1
|
Ehinger FJ, Hertweck C. Biosynthesis and recruitment of reactive amino acids in nonribosomal peptide assembly lines. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 81:102494. [PMID: 38936328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Reactive amino acid side chains play important roles in the binding of peptides to specific targets. In addition, their reactivity enables selective peptide conjugation and functionalization for pharmaceutical purposes. Diverse reactive amino acids are incorporated into nonribosomal peptides, which serve as a source for drug candidates. Notable examples include (poly)unsaturated (enamine, alkyne, and furyl) and halogenated residues, strained carbacycles (cyclopropyl and cyclopropanol), small heterocycles (oxirane and aziridine), and reactive N-N functionalities (hydrazones, diazo compounds, and diazeniumdiolates). Their biosynthesis requires diverse biocatalysts for sophisticated reaction mechanisms. Several avenues have been identified for their incorporation into peptides, the recruitment by adenylation domains or ligases, on-line modifications, and enzymatic tailoring reactions. Combined with protein engineering approaches, this knowledge provides new opportunities in synthetic biology and bioorthogonal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Johannes Ehinger
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eggly AS, Otgontseren N, Roberts CB, Alwali AY, Hennigan HE, Parkinson EI. A Diels-Alder probe for discovery of natural products containing furan moieties. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1001-1010. [PMID: 38711585 PMCID: PMC11070956 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) are fantastic sources of inspiration for novel pharmaceuticals, oftentimes showing unique bioactivity against interesting targets. Specifically, NPs containing furan moieties show activity against a variety of diseases including fungal infections, and cancers. However, it is challenging to discover and isolate these small molecules from cell supernatant. The work described herein showcases the development of a molecular probe that can covalently modify furan moieties via a [4 + 2] Diels-Alder cycloaddition, making them easily identifiable on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The molecular probe, which undergoes this reaction with a variety of furans, was designed with both a UV-tag and a mass tag to enable easy identification. The probe has been tested with a variety of purified furans, including natural products, methylenomycin furan (MMF) hormones, and MMF derivatives. Moreover, the molecular probe has been tested in crude supernatants of various Streptomyces strains and enables identification of MMFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa S Eggly
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Namuunzul Otgontseren
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Carson B Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Amir Y Alwali
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Haylie E Hennigan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Elizabeth I Parkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ehinger FJ, Niehs SP, Dose B, Dell M, Krabbe J, Pidot SJ, Stinear TP, Scherlach K, Ross C, Lackner G, Hertweck C. Analysis of Rhizonin Biosynthesis Reveals Origin of Pharmacophoric Furylalanine Moieties in Diverse Cyclopeptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308540. [PMID: 37650335 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhizonin A and B are hepatotoxic cyclopeptides produced by bacterial endosymbionts (Mycetohabitans endofungorum) of the fungus Rhizopus microsporus. Their toxicity critically depends on the presence of 3-furylalanine (Fua) residues, which also occur in pharmaceutically relevant cyclopeptides of the endolide and bingchamide families. The biosynthesis and incorporation of Fua by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), however, has remained elusive. By genome sequencing and gene inactivation we elucidated the gene cluster responsible for rhizonin biosynthesis. A suite of isotope labeling experiments identified tyrosine and l-DOPA as Fua precursors and provided the first mechanistic insight. Bioinformatics, mutational analysis and heterologous reconstitution identified dioxygenase RhzB as necessary and sufficient for Fua formation. RhzB is a novel type of heme-dependent aromatic oxygenases (HDAO) that enabled the discovery of the bingchamide biosynthesis gene cluster through genome mining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich J Ehinger
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sarah P Niehs
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dose
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Dell
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Krabbe
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sacha J Pidot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Kirstin Scherlach
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Ross
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerald Lackner
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Raut SK, Asha AB, Singha NK, Narain R. Ultrafast Derived Self-Healable, Reprocessable Polyurethane Elastomer Based on Dynamic “Electrophilic Substitution (ES)-Click” Chemistry. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Kumar Raut
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2G6, Canada
| | - Anika B. Asha
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2G6, Canada
| | - Nikhil K. Singha
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2G6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kawai K, Ikeda K, Sato A, Kabasawa A, Kojima M, Kokado K, Kakugo A, Sada K, Yoshino T, Matsunaga S. 1,2-Disubstituted 1,2-Dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dione as a Dynamic Covalent Bonding Unit at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1370-1379. [PMID: 35040645 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent bonds are useful tools in a wide range of applications. Although various reversible chemical reactions have been studied for this purpose, the requirement for harsh conditions, such as high temperature and low or high pH, to activate generally stable covalent bonds limits their potential applications involving biomolecules or household utilization. Here, we report the design, synthesis, characterization, and dynamic covalent bonding properties of 1,2-disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dione (TETRAD). Hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of TETRAD with furan derivatives and their retro-reactions proceeded rapidly at room temperature under neutral conditions, enabling a chemically induced sol-gel transition system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ikeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akane Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akira Kabasawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kenta Kokado
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Akira Kakugo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oligonucleotide conjugation by tyrosine‐click reaction. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
7
|
Mondal P, Jana G, Behera PK, Chattaraj PK, Singha NK. Fast “ES-Click” Reaction Involving Furfuryl and Triazolinedione Functionalities toward Designing a Healable Polymethacrylate. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prantik Mondal
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Gourhari Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Behera
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratim K. Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Nikhil K. Singha
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li W, Cai H, Huang L, He L, Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhang P. Iron(III)-Mediated Rapid Radical-Type Three-Component Deuteration of Quinoxalinones With Olefins and NaBD 4. Front Chem 2020; 8:606. [PMID: 32850638 PMCID: PMC7417774 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron(III)-promoted rapid three-component deuteration of quinoxalinones with olefins and NaBD4 is reported for the first time, which provides a novel, economic, and efficient method for the rapid synthesis of deuterated quinoxalinones. In this transformation, a radical pathway is involved according to the results of control experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanmei Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moschny J, Lorenzen W, Hilfer A, Eckenstaler R, Jahns S, Enke H, Enke D, Schneider P, Benndorf RA, Niedermeyer THJ. Precursor-Directed Biosynthesis and Fluorescence Labeling of Clickable Microcystins. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1960-1970. [PMID: 32464061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins, cyclic nonribosomal heptapeptides, are the most well-known cyanobacterial toxins. They are exceptionally well studied, but open questions remain concerning their physiological role for the producing microorganism or their suitability as lead compounds for anticancer drug development. One means to study specialized metabolites in more detail is the introduction of functional groups that make a compound amenable for bioorthogonal, so-called click reactions. Although it was reported that microcystins cannot be derivatized by precursor-directed biosynthesis, we successfully used this approach to prepare clickable microcystins. Supplementing different azide- or terminal alkyne containing amino acid analogues into the cultivation medium of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria strains, we found that these strains differ strongly in their substrate acceptance. Exploiting this flexibility, we generated more than 40 different clickable microcystins. We conjugated one of these derivatives with a fluorogenic dye and showed that neither incorporation of the unnatural amino acid analogue nor attachment of the fluorescent label significantly affects the cytotoxicity against cell lines expressing the human organic anion transporting polypeptides 1B1 or 1B3. Using time-lapse microscopy, we observed that the fluorescent microcystin is rapidly taken up into eukaryotic cells expressing these transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moschny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Robert Eckenstaler
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Heike Enke
- Cyano Biotech GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Enke
- Cyano Biotech GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Schneider
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralf A Benndorf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lossouarn A, Renault K, Bailly L, Frisby A, Le Nahenec-Martel P, Renard PY, Sabot C. Maleimide-based metal-free ligation with dienes: a comparative study. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3874-3887. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00403k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Maleimide-based Diels–Alder strategies for bioconjugation are compared in terms of dienes accessibility and stability, reactions rates, as well as products isolation and stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Axel Frisby
- Normandie Univ
- CNRS
- UNIROUEN
- INSA Rouen
- 76000 Rouen
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shen J, Xu J, Huang L, Zhu Q, Zhang P. Hypervalent Iodine(III)‐Promoted Rapid Cascade Reaction of Quinoxalinones with Unactivated Alkenes and TMSN
3. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 310036 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 310036 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Huang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 310036 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 310036 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Johann T, Houck HA, Dinh T, Kemmer-Jonas U, Du Prez FE, Frey H. Multi-olefin containing polyethers and triazolinediones: a powerful alliance. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00718k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multi-functional polyethers with ene or diene moieties were prepared via the polymerisation of tailored functional glycidyl ether monomers to create a platform for click chemistry with triazolinediones (TADs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Johann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55124 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Hannes A. Houck
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Thi Dinh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55124 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Ulrike Kemmer-Jonas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55124 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55124 Mainz
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Renault K, Fredy JW, Renard PY, Sabot C. Covalent Modification of Biomolecules through Maleimide-Based Labeling Strategies. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2497-2513. [PMID: 29954169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Since their first use in bioconjugation more than 50 years ago, maleimides have become privileged chemical partners for the site-selective modification of proteins via thio-Michael addition of biothiols and, to a lesser extent, via Diels-Alder (DA) reactions with biocompatible dienes. Prominent examples include immunotoxins and marketed maleimide-based antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) such as Adcetris, which are used in cancer therapies. Among the key factors in the success of these groups is the availability of several maleimides that can be N-functionalized by fluorophores, affinity tags, spin labels, and pharmacophores, as well as their unique reactivities in terms of selectivity and kinetics. However, maleimide conjugate reactions have long been considered irreversible, and only recently have systematic studies regarding their reversibility and stability toward hydrolysis been reported. This review provides an overview of the diverse applications for maleimides in bioconjugation, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, which are being overcome by recent strategies. Finally, the fluorescence quenching ability of maleimides was leveraged for the preparation of fluorogenic probes, which are mainly used for the specific detection of thiol analytes. A summary of the reported structures, their photophysical features, and their relative efficiencies is discussed in the last part of the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Renault
- Normandie Univ, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA (UMR 6014) , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Jean Wilfried Fredy
- Normandie Univ, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA (UMR 6014) , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Normandie Univ, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA (UMR 6014) , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Cyrille Sabot
- Normandie Univ, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA (UMR 6014) , 76000 Rouen , France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stabilization of 4-phenylurazole by electrografting on a nano-fibrillated mesoporous carbon modified electrode. Reactivity of anchored triazolinedione groups against Michael-type addition at electrode/electrolyte interface. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
15
|
Van Lysebetten D, Felissati S, Antonatou E, Carrette LLG, Espeel P, Focquet E, Du Prez FE, Madder A. A Thiolactone Strategy for Straightforward Synthesis of Disulfide-Linked Side-Chain-to-Tail Cyclic Peptides Featuring an N-Terminal Modification Handle. Chembiochem 2018; 19:641-646. [PMID: 29314620 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of straightforward and versatile peptide cyclisation methods is highly desired to meet the demand for more stable peptide-based drugs. Herein, a new method for the synthesis of side-chain-to-tail cyclic peptides with the simultaneous introduction of an N-terminal handle, based on the introduction of an N-terminal thiolactone building block, is described. A primary amine liberates a homocysteine analogue from the thiolactone building block, which further enables cyclisation of the peptide through disulfide-bond formation with a C-terminal cysteamine. Postcyclisation modification can be achieved by using small bifunctional amines. Alternatively, the synthesis of lipopeptides is demonstrated through direct thiolactone opening with long-chain alkyl amines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Van Lysebetten
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefania Felissati
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eirini Antonatou
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieselot L G Carrette
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Current address: Dept. of Molecular Biology/, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Medical Research Building, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Espeel
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Focquet
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ho HT, Bénard A, Forcher G, Le Bohec M, Montembault V, Pascual S, Fontaine L. Azlactone-based heterobifunctional linkers with orthogonal clickable groups: efficient tools for bioconjugation with complete atom economy. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7124-7128. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01807c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New azlactone-based heterobifunctional linkers that proceed in orthogonal click-like reactions for chemical ligations in biologically relevant medium without releasing any byproduct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hien The Ho
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Alexandre Bénard
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Gwenaël Forcher
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Maël Le Bohec
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Véronique Montembault
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Sagrario Pascual
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Renault K, Renard PY, Sabot C. Photophysical properties of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones: application in the preparation of an azide-based fluorogenic probe for the detection of hydrogen sulfide. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01893b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent quinoxalinones with good quantum yields were obtained and used in the preparation of a probe for the detection of H2S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Renault
- Normandie Univ
- CNRS
- UNIROUEN
- INSA Rouen
- COBRA (UMR 6014)
| | | | - Cyrille Sabot
- Normandie Univ
- CNRS
- UNIROUEN
- INSA Rouen
- COBRA (UMR 6014)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wilke P, Kunde T, Chattopadhyay S, ten Brummelhuis N, Du Prez FE, Börner HG. Easy access to triazolinedione-endcapped peptides for chemical ligation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:593-596. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08683g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A triazolinedione-precursor is directly built up from N-terminal peptide amines on resin, enabling a versatile route towards peptide–polymer conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Wilke
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - T. Kunde
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - S. Chattopadhyay
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
| | - N. ten Brummelhuis
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - F. E. Du Prez
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
| | - H. G. Börner
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Verlinden S, Ballet S, Verniest G. Synthesis of Heterocycle-Bridged Peptidic Macrocycles through 1,3-Diyne Transformations. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Verlinden
- Research group of Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Department of Bio-engineering Sciences; Faculty of Science and Bio-engineering Sciences; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research group of Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Department of Bio-engineering Sciences; Faculty of Science and Bio-engineering Sciences; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Guido Verniest
- Research group of Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Department of Bio-engineering Sciences; Faculty of Science and Bio-engineering Sciences; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Renault K, Jouanno LA, Lizzul-Jurse A, Renard PY, Sabot C. Fluorogenic Behaviour of the Hetero-Diels-Alder Ligation of 5-Alkoxyoxazoles with Maleimides and their Applications. Chemistry 2016; 22:18522-18531. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Renault
- Normandie University; CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen; COBRA (UMR 6014); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Laurie-Anne Jouanno
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Antoine Lizzul-Jurse
- Normandie University; CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen; COBRA (UMR 6014); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Normandie University; CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen; COBRA (UMR 6014); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Cyrille Sabot
- Normandie University; CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen; COBRA (UMR 6014); 76000 Rouen France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Antonatou E, Hoogewijs K, Kalaitzakis D, Baudot A, Vassilikogiannakis G, Madder A. Singlet Oxygen-Induced Furan Oxidation for Site-Specific and Chemoselective Peptide Ligation. Chemistry 2016; 22:8457-61. [PMID: 27113264 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel chemoselective ligation methodology has been developed for the facile construction of peptide-based fluorescent probes. Furan-containing peptides were activated by singlet oxygen and covalently engaged by nitrogen nucleophiles to yield stable conjugates. Singlet oxygen was compatible with sensitive amino acid residues within the peptides and a range of fluorophores, bearing different functionalities, were successfully incorporated, illustrating the broad scope of the developed strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Antonatou
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Kurt Hoogewijs
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dimitris Kalaitzakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003, Iraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Andreas Baudot
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Annemieke Madder
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
De Bruycker K, Billiet S, Houck HA, Chattopadhyay S, Winne JM, Du Prez FE. Triazolinediones as Highly Enabling Synthetic Tools. Chem Rev 2016; 116:3919-74. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin De Bruycker
- Department of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group and Laboratory
for Organic Synthesis, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Billiet
- Department of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group and Laboratory
for Organic Synthesis, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannes A. Houck
- Department of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group and Laboratory
for Organic Synthesis, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Subrata Chattopadhyay
- Department of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group and Laboratory
for Organic Synthesis, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan M. Winne
- Department of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group and Laboratory
for Organic Synthesis, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Department of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group and Laboratory
for Organic Synthesis, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gunnoo SB, Madder A. Bioconjugation – using selective chemistry to enhance the properties of proteins and peptides as therapeutics and carriers. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8002-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00808a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Both peptide and protein therapeutics are becoming increasingly important for treating a wide range of diseases. Functionalisation of theseviasite-selective chemical modification leads to enhancement of their therapeutic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita B. Gunnoo
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Carrette LLG, Gyssels E, De Laet N, Madder A. Furan oxidation based cross-linking: a new approach for the study and targeting of nucleic acid and protein interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1539-54. [PMID: 26679922 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08766j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The coming of age story of furan oxidation cross-linking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. L. G. Carrette
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - E. Gyssels
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - N. De Laet
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - A. Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mtiraoui H, Gharbi R, Msaddek M, Bretonnière Y, Andraud C, Renard PY, Sabot C. Solution and solid-state fluorescence of 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-one (HBD) borate complexes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19246g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new family of fluorescent 1,5-benzodiazepin-2-one (HBD) borate complexes was prepared in good yields, and fully characterized by means of MS, NMR and IR spectroscopy, as well as X-ray crystal structure analysis for compound 13.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Mtiraoui
- Université Monastir
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Products and Reactivity/CHPNR
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science of Monastir
- 5000 Monastir
| | - Rafik Gharbi
- Université Monastir
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Products and Reactivity/CHPNR
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science of Monastir
- 5000 Monastir
| | - Moncef Msaddek
- Université Monastir
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Products and Reactivity/CHPNR
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science of Monastir
- 5000 Monastir
| | - Yann Bretonnière
- Université Lyon
- ENS de Lyon
- CNRS
- Université Lyon 1
- Laboratoire de Chimie
| | - Chantal Andraud
- Université Lyon
- ENS de Lyon
- CNRS
- Université Lyon 1
- Laboratoire de Chimie
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Brun O, Elduque X, Pedroso E, Grandas A. On-Resin Conjugation of Diene-Polyamides and Maleimides via Diels-Alder Cycloaddition. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6093-101. [PMID: 25985351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The reaction between maleimides and resin-linked diene-polyamides allows the latter to be used in the preparation of conjugates. Conjugation takes place by reacting the insoluble, hydrophobic diene component either with water-soluble dienophiles or with dienophiles requiring mixtures of water and organic solvents. Experimental conditions can be adjusted to furnish the target conjugate in good yield with no need of adding large excesses of soluble reagent. In case protected maleimides are used, maleimide deprotection and Diels-Alder cycloaddition can be simultaneously carried out to render conjugates with different linking positions. On-resin conjugation is followed by an acidic treatment that removes the polyamide protecting groups with no harm to the cycloadduct, in contrast with the unreacted diene that is indeed degraded under these conditions. Cycloadducts incorporating suitable functional groups can undergo subsequent additional conjugation reactions in solution to furnish double conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Brun
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Elduque
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Pedroso
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Grandas
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Billiet S, De Bruycker K, Driessen F, Goossens H, Van Speybroeck V, Winne JM, Du Prez FE. Triazolinediones enable ultrafast and reversible click chemistry for the design of dynamic polymer systems. Nat Chem 2014; 6:815-21. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
28
|
Schmidt MJ, Weber A, Pott M, Welte W, Summerer D. Structural basis of furan-amino acid recognition by a polyspecific aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase and its genetic encoding in human cells. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1755-60. [PMID: 24737732 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The site-selective introduction of photo-crosslinking groups into proteins enables the discovery and mapping of weak and/or transient protein interactions with high spatiotemporal resolution, both in vitro and in vivo. We report the genetic encoding of a furan-based, photo-crosslinking amino acid in human cells; it can be activated with red light, thus offering high penetration depths in biological samples. This is achieved by activation of the amino acid and charging to its cognate tRNA by a pyrrolysyl-tRNA-synthetase (PylRS) mutant with broad polyspecificity. To gain insights into the recognition of this amino acid and to provide a rationale for its polyspecificity, we solved three crystal structures of the PylRS mutant: in its apo-form, in complex with adenosine 5'-(β,γ-imido)triphosphate (AMP-PNP) and in complex with the AMP ester of the furan amino acid. These structures provide clues for the observed polyspecificity and represent a promising starting point for the engineering of PylRS mutants with further increased substrate scope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz J Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz (Germany)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Espeel P, Carrette LLG, Bury K, Capenberghs S, Martins JC, Du Prez FE, Madder A. Multifunctionalized Sequence-Defined Oligomers from a Single Building Block. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
30
|
Espeel P, Carrette LLG, Bury K, Capenberghs S, Martins JC, Du Prez FE, Madder A. Multifunctionalized Sequence-Defined Oligomers from a Single Building Block. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13261-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|