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Matsuura K, Hashioka S, Takata K. Sorting differentiated mammalian cells using deterministic lateral displacement microfluidic devices. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:1801-1807. [PMID: 39060754 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Separation of differentiated and undifferentiated cells without labeling is required for cell analyses and clinical application of cultured differentiated cells in vitro. To proceed with the passive separation of differentiated cells inside a clean bench, we developed a system of deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) microfluidic devices and applied this system to sort differentiated cells in vitro. The fluid flow is driven by compressed air to the buffer. Priming and sorting can be completed by air pressure control. We use this system to separate C2C12 mononuclear myocytes from multinuclear myotubes. Additionally, using a DLD microfluidic channel of Dc = 20 μm, multinuclear myotubes can be effectively sorted as larger particles. We prepared differentiated adipocytes from mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells and sorted those containing lipid droplets. The diameters of these sorted adipocytes considered larger particles, exceeded 20 μm, similar to the Dc of the DLD microfluidic channel. Differentiated cell sorting by cell size will contribute to single-cell analyses and in vitro tissue model preparation for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Matsuura
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Shingi Hashioka
- Medical & Life Science Studio, R&D Center, Zeon Corporation, Toyama, Japan
| | - Koji Takata
- Life Materials Development Section, Human Life Technology Research Institute, Toyama Industrial Technology Research and Development Center, Toyama, Japan
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Martínez P, Silva M, Abarzúa S, Tevy MF, Jaimovich E, Constantine-Paton M, Bustos FJ, van Zundert B. Skeletal myotubes expressing ALS mutant SOD1 induce pathogenic changes, impair mitochondrial axonal transport, and trigger motoneuron death. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595817. [PMID: 38826246 PMCID: PMC11142234 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motoneurons (MNs), and despite progress, there is no effective treatment. A large body of evidence shows that astrocytes expressing ALS-linked mutant proteins cause non-cell autonomous toxicity of MNs. Although MNs innervate muscle fibers and ALS is characterized by the early disruption of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and axon degeneration, there are controversies about whether muscle contributes to non-cell-autonomous toxicity to MNs. In this study, we generated primary skeletal myotubes from myoblasts derived from ALS mice expressing human mutant SOD1 G93A (termed hereafter mutSOD1). Characterization revealed that mutSOD1 skeletal myotubes display intrinsic phenotypic and functional differences compared to control myotubes generated from non-transgenic (NTg) littermates. Next, we analyzed whether ALS myotubes exert non-cell-autonomous toxicity to MNs. We report that conditioned media from mutSOD1 myotubes (mutSOD1-MCM), but not from control myotubes (NTg-MCM), induced robust death of primary MNs in mixed spinal cord cultures and compartmentalized microfluidic chambers. Our study further revealed that applying mutSOD1-MCM to the MN axonal side in microfluidic devices rapidly reduces mitochondrial axonal transport while increasing Ca2+ transients and reactive oxygen species (i.e., H 2 O 2 ). These results indicate that soluble factor(s) released by mutSOD1 myotubes cause MN axonopathy that leads to lethal pathogenic changes.
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Dreher SI, Grubba P, von Toerne C, Moruzzi A, Maurer J, Goj T, Birkenfeld AL, Peter A, Loskill P, Hauck SM, Weigert C. IGF1 promotes human myotube differentiation toward a mature metabolic and contractile phenotype. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1462-C1481. [PMID: 38690930 PMCID: PMC11371365 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00654.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mediates the beneficial effects of exercise, thereby improving insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk for type 2 diabetes. Current human skeletal muscle models in vitro are incapable of fully recapitulating its physiological functions especially muscle contractility. By supplementation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a growth factor secreted by myofibers in vivo, we aimed to overcome these limitations. We monitored the differentiation process starting from primary human CD56-positive myoblasts in the presence/absence of IGF1 in serum-free medium in daily collected samples for 10 days. IGF1-supported differentiation formed thicker multinucleated myotubes showing physiological contraction upon electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) following day 6. Myotubes without IGF1 were almost incapable of contraction. IGF1 treatment shifted the proteome toward skeletal muscle-specific proteins that contribute to myofibril and sarcomere assembly, striated muscle contraction, and ATP production. Elevated PPARGC1A, MYH7, and reduced MYH1/2 suggest a more oxidative phenotype further demonstrated by higher abundance of proteins of the respiratory chain and elevated mitochondrial respiration. IGF1-treatment also upregulated glucose transporter (GLUT)4 and increased insulin-dependent glucose uptake compared with myotubes differentiated without IGF1. To conclude, addition of IGF1 to serum-free medium significantly improves the differentiation of human myotubes that showed enhanced myofibril formation, response to electrical pulse stimulation, oxidative respiratory capacity, and glucose metabolism overcoming limitations of previous standards. This novel protocol enables investigation of muscular exercise on a molecular level.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Human skeletal muscle models are highly valuable to study how exercise prevents type 2 diabetes without invasive biopsies. Current models did not fully recapitulate the function of skeletal muscle especially during exercise. By supplementing insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), the authors developed a functional human skeletal muscle model characterized by inducible contractility and increased oxidative and insulin-sensitive metabolism. The novel protocol overcomes the limitations of previous standards and enables investigation of exercise on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon I Dreher
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Grubba
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Moruzzi
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Maurer
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Goj
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Takahashi H, Ishiyama K, Takeda N, Shimizu T. Nutrient Rescue of Early Maturing and Deteriorating Satellite Cell-Derived Engineered Muscle Tissue. Tissue Eng Part A 2023; 29:633-644. [PMID: 37694582 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered human muscle tissue is a promising tool for tissue models to better understand muscle physiology and diseases, since they can replicate many biomimetic structures and functions of skeletal muscle in vitro. We have developed a method to produce contractile muscle sheet tissues from human myoblasts, based on our cell sheet fabrication technique. This study reports that our tissue engineering technique allowed us to discover unique characteristics of human muscle satellite cells as a cell source for our muscle sheet tissue. The tissues engineered from satellite cells functionally matured within several days, which is earlier than those created from myoblasts. On the other hand, satellite cell-derived muscle sheet tissues were unable to maintain the contractile ability, whereas the myoblast-derived tissues showed muscle contractions for several weeks. The sarcomere structures and membrane-like structures of laminin and dystrophin were lost along with early functional deterioration. Based on a hypothesis that an insufficiency of nutrients caused a shortened lifetime, we supplemented the culture medium for the satellite cell-derived muscle sheet tissues with 10% serum, although a lower serum medium is commonly used to produce muscle tissues. Further combined with the transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) receptor inhibitor, SB431542, the contractile ability of the muscle tissues was increased remarkably and the tissue microstructures were maintained for a longer term, while retaining the early functionalization and the enriched culture conditions prevented early deterioration. These results strengthened our understanding of the biology of myoblasts and satellite cells in muscle tissue formation and provided new insights into the applications of muscle tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Takahashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaho Ishiyama
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Takeda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
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Sibgatullina G, Al Ebrahim R, Gilizhdinova K, Tokmakova A, Malomouzh A. Differentiation of Myoblasts in Culture: Focus on Serum and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid. Cells Tissues Organs 2023; 213:203-212. [PMID: 36871556 DOI: 10.1159/000529839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many facts about the possible role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the development and differentiation of cells not only in nervous but also in muscle tissue. In the present study, a primary culture of rat skeletal muscle myocytes was used to evaluate the correlation between the content of GABA in the cytoplasm and the processes of myocyte division and their fusion into myotubes. The effect of exogenous GABA on the processes of culture development was also estimated. Since the classical protocol for working with myocyte cultures involves the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) to stimulate cell division (growth medium) and horse serum (HS) to activate the differentiation process (differentiation medium), the studies were carried out both in the medium with FBS and with HS. It was found that cells grown in medium supplemented with FBS contain more GABA compared to cultures growing in medium supplemented with HS. Addition of exogeneous GABA leads to a decrease in the number of myotubes formed in both media, while the addition of an amino acid to the medium supplemented with HS had a more pronounced inhibitory effect. Thus, we have obtained data indicating that GABA is able to participate in the early stages of skeletal muscle myogenesis by modulating the fusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzel Sibgatullina
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Rahaf Al Ebrahim
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Karina Gilizhdinova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Tokmakova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Artem Malomouzh
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russian Federation
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Takahashi H, Wakayama H, Nagase K, Shimizu T. Engineered Human Muscle Tissue from Multilayered Aligned Myofiber Sheets for Studies of Muscle Physiology and Predicting Drug Response. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2200849. [PMID: 36562139 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In preclinical drug testing, human muscle tissue models are critical to understanding the complex physiology, including drug effects in the human body. This study reports that a multilayering approach to cell sheet-based engineering produces an engineered human muscle tissue with sufficient contractile force suitable for measurement. A thermoresponsive micropatterned substrate regulates the biomimetic alignment of myofiber structures enabling the harvest of the aligned myofibers as a single cell sheet. The functional muscle tissue is produced by layering multiple myofiber sheets on a fibrin-based gel. This gel environment promotes myofiber maturation, provides the tissue an elastic platform for contraction, and allows the attachment of a measurement device. Since this multilayering approach is effective in enhancing the contractile ability of the muscle tissue, this muscle tissue generates a significantly high contractile force that can be measured quantitatively. The multilayered muscle tissue shows unidirectional contraction from electrical and chemical stimulation. In addition, their physiological responses to representative drugs can be determined quantitatively in real time by changes in contractile force and fatigue resistance. These physiological properties indicate that the engineered muscle tissue can become a promising tissue model for preclinical in vitro studies in muscle physiology and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Takahashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Haruno Wakayama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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Turner MC, Brett R, Saini A, Stewart CE, Renshaw D. Serum concentration impacts myosin heavy chain expression but not cellular respiration in human LHCN-M2 myoblasts undergoing differentiation. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:169-176. [PMID: 36621799 PMCID: PMC10103887 DOI: 10.1113/ep090564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does the concentration of human serum affect skeletal muscle differentiation and cellular respiration of LHCN-M2 myoblasts? What is the main finding and its importance? The concentration of serum used to differentiate LHCN-M2 skeletal muscle cells impacts the coverage of myosin heavy chain, a marker of terminally differentiated myotubes. Normalisation of mitochondrial function data to total protein negates the differences observed in absolute values, which differ as a result of increased protein content when differentiation occurs with increasing concentration of serum. ABSTRACT The human LHCN-M2 myoblast cell line has the potential to be used to investigate skeletal muscle development and metabolism. Experiments were performed to determine how different concentrations of human serum affect myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial function of LHCN-M2 cells. LHCN-M2 myoblasts were differentiated in serum-free medium, 0.5% or 2% human serum for 5 and 10 days. Myotube formation was assessed by immunofluorescence staining of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and molecularly by mRNA expression of Myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1) and Myoregulatory factor 5 (MYF5). Following differentiation, mitochondrial function was assessed to establish the impact of serum concentration on mitochondrial function. Time in differentiation increased mRNA expression of MYOD1 (day 5, 6.58 ± 1.33-fold; and day 10, 4.28 ± 1.71-fold) (P = 0.012), while suppressing the expression of MYF5 (day 5, 0.21 ± 0.11-fold; and day 10, 0.06 ± 0.03-fold) (P = 0.001), regardless of the serum concentration. Higher serum concentrations increased MHC area (serum free, 11.92 ± 0.85%; 0.5%, 23.10 ± 5.82%; 2%, 43.94 ± 8.92%) (P = 0.001). Absolute basal respiration approached significance (P = 0.06) with significant differences in baseline oxygen consumption rate (P = 0.025) and proton leak (P = 0.006) when differentiated in 2% human serum, but these were not different between conditions when normalised to total protein. Our findings show that increasing concentrations of serum of LHCN-M2 skeletal muscle cells into multinucleated myotubes, but this does not affect relative mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Turner
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesInstitute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Ryan Brett
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesInstitute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Amarjit Saini
- Division of Clinical PhysiologyDepartment of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska, InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital HuddingeStockholmSweden
| | - Claire E. Stewart
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise ScienceLife Sciences BuildingLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesInstitute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
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Myocyte Culture with Decellularized Skeletal Muscle Sheet with Observable Interaction with the Extracellular Matrix. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070309. [PMID: 35877360 PMCID: PMC9311603 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscles, muscle fibers are highly organized and bundled within the basement membrane. Several microfabricated substrate models have failed to mimic the macrostructure of native muscle, including various extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Therefore, we developed and evaluated a system using decellularized muscle tissue and mouse myoblasts C2C12 to analyze the interaction between native ECM and myocytes. Chicken skeletal muscle was sliced into sheets and decellularized to prepare decellularized skeletal muscle sheets (DSMS). C2C12 was then seeded and differentiated on DSMS. Immunostaining for ECM molecules was performed to examine the relationship between myoblast adhesion status, myotube orientation, and collagen IV orientation. Myotube survival in long-term culture was confirmed by calcein staining. C2C12 myoblasts adhered to scaffolds in DSMS and developed adhesion plaques and filopodia. Furthermore, C2C12 myotubes showed orientation along the ECM orientation within DSMS. Compared to plastic dishes, detachment was less likely to occur on DSMS, and long-term incubation was possible. This culture technique reproduces a cell culture environment reflecting the properties of living skeletal muscle, thereby allowing studies on the interaction between the ECM and myocytes.
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Giza S, Mojica‐Santiago JA, Parafati M, Malany LK, Platt D, Schmidt CE, Coen PM, Malany S. Microphysiological system for studying contractile differences in young, active, and old, sedentary adult derived skeletal muscle cells. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13650. [PMID: 35653714 PMCID: PMC9282836 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS), also referred to as tissue chips, incorporating 3D skeletal myobundles are a novel approach for physiological and pharmacological studies to uncover new medical treatments for sarcopenia. We characterize a MPS in which engineered skeletal muscle myobundles derived from donor-specific satellite cells that model aged phenotypes are encapsulated in a perfused tissue chip platform containing platinum electrodes. Our myobundles were derived from CD56+ myogenic cells obtained via percutaneous biopsy of the vastus lateralis from adults phenotyped by age and physical activity. Following 17 days differentiation including 5 days of a 3 V, 2 Hz electrical stimulation regime, the myobundles exhibited fused myotube alignment and upregulation of myogenic, myofiber assembly, signaling and contractile genes as demonstrated by gene array profiling and localization of key components of the sarcomere. Our results demonstrate that myobundles derived from the young, active (YA) group showed high intensity immunofluorescent staining of α-actinin proteins and responded to electrical stimuli with a ~1 μm displacement magnitude compared with non-stimulated myobundles. Myobundles derived from older sedentary group (OS) did not display a synchronous contraction response. Hypertrophic potential is increased in YA-derived myobundles in response to stimulation as shown by upregulation of insulin growth factor (IGF-1), α-actinin (ACTN3, ACTA1) and fast twitch troponin protein (TNNI2) compared with OS-derived myobundles. Our MPS mimics disease states of muscle decline and thus provides an aged system and experimental platform to investigate electrical stimulation mimicking exercise regimes and may be adapted to long duration studies of compound efficacy and toxicity for therapeutic evaluation against sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Giza
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of PharmacyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Jorge A. Mojica‐Santiago
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of EngineeringUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Maddalena Parafati
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of PharmacyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Don Platt
- Micro Aerospace SolutionsMelbourneFloridaUSA
| | - Christine E. Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of EngineeringUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research InstituteAdventHealthOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Siobhan Malany
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of PharmacyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Bauer US, Fiskum V, Nair RR, van de Wijdeven R, Kentros C, Sandvig I, Sandvig A. Validation of Functional Connectivity of Engineered Neuromuscular Junction With Recombinant Monosynaptic Pseudotyped ΔG-Rabies Virus Tracing. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:855071. [PMID: 35669734 PMCID: PMC9163662 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.855071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current preclinical models of neurodegenerative disease, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), can significantly benefit from in vitro neuroengineering approaches that enable the selective study and manipulation of neurons, networks, and functional units of interest. Custom-designed compartmentalized microfluidic culture systems enable the co-culture of different relevant cell types in interconnected but fluidically isolated microenvironments. Such systems can thus be applied for ALS disease modeling, as they enable the recapitulation and study of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) through co-culturing of motor neurons and muscle cells in separate, but interconnected compartments. These in vitro systems are particularly relevant for investigations of mechanistic aspects of the ALS pathological cascade in engineered NMJ, as progressive loss of NMJ functionality may constitute one of the hallmarks of disease related pathology at early onset, in line with the dying back hypothesis. In such models, ability to test whether motor neuron degeneration in ALS starts at the nerve terminal or at the NMJ and retrogradely progresses to the motor neuron cell body largely relies on robust methods for verification of engineered NMJ functionality. In this study, we demonstrate the functionality of engineered NMJs within a microfluidic chip with a differentially perturbable microenvironment using a designer pseudotyped ΔG-rabies virus for retrograde monosynaptic tracing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Stefan Bauer
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vegard Fiskum
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rajeevkumar Raveendran Nair
- Centre for Neural Computation, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rosanne van de Wijdeven
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Clifford Kentros
- Centre for Neural Computation, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Ioanna Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Axel Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Axel Sandvig,
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Minai L, Yelin D. Plasmonic fusion between fibroblasts and skeletal muscle cells for skeletal muscle regeneration. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:608-619. [PMID: 35284171 PMCID: PMC8884231 DOI: 10.1364/boe.445290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Normal regeneration of skeletal muscle takes place by the differentiation of muscle-specific stem cells into myoblasts that fuse with existing myofibers for muscle repair. This natural repair mechanism could be ineffective in some cases, for example in patients with genetic muscular dystrophies or massive musculoskeletal injuries that lead to volumetric muscle loss. In this study we utilize the effect of plasmonic cell fusion, i.e. the fusion between cells conjugated by gold nanospheres and irradiated by resonant femtosecond laser pulses, for generating human heterokaryon cells of myoblastic and fibroblastic origin, which further develop into viable striated myotubes. The heterokaryon cells were found to express the myogenic transcription factors MyoD and Myogenin, as well as the Desmin protein that is essential in the formation of sarcomeres, and could be utilized in various therapeutic approaches that involve transplantation of cells or engineered tissue into the damaged muscle.
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Messmer T, Klevernic I, Furquim C, Ovchinnikova E, Dogan A, Cruz H, Post MJ, Flack JE. A serum-free media formulation for cultured meat production supports bovine satellite cell differentiation in the absence of serum starvation. NATURE FOOD 2022; 3:74-85. [PMID: 37118488 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cultured meat production requires the robust differentiation of satellite cells into mature muscle fibres without the use of animal-derived components. Current protocols induce myogenic differentiation in vitro through serum starvation, that is, an abrupt reduction in serum concentration. Here we used RNA sequencing to investigate the transcriptomic remodelling of bovine satellite cells during myogenic differentiation induced by serum starvation. We characterized canonical myogenic gene expression, and identified surface receptors upregulated during the early phase of differentiation, including IGF1R, TFRC and LPAR1. Supplementation of ligands to these receptors enabled the formulation of a chemically defined media that induced differentiation in the absence of serum starvation and/or transgene expression. Serum-free myogenic differentiation was of similar extent to that induced by serum starvation, as evaluated by transcriptome analysis, protein expression and the presence of a functional contractile apparatus. Moreover, the serum-free differentiation media supported the fabrication of three-dimensional bioartificial muscle constructs, demonstrating its suitability for cultured beef production.
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13
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Poelzing S, Weinberg SH, Keener JP. Initiation and entrainment of multicellular automaticity via diffusion limited extracellular domains. Biophys J 2021; 120:5279-5294. [PMID: 34757078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrically excitable cells often spontaneously and synchronously depolarize in vitro and in vivo preparations. It remains unclear how cells entrain and autorhythmically activate above the intrinsic mean activation frequency of isolated cells with or without pacemaking mechanisms. Recent studies suggest that cyclic ion accumulation and depletion in diffusion-limited extracellular volumes modulate electrophysiology by ephaptic mechanisms (nongap junction or synaptic coupling). This report explores how potassium accumulation and depletion in a restricted extracellular domain induces spontaneous action potentials in two different computational models of excitable cells without gap junctional coupling: Hodgkin-Huxley and Luo-Rudy. Importantly, neither model will spontaneously activate on its own without external stimuli. Simulations demonstrate that cells sharing a diffusion-limited extracellular compartment can become autorhythmic and entrained despite intercellular electrical heterogeneity. Autorhythmic frequency is modulated by the cleft volume and potassium fluxes through the cleft. Additionally, inexcitable cells can suppress or induce autorhythmic activity in an excitable cell via a shared cleft. Diffusion-limited shared clefts can also entrain repolarization. Critically, this model predicts a mechanism by which diffusion-limited shared clefts can initiate, entrain, and modulate multicellular automaticity in the absence of gap junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Poelzing
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia.
| | - Seth H Weinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and the Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James P Keener
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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14
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Santoso JW, Li X, Gupta D, Suh GC, Hendricks E, Lin S, Perry S, Ichida JK, Dickman D, McCain ML. Engineering skeletal muscle tissues with advanced maturity improves synapse formation with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:036101. [PMID: 34286174 PMCID: PMC8282350 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop effective cures for neuromuscular diseases, human-relevant in vitro models of neuromuscular tissues are critically needed to probe disease mechanisms on a cellular and molecular level. However, previous attempts to co-culture motor neurons and skeletal muscle have resulted in relatively immature neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). In this study, NMJs formed by human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived motor neurons were improved by optimizing the maturity of the co-cultured muscle tissue. First, muscle tissues engineered from the C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line, cryopreserved primary human myoblasts, and freshly isolated primary chick myoblasts on micromolded gelatin hydrogels were compared. After three weeks, only chick muscle tissues remained stably adhered to hydrogels and exhibited progressive increases in myogenic index and stress generation, approaching values generated by native muscle tissue. After three weeks of co-culture with hiPSC-derived motor neurons, engineered chick muscle tissues formed NMJs with increasing co-localization of pre- and postsynaptic markers as well as increased frequency and magnitude of synaptic activity, surpassing structural and functional maturity of previous in vitro models. Engineered chick muscle tissues also demonstrated increased expression of genes related to sarcomere maturation and innervation over time, revealing new insights into the molecular pathways that likely contribute to enhanced NMJ formation. These approaches for engineering advanced neuromuscular tissues with relatively mature NMJs and interrogating their structure and function have many applications in neuromuscular disease modeling and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W. Santoso
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Xiling Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Arts and Letters, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Divya Gupta
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Gio C. Suh
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Eric Hendricks
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Shaoyu Lin
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Sarah Perry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Arts and Letters, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Justin K. Ichida
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Dion Dickman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Arts and Letters, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Megan L. McCain
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel: +1 2138210791. URL:https://livingsystemsengineering.usc.edu
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15
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Vila OF, Chavez M, Ma SP, Yeager K, Zholudeva LV, Colón-Mercado JM, Qu Y, Nash TR, Lai C, Feliciano CM, Carter M, Kamm RD, Judge LM, Conklin BR, Ward ME, McDevitt TC, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Bioengineered optogenetic model of human neuromuscular junction. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121033. [PMID: 34403849 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Functional human tissues engineered from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold great promise for investigating the progression, mechanisms, and treatment of musculoskeletal diseases in a controlled and systematic manner. For example, bioengineered models of innervated human skeletal muscle could be used to identify novel therapeutic targets and treatments for patients with complex central and peripheral nervous system disorders. There is a need to develop standardized and objective quantitative methods for engineering and using these complex tissues, in order increase their robustness, reproducibility, and predictiveness across users. Here we describe a standardized method for engineering an isogenic, patient specific human neuromuscular junction (NMJ) that allows for automated quantification of NMJ function to diagnose disease using a small sample of blood serum and evaluate new therapeutic modalities. By combining tissue engineering, optogenetics, microfabrication, optoelectronics and video processing, we created a novel platform for the precise investigation of the development and degeneration of human NMJ. We demonstrate the utility of this platform for the detection and diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease that disrupts the NMJ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia F Vila
- Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Miguel Chavez
- Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Stephen P Ma
- Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Keith Yeager
- Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | | | - Yihuai Qu
- Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Trevor R Nash
- Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Carmen Lai
- Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Carissa M Feliciano
- Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, 550 16th St, Floor 5, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Matthew Carter
- Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, 02139, USA
| | - Luke M Judge
- Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, 550 16th St, Floor 5, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Bruce R Conklin
- Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Michael E Ward
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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16
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Dessauge F, Schleder C, Perruchot MH, Rouger K. 3D in vitro models of skeletal muscle: myopshere, myobundle and bioprinted muscle construct. Vet Res 2021; 52:72. [PMID: 34011392 PMCID: PMC8136231 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical two-dimensional (2D) culture models of skeletal muscle-derived cells cannot fully recapitulate the organization and function of living muscle tissues, restricting their usefulness in in-depth physiological studies. The development of functional 3D culture models offers a major opportunity to mimic the living tissues and to model muscle diseases. In this respect, this new type of in vitro model significantly increases our understanding of the involvement of the different cell types present in the formation of skeletal muscle and their interactions, as well as the modalities of response of a pathological muscle to new therapies. This second point could lead to the identification of effective treatments. Here, we report the significant progresses that have been made the last years to engineer muscle tissue-like structures, providing useful tools to investigate the behavior of resident cells. Specifically, we interest in the development of myopshere- and myobundle-based systems as well as the bioprinting constructs. The electrical/mechanical stimulation protocols and the co-culture systems developed to improve tissue maturation process and functionalities are presented. The formation of these biomimetic engineered muscle tissues represents a new platform to study skeletal muscle function and spatial organization in large number of physiological and pathological contexts.
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17
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Saini J, Faroni A, Reid AJ, Mouly V, Butler-Browne G, Lightfoot AP, McPhee JS, Degens H, Al-Shanti N. Cross-talk between motor neurons and myotubes via endogenously secreted neural and muscular growth factors. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14791. [PMID: 33931983 PMCID: PMC8087923 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) research is vital to advance the understanding of neuromuscular patho‐physiology and development of novel therapies for diseases associated with NM dysfunction. In vivo, the micro‐environment surrounding the NMJ has a significant impact on NMJ formation and maintenance via neurotrophic and differentiation factors that are secreted as a result of cross‐talk between muscle fibers and motor neurons. Recently we showed the formation of functional NMJs in vitro in a co‐culture of immortalized human myoblasts and motor neurons from rat‐embryo spinal‐cord explants, using a culture medium free from serum and neurotrophic or growth factors. The aim of this study was to assess how functional NMJs were established in this co‐culture devoid of exogenous neural growth factors. To investigate this, an ELISA‐based microarray was used to compare the composition of soluble endogenously secreted growth factors in this co‐culture with an a‐neural muscle culture. The levels of seven neurotrophic factors brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial‐cell‐line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3), insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3), neurotrophin‐4 (NT‐4), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were higher (p < 0.05) in the supernatant of NMJ culture compared to those in the supernatant of the a‐neural muscle culture. This indicates that the cross‐talk between muscle and motor neurons promotes the secretion of soluble growth factors contributing to the local microenvironment thereby providing a favourable regenerative niche for NMJs formation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasdeep Saini
- Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Alessandro Faroni
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Dept. of Plastic Surgery & Burns, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam J Reid
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Dept. of Plastic Surgery & Burns, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Adam P Lightfoot
- Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie S McPhee
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Hans Degens
- Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Lithuanian Sports University, Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nasser Al-Shanti
- Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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18
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Hofemeier AD, Limon T, Muenker TM, Wallmeyer B, Jurado A, Afshar ME, Ebrahimi M, Tsukanov R, Oleksiievets N, Enderlein J, Gilbert PM, Betz T. Global and local tension measurements in biomimetic skeletal muscle tissues reveals early mechanical homeostasis. eLife 2021; 10:60145. [PMID: 33459593 PMCID: PMC7906603 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tension and mechanical properties of muscle tissue are tightly related to proper skeletal muscle function, which makes experimental access to the biomechanics of muscle tissue formation a key requirement to advance our understanding of muscle function and development. Recently developed elastic in vitro culture chambers allow for raising 3D muscle tissue under controlled conditions and to measure global tissue force generation. However, these chambers are inherently incompatible with high-resolution microscopy limiting their usability to global force measurements, and preventing the exploitation of modern fluorescence based investigation methods for live and dynamic measurements. Here, we present a new chamber design pairing global force measurements, quantified from post-deflection, with local tension measurements obtained from elastic hydrogel beads embedded in muscle tissue. High-resolution 3D video microscopy of engineered muscle formation, enabled by the new chamber, shows an early mechanical tissue homeostasis that remains stable in spite of continued myotube maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne D Hofemeier
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tamara Limon
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Alejandro Jurado
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mohammad Ebrahim Afshar
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Majid Ebrahimi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Roman Tsukanov
- 3rd Institute of Physics-Biophysics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nazar Oleksiievets
- 3rd Institute of Physics-Biophysics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Enderlein
- 3rd Institute of Physics-Biophysics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Timo Betz
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,3rd Institute of Physics-Biophysics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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19
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Barbeau S, Tahraoui-Bories J, Legay C, Martinat C. Building neuromuscular junctions in vitro. Development 2020; 147:147/22/dev193920. [PMID: 33199350 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has been the model of choice to understand the principles of communication at chemical synapses. Following groundbreaking experiments carried out over 60 years ago, many studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and physiology of these synapses. This Review summarizes the progress made to date towards obtaining faithful models of NMJs in vitro We provide a historical approach discussing initial experiments investigating NMJ development and function from Xenopus to mice, the creation of chimeric co-cultures, in vivo approaches and co-culture methods from ex vivo and in vitro derived cells, as well as the most recent developments to generate human NMJs. We discuss the benefits of these techniques and the challenges to be addressed in the future for promoting our understanding of development and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Barbeau
- Université de Paris, CNRS, SPPIN - Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Julie Tahraoui-Bories
- INSERM/UEPS UMR 861, Paris Saclay Université, I-STEM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Claire Legay
- Université de Paris, CNRS, SPPIN - Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Martinat
- INSERM/UEPS UMR 861, Paris Saclay Université, I-STEM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
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20
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Guo X, Badu-Mensah A, Thomas MC, McAleer CW, Hickman JJ. Characterization of Functional Human Skeletal Myotubes and Neuromuscular Junction Derived-From the Same Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Source. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E133. [PMID: 33105732 PMCID: PMC7712960 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7040133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro generation of functional neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) utilizing the same induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) source for muscle and motoneurons would be of great value for disease modeling and tissue engineering. Although, differentiation and characterization of iPSC-derived motoneurons are well established, and iPSC-derived skeletal muscle (iPSC-SKM) has been reported, there is a general lack of systemic and functional characterization of the iPSC-SKM. This study performed a systematic characterization of iPSC-SKM differentiated using a serum-free, small molecule-directed protocol. Morphologically, the iPSC-SKM demonstrated the expression and appropriate distribution of acetylcholine, ryanodine and dihydropyridine receptors. Fiber type analysis revealed a mixture of human fast (Type IIX, IIA) and slow (Type I) muscle types and the absence of animal Type IIB fibers. Functionally, the iPSC-SKMs contracted synchronously upon electrical stimulation, with the contraction force comparable to myofibers derived from primary myoblasts. Most importantly, when co-cultured with human iPSC-derived motoneurons from the same iPSC source, the myofibers contracted in response to motoneuron stimulation indicating the formation of functional NMJs. By demonstrating comparable structural and functional capacity to primary myoblast-derived myofibers, this defined, iPSC-SKM system, as well as the personal NMJ system, has applications for patient-specific drug testing and investigation of muscle physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Guo
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; (X.G.); (A.B.-M.); (M.C.T.)
| | - Agnes Badu-Mensah
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; (X.G.); (A.B.-M.); (M.C.T.)
- Biomolecular Science Center, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Michael C. Thomas
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; (X.G.); (A.B.-M.); (M.C.T.)
| | | | - James J. Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; (X.G.); (A.B.-M.); (M.C.T.)
- Biomolecular Science Center, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Hesperos Inc., 12501 Research Pkwy, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826, USA;
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21
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Saini J, Faroni A, Reid AJ, Mamchaoui K, Mouly V, Butler-Browne G, Lightfoot AP, McPhee JS, Degens H, Al-Shanti N. A Novel Bioengineered Functional Motor Unit Platform to Study Neuromuscular Interaction. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103238. [PMID: 33050427 PMCID: PMC7599749 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In many neurodegenerative and muscular disorders, and loss of innervation in sarcopenia, improper reinnervation of muscle and dysfunction of the motor unit (MU) are key pathogenic features. In vivo studies of MUs are constrained due to difficulties isolating and extracting functional MUs, so there is a need for a simplified and reproducible system of engineered in vitro MUs. Objective: to develop and characterise a functional MU model in vitro, permitting the analysis of MU development and function. Methods: an immortalised human myoblast cell line was co-cultured with rat embryo spinal cord explants in a serum-free/growth fact media. MUs developed and the morphology of their components (neuromuscular junction (NMJ), myotubes and motor neurons) were characterised using immunocytochemistry, phase contrast and confocal microscopy. The function of the MU was evaluated through live observations and videography of spontaneous myotube contractions after challenge with cholinergic antagonists and glutamatergic agonists. Results: blocking acetylcholine receptors with α-bungarotoxin resulted in complete, cessation of myotube contractions, which was reversible with tubocurarine. Furthermore, myotube activity was significantly higher with the application of L-glutamic acid. All these observations indicate the formed MU are functional. Conclusion: a functional nerve-muscle co-culture model was established that has potential for drug screening and pathophysiological studies of neuromuscular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasdeep Saini
- Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (J.S.); (A.P.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Alessandro Faroni
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; (A.F.); (A.J.R.)
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery & Burns, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - Adam J. Reid
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; (A.F.); (A.J.R.)
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery & Burns, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - Kamel Mamchaoui
- Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, 75013 Paris, France; (K.M.); (V.M.); (G.B.-B.)
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, 75013 Paris, France; (K.M.); (V.M.); (G.B.-B.)
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, 75013 Paris, France; (K.M.); (V.M.); (G.B.-B.)
| | - Adam P. Lightfoot
- Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (J.S.); (A.P.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Jamie S. McPhee
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK;
| | - Hans Degens
- Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (J.S.); (A.P.L.); (H.D.)
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nasser Al-Shanti
- Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (J.S.); (A.P.L.); (H.D.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Sibgatullina GV, Malomouzh AI. GABA in developing rat skeletal muscle and motor neurons. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:1009-1015. [PMID: 32016594 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable evidence is accumulated pointing to participation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in intercellular signaling in the peripheral nervous system, including, in particular, neuromuscular transmission. However, where in the neuromuscular synapse GABA is synthesized remains not quite clear. We used histochemical methods to detect GABA and L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in developing skeletal muscle fibers and in cultured motor neurons. We found that GABA can be detected already in myocytes, but with further muscle maturation, GABA synthesis gradually attenuates and completely ceases in early postnatal development. We found also that formation of GABA in muscle tissue does not depend on activity of GAD, but presumably proceeds through some other, alternative pathways. In motor neurons, GABA and GAD can be detected at the early stage of development (prior to synapse formation). Our data support the hypothesis that GABA and GAD, which are detectable in adult neuromuscular junctions, have neuronal origin. The mechanism of GABA production and its role in developing muscle tissue need further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gusel V Sibgatullina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Artem I Malomouzh
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia.
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
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23
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Afshar ME, Abraha HY, Bakooshli MA, Davoudi S, Thavandiran N, Tung K, Ahn H, Ginsberg HJ, Zandstra PW, Gilbert PM. A 96-well culture platform enables longitudinal analyses of engineered human skeletal muscle microtissue strength. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6918. [PMID: 32332853 PMCID: PMC7181829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models of human skeletal muscle mimic aspects of native tissue structure and function, thereby providing a promising system for disease modeling, drug discovery or pre-clinical validation, and toxicity testing. Widespread adoption of this research approach is hindered by the lack of easy-to-use platforms that are simple to fabricate and that yield arrays of human skeletal muscle micro-tissues (hMMTs) in culture with reproducible physiological responses that can be assayed non-invasively. Here, we describe a design and methods to generate a reusable mold to fabricate a 96-well platform, referred to as MyoTACTIC, that enables bulk production of 3D hMMTs. All 96-wells and all well features are cast in a single step from the reusable mold. Non-invasive calcium transient and contractile force measurements are performed on hMMTs directly in MyoTACTIC, and unbiased force analysis occurs by a custom automated algorithm, allowing for longitudinal studies of function. Characterizations of MyoTACTIC and resulting hMMTs confirms the capability of the device to support formation of hMMTs that recapitulate biological responses. We show that hMMT contractile force mirrors expected responses to compounds shown by others to decrease (dexamethasone, cerivastatin) or increase (IGF-1) skeletal muscle strength. Since MyoTACTIC supports hMMT long-term culture, we evaluated direct influences of pancreatic cancer chemotherapeutics agents on contraction competent human skeletal muscle myotubes. A single application of a clinically relevant dose of Irinotecan decreased hMMT contractile force generation, while clear effects on myotube atrophy were observed histologically only at a higher dose. This suggests an off-target effect that may contribute to cancer associated muscle wasting, and highlights the value of the MyoTACTIC platform to non-invasively predict modulators of human skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad E Afshar
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Haben Y Abraha
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohsen A Bakooshli
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sadegh Davoudi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nimalan Thavandiran
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kayee Tung
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Henry Ahn
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Howard J Ginsberg
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter W Zandstra
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Canada.,Michael Smith Laboratories and the School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Fusto A, Moyle LA, Gilbert PM, Pegoraro E. Cored in the act: the use of models to understand core myopathies. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm041368. [PMID: 31874912 PMCID: PMC6955215 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The core myopathies are a group of congenital myopathies with variable clinical expression - ranging from early-onset skeletal-muscle weakness to later-onset disease of variable severity - that are identified by characteristic 'core-like' lesions in myofibers and the presence of hypothonia and slowly or rather non-progressive muscle weakness. The genetic causes are diverse; central core disease is most often caused by mutations in ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1), whereas multi-minicore disease is linked to pathogenic variants of several genes, including selenoprotein N (SELENON), RYR1 and titin (TTN). Understanding the mechanisms that drive core development and muscle weakness remains challenging due to the diversity of the excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) proteins involved and the differential effects of mutations across proteins. Because of this, the use of representative models expressing a mature ECC apparatus is crucial. Animal models have facilitated the identification of disease progression mechanisms for some mutations and have provided evidence to help explain genotype-phenotype correlations. However, many unanswered questions remain about the common and divergent pathological mechanisms that drive disease progression, and these mechanisms need to be understood in order to identify therapeutic targets. Several new transgenic animals have been described recently, expanding the spectrum of core myopathy models, including mice with patient-specific mutations. Furthermore, recent developments in 3D tissue engineering are expected to enable the study of core myopathy disease progression and the effects of potential therapeutic interventions in the context of human cells. In this Review, we summarize the current landscape of core myopathy models, and assess the hurdles and opportunities of future modeling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Fusto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Louise A Moyle
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biochemical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biochemical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
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25
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Vila OF, Qu Y, Vunjak-Novakovic G. In vitro models of neuromuscular junctions and their potential for novel drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 15:307-317. [PMID: 31846349 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1700225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Neuromuscular Junctions (NMJs) are the synapses between motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers, and they are responsible for voluntary motor function. NMJs are affected at early stages of numerous neurodegenerative and neuroimmunological diseases. Due to the difficulty of systematically studying and manipulating NMJs in live subjects, in vitro systems with human tissue models would provide a powerful complement to simple cell cultures and animal models for mechanistic and drug development studies.Areas covered: The authors review the latest advances in in vitro models of NMJs, from traditional cell co-culture systems to novel tissue culture approaches, with focus on disease modeling and drug testing.Expert opinion: In recent years, more sophisticated in vitro models of human NMJs have been established. The combination of human stem cell technology with advanced tissue culture systems has resulted in systems that better recapitulate the human NMJ structure and function, and thereby allow for high-throughput quantitative functional measurements under both healthy and diseased conditions. Although they still have limitations, these advanced systems are increasingly demonstrating their utility for evaluating new therapies for motoneuron and autoimmune neuromuscular diseases, and we expect them to become an integral part of the drug discovery process in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia F Vila
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yihuai Qu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Najjar SA, Smith AST, Long CJ, McAleer CW, Cai Y, Srinivasan B, Martin C, Vandenburgh HH, Hickman JJ. A multiplexed in vitro assay system for evaluating human skeletal muscle functionality in response to drug treatment. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:736-747. [PMID: 31758543 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In vitro systems that mimic organ functionality have become increasingly important tools in drug development studies. Systems that measure the functional properties of skeletal muscle are beneficial to compound screening studies and also for integration into multiorgan devices. To date, no studies have investigated human skeletal muscle responses to drug treatments at the single myotube level in vitro. This report details a microscale cantilever chip-based assay system for culturing individual human myotubes. The cantilevers, along with a laser and photo-detector system, enable measurement of myotube contractions in response to broad-field electrical stimulation. This system was used to obtain baseline functional parameters for untreated human myotubes, including peak contractile force and time-to-fatigue data. The cultured myotubes were then treated with known myotoxic compounds and the resulting functional changes were compared to baseline measurements as well as known physiological responses in vivo. The collected data demonstrate the system's capacity for screening direct effects of compound action on individual human skeletal myotubes in a reliable, reproducible, and noninvasive manner. Furthermore, it has the potential to be utilized for high-content screening, disease modeling, and exercise studies of human skeletal muscle performance utilizing iPSCs derived from specific patient populations such as the muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Najjar
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Alexander S T Smith
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Christopher J Long
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Yunqing Cai
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Balaji Srinivasan
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Candace Martin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Herman H Vandenburgh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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27
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Mao W, Lee S, Kim SR, Kim KN, Yoo HS. Electrospun nanohybrid hydrogels for enhanced differentiation of myoblasts. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Almonacid Suarez AM, Zhou Q, van Rijn P, Harmsen MC. Directional topography gradients drive optimum alignment and differentiation of human myoblasts. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:2234-2245. [PMID: 31677226 PMCID: PMC6973069 DOI: 10.1002/term.2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering of skeletal muscle aims to replicate the parallel alignment of myotubes on the native tissue. Directional topography gradients allow the study of the influence of topography on cellular orientation, proliferation, and differentiation, resulting in yield cues and clues to develop a proper in vitro environment for muscle tissue engineering. In this study, we used a polydimethylsiloxane-based substrate containing an aligned topography gradient with sinusoidal features ranging from wavelength (λ) = 1,520 nm and amplitude (A) =176 nm to λ = 9,934 nm and A = 2,168 nm. With this topography gradient, we evaluated the effect of topography on human myoblasts distribution, dominant orientation, cell area, nuclei coverage, cell area per number of nuclei, and nuclei area of myotubes. We showed that human myoblasts aligned and differentiated irrespective of the topography section. In addition, aligned human myotubes showed functionality and maturity by contracting spontaneously and nuclei peripheral organization resembling natural myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Almonacid Suarez
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Martin C. Harmsen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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29
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Rimington RP, Capel AJ, Chaplin KF, Fleming JW, Bandulasena HCH, Bibb RJ, Christie SDR, Lewis MP. Differentiation of Bioengineered Skeletal Muscle within a 3D Printed Perfusion Bioreactor Reduces Atrophic and Inflammatory Gene Expression. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5525-5538. [PMID: 33464072 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineered skeletal muscle tissues benefit from dynamic culture environments which facilitate the appropriate provision of nutrients and removal of cellular waste products. Biologically compatible perfusion systems hold the potential to enhance the physiological biomimicry of in vitro tissues via dynamic culture, in addition to providing technological advances in analytical testing and live cellular imaging for analysis of cellular development. To meet such diverse requirements, perfusion systems require the capacity and adaptability to incorporate multiple cell laden constructs of both monolayer and bioengineered tissues. This work reports perfusion systems produced using additive manufacturing technology for the in situ phenotypic development of myogenic precursor cells in monolayer and bioengineered tissue. Biocompatibility of systems 3D printed using stereolithography (SL), laser sintering (LS), and PolyJet outlined preferential morphological development within both SL and LS devices. When exposed to intermittent perfusion in the monolayer, delayed yet physiologically representative cellular proliferation, MyoD and myogenin transcription of C2C12 cells was evident. Long-term (8 days) intermittent perfusion of monolayer cultures outlined viable morphological and genetic in situ differentiation for the live cellular imaging of myogenic development. Continuous perfusion cultures (13 days) of bioengineered skeletal muscle tissues outlined in situ myogenic differentiation, forming mature multinucleated myotubes. Here, reductions in IL-1β and TNF-α inflammatory cytokines, myostatin, and MuRF-1 atrophic mRNA expression were observed. Comparable myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform transcription profiles were evident between conditions; however, total mRNA expression was reduced in perfusion conditions. Decreased transcription of MuRF1 and subsequent reduced ubiquitination of the MyHC protein allude to a decreased requirement for transcription of MyHC isoform transcripts. Together, these data appear to indicate that 3D printed perfusion systems elicit enhanced stability of the culture environment, resulting in a reduced basal requirement for MyHC gene expression within bioengineered skeletal muscle tissue.
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30
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Wang J, Khodabukus A, Rao L, Vandusen K, Abutaleb N, Bursac N. Engineered skeletal muscles for disease modeling and drug discovery. Biomaterials 2019; 221:119416. [PMID: 31419653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ of human body with several important roles in everyday movement and metabolic homeostasis. The limited ability of small animal models of muscle disease to accurately predict drug efficacy and toxicity in humans has prompted the development in vitro models of human skeletal muscle that fatefully recapitulate cell and tissue level functions and drug responses. We first review methods for development of three-dimensional engineered muscle tissues and organ-on-a-chip microphysiological systems and discuss their potential utility in drug discovery research and development of new regenerative therapies. Furthermore, we describe strategies to increase the functional maturation of engineered muscle, and motivate the importance of incorporating multiple tissue types on the same chip to model organ cross-talk and generate more predictive drug development platforms. Finally, we review the ability of available in vitro systems to model diseases such as type II diabetes, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Pompe disease, and dysferlinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Lingjun Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Keith Vandusen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nadia Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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31
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Dissecting cell diversity and connectivity in skeletal muscle for myogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:427. [PMID: 31160550 PMCID: PMC6546706 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Characterized by their slow adhering property, skeletal muscle myogenic progenitor cells (MPCs) have been widely utilized in skeletal muscle tissue engineering for muscle regeneration, but with limited efficacy. Skeletal muscle regeneration is regulated by various cell types, including a large number of rapidly adhering cells (RACs) where their functions and mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we explored the function of RACs by co-culturing them with MPCs in a biomimetic skeletal muscle organoid system. Results showed that RACs promoted the myogenic potential of MPCs in the organoid. Single-cell RNA-Seq was also performed, classifying RACs into 7 cell subtypes, including one newly described cell subtype: teno-muscular cells (TMCs). Connectivity map of RACs and MPCs subpopulations revealed potential growth factors (VEGFA and HBEGF) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins involvement in the promotion of myogenesis of MPCs during muscle organoid formation. Finally, trans-well experiments and small molecular inhibitors blocking experiments confirmed the role of RACs in the promotion of myogenic differentiation of MPCs. The RACs reported here revealed complex cell diversity and connectivity with MPCs in the biomimetic skeletal muscle organoid system, which not only offers an attractive alternative for disease modeling and in vitro drug screening but also provides clues for in vivo muscle regeneration.
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32
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Saini J, Faroni A, Abd Al Samid M, Reid AJ, Lightfoot AP, Mamchaoui K, Mouly V, Butler-Browne G, McPhee JS, Degens H, Al-Shanti N. Simplified in vitro engineering of neuromuscular junctions between rat embryonic motoneurons and immortalized human skeletal muscle cells. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2019; 12:1-9. [PMID: 30863121 PMCID: PMC6388735 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s187655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) consist of the presynaptic cholinergic motoneuron terminals and the corresponding postsynaptic motor endplates on skeletal muscle fibers. At the NMJ the action potential of the neuron leads, via release of acetylcholine, to muscle membrane depolarization that in turn is translated into muscle contraction and physical movement. Despite the fact that substantial NMJ research has been performed, the potential of in vivo NMJ investigations is inadequate and difficult to employ. A simple and reproducible in vitro NMJ model may provide a robust means to study the impact of neurotrophic factors, growth factors, and hormones on NMJ formation, structure, and function. Methods This report characterizes a novel in vitro NMJ model utilizing immortalized human skeletal muscle stem cells seeded on 35 mm glass-bottom dishes, cocultured and innervated with spinal cord explants from rat embryos at ED 13.5. The cocultures were fixed and stained on day 14 for analysis and assessment of NMJ formation and development. Results This unique serum- and trophic factor-free system permits the growth of cholinergic motoneurons, the formation of mature NMJs, and the development of highly differentiated contractile myotubes, which exhibit appropriate configuration of transversal triads, representative of in vivo conditions. Conclusion This coculture system provides a tool to study vital features of NMJ formation, regulation, maintenance, and repair, as well as a model platform to explore neuromuscular diseases and disorders affecting NMJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasdeep Saini
- Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine Research Centre, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK,
| | - Alessandro Faroni
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery & Burns, University Hospitals of South Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Marwah Abd Al Samid
- Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine Research Centre, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK,
| | - Adam J Reid
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery & Burns, University Hospitals of South Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam P Lightfoot
- Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine Research Centre, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK,
| | - Kamel Mamchaoui
- Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Université- INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Université- INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Jamie S McPhee
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Hans Degens
- Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine Research Centre, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK, .,Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Nasser Al-Shanti
- Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine Research Centre, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK,
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Bioinspired Three-Dimensional Human Neuromuscular Junction Development in Suspended Hydrogel Arrays. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 24:346-359. [PMID: 29739270 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The physical connection between motoneurons and skeletal muscle targets is responsible for the creation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), which allow electrical signals to be translated to mechanical work. NMJ pathology contributes to the spectrum of neuromuscular, motoneuron, and dystrophic disease. Improving in vitro tools that allow for recapitulation of the physiology of the neuromuscular connection will enable researchers to better understand the development and maturation of NMJs, and will help to decipher mechanisms leading to NMJ degeneration. In this work, we first describe robust differentiation of bungarotoxin-positive human myotubes, as well as a reproducible method for encapsulating and aligning human myoblasts in three-dimensional (3D) suspended culture using bioprinted silk fibroin cantilevers as cell culture supports. Further analysis with coculture of motoneuron-like cells demonstrates feasibility of fully human coculture using two-dimensional and 2.5-dimensional culture methods, with appropriate differentiation of both cell types. Using these coculture differentiation conditions with motoneuron-like cells added to monocultures of 3D suspended human myotubes, we then demonstrate synaptic colocalization in coculture as well as acetylcholine and glutamic acid stimulation of human myocytes. This method represents a unique platform to coculture suspended human myoblast-seeded 3D hydrogels with integrated motoneuron-like cells derived from human induced neural stem cells. The platform described is fully customizable using 3D freeform printing into standard laboratory tissue culture materials, and allows for human myoblast alignment in 3D with precise motoneuron integration into preformed myotubes. The coculture method will ideally be useful in observation and analysis of neurite outgrowth and myogenic differentiation in 3D with quantification of several parameters of muscle innervation and function.
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34
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Vila OF, Uzel SG, Ma SP, Williams D, Pak J, Kamm RD, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Quantification of human neuromuscular function through optogenetics. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1232-1246. [PMID: 30867827 PMCID: PMC6401498 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of human neuromuscular diseases has traditionally been performed in animal models, due to the difficulty of performing studies in human subjects. Despite the unquestioned value of animal models, inter-species differences hamper the translation of these findings to clinical trials. Tissue-engineered models of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) allow for the recapitulation of the human physiology in tightly controlled in vitro settings. Methods: Here we report the first human patient-specific tissue-engineered model of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) that combines stem cell technology with tissue engineering, optogenetics, microfabrication and image processing. The combination of custom-made hardware and software allows for repeated, quantitative measurements of NMJ function in a user-independent manner. Results: We demonstrate the utility of this model for basic and translational research by characterizing in real time the functional changes during physiological and pathological processes. Principal Conclusions: This system holds great potential for the study of neuromuscular diseases and drug screening, allowing for the extraction of quantitative functional data from a human, patient-specific system.
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35
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Son IT, Lee HS, Ihn MH, Lee KH, Kim DW, Lee KW, Kim JS, Kang SB. Isolation of internal and external sphincter progenitor cells from the human anal sphincter with or without radiotherapy. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:38-47. [PMID: 30047583 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to isolate and propagate internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells from the human anal sphincter, with or without radiotherapy, for tailored cell therapy of faecal incontinence. METHODS Sphincter progenitor cells were isolated from normal internal and external anal sphincters collected from 10 patients with rectal cancer who had undergone abdominoperineal resection with (n = 6) or without (n = 4) preoperative chemoradiotherapy. The isolated cells and differentiated muscle fibres were identified using immunofluorescence assay, western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The proliferation of progenitor cells with and without radiotherapy was compared by quantitative 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS The immunofluorescence assay before differentiation confirmed that the internal anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed CD34 and neural-glial antigen 2 (NG2), whereas the external anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed CD34 and PAX7. After differentiation, the internal anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed desmin, calponin and α-smooth muscle actin, whereas the external anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed desmin, myogenic factor 4 and myosin heavy chain. The differential expression profiles of both cell types were confirmed by western blotting and RT-PCR. MTT assays showed that the viability of internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells was significantly lower in the radiotherapy group than that in the nonradiotherapy group. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the differential harvest internal and external sphincter muscle progenitor cells from human anal sphincters. We confirm that radiotherapy decreases the viability of internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I T Son
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital, Catholic University, Uijeongbu-si, South Korea
| | - M H Ihn
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - K H Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - D-W Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - K-W Lee
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - J-S Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - S-B Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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Gaster M. The diabetic phenotype is preserved in myotubes established from type 2 diabetic subjects: a critical appraisal. APMIS 2018; 127:3-26. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gaster
- Laboratory for Molecular Physiology Department of Pathology and Department of Endocrinology Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
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37
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Abd Al Samid M, McPhee JS, Saini J, McKay TR, Fitzpatrick LM, Mamchaoui K, Bigot A, Mouly V, Butler-Browne G, Al-Shanti N. A functional human motor unit platform engineered from human embryonic stem cells and immortalized skeletal myoblasts. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2018; 11:85-93. [PMID: 30519053 PMCID: PMC6233953 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s178562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Although considerable research on neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) has been conducted, the prospect of in vivo NMJ studies is limited and these studies are challenging to implement. Therefore, there is a clear unmet need to develop a feasible, robust, and physiologically relevant in vitro NMJ model. Objective We aimed to establish a novel functional human NMJs platform, which is serum and neural complex media/neural growth factor-free, using human immortalized myoblasts and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) that can be used to understand the mechanisms of NMJ development and degeneration. Methods Immortalized human myoblasts were co-cultured with hESCs derived committed NPCs. Over the course of the 7 days myoblasts differentiated into myotubes and NPCs differentiated into motor neurons. Results Neuronal axon sprouting branched to form multiple NMJ innervation sites along the myotubes and the myotubes showed extensive, spontaneous contractile activity. Choline acetyltransferase and βIII-tubulin immunostaining confirmed that the NPCs had matured into cholinergic motor neurons. Postsynaptic site of NMJs was further characterized by staining dihydropyridine receptors, ryanodine receptors, and acetylcholine receptors by α-bungarotoxin. Conclusion We established a functional human motor unit platform for in vitro investigations. Thus, this co-culture system can be used as a novel platform for 1) drug discovery in the treatment of neuromuscular disorders, 2) deciphering vital features of NMJ formation, regulation, maintenance, and repair, and 3) exploring neuromuscular diseases, age-associated degeneration of the NMJ, muscle aging, and diabetic neuropathy and myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Abd Al Samid
- Healthcare Science Research Institute, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK,
| | - Jamie S McPhee
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Jasdeep Saini
- Healthcare Science Research Institute, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK,
| | - Tristan R McKay
- Healthcare Science Research Institute, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK,
| | - Lorna M Fitzpatrick
- Healthcare Science Research Institute, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK,
| | - Kamel Mamchaoui
- Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Anne Bigot
- Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Nasser Al-Shanti
- Healthcare Science Research Institute, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK,
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38
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Takahashi H, Shimizu T, Okano T. Engineered Human Contractile Myofiber Sheets as a Platform for Studies of Skeletal Muscle Physiology. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13932. [PMID: 30224737 PMCID: PMC6141563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle physiology and the mechanisms of muscle diseases can be effectively studied by an in-vitro tissue model produced by muscle tissue engineering. Engineered human cell-based tissues are required more than ever because of the advantages they bring as tissue models in research studies. This study reports on a production method of a human skeletal myofiber sheet that demonstrates biomimetic properties including the aligned structure of myofibers, basement membrane-like structure of the extracellular matrix, and unidirectional contractile ability. The contractile ability and drug responsibility shown in this study indicate that this engineered muscle tissue has potential as a human cell-based tissue model for clinically relevant in-vitro studies in muscle physiology and drug discovery. Moreover, this engineered tissue can be used to better understand the relationships between mechanical stress and myogenesis, including muscle growth and regeneration. In this study, periodic exercise induced by continuous electrical pulse stimulation enhanced the contractile ability of the engineered myofibers and the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from the exercising myofibers. Since the physiology of skeletal muscle is directly related to mechanical stress, these features point to application as a tissue model and platform for future biological studies of skeletal muscle including muscle metabolism, muscle atrophy and muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Takahashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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39
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Zhang X, Hong S, Yen R, Kondash M, Fernandez CE, Truskey GA. A system to monitor statin-induced myopathy in individual engineered skeletal muscle myobundles. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2787-2796. [PMID: 30112530 PMCID: PMC6145090 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00654g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiological tissue engineering models of human skeletal muscle (myobundles) provide a platform to investigate the mechanism of muscle diseases and to study the response to drugs and toxins in vitro. To examine the dynamic response to drugs, which often take several days to induce responses, we developed a system to monitor the contractile force of the same human skeletal muscle myobundles over time before and after treatment with drugs. Myobundles were formed in series with Ecoflex films (platinum-catalyzed silicones) with embedded microbeads. The displacement of the microbeads in Ecoflex exhibited a linear relation between muscle force production and Ecoflex film stretch. Forces measured with the microbeads embedded in Ecoflex agreed well with simultaneous measurements with a force transducer. Application of the Hill model for the myobundles showed that the Ecoflex affected the magnitude of the response, but not the kinetics. After continuous exposure to 100 nM cerivastatin, both active and passive forces were reduced relative to controls after 2-4 days. The decline in force was associated with a decline in the muscle myofiber organization. The inhibitory effect of cerivastatin was reduced when 0.1-1 mM mevalonate was added with cerivastatin. Although addition of co-enzyme Q10 with cerivastatin inhibited degradation of sarcomeric α-actinin (SAA) in myoblasts, the contractile force still declined, suggesting that statin-induced myopathy was related to mevalonate pathway but the addition of co-enzyme Q10 was insufficient to overcome the effect of statins on the mevalonate pathway. Thus, cerivastatin rapidly induces myopathy which can be reversds with mevalonate but not co-enzyme Q10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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40
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SCN4A as modifier gene in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 2. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11058. [PMID: 30038349 PMCID: PMC6056531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A patient with an early severe myotonia diagnosed for Myotonic Dystrophy type 2 (DM2) was found bearing the combined effects of DM2 mutation and Nav1.4 S906T substitution. To investigate the mechanism underlying his atypical phenotype,whole-cell patch-clamp in voltage- and current-clamp mode was performed in myoblasts and myotubes obtained from his muscle biopsy. Results characterizing the properties of the sodium current and of the action potentials have been compared to those obtained in muscle cells derived from his mother, also affected by DM2, but without the S906T polymorphism. A faster inactivation kinetics and a +5 mV shift in the availability curve were found in the sodium current recorded in patient’s myoblasts compared to his mother. 27% of his myotubes displayed spontaneous activity. Patient’s myotubes showing a stable resting membrane potential had a lower rheobase current respect to the mother’s while the overshoot and the maximum slope of the depolarizing phase of action potential were higher. These findings suggest that SCN4A polymorphisms may be responsible for a higher excitability of DM2 patients sarcolemma, supporting the severe myotonic phenotype observed. We suggest SCN4A as a modifier factor and that its screening should be performed in DM2 patients with uncommon clinical features.
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Current Progress and Challenges for Skeletal Muscle Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Transgene-Free Approaches. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6241681. [PMID: 29760730 PMCID: PMC5924987 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6241681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular diseases are caused by functional defects of skeletal muscles, directly via muscle pathology or indirectly via disruption of the nervous system. Extensive studies have been performed to improve the outcomes of therapies; however, effective treatment strategies have not been fully established for any major neuromuscular disease. Human pluripotent stem cells have a great capacity to differentiate into myogenic progenitors and skeletal myocytes for use in treating and modeling neuromuscular diseases. Recent advances have allowed the creation of patient-derived stem cells, which can be used as a unique platform for comprehensive study of disease mechanisms, in vitro drug screening, and potential new cell-based therapies. In the last decade, a number of methods have been developed to derive skeletal muscle cells from human pluripotent stem cells. By controlling the process of myogenesis using transcription factors and signaling molecules, human pluripotent stem cells can be directed to differentiate into cell types observed during muscle development. In this review, we highlight signaling pathways relevant to the formation of muscle tissue during embryonic development. We then summarize current methods to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells toward the myogenic lineage, specifically focusing on transgene-free approaches. Lastly, we discuss existing challenges for deriving skeletal myocytes and myogenic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells.
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Young J, Margaron Y, Fernandes M, Duchemin-Pelletier E, Michaud J, Flaender M, Lorintiu O, Degot S, Poydenot P. MyoScreen, a High-Throughput Phenotypic Screening Platform Enabling Muscle Drug Discovery. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:790-806. [PMID: 29498891 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218761102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the need for more effective drug treatments to address muscle atrophy and disease, physiologically accurate in vitro screening models and higher information content preclinical assays that aid in the discovery and development of novel therapies are lacking. To this end, MyoScreen was developed: a robust and versatile high-throughput high-content screening (HT/HCS) platform that integrates a physiologically and pharmacologically relevant micropatterned human primary skeletal muscle model with a panel of pertinent phenotypic and functional assays. MyoScreen myotubes form aligned, striated myofibers, and they show nerve-independent accumulation of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) properties characteristic of adult skeletal muscle and contraction in response to chemical stimulation. Reproducibility and sensitivity of the fully automated MyoScreen platform are highlighted in assays that quantitatively measure myogenesis, hypertrophy and atrophy, AChR clusterization, and intracellular calcium release dynamics, as well as integrating contractility data. A primary screen of 2560 compounds to identify stimulators of myofiber regeneration and repair, followed by further biological characterization of two hits, validates MyoScreen for the discovery and testing of novel therapeutics. MyoScreen is an improvement of current in vitro muscle models, enabling a more predictive screening strategy for preclinical selection of the most efficacious new chemical entities earlier in the discovery pipeline process.
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43
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Colón A, Guo X, Akanda N, Cai Y, Hickman JJ. Functional analysis of human intrafusal fiber innervation by human γ-motoneurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17202. [PMID: 29222416 PMCID: PMC5722897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of neuromuscular deficits and diseases such as SMA, as well as for next generation prosthetics, utilizing in vitro phenotypic models would benefit from the development of a functional neuromuscular reflex arc. The neuromuscular reflex arc is the system that integrates the proprioceptive information for muscle length and activity (sensory afferent), to modify motoneuron output to achieve graded muscle contraction (actuation efferent). The sensory portion of the arc is composed of proprioceptive sensory neurons and the muscle spindle, which is embedded in the muscle tissue and composed of intrafusal fibers. The gamma motoneurons (γ-MNs) that innervate these fibers regulate the intrafusal fiber's stretch so that they retain proper tension and sensitivity during muscle contraction or relaxation. This mechanism is in place to maintain the sensitivity of proprioception during dynamic muscle activity and to prevent muscular damage. In this study, a co-culture system was developed for innervation of intrafusal fibers by human γ-MNs and demonstrated by morphological and immunocytochemical analysis, then validated by functional electrophysiological evaluation. This human-based fusimotor model and its incorporation into the reflex arc allows for a more accurate recapitulation of neuromuscular function for applications in disease investigations, drug discovery, prosthetic design and neuropathic pain investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Colón
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - X Guo
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - N Akanda
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Y Cai
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - J J Hickman
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA.
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44
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Andriani Y, Chua JMW, Chua BYJ, Phang IY, Shyh-Chang N, Tan WS. Polyurethane acrylates as effective substrates for sustained in vitro culture of human myotubes. Acta Biomater 2017; 57:115-126. [PMID: 28435079 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Muscular disease has debilitating effects with severe damage leading to death. Our knowledge of muscle biology, disease and treatment is largely derived from non-human cell models, even though non-human cells are known to differ from human cells in their biochemical responses. Attempts to develop highly sought after in vitro human cell models have been plagued by early cell delamination and difficulties in achieving human myotube culture in vitro. In this work, we developed polyurethane acrylate (PUA) materials to support long-term in vitro culture of human skeletal muscle tissue. Using a constant base with modulated crosslink density we were able to vary the material modulus while keeping surface chemistry and roughness constant. While previous studies have focused on materials that mimic soft muscle tissue with stiffness ca. 12kPa, we investigated materials with tendon-like surface moduli in the higher 150MPa to 2.4GPa range, which has remained unexplored. We found that PUA of an optimal modulus within this range can support human myoblast proliferation, terminal differentiation and sustenance beyond 35days, without use of any extracellular protein coating. Results show that PUA materials can serve as effective substrates for successful development of human skeletal muscle cell models and are suitable for long-term in vitro studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We developed polyurethane acrylates (PUA) to modulate the human skeletal muscle cell growth and maturation in vitro by controlling surface chemistry, morphology and tuning material's stiffness. PUA was able to maintain muscle cell viability for over a month without any detectable signs of material degradation. The best performing PUA prevented premature cell detachment from the substrate which often hampered long-term muscle cell studies. It also supported muscle cell maturation up to the late stages of differentiation. The significance of these findings lies in the possibility to advance studies on muscle cell biology, disease and therapy by using human muscle cells instead of relying on the widely used animal-based in vitro models.
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45
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Wang YI, Oleaga C, Long CJ, Esch MB, McAleer CW, Miller PG, Hickman JJ, Shuler ML. Self-contained, low-cost Body-on-a-Chip systems for drug development. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1701-1713. [PMID: 29065797 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217694101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated multi-organ microphysiological systems are an evolving tool for preclinical evaluation of the potential toxicity and efficacy of drug candidates. Such systems, also known as Body-on-a-Chip devices, have a great potential to increase the successful conversion of drug candidates entering clinical trials into approved drugs. Systems, to be attractive for commercial adoption, need to be inexpensive, easy to operate, and give reproducible results. Further, the ability to measure functional responses, such as electrical activity, force generation, and barrier integrity of organ surrogates, enhances the ability to monitor response to drugs. The ability to operate a system for significant periods of time (up to 28 d) will provide potential to estimate chronic as well as acute responses of the human body. Here we review progress towards a self-contained low-cost microphysiological system with functional measurements of physiological responses. Impact statement Multi-organ microphysiological systems are promising devices to improve the drug development process. The development of a pumpless system represents the ability to build multi-organ systems that are of low cost, high reliability, and self-contained. These features, coupled with the ability to measure electrical and mechanical response in addition to chemical or metabolic changes, provides an attractive system for incorporation into the drug development process. This will be the most complete review of the pumpless platform with recirculation yet written.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying I Wang
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carlota Oleaga
- 2 NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Christopher J Long
- 2 NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.,3 Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Mandy B Esch
- 4 Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Christopher W McAleer
- 2 NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.,3 Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Paula G Miller
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- 2 NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.,3 Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Michael L Shuler
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,3 Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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46
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Guo X, Colon A, Akanda N, Spradling S, Stancescu M, Martin C, Hickman JJ. Tissue engineering the mechanosensory circuit of the stretch reflex arc with human stem cells: Sensory neuron innervation of intrafusal muscle fibers. Biomaterials 2017; 122:179-187. [PMID: 28129596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Muscle spindles are sensory organs embedded in the belly of skeletal muscles that serve as mechanoreceptors detecting static and dynamic information about muscle length and stretch. Through their connection with proprioceptive sensory neurons, sensation of axial body position and muscle movement are transmitted to the central nervous system. Impairment of this sensory circuit causes motor deficits and has been linked to a wide range of diseases. To date, no defined human-based in vitro model of the proprioceptive sensory circuit has been developed. The goal of this study was to develop a human-based in vitro muscle sensory circuit utilizing human stem cells. A serum-free medium was developed to drive the induction of intrafusal fibers from human satellite cells by actuation of a neuregulin signaling pathway. Both bag and chain intrafusal fibers were generated and subsequently validated by phase microscopy and immunocytochemistry. When co-cultured with proprioceptive sensory neurons derived from human neuroprogenitors, mechanosensory nerve terminal structural features with intrafusal fibers were demonstrated. Most importantly, patch-clamp electrophysiological analysis of the intrafusal fibers indicated repetitive firing of human intrafusal fibers, which has not been observed in human extrafusal fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Guo
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Alisha Colon
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; Biomolecular Science Center, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Nesar Akanda
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Severo Spradling
- Biomolecular Science Center, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Maria Stancescu
- Department of Chemistry, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Physical Sciences Building (PS) Room 255, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2366, USA
| | - Candace Martin
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; Biomolecular Science Center, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; Department of Chemistry, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Physical Sciences Building (PS) Room 255, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2366, USA.
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47
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Duffy RM, Sun Y, Feinberg AW. Understanding the Role of ECM Protein Composition and Geometric Micropatterning for Engineering Human Skeletal Muscle. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:2076-89. [PMID: 26983843 PMCID: PMC4880540 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle lost through trauma or disease has proven difficult to regenerate due to the challenge of differentiating human myoblasts into aligned, contractile tissue. To address this, we investigated microenvironmental cues that drive myoblast differentiation into aligned myotubes for potential applications in skeletal muscle repair, organ-on-chip disease models and actuators for soft robotics. We used a 2D in vitro system to systematically evaluate the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein composition and geometric patterning for controlling the formation of highly aligned myotubes. Specifically, we analyzed myotubes differentiated from murine C2C12 cells and human skeletal muscle derived cells (SkMDCs) on micropatterned lines of laminin compared to fibronectin, collagen type I, and collagen type IV. Results showed that laminin supported significantly greater myotube formation from both cells types, resulting in greater than twofold increase in myotube area on these surfaces compared to the other ECM proteins. Species specific differences revealed that human SkMDCs uniaxially aligned over a wide range of micropatterned line dimensions, while C2C12s required specific line widths and spacings to do the same. Future work will incorporate these results to engineer aligned human skeletal muscle tissue in 2D for in vitro applications in disease modeling, drug discovery and toxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Duffy
- Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 700 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 700 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 700 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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48
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Smith AST, Davis J, Lee G, Mack DL, Kim DH. Muscular dystrophy in a dish: engineered human skeletal muscle mimetics for disease modeling and drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1387-1398. [PMID: 27109386 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Engineered in vitro models using human cells, particularly patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), offer a potential solution to issues associated with the use of animals for studying disease pathology and drug efficacy. Given the prevalence of muscle diseases in human populations, an engineered tissue model of human skeletal muscle could provide a biologically accurate platform to study basic muscle physiology, disease progression, and drug efficacy and/or toxicity. Such platforms could be used as phenotypic drug screens to identify compounds capable of alleviating or reversing congenital myopathies, such as Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD). Here, we review current skeletal muscle modeling technologies with a specific focus on efforts to generate biomimetic systems for investigating the pathophysiology of dystrophic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec S T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David L Mack
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Pantic B, Borgia D, Giunco S, Malena A, Kiyono T, Salvatori S, De Rossi A, Giardina E, Sangiuolo F, Pegoraro E, Vergani L, Botta A. Reliable and versatile immortal muscle cell models from healthy and myotonic dystrophy type 1 primary human myoblasts. Exp Cell Res 2016; 342:39-51. [PMID: 26905645 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary human skeletal muscle cells (hSkMCs) are invaluable tools for deciphering the basic molecular mechanisms of muscle-related biological processes and pathological alterations. Nevertheless, their use is quite restricted due to poor availability, short life span and variable purity of the cells during in vitro culture. Here, we evaluate a recently published method of hSkMCs immortalization, relying on ectopic expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and telomerase (TERT) in myoblasts from healthy donors (n=3) and myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients (n=2). The efficacy to maintain the myogenic and non-transformed phenotype, as well as the main pathogenetic hallmarks of DM1, has been assessed. Combined expression of the three genes i) maintained the CD56(NCAM)-positive myoblast population and differentiation potential; ii) preserved the non-transformed phenotype and iii) maintained the CTG repeat length, amount of nuclear foci and aberrant alternative splicing in immortal muscle cells. Moreover, immortal hSkMCs displayed attractive additional features such as structural maturation of sarcomeres, persistence of Pax7-positive cells during differentiation and complete disappearance of nuclear foci following (CAG)7 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) treatment. Overall, the CCND1, CDK4 and TERT immortalization yields versatile, reliable and extremely useful human muscle cell models to investigate the basic molecular features of human muscle cell biology, to elucidate the molecular pathogenetic mechanisms and to test new therapeutic approaches for DM1 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Pantic
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Italy.
| | - Doriana Borgia
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Italy.
| | - Silvia Giunco
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Adriana Malena
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Italy.
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Anita De Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Unit of Viral Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV)-IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
| | - Emiliano Giardina
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Genetics Laboratory UILDM, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Italy.
| | | | - Annalisa Botta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy.
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Jun I, Chung YW, Heo YH, Han HS, Park J, Jeong H, Lee H, Lee YB, Kim YC, Seok HK, Shin H, Jeon H. Creating Hierarchical Topographies on Fibrous Platforms Using Femtosecond Laser Ablation for Directing Myoblasts Behavior. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:3407-3417. [PMID: 26771693 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Developing an artificial extracellular matrix that closely mimics the native tissue microenvironment is important for use as both a cell culture platform for controlling cell fate and an in vitro model system for investigating the role of the cellular microenvironment. Electrospinning, one of the methods for fabricating structures that mimic the native ECM, is a promising technique for creating fibrous platforms. It is well-known that align or randomly distributed electrospun fibers provide cellular contact guidance in a single pattern. However, native tissues have hierarchical structures, i.e., topographies on the micro- and nanoscales, rather than a single structure. Thus, we fabricated randomly distributed nanofibrous (720 ± 80 nm in diameter) platforms via a conventional electrospinning process, and then we generated microscale grooves using a femtosecond laser ablation process to develop engineered fibrous platforms with patterned hierarchical topographies. The engineered fibrous platforms can regulate cellular adhesive morphology, proliferation, and distinct distribution of focal adhesion proteins. Furthermore, confluent myoblasts cultured on the engineered fibrous platforms revealed that the direction of myotube assembly can be controlled. These results indicate that our engineered fibrous platforms may be useful tools in investigating the roles of nano- and microscale topographies in the communication between cells and ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indong Jun
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Woo Chung
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hoe Heo
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team , Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seop Han
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsoo Jeong
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Bin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team , Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kwang Seok
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team , Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Jeon
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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