1
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Wang H, Abe I. Recent developments in the enzymatic modifications of steroid scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3559-3583. [PMID: 38639195 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00327f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Steroids are an important family of bioactive compounds. Steroid drugs are renowned for their multifaceted pharmacological activities and are the second-largest category in the global pharmaceutical market. Recent developments in biocatalysis and biosynthesis have led to the increased use of enzymes to enhance the selectivity, efficiency, and sustainability for diverse modifications of steroids. This review discusses the advancements achieved over the past five years in the enzymatic modifications of steroid scaffolds, focusing on enzymatic hydroxylation, reduction, dehydrogenation, cascade reactions, and other modifications for future research on the synthesis of novel steroid compounds and related drugs, and new therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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2
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Gal CA, Barabás LE, Varga A, Csuka P, Bencze LC, Toșa MI, Poppe L, Paizs C. How to identify and characterize novel transaminases? Two novel transaminases with opposite enantioselectivity for the synthesis of optically active amines. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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3
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Kaličanin N, Kovačević G, Spasojević M, Prodanović O, Jovanović-Šanta S, Škorić D, Opsenica D, Prodanović R. Immobilization of ArRMut11 omega-transaminase for increased operational stability and reusability in the synthesis of 3α-amino-5α-androstan-17β-ol. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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4
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Baud D, Tappertzhofen N, Moody TS, Ward JM, Hailes HC. Stereoselective Transaminase‐Mediated Synthesis of Serotonin and Melatonin Receptor Agonists. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Baud
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Nadine Tappertzhofen
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Thomas S. Moody
- Almac Department of Biocatalysis & Isotope Chemistry 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate Craigavon BT63 5QD N. Ireland, U.K
- Arran Chemical Company Limited Unit 1 Monksland Industrial Estate Athlone Co. Roscommon Ireland
| | - John M. Ward
- University College London Department of Biochemical Engineering Bernard Katz Building London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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5
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de Queiroz TM, Ellena J, Porto ALM. Biotransformation of Ethinylestradiol by Whole Cells of Brazilian Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium oxalicum CBMAI 1996. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:673-682. [PMID: 32833111 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report our contribution to the application of whole cells of Brazilian marine-derived fungi in the biotransformation of ethinylestradiol 1. A preliminary screening with twelve marine-derived fungi strains revealed that the fungus Penicillium oxalicum CBMAI 1996 promoted the biotransformation of ethinylestradiol 1. Then, P. oxalicum CBMAI 1996 was employed in the reactions in decaplicate in order to purify and characterize the main biotransformation products of ethinylestradiol 1. Compounds 1b and 1c were characterized by NMR, HRMS, [α]D and mp. Compound 1b was also characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, kinetic monitoring of the biotransformation of ethinylestradiol 1 by P. oxalicum CBMAI 1996 was evaluated in this study in order to obtain high yields of compounds 1b and 1c with a reduction of the reaction time. In this work, we proposed a biotransformation pathway of ethinylestradiol 1, which suggests the presence of several enzymes such as phenol oxidases, monooxygenases, and ene-reductases in the fungus P. oxalicum CBMAI 1996. In summary, the rapid biodegradation of ethinylestradiol 1 and compounds 1b and 1c also has an environmental relevance, since ethinylestradiol 1 and other steroidal compounds are improperly discarded in the environment, and part of these compounds are displaced into the oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayane Melo de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Ed. Química Ambiental, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Javier Ellena
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Cristalografia Estrutural, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - André L M Porto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Ed. Química Ambiental, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil.
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6
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Enantioselective synthesis of C(9) hydroxy analogues of hederacines A and B. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Synthesizing Chiral Drug Intermediates by Biocatalysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:146-179. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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8
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Land H, Ruggieri F, Szekrenyi A, Fessner W, Berglund P. Engineering the Active Site of an (
S
)‐Selective Amine Transaminase for Acceptance of Doubly Bulky Primary Amines. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Land
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Department of Industrial BiotechnologyAlbaNova University Center SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden
- Uppsala University, Department of Chemistry-Ångström LaboratoryMolecular Biomimetics Box 523 SE-751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Federica Ruggieri
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Department of Industrial BiotechnologyAlbaNova University Center SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anna Szekrenyi
- Technische Universität DarmstadtInstitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Wolf‐Dieter Fessner
- Technische Universität DarmstadtInstitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Per Berglund
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Department of Industrial BiotechnologyAlbaNova University Center SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden
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9
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Sun Z, Zhang Z, Li F, Nie Y, Yu H, Xu J. One Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of (
R
)‐Phenylglycinol from Racemic Styrene Oxide via Cascade Biocatalysis. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zai‐Bao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomanufacturingEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Zhi‐Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomanufacturingEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Fu‐Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomanufacturingEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Yao Nie
- School of BiotechnologyKey laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P.R. China
| | - Hui‐Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomanufacturingEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Jian‐He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomanufacturingEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
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10
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Zeifman YS, Boyko KM, Nikolaeva AY, Timofeev VI, Rakitina TV, Popov VO, Bezsudnova EY. Functional characterization of PLP fold type IV transaminase with a mixed type of activity from Haliangium ochraceum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:575-585. [PMID: 30902765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent transaminases are industrially important enzymes catalyzing the stereoselective amination of ketones and keto acids. Transaminases of PLP fold type IV are characterized by (R)- or (S)-stereoselective transfer of amino groups, depending on the substrate profile of the enzyme. PLP fold type IV transaminases include branched-chain amino acid transaminases (BCATs), D-amino acid transaminases and (R)-amine:pyruvate transaminases. Recently, transaminases with a mixed type of activity were identified and characterized. Here, we report biochemical and structural characterization of a transaminase from myxobacterium Haliangium ochraceum (Hoch3033), which is active towards keto analogs of branched-chain amino acids (specific substrates for BCATs) and (R)-(+)-α-methylbenzylamine (specific substrate for (R)-amine:pyruvate transaminases). The enzyme is characterized by an alkaline pH optimum (pH 10.0-10.5) and a tolerance to high salt concentrations (up to 2 M NaCl). The structure of Hoch3033 was determined at 2.35 Å resolution. The overall fold of the enzyme was similar to those of known enzymes of PLP fold type IV. The mixed type of activity of Hoch3033 was implemented within the BCAT-like active site. However, in the active site of Hoch3033, we observed substitutions of specificity-determining residues that are important for substrate binding in canonical BCATs. We suggest that these changes result in the loss of activity towards α-ketoglutarate and increase the affinity towards (R)-(+)-α-methylbenzylamine. These results complement our knowledge of the catalytic diversity of transaminases and indicate the need for further research to understand the structural basis of substrate specificity in these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia S Zeifman
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation; Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akad. Kurchatova sqr 1, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Konstantin M Boyko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation; Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akad. Kurchatova sqr 1, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alena Yu Nikolaeva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation; Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akad. Kurchatova sqr 1, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I Timofeev
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akad. Kurchatova sqr 1, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation; FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, 119333 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana V Rakitina
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akad. Kurchatova sqr 1, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation; Shemyakin&Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir O Popov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation; Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akad. Kurchatova sqr 1, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Yu Bezsudnova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
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11
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Subrizi F, Benhamou L, Ward JM, Sheppard TD, Hailes HC. Aminopolyols from Carbohydrates: Amination of Sugars and Sugar‐Derived Tetrahydrofurans with Transaminases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Laure Benhamou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College London Bernard Katz Building London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Tom D. Sheppard
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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12
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Subrizi F, Benhamou L, Ward JM, Sheppard TD, Hailes HC. Aminopolyols from Carbohydrates: Amination of Sugars and Sugar-Derived Tetrahydrofurans with Transaminases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3854-3858. [PMID: 30690839 PMCID: PMC6492202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the major component of biomass and have unique potential as a sustainable source of building blocks for chemicals, materials, and biofuels because of their low cost, ready availability, and stereochemical diversity. With a view to upgrading carbohydrates to access valuable nitrogen-containing sugar-like compounds such as aminopolyols, biocatalytic aminations using transaminase enzymes (TAms) have been investigated as a sustainable alternative to traditional synthetic strategies. Demonstrated here is the reaction of TAms with sugar-derived tetrahydrofuran (THF) aldehydes, obtained from the regioselective dehydration of biomass-derived sugars, to provide access to cyclic aminodiols in high yields. In a preliminary study we have also established the direct transamination of sugars to give acyclic aminopolyols. Notably, the reaction of the ketose d-fructose proceeds with complete stereoselectivity to yield valuable aminosugars in high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Laure Benhamou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonBernard Katz BuildingLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Tom D. Sheppard
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
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13
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Leipold L, Dobrijevic D, Jeffries JWE, Bawn M, Moody TS, Ward JM, Hailes HC. The identification and use of robust transaminases from a domestic drain metagenome. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2019; 21:75-86. [PMID: 30930686 PMCID: PMC6394892 DOI: 10.1039/c8gc02986e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transaminases remain one of the most promising biocatalysts for use in chiral amine synthesis, however their industrial implementation has been hampered by their general instability towards, for example, high amine donor concentrations and organic solvent content. Herein we describe the identification, cloning and screening of 29 novel transaminases from a household drain metagenome. The most promising enzymes were fully characterised and the effects of pH, temperature, amine donor concentration and co-solvent determined. Several enzymes demonstrated good substrate tolerance as well as an unprecedented robustness for a wild-type transaminase. One enzyme in particular readily accepted IPA as an amine donor giving the same conversion with 2-50 equivalents, as well as being tolerant to a number of co-solvents, and operational in up to 50% DMSO - a characteristic as yet unobserved in a wild-type transaminase. This work highlights the value of using metagenomics for biocatalyst discovery from niche environments, and here has led to the identification of one of the most robust native transaminases described to date, with respect to IPA and DMSO tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Leipold
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , UK .
| | - Dragana Dobrijevic
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering , Department of Biochemical Engineering , University College London , Bernard Katz Building , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , UK .
| | - Jack W E Jeffries
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering , Department of Biochemical Engineering , University College London , Bernard Katz Building , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , UK .
| | - Maria Bawn
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering , Department of Biochemical Engineering , University College London , Bernard Katz Building , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , UK .
| | - Thomas S Moody
- Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry , Almac , 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate , Craigavon , Northern Ireland , UK
| | - John M Ward
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering , Department of Biochemical Engineering , University College London , Bernard Katz Building , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , UK .
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , UK .
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14
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Development of Biotransamination Reactions towards the 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,5-benzoxathiepin-3-amine Enantiomers. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8100470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of chiral amines is an appealing task nowadays. In this context, biocatalysis plays a crucial role due to the straightforward conversion of prochiral and racemic ketones into enantiopure amines by means of a series of enzyme classes such as amine dehydrogenases, imine reductases, reductive aminases and amine transaminases. In particular, the stereoselective synthesis of 1,5-benzoxathiepin-3-amines have attracted particular attention since they possess remarkable biological profiles; however, their access through biocatalytic methods is unexplored. Amine transaminases are applied herein in the biotransamination of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzoxathiepin-3-one, finding suitable enzymes for accessing both target amine enantiomers in high conversion and enantiomeric excess values. Biotransamination experiments have been analysed, trying to optimise the reaction conditions in terms of enzyme loading, temperature and reaction times.
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15
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Pawar SV, Hallam SJ, Yadav VG. Metagenomic discovery of a novel transaminase for valorization of monoaromatic compounds. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22490-22497. [PMID: 35539725 PMCID: PMC9081488 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02764a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The profitability of next-generation biorefineries is acutely contingent on the discovery and utilization of biocatalysts that can valorize lignin. To this end, the metabolic catalogues of diverse microbiota have been mined previously using functional metagenomics in order to identify biocatalysts that can selectively degrade lignin into monoaromatic compounds. Herein, we have further improved the valorization factor of biorefining by deploying functional metagenomics toward the identification of a novel transaminase that can selectively functionalize lignin-derived monoaromatics to produce value-added feedstocks for pharmaceutical synthesis. We implemented a high-throughput colorimetric assay using o-xylylenediamine as the amino donor and successfully identified a transaminase that utilizes the canonical cofactor, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, to aminate as many as 14 monoaromatic aldehydes and ketones. We subsequently identified the optimal conditions for enzyme activity towards the most favoured amino acceptor, benzaldehyde, including temperature, pH and choice of co-solvent. We also evaluated the specificity of the enzyme towards a variety of amino donors, as well as the optimal concentration of the most favoured amino donor. Significantly, the novel enzyme is markedly smaller than typical transaminases, and it is stably expressed in E. coli without any modifications to its amino acid sequence. Finally, we developed and implemented a computational methodology to assess the activity of the novel transaminase. The methodology is generalizable for assessing any transaminase and facilitates in silico screening of enzyme-substrate combinations in order to develop efficient biocatalytic routes to value-added amines. The computational pipeline is an ideal complement to metagenomics and opens new possibilities for biocatalyst discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip V Pawar
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjab University Chandigarh Punjab India
| | - Steven J Hallam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Vikramaditya G Yadav
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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16
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Biocatalysis for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical intermediates. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1275-1284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Buß O, Buchholz PCF, Gräff M, Klausmann P, Rudat J, Pleiss J. The ω-transaminase engineering database (oTAED): A navigation tool in protein sequence and structure space. Proteins 2018; 86:566-580. [PMID: 29423963 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ω-Transaminase Engineering Database (oTAED) was established as a publicly accessible resource on sequences and structures of the biotechnologically relevant ω-transaminases (ω-TAs) from Fold types I and IV. The oTAED integrates sequence and structure data, provides a classification based on fold type and sequence similarity, and applies a standard numbering scheme to identify equivalent positions in homologous proteins. The oTAED includes 67 210 proteins (114 655 sequences) which are divided into 169 homologous families based on global sequence similarity. The 44 and 39 highly conserved positions which were identified in Fold type I and IV, respectively, include the known catalytic residues and a large fraction of glycines and prolines in loop regions, which might have a role in protein folding and stability. However, for most of the conserved positions the function is still unknown. Literature information on positions that mediate substrate specificity and stereoselectivity was systematically examined. The standard numbering schemes revealed that many positions which have been described in different enzymes are structurally equivalent. For some positions, multiple functional roles have been suggested based on experimental data in different enzymes. The proposed standard numbering schemes for Fold type I and IV ω-TAs assist with analysis of literature data, facilitate annotation of ω-TAs, support prediction of promising mutation sites, and enable navigation in ω-TA sequence space. Thus, it is a useful tool for enzyme engineering and the selection of novel ω-TA candidates with desired biochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Buß
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 3, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Patrick C F Buchholz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Maike Gräff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Peter Klausmann
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 3, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Jens Rudat
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 3, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Jürgen Pleiss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
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18
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Kelly SA, Pohle S, Wharry S, Mix S, Allen CCR, Moody TS, Gilmore BF. Application of ω-Transaminases in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Chem Rev 2017; 118:349-367. [PMID: 29251912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chiral amines are valuable building blocks for the pharmaceutical industry. ω-TAms have emerged as an exciting option for their synthesis, offering a potential "green alternative" to overcome the drawbacks associated with conventional chemical methods. In this review, we explore the application of ω-TAms for pharmaceutical production. We discuss the diverse array of reactions available involving ω-TAms and process considerations of their use in both kinetic resolution and asymmetric synthesis. With the aid of specific drug intermediates and APIs, we chart the development of ω-TAms using protein engineering and their contribution to elegant one-pot cascades with other enzymes, including carbonyl reductases (CREDs), hydrolases and monoamine oxidases (MAOs), providing a comprehensive overview of their uses, beginning with initial applications through to the present day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Kelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast BT9 7BL, N. Ireland, U.K
| | - Stefan Pohle
- Almac , Department of Biocatalysis & Isotope Chemistry, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, N. Ireland, U.K
| | - Scott Wharry
- Almac , Department of Biocatalysis & Isotope Chemistry, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, N. Ireland, U.K
| | - Stefan Mix
- Almac , Department of Biocatalysis & Isotope Chemistry, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, N. Ireland, U.K
| | - Christopher C R Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast BT9 7BL, N. Ireland, U.K
| | - Thomas S Moody
- Almac , Department of Biocatalysis & Isotope Chemistry, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, N. Ireland, U.K.,Arran Chemical Company Limited , Unit 1 Monksland Industrial Estate, Athlone, Co. Roscommon, Ireland
| | - Brendan F Gilmore
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast BT9 7BL, N. Ireland, U.K
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19
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Hou A, Deng Z, Ma H, Liu T. Substrate screening of amino transaminase for the synthesis of a sitagliptin intermediate. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Mascotti ML, Palazzolo MA, Bisogno FR, Kurina-Sanz M. Biotransformation of dehydro-epi-androsterone by Aspergillus parasiticus: Metabolic evidences of BVMO activity. Steroids 2016; 109:44-9. [PMID: 27025973 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The research on the synthesis of steroids and its derivatives is of high interest due to their clinical applications. A particular focus is given to molecules bearing a D-ring lactone like testolactone because of its bioactivity. The Aspergillus genus has been used to perform steroid biotransformations since it offers a toolbox of redox enzymes. In this work, the use of growing cells of Aspergillus parasiticus to study the bioconversion of dehydro-epi-androsterone (DHEA) is described, emphasizing the metabolic steps leading to D-ring lactonization products. It was observed that A. parasiticus is not only capable of transforming bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one, the standard Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) substrate, but also yielded testololactone and the homo-lactone 3β-hydroxy-17a-oxa-D-homoandrost-5-en-17-one from DHEA. Moreover, the biocatalyst degraded the lateral chain of cortisone by an oxidative route suggesting the action of a BVMO, thus providing enough metabolic evidences denoting the presence of BVMO activity in A. parasiticus. Furthermore, since excellent biotransformation rates were observed, A. parasiticus is a promising candidate for the production of bioactive lactone-based compounds of steroidal origin in larger scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laura Mascotti
- Area de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, INTEQUI-CONICET, San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - Martín A Palazzolo
- Area de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, INTEQUI-CONICET, San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - Fabricio R Bisogno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, INFIQC-CONICET, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Marcela Kurina-Sanz
- Area de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, INTEQUI-CONICET, San Luis 5700, Argentina.
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21
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Fuchs M, Farnberger JE, Kroutil W. The Industrial Age of Biocatalytic Transamination. European J Org Chem 2015; 2015:6965-6982. [PMID: 26726292 PMCID: PMC4690199 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade the use of ω-transaminases has been identified as a very powerful method for the preparation of optically pure amines from the corresponding ketones. Their immense potential for the preparation of chiral amines, together with their ease of use in combination with existing biocatalytic methods, have made these biocatalysts a competitor to any chemical methodology for (asymmetric) amination. An increasing number of examples, especially from industry, shows that this biocatalytic technology outmaneuvers existing chemical processes by its simple and flexible nature. In the last few years numerous publications and patents on synthetic routes, mainly to pharmaceuticals, involving ω-transaminases have been published. The review gives an overview of the application of ω-transaminases in organic synthesis with a focus on active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and the developments during the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fuchs
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz NAWI Graz Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria E-mail: http://biocatalysis.uni-graz.at
| | - Judith E Farnberger
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), c/o University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz NAWI Graz Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria E-mail: http://biocatalysis.uni-graz.at
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22
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Abu R, Woodley JM. Application of Enzyme Coupling Reactions to Shift Thermodynamically Limited Biocatalytic Reactions. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohana Abu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Faculty of Chemical&Natural Resources Engineering, Lebuhraya Tun Razak; 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Malaysia
| | - John M. Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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23
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Richter N, Simon RC, Lechner H, Kroutil W, Ward JM, Hailes HC. ω-Transaminases for the amination of functionalised cyclic ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:8843-51. [PMID: 26194788 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01204j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential of a number of enantiocomplementary ω-transaminases (ω-TAms) in the amination of cyclic ketones has been investigated. After a preliminary screening of several compounds with increasing complexity, different approaches to shift the equilibrium of the reaction to the amine products were studied, and reaction conditions (temperature and pH) optimised. Interestingly, 2-propylamine as an amine donor was tolerated by all five selected ω-TAms, and therefore used in further experiments. Due to the higher conversions observed and interest in chiral amines studies then focused on the amination of α-tetralone and 2-methylcyclohexanone. Both ketones were aminated to give the corresponding amine with at least one of the employed enzymes. Moreover, the amination of 2-methylcyclohexanone was investigated in more detail due to the different stereoselectivities observed with TAms used. The highest yields and stereoselectivities were obtained using the ω-TAm from Chromobacterium violaceum (CV-TAm), producing 2-methylcyclohexylamine with complete stereoselectivity at the (1S)-amine position and up to 24 : 1 selectivity for the cis : trans [(1S,2R) : (1S,2S)] isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Richter
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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24
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Holzer AK, Hiebler K, Mutti FG, Simon RC, Lauterbach L, Lenz O, Kroutil W. Asymmetric Biocatalytic Amination of Ketones at the Expense of NH3 and Molecular Hydrogen. Org Lett 2015; 17:2431-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja K. Holzer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Hiebler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert C. Simon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lars Lauterbach
- Department
of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des
17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Lenz
- Department
of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des
17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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25
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Baud D, Ladkau N, Moody TS, Ward JM, Hailes HC. A rapid, sensitive colorimetric assay for the high-throughput screening of transaminases in liquid or solid-phase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:17225-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06817g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Red light for transaminases. A highly sensitive colorimetric assay using an inexpensive amine donor has been established for use in high-throughput transaminase screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Baud
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- UK
| | - N. Ladkau
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- UK
| | - T. S. Moody
- Almac
- Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry
- Craivagon
- UK
| | - J. M. Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering
- University College London
- UK
| | - H. C. Hailes
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- UK
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26
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Andrade LH, Kroutil W, Jamison TF. Continuous flow synthesis of chiral amines in organic solvents: immobilization of E. coli cells containing both ω-transaminase and PLP. Org Lett 2014; 16:6092-5. [PMID: 25394227 DOI: 10.1021/ol502712v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
E. coli cells containing overexpressed (R)-selective ω-transaminase and the cofactor PLP were immobilized on methacrylate beads suitable for continuous flow applications. The use of an organic solvent suppresses leaching of PLP from the cells; no additional cofactor was required after setting up the packed-bed reactor containing the biocatalyst (ω-TA-PLP). Non-natural ketone substrates were transformed in flow with excellent enantioselectivity (>99% ee). Features of this novel system include high-throughput (30-60 min residence time), clean production (no quench, workup, or purification required), high enzyme stability (the packed-bed reactor can be continuously operated for 1-10 days), and excellent mass recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro H Andrade
- †Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- †Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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28
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Patil JD, Korade SN, Pore DM. 1,1′-Sulfinyldipyridinium bis (hydrogen sulfate) ionic liquid: synthesis and application in the temperature-influenced synthesis of novel pyranopyrimidinediones and pyranopyrimidinetriones. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10410b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel and robust dication Brønsted acidic ionic liquid as a catalyst for the temperature influenced synthesis of novel pyranopyrimidinediones and pyranopyrimidinetriones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suyog N. Korade
- Department of Chemistry
- Shivaji University
- Kolhapur 416 004, India
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