygen-containing compounds, or organic matter by protein binding, regulation of signal receptors or enzyme binding, and affect cytoplasm and membrane-bound organelles. The main antitumor core pathways were the apoptosis metabolic pathway, the PI3K-Akt signal pathway, and so on. Expression of the PI3K-Akt signal pathway was significantly downregulated after the intervention of QZD, which was closely related to the inhibition of proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells by cell biology methods. The present work may facilitate a better understanding of the effective components, therapeutic targets, biological processes, and signaling pathways of QZD in the treatment of colon cancer and provide useful information about the utilization of QZD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Kong
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- School
of Chinese Materia Medical, Beijing University
of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuzhu Guo
- Department
of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhichao Bo
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fangyuan Wang
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yingying Peng
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingyan Meng
- College
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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26
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El-Newary SA, Afifi SM, Aly MS, Ahmed RF, El Gendy AENG, Abd-ElGawad AM, Farag MA, Elgamal AM, Elshamy AI. Chemical Profile of Launaea nudicaulis Ethanolic Extract and Its Antidiabetic Effect in Streptozotocin-Induced Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:1000. [PMID: 33668635 PMCID: PMC7918448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Launaea nudicaulis is used in folk medicine worldwide to treat several diseases. The present study aimed to assess the antidiabetic activity of L. nudicaulis ethanolic extract and its effect on diabetic complications in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats. The extract was orally administrated at 250 and 500 mg/kg/day for 5-weeks and compared to glibenclamide as a reference drug at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day. Administration of the extract exhibited a potential hypoglycemic effect manifested by a significant depletion of serum blood glucose concurrent with a significant elevation in serum insulin secretion. After 5-weeks, extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg/day decreased blood glucose levels by about 53.8 and 68.1%, respectively, compared to the initial values (p ≤ 0.05). The extract at the two dosages prevented weight loss of rats from the 2nd week till the end of the experiment, compared to diabetic control rats. The extract further exhibited marked improvement in diabetic complications including liver, kidney and testis performance, oxidative stress, and relative weight of vital organs, with respect to diabetic control. Histopathological examinations confirmed the previous biochemical analysis, where the extract showed a protective effect on the pancreas, liver, kidney, and testis that degenerated in diabetic control rats. To characterize extract composition, UPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS identified 85 chromatographic peaks belonging to flavonoids, phenolics, acyl glycerols, nitrogenous compounds, and fatty acids, with four novel phenolics reported. The potential anti-diabetic effect warrants its inclusion in further studies and or isolation of the main bioactive agent(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah A. El-Newary
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (S.A.E.-N.); (A.E.-N.G.E.G.)
| | - Sherif M. Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed S. Aly
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Rania F. Ahmed
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (R.F.A.); (A.I.E.)
| | - Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (S.A.E.-N.); (A.E.-N.G.E.G.)
| | - Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo P.B. 11562, Egypt;
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Abdelbaset M. Elgamal
- Department of Chemistry of Microbial and Natural Products, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdelsamed I. Elshamy
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (R.F.A.); (A.I.E.)
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27
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Study of the active ingredients and mechanism of Sparganii rhizoma in gastric cancer based on HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and network pharmacology. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1905. [PMID: 33479376 PMCID: PMC7820434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparganii rhizoma (SL) has potential therapeutic effects on gastric cancer (GC), but its main active ingredients and possible anticancer mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we used HPLC-Q-TOF–MS/MS to comprehensively analyse the chemical components of the aqueous extract of SL. On this basis, a network pharmacology method incorporating target prediction, gene function annotation, and molecular docking was performed to analyse the identified compounds, thereby determining the main active ingredients and hub genes of SL in the treatment of GC. Finally, the mRNA and protein expression levels of the hub genes of GC patients were further analysed by the Oncomine, GEPIA, and HPA databases. A total of 41 compounds were identified from the aqueous extract of SL. Through network
analysis, we identified seven main active ingredients and ten hub genes: acacetin, sanleng acid, ferulic acid, methyl 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl) ethynyl]benzoate, caffeic acid, adenine nucleoside, azelaic acid and PIK3R1, PIK3CA, SRC, MAPK1, AKT1, HSP90AA1, HRAS, STAT3, FYN, and RHOA. The results indicated that SL might play a role in GC treatment by controlling the PI3K-Akt and other signalling pathways to regulate biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis in tumour cells. In conclusion, this study used HPLC-Q-TOF–MS/MS combined with a network pharmacology approach to provide an essential reference for identifying the chemical components of SL and its mechanism of action in the treatment of GC.
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28
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Xu F, Kong M, Xu JD, Xu J, Jiang Y, Li SL. Effects of sulfur fumigation and heating desulfurization on quality of medicinal herbs evaluated by metabolomics and glycomics: Codonopsis Radix, a pilot study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113581. [PMID: 32892083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur fumigation and heating desulfurization are used together in the post-harvest processing of many medicinal herbs. However, little is known about the effects of sulfur fumigation on saccharide components, nor about the effects of heating desulfurization on all herbal constituents. In this study, metabolomics and glycomics were integrated to investigate the effects of these two processes on the chemistry of Codonopsis Radix (CR) as a pilot study. The results showed that both sulfur fumigation and heating desulfurization significantly changed the non-saccharide small-molecule metabolome and the glycome of CR in different ways. Chemical mechanisms, such as esterification, glycosidic hydrolysis, esterolysis, amide bond hydrolysis, oxidation and dehydration, are proposed to be involved. These facts strongly inspire that, in addition to investigations of how sulfur fumigation impacts non-saccharide small-molecule metabolites, researches on heating desulfurization and saccharides should be conducted so as to enable accurate, comprehensive evaluation of the quality of sulfur-fumigated herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China.
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Development of a comprehensive method combining UHPLC-CAD fingerprint, multi-components quantitative analysis for quality evaluation of Zishen Yutai Pills: A step towards quality control of Chinese patent medicine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kang C, Lv C, Yang J, Kang L, Ma W, Zhang W, Wang S, Wang T, Sun J, Ge Y, Huang LQ, Guo L. A Practical Protocol for a Comprehensive Evaluation of Sulfur Fumigation of Trichosanthis Radix Based on Both Non-Targeted and Widely Targeted Metabolomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:578086. [PMID: 33042192 PMCID: PMC7527402 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.578086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Trichosanthis Radix (TR) is one of the most severely sulfur-fumigated herbs in the market, whose transformation mechanism of chemical compositions and sulfur-fumigation markers of TR have not been clarified. To excavate characteristic sulfur-fumigation markers of TR samples, this study brings up a practical protocol using both ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrum (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS)-based non-targeted metabolomics and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/quadrupole multiple-stage linear ion-trap mass spectrum (UPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS)-based widely targeted metabolomics. The results of study demonstrated that five characteristic markers are sulfur-containing components, which were identified as p-Hydroxybenzyl hydrogen sulfite, cucurbitacin D sulfite I, cucurbitacin D sulfite II, cucurbitacin B sulfite I, and cucurbitacin B sulfite II, respectively. Additionally, cucurbitacin B and D were also filtered and identified as the characteristic sulfur-fumigation markers. Meanwhile, the different sulfur-fumigation extent of TR samples was tested by chemical transformations analysis and sulfur dioxide residues test. Further, 58.16% (139 of 239) of the differential metabolites content significantly reduced in sulfur-fumigated TR samples. Besides, 20 kinds of non-sulfur marker metabolites were tested to evaluate the quality of TR samples before and after sulfur fumigation, predominantly including phenolic acids, amino acids, lipids and nucleotides. Taking TR as an example, this work provides a comprehensive practical protocol for the quality supervision of sulfur-fumigation herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lu-Qi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, China
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Hou YN, Wang YR, Zheng CH, Feng K. Biotransformation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran by Ganoderma sessile and toxicological assessment of both compounds. AMB Express 2020; 10:88. [PMID: 32394214 PMCID: PMC7214591 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotransformation has the advantages of low cost and environmental protection and is a preferred method for production of compounds. At present, most 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran (DHMF) is synthesized by chemical methods. In this study, 12.008 μg/mL DHMF was produced from 9.045 μg/mL 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) with a yield of 1.33 g/g using the crude enzymes from fungus Ganoderma sessile. To elucidate the toxic potential for both compounds, cytotoxicity tests and acute toxicity were evaluated respectively. 5-HMF induced weak cytotoxicity in HCT-8, A549 and SGC-7901 cells and DHMF exerted no cytotoxicity on HCT-8 while induced inhibition proliferation of A549 and SGC-7901 cells. The acute toxicity study showed no mortality happened in any group even at the single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. These results suggest it is feasible to convert 5-HMF to DHMF via crude enzymes from fungus G. sessile under mild condition, and that DHMF displays a potential effect of antitumor in vitro with little acute toxicity.
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LIU ZH, WANG YQ, MEI XD, WANG F, YANG XZ, LI XD, JIANG F, ZHANG JY. Comprehensive analysis of the chemical constituents in sulfur-fumigated Lonicerae Japonicae Flos using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:148-160. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Xiao N, Qu J, He S, Huang P, Qiao Y, Li G, Pan T, Sui H, Zhang L. Exploring the Therapeutic Composition and Mechanism of Jiang-Suan-Chu-Bi Recipe on Gouty Arthritis Using an Integrated Approach Based on Chemical Profile, Network Pharmacology and Experimental Support Using Molecular Cell Biology. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1626. [PMID: 32082152 PMCID: PMC7005212 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gouty arthritis is a common metabolic disease caused by long-term purine metabolic disorder and elevated serum uric acid. Jiang-Suan-Chu-Bi recipe (JSCBR), a traditional Chinese herbal formula prescribed according to utilization frequency and cluster analysis, has been clinically validated remedy for gouty arthritis. However, its therapeutic composition and mechanism remains unclear. Methods In the present study, a simple, rapid, and sensitive ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS)-based chemical profiling was firstly established for comprehensively identifying the major constituents in JSCBR. A phytochemistry-based network pharmacology analysis was further performed to explore the potential therapeutic targets and pathways involved in JSCBR bioactivity. Finally, THP-1 cell model was used to verify the prediction results of network pharmacology by western blot analysis. Results A total of 139 compounds containing phenolic acids, flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins, alkaloids, amino acids, fatty acids, anthraquinones, terpenes, coumarins, and other miscellaneous compounds were identified, respectively. 175 disease genes, 51 potential target nodes, 80 compounds, and 11 related pathways based on network pharmacology analysis were achieved. Among these pathways and genes, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway may play an important role in the curative effect of JSCBR on gouty arthritis by regulation of NRLP3/ASC/CASP1/IL1B. The results of cellular and molecular experiments showed that JSCBR can effectively reduce the protein expression of ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and NRLP3 in monosodium urate-induced THP-1 cells, which indicated that JSCBR mediated inflammation in gouty arthritis by inhibiting the activation of NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion Thus, the integrated approaches adopted in the present study could contribute to simplifying the complex system and providing directions for further research of JSCBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiao
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shiyong He
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanling Qiao
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guangxing Li
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Taowen Pan
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hua Sui
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Gao S, Liu J, Wang M, Liu Y, Meng X, Zhang T, Qi Y, Zhang B, Liu H, Sun X, Xiao P. Exploring on the bioactive markers of Codonopsis Radix by correlation analysis between chemical constituents and pharmacological effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:31-41. [PMID: 30776470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Codonopsis Radix is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, and has the effect of strengthening spleen and tonifying lung, nourishing blood and engendering liquid. In addition, it is also used as important food materials. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to explain the underlying correlations between chemical constituents and pharmacological effects and explore the bioactive markers of Codonopsis Radix. MATERIALS AND METHODS Codonopsis Radix samples from Min county, Gansu province processed with different methods were taken as the materials, UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis was conducted to identify the compounds and establish UPLC fingerprint. Meanwhile, hematopoietic and immunologic functions of Codonopsis Radix were investigated to obtain relevant pharmacological index. Then, the correlation analysis between chemical constituents in UPLC fingerprints and pharmacological effects was carried out. The plant name was confirmed to the database "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org). RESULTS According to the results of canonical correlation analysis, tryptophan, syringin, tangshenoside I, codonopyrrolidium A, lobetyolin and two unknown compounds might be the potential bioactive markers related to the hematopoietic and immunologic functions of Codonopsis Radix, which could be recommended as the index compounds. CONCLUSION This study illustrated the underlying correlations between chemical constituents and pharmacological effects, explored the pharmacological material basis, and could lay a foundation for the improvement of quality standard of Codonopsis Radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiman Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiushi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunbao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaodong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bengang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haitao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Yuan M, Yan Z, Liu Y, Chen D, Yang Z, He L, Zhang Z. Chemical profiles, antioxidant activity and acute toxicity of raw and sulfur-fumigated Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 234:76-84. [PMID: 30699362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma (SGR), known as Tu-fu-ling in the China, Japan and Korea, is an herb that has been used for clearing damp and detoxification in traditional Chinese medicine for many years. The post-harvest drying of SGR has traditionally been done by the sun, but sometimes sulfur fumigation is used instead due to its low cost and high efficiency. Recent reports show that sulfur fumigation can change the chemical constitution of herbal medicines and decrease their biology activity. AIM OF THE STUDY This study will investigate the changes to the chemical constitution, acute toxicity and antioxidant potential of SGR that occur after sulfur fumigation. To date, no studies have investigated these aspects simultaneously. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ultra-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint method was developed for analysing changes to SGR's chemical constitution caused by sulfur fumigation. The chromatography conditions were as follows: all samples were analysed on a Waters Acquity UHPLC HT3 C18 column; the linear gradient elution was conducted with a mobile phase prepared from acetonitrile and water. All calibration curves showed good linear regression (R > 0.9991) within the tested range. The method was validated for precision, accuracy, limit of detection and quantification. Total flavonoids of the raw and sulfur-fumigated samples were also determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were evaluated using both DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The acute toxicities of the raw and sulfur-fumigated samples were investigated. RESULTS The results demonstrate that the amounts of astilbin, neoastilbin, neoisoastilbin, isoastilbin, resveratrol and total flavonoids were lower in sulfur-fumigated samples than in raw samples. The antioxidant activity of the sulfur-fumigated samples was also significantly lower. Therefore, sulfur fumigation may cause chemical transformation, alter the chemical constitution, and decrease the bioactivity of SGR. Orally-administered doses did not cause mortality or changes in the general behaviour of tested mice. The LD50 was > 5000 mg/kg DW. However, the high-dose S-SGR mice had significant liver damage and high levels of plasma biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, DBIL, TBIL). CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggest that sulfur fumigation can decrease antioxidant activity in vitro; and that orally-administrated S-SGR is unsafe at doses > 3000 mg/kg dried materia medica. Therefore, sulfur-fumigation processing should be forbidden for SGR until its efficacy and safety has been demonstrated. An alternative method of sulfur fumigation for the post-harvest processing of SGR should also be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhua Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhigang Yan
- National Engineering Institute for the Research and Development of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dingqiao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lili He
- National Engineering Institute for the Research and Development of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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Chemical Profiling of Lobelia chinensis with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (HPLC/Q-TOF MS) Reveals Absence of Lobeline in the Herb. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123258. [PMID: 30544710 PMCID: PMC6321420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lobelia chinensis is a kind of herbal medicine widely distributed and used in Asia. The chemical components of this herb, however, have not been well studied until now. Lobeline, as an essential and famous bioactive compound in Lobelia genus, has been assumed to be present in L. chinensis. In order to ascertain its presence and, more importantly, proper use of this herb, chemical profiling this herb with highly sensitive and high-resolution analytical mass spectrometry was applied. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/Q-TOF MS) method was employed to systematically profile the chemical constituents of L. chinensis for the first time. Comparative chemical profiling study of L. chinensis and Lobelia inflata was also conducted to provide evidence whether lobeline is present or not. Piperidine alkaloids except for lobeline, alkaloid-lignan hybrids, flavonoids, polyacetylenes, nonanedioic acid, and some new phytochemicals were successfully identified in L. chinensis simultaneously. Comparing to the chemical profiles of L. inflata, lobeline was found to be absent in L. chinensis. All of the secondary metabolites in L. chinensis were determined with the HPLC/Q-TOF MS method. The absence of lobeline in L. chinensis was confirmed after this extensive study.
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Major chemical constituents and antioxidant activities of different extracts from the peduncles of Hovenia acerba Lindl. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1497059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Metabolomics data fusion between near infrared spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry: A synergetic approach to boost performance or induce confusion. Talanta 2018; 189:641-648. [PMID: 30086971 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In general, data fusion can improve the classification performance of the model, but little attention is paid to the influence of the data fusion on the spatial distribution of the modeling samples. In this paper, the effect of data fusion on sample spatial distribution was studied through integrating NIR data and UHPLC-HRMS data for sulfur-fumigated Chinese herb medicine. Twelve samples collected from four different geographical origins were sulfur fumigated in the lab, and then metabolomics analysis was conducted using NIR and UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. First of all, the discriminating power of each technique was respectively examined based on PCA analysis. Secondly, combining NIR and UHPLC-HRMS data sets together with or without variable selection was parallelly compared. The results demonstrated that the discriminable ability was remarkably improved after data fusion, indicating data fusion could visualize variable selection and enhance group separation. Samples in the margin between two classes of samples may increase the experience error but has positive effect on the separation direction. Besides, an interesting feature extraction could obtain better discriminable effect than common data fusion. This study firstly provided a new path to employ a comprehensive analytical approach for discriminating SF Chinese herb medicines to simultaneously benefit from the advantages of several technologies.
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Gao SM, Liu JS, Wang M, Cao TT, Qi YD, Zhang BG, Sun XB, Liu HT, Xiao PG. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Codonopsis: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 219:50-70. [PMID: 29501674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Species of the genus Codonopsis are perennial herbs mainly distributed throughout East, Southeast and Central Asia. As recorded, they have been used as traditional Chinese medicines since the Qing Dynasty, where they were claimed for strengthening the spleen and tonifying the lung, as well as nourishing blood and engendering liquid. Some species are also used as food materials in southern China and Southeast Asia, such as tea, wine, soup, plaster, and porridge. AIM OF THE REVIEW The review aims to assess the ethnopharmacological uses, explicit the material basis and pharmacological action, promote the safety of medical use, and suggest the future research potentials of Codonopsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on the studies of Codonopsis was collected from scientific journals, books, and reports via library and electronic data search (PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Google Scholar, Springer, Science Direct, Wiley, Researchgate, ACS, EMBASE, Web of Science and CNKI). Meanwhile, it was also obtained from published works of material medica, folk records, ethnopharmacological literatures, Ph.D. and Masters Dissertation. Plant taxonomy was confirmed to the database "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org). RESULTS Codonopsis has been used for medicinal purposes all around the world. Some species are also used as food materials in southern China and Southeast Asia. The chemical constituents of Codonopsis mainly are polyacetylenes, polyenes, flavonoids, lignans, alkaloids, coumarins, terpenoids, steroids, organic acids, saccharides, and so on. Extract of Codonopsis exhibit extensive pharmacological activities, including immune function regulation, hematopoiesis improvement, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, gastrointestinal function regulation, endocrine function regulation, cytotoxic and antibacterial effects, anti-aging and anti-oxidation, etc. Almost no obvious toxicity or side effect are observed and recorded for Codonopsis. CONCLUSIONS The traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Codonopsis are reviewed in this paper. Species of the genus have long been used as traditional medicines and food materials, they are reported with a large number of chemical constituents with different structures, extensive pharmacological activities in immune system, blood system, digestive system, etc. and almost no toxicity. More profound studies on less popular species, pharmacodynamic material basis and pharmacological mechanism, and quality assurance are suggested to be carried out to fulfil the research on the long-term clinical use and new drug research of Codonopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Man Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiu-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yao-Dong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ben-Gang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiao-Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hai-Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Pei-Gen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhang Q, Huo M, Zhang Y, Qiao Y, Gao X. A strategy to improve the identification reliability of the chemical constituents by high-resolution mass spectrometry-based isomer structure prediction combined with a quantitative structure retention relationship analysis: Phthalide compounds in Chuanxiong as a test case. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1552:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Extrinsic harmful residues in Chinese herbal medicines: types, detection, and safety evaluation. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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42
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He L, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Chen D, Yuan M, Dong G, Luo P, Yan Z. Rapid discrimination of raw and sulfur-fumigated Smilax glabra based on chemical profiles by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. Food Res Int 2018; 108:226-236. [PMID: 29735052 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Smilax glabra (SG) is commonly used as a traditional edible herb in eastern Asia. Recently, sulfur-fumigation has been frequently used in order to obtain better color and a longer storage lifetime. However, the chemical alterations caused by this process remain unknown. The aim of this research was to explore potential chemical differences between non-fumigated and sulfur-fumigated SG samples. A novel approach was developed by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) with principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial squared discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Fifty-eight compounds were unambiguously characterized or tentatively identified in the chemical profiles for the first time. Six newly generated sulfur-containing compounds, namely glucosyringic acid sulfate, 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid sulfite, 3-O-caffeoylshikimic acid sulfite, 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid sulfate, 3-O-caffeoylshikimic acid sulfate and astilbin sulfate, were screened out to be the most characteristic markers for distinguishing non-fumigated and sulfur-fumigated SG. This newly proposed approach can not only be applied for exploring chemical markers but can also be used to investigate the chemical transformation mechanism associated with sulfur for other edible herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili He
- National Engineering Institute for the Research and Development of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dingqiao Chen
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Muhua Yuan
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gengting Dong
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Zhigang Yan
- National Engineering Institute for the Research and Development of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.
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43
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Wu CY, Kong M, Zhang W, Long F, Zhou J, Zhou SS, Xu JD, Xu J, Li SL. Impact of sulphur fumigation on the chemistry of ginger. Food Chem 2018; 239:953-963. [PMID: 28873658 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiberis Rhizoma), a commonly-consumed food supplement, is often sulphur-fumigated during post-harvest handling, but it remains unknown if sulphur fumigation induces chemical transformations in ginger. In this study, the effects of sulphur fumigation on ginger chemicals were investigated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)-based metabolomics. The results showed that sulphur fumigation significantly altered the holistic chemical profile of ginger by triggering chemical transformations of certain original components. 6-Gingesulphonic acid, previously reported as a naturally-occurring component in ginger, was revealed to be a sulphur fumigation-induced artificial derivative, which was deduced to be generated by electrophilic addition of 6-shogaol to sulphurous acid. Using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS extracting ion analysis with 6-gingesulphonic acid as a characteristic chemical marker, all the commercial ginger samples inspected were determined to be sulphur-fumigated. The research outcomes provide a chemical basis for further comprehensive safety and efficacy evaluations of sulphur-fumigated ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China.
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44
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Kang C, Zhao D, Kang L, Wang S, Lv C, Zhou L, Jiang JY, Yang W, Li J, Huang LQ, Guo L. Elucidation of Characteristic Sulfur-Fumigated Markers and Chemical Transformation Mechanism for Quality Control of Achyranthes bidentate Blume Using Metabolome and Sulfur Dioxide Residue Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:790. [PMID: 29946331 PMCID: PMC6007317 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Achyranthes bidentata Blume (AB) is a health food and a sulfur-free herbal medicine that is one of the most heavily sulfur-fumigated herbs in the marketplace. In this work, a comprehensive approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight-MS (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and multivariate statistical analysis was developed to identify characteristic sulfur-fumigation markers, elucidate chemical transformation mechanisms and characterize the degree of sulfur-fumigation of AB. Non-fumigated and sulfur-fumigated AB samples were compared by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis. Three triterpene saponins (Betavulgarosides II-IV) and two amides (Feruloyl-4-O-methyldopamine and Moupinamide) were identified as characteristic markers, which were positively correlated with two active AB components, namely oleanic acid and ferulic acid, respectively. Moreover, the extent of the sulfur-fumigation under different weight ratios of sulfur to herbal materials (1:20, 1:40, and 1:80) was analyzed based on chemical transformations and sulfur dioxide residues. Further verification showed that the ratio of 1:40 within 1 h was reasonable and efficient for herb quality preservation and assurance. This study provides a reliable sulfur-fumigation protocol for the quality control of AB and other herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhi Kang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Liping Kang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaogeng Lv
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yi Jiang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanzhen Yang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lu-Qi Huang, Lanping Guo,
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lu-Qi Huang, Lanping Guo,
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45
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Xia Y, Liu F, Feng F, Liu W. Characterization, quantitation and similarity evaluation of Codonopsis lanceolata from different regions in China by HPLC-Q-TQF-MS and chemometrics. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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46
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Novelty application of multi-omics correlation in the discrimination of sulfur-fumigation and non-sulfur-fumigation Ophiopogonis Radix. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9971. [PMID: 28855686 PMCID: PMC5577285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive approach to differentiate sulfur-fumigated (SF) Ophiopogonis Radix based on Multi-Omics Correlation Analysis (MOCA) strategy was first established. It was characterized by multiple data-acquisition methods (NIR, HPLC, and UHPLC-HRMS) based metabonomics and multivariate statistical analysis methods. As a result, SF and non-sulfur fumigated (NSF) Ophiopogonis Radix samples were efficaciously discriminated. Moreover, based on the acquired HRMS data, 38 sulfur-containing discriminatory markers were eventually characterized, whose NIR absorption could be in close correlation with the discriminatory NIR wavebands (5000–5200 cm−1) screened by NIR metabonomics coupled with SiPLS and 2D-COS methods. This results were also validated from multiple perspectives, including metabonomics analysis based on the discriminatory markers and the simulation of SF ophiopogonin D and Ophiopogonis Radix sample. In conclusion, our results first revealed the intrinsic mechanism of discriminatory NIR wavebands by means of UHPLC-HRMS analysis. Meanwhile, the established MOCA strategy also provided a promising NIR based differential method for SF Ophiopogonis Radix, which could be exemplary for future researches on rapid discrimination of other SF Chinese herbal medicines.
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47
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Sun X, Cui XB, Wen HM, Shan CX, Wang XZ, Kang A, Chai C, Li W. Influence of sulfur fumigation on the chemical profiles of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. evaluated by UFLC–QTOF–MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 141:19-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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48
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Peng H, Li W, Li H, Deng Z, Zhang B. Extractable and non-extractable bound phenolic compositions and their antioxidant properties in seed coat and cotyledon of black soybean (Glycinemax (L.) merr). J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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49
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Li XY, Long F, Xu JD, Shen H, Kong M, Zhu H, Zhang YQ, Li SL. Paeonifiorin sulfonate as a characteristic marker for specifically inspecting Chinese patent medicine Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan contained sulfur-fumigated Moutan Cortex. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 138:283-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Zhang Q, Wang M, Wang Q, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Yu H, Liu Y, Fu S, Lu Z, Huang Z, Xie Z, Gao X, Qiao Y. Characterization of the potential new phthalides in Ligusticum chuanxiong
Hort. using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2123-2130. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Meiling Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Huizhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Honghong Yu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Yuehong Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Shuang Fu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Zhiwei Lu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Zhenghai Huang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Ziye Xie
- School of Chinese Pharmacy; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
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