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Shi H, Ward-Deitrich C, Ponte F, Sicilia E, Goenaga-Infante H, Sadler PJ. Photosubstitution and photoreduction of a diazido platinum(IV) anticancer complex. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39028324 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01587h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The hyphenation of HPLC with its high separation ability and ICP-MS with its excellent sensitivity, allows the analysis of Pt drugs in biological samples at the low nanomolar concentration levels. On the other hand, LC-MS provides molecular structural confirmation for each species. Using a combination of these methods, we have investigated the speciation of the photoactive anticancer complex diazido Pt(IV) complex trans, trans, trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(py)2] (FM-190) in aqueous solution and biofluids at single-digit nanomolar concentrations before and after irradiation. FM-190 displays high stability in human blood plasma in the dark at 37 °C. Interestingly, the polyhydroxido species [{PtIV(py)2(OH)4} + Na]+ and [{PtIV(py)2(N3)(OH)3} + Na]+ resulting from the replacement of azido ligands, as determined by LC-MS, were the major products after photoirradiation of FM-190 with blue light (463 nm). This finding suggests that such photosubstituted Pt(IV) tri- and tetra-hydroxido species could play important roles in the biological activity of this anticancer complex. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations show that these Pt(IV) species arising from FM-190 in aqueous media can be formed directly from a singlet excited state. The results highlight how speciation analysis (metallomics) can shed light on photoactivation pathways for FM-190 and formation of potential excited-state pharmacophores. The ability to detect and identify photoproducts at physiologically-relevant concentrations in cells and tissues will be important for preclinical development studies of this class of photoactivatable platinum drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Christian Ward-Deitrich
- LGC Limited, National Measurement Laboratory (NML), Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LY, UK.
| | - Fortuna Ponte
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cs, Italy.
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cs, Italy.
| | - Heidi Goenaga-Infante
- LGC Limited, National Measurement Laboratory (NML), Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LY, UK.
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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Abu Bakar NH, Chiu HY, Urban PL. Mass Specthoscope: A Hand-held Extendable Probe for Localized Noninvasive Sampling of Skin Volatome for Online Analysis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17143-17150. [PMID: 37935619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Human skin emits a unique set of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These VOCs can be probed in order to obtain physiological information about the individuals. However, extracting the VOCs that emanate from human skin for analysis is troublesome and time-consuming. Therefore, we have developed "Mass Specthoscope"─a convenient tool for rapid sampling and detecting VOCs emitted by human skin. The hand-held probe with a pressurized tip and wireless button enables sampling VOCs from surfaces and their transfer to the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source of quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The system was characterized using chemical standards (acetone, benzaldehyde, sulcatone, α-pinene, and decanal). The limits of detection are in the range from 2.25 × 10-5 to 3.79 × 10-5 mol m-2. The system was initially tested by detecting VOCs emanating from porcine skin spiked with VOCs as well as unspiked fresh and spoiled ham. In the main test, the skin of nine healthy participants was probed with the Mass Specthoscope. The sampling regions included the armpit, forearm, and forehead. Numerous skin-related VOC signals were detected. In the final test, one participant ingested a fenugreek drink, and the participant's skin surface was probed using the Mass Specthoscope hourly during the 8 h period. The result revealed a gradual release of fenugreek-related VOCs from the skin. We believe that this analytical approach has the potential to be used in metabolomic studies and following further identification of disease biomarkers─also in noninvasive diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hidayat Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 25 Jingguo Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 25 Jingguo Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan S. Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
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Lin YH, Tu WC, Urban PL. Kinetic Profiling of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Biocatalysts in Continuous Flow by Online Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:109-118. [PMID: 36515652 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme kinetics is normally assessed by performing individual kinetic measurements using batch-type reactors (test tubes, microtiter plates), in which enzymes are mixed with different substrates. Some drawbacks of conventional methods are the large amounts of experimental materials, long analysis times, and limitations of spectrophotometry. Therefore, we have developed a method for facile determination of enzyme kinetics using online flow-based mass spectrometry. A concentration ramp of substrate or product was created by dynamically adjusting flow rates of pumps delivering stock solution of substrate and diluent. Precise kinetic measurements were performed by reaction product quantification and initial rate calculation. In the presence of ascending substrate concentrations, the rate of a target enzyme (penicillinase)-catalyzed hydrolysis was varied. By measuring the reaction product continuously, Michaelis constants (KM) could be calculated. The enzyme kinetic measurements for hydrolysis of penicillins were conducted based on this simple, rapid, and low sample consumption online flow device. In the homogeneous reaction, the KM values for amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G, and penicillin V were 254.9 ± 14.5, 29.2 ± 0.3, 2.6 ± 0.1, and 5.4 ± 0.1 μM, respectively. In the heterogeneous reaction, the KM values for amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G, and penicillin V were 408.9 ± 75.1, 114.4 ± 8.0, 21.8 ± 0.7, and 83.3 ± 4.8 μM, respectively. Apart from enzyme assay, the showcased method for the generation of temporal concentration ramps can be utilized to perform rapid quantity calibrations for mass spectrometric analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Tu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
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4
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Liu Y, Fan Z, Qiao L, Liu B. Advances in microfluidic strategies for single-cell research. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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5
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Selvaprakash K, Chen YC. Using an insulating fiber as the sampling probe and ionization substrate for ambient ionization-mass spectrometric analysis of volatile, semi-volatile, and polar analytes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4633-4643. [PMID: 35445835 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A sharp metal needle used as the ionization emitter in conventional atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry (MS) is usually required for analyte ionization through corona discharge (i.e., gas discharge). Nevertheless, we herein demonstrate that an insulating fiber (tip diameter: 10-60 µm; length: ~ 1 cm) made of glass or bamboo can function as an APCI-like ionization emitter. Although no direct electric contact is made on the fiber, the ionization of volatiles and semi-volatiles occurs when the fiber is placed close (~ 1 mm) to the inlet of the mass spectrometer. No analyte ion signals can be observed without placing the insulating fiber in front of the mass spectrometer. The generation of ion species mainly relies on the electric field provided by the mass spectrometer. Presumably, owing to the high electric field provided by the mass spectrometer, the dielectric breakdown voltages of gas molecules in the air and the fiber are overcome, leading to the ionization of analytes in gas phase. In addition, the insulating fiber can function as a holder for sample solutions. Electrospray ionization-like processes derived from polar analytes such as amino acids, peptides, and proteins can readily occur when the insulating fiber deposited with a sample droplet is placed close to the inlet of the mass spectrometer. The feasibility of using the current approach for the detection of nonpolar and polar analytes from complex fetal bovine serum samples without tedious sample pretreatment is demonstrated in this work. The main advantage of using the suggested fiber is that the fiber can be used as the sampling probe to pick up samples and placed in front of a mass spectrometer for direct MS analysis. The application of using a robust, insulating, and disposable probe to pick up samples from real samples such as onion, honey, and pork samples followed by direct MS analysis is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppuchamy Selvaprakash
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. .,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. .,International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
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Ni HT, Prabhu GRD, Elpa DP, Chiu HY, Urban PL. Flat Disc-Shaped Sampling Probe and Online Re-extraction Apparatus for Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Skin Metabolites: A Proof of Concept. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2803-2811. [PMID: 34739241 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sweat analysis provides an alternative and noninvasive way of clinical diagnostics. However, sampling and transferring sweat-derived samples to analytical instruments is challenging. In this report, we demonstrate a method utilizing a flat disc-shaped sampling probe, and a compatible re-extraction apparatus coupled online with extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) mass spectrometry (MS). The probe enables sampling of metabolites from a skin area of ∼2.2 cm2. The subsequent online re-extraction and analysis by EESI-MS further mitigates matrix effects caused by sweat components, thus eliminating sample preparation steps. The total analysis time is only 6 min. We have optimized the key parameters of the system, including flow rate of the nebulizing gas in ESI, pressure of the nebulizing gas in pneumatic sample nebulizer, flow rate of the solvent in ESI, and composition of extractant. The standard solutions (0.1 mL) were supplemented with 0.04 M sodium chloride to mimic the matrix effect normally observed in sweat samples. The method has been characterized with four chemical standards (positive-ion mode of histidine, leucine, urocanic acid; negative-ion mode of lactic acid). The limits of detection range from 1.09 to 95.9 nmol. We have further demonstrated the suitability of the method for analysis of sweat. An attempt was made to identify some of the recorded signals by product-ion scan and accurate/exact mass matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Ting Ni
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Gurpur Rakesh D Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Decibel P Elpa
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 25 Jingguo Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 25 Jingguo Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan S. Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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A Tapered Capillary-Based Contactless Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry for On-Line Preconcentration and Separation of Small Organics. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8080111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an effective technique for the separation of different analytes. Moreover, online preconcentration of trace analytes in the capillary for CE analysis has been demonstrated. CE and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) are suitable for the separation of analytes with similar polarities. Given that CE and CEC are only used to separate small-volume samples, sensitive mass spectrometry (MS) is a suitable detection tool for CE and CEC. Contactless atmospheric pressure ionization (C-API) is a continuous flow ion source that only uses a short capillary as the ionization emitter operated at atmospheric pressure for MS analysis. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of hyphenating CE/CEC with C-API-MS by using a short and tapered capillary as the interface. The short capillary (a few centimeters) can function as the separation/preconcentration tube and the ionization emitter. This hyphenated technique can be used to analyze small organics within a few minutes. The suitability of using the hyphenated technique for online preconcentration, separation, and quantitative analysis for small organics is demonstrated in this study.
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Abu Bakar NH, Yu KC, Urban PL. Robotized Noncontact Open-Space Mapping of Volatile Organic Compounds Emanating from Solid Specimens. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6889-6894. [PMID: 33885278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is normally preceded by sample homogenization and solvent extraction. This methodology does not provide spatial resolution of the analyzed VOCs in the examined matrix. Here, we present a robotized pen-shaped probe for open-space sampling and mapping of VOCs emanating from solid specimens (dubbed "PENVOC"). The system combines vacuum-assisted suction probe, mass spectrometry, and robotic handling of the probe. The VOCs are scavenged from the sample surface by a gentle hydrodynamic flow of air sustained by a vacuum pump. The sampled gas is transferred to the proximity of corona discharge in an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source of a tandem mass spectrometer. The PENVOC has been attached to a robotic arm to enable unattended scanning of flat surfaces. The specimens can be placed away from the mass spectrometer during the scan. The robotized PENVOC has been characterized using chemical standards (benzaldehyde, limonene, 2-nonanone, and ethyl octanoate). The limits of detection are in the range from 2.33 × 10-5 to 2.68 × 10-4 mol m-2. The platform has further been used for mapping of VOCs emanating from a variety of specimens: flowers, glove exposed to smoke, fuel stains, worn medical face mask, worn clothing, cheese, ham, and fruits. The chemical maps show unique distributions of the VOCs on the scanned surfaces. Obtaining comparable results (VOC maps) using other techniques (e.g., repetitive headspace sampling prior to offline analysis) would be time-consuming. The presented mapping technique may find applications in environmental, forensic, and food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hidayat Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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9
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An assessment of quality assurance/quality control efforts in high resolution mass spectrometry non-target workflows for analysis of environmental samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Melloni ND, Bosco C, Cena G, Putzu MG, Di Vella G. Retained surgical thread and forensic investigation: Malpractice or complication? Leg Med (Tokyo) 2020; 47:101749. [PMID: 32682295 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò D Melloni
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Section of Legal Medicine, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy.
| | - Caterina Bosco
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Section of Legal Medicine, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy
| | - Greta Cena
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Section of Legal Medicine, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Putzu
- University Occupational Medicine and Hospital Occupational Hazards Unit, A.O.U Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Di Vella
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Section of Legal Medicine, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy
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Chemical labeling – Assisted mass spectrometry analysis for sensitive detection of cytidine dual modifications in RNA of mammals. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1098:56-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Elpa DP, Prabhu GRD, Wu SP, Tay KS, Urban PL. Automation of mass spectrometric detection of analytes and related workflows: A review. Talanta 2019; 208:120304. [PMID: 31816721 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The developments in mass spectrometry (MS) in the past few decades reveal the power and versatility of this technology. MS methods are utilized in routine analyses as well as research activities involving a broad range of analytes (elements and molecules) and countless matrices. However, manual MS analysis is gradually becoming a thing of the past. In this article, the available MS automation strategies are critically evaluated. Automation of analytical workflows culminating with MS detection encompasses involvement of automated operations in any of the steps related to sample handling/treatment before MS detection, sample introduction, MS data acquisition, and MS data processing. Automated MS workflows help to overcome the intrinsic limitations of MS methodology regarding reproducibility, throughput, and the expertise required to operate MS instruments. Such workflows often comprise automated off-line and on-line steps such as sampling, extraction, derivatization, and separation. The most common instrumental tools include autosamplers, multi-axis robots, flow injection systems, and lab-on-a-chip. Prototyping customized automated MS systems is a way to introduce non-standard automated features to MS workflows. The review highlights the enabling role of automated MS procedures in various sectors of academic research and industry. Examples include applications of automated MS workflows in bioscience, environmental studies, and exploration of the outer space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decibel P Elpa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Gurpur Rakesh D Prabhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pao Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
| | - Kheng Soo Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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Chen YY, Gong GF, Fan YQ, Zhou Q, Zhang QP, Yao H, Zhang YM, Wei TB, Lin Q. A novel AIE-based supramolecular polymer gel serves as an ultrasensitive detection and efficient separation material for multiple heavy metal ions. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6878-6884. [PMID: 31414697 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01177c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, ultrasensitive stimuli-responsive materials have received extensive attention due to their high sensitivity and wide applications. Herein, we report a novel approach to design ultrasensitive responsive materials by rationally introducing the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect into supramolecular polymer gels. According to this approach, by rationally introducing self-assembly moieties and a fluorophore, the obtained gelator DNS can act as an AIEgen; it showed strong AIE after aggregating into the supramolecular polymer gel GDNS. More interestingly, because the aggregation of DNS led to amplification of the detective signal, the AIE-based supramolecular polymer gel GDNS could ultrasensitively detect the heavy metal ions Hg2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ by a signal amplification mechanism; the lowest detection limits reached 10-11 M. In addition, the xerogel of GDNS could adsorb and separate Hg2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ from aqueous solution with favourable adsorption properties, and the adsorption rates ranged from 94.70% to 99.37%. Furthermore, the gel GDNS could act as a convenient test kit for Hg2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ as well as a smart fluorescent display material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
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14
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Chen T, Yao Q, Nasaruddin RR, Xie J. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Powerful Platform for Noble‐Metal Nanocluster Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11967-11977. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiankai Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
| | - Qiaofeng Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
| | - Ricca Rahman Nasaruddin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin UniversityInternational Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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15
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Chen YY, Lin Q, Zhang YM, Yao H, Wei TB, Fan YQ, Guan XW, Gong GF, Zhou Q. Rationally introduce AIE into chemosensor: A novel and efficient way to achieving ultrasensitive multi-guest sensing. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 218:263-270. [PMID: 31003051 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, ultrasensitive detection and multi-guest sensing have received extensive attention due to their high sensitivity and efficiency. Herein, we report a novel approach to achieve ultrasensitive detection of multi-analyte. This approach is concluded as "rationally introduce Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) into chemosensor". According to this approach, by rationally introducing self-assembly moiety, the obtained chemosensor DNS could serve as a novel AIEgen and show strong AIE in DMSO/H2O (water fraction 80%) binary solution. Interestingly, a simple fluorescent sensor array based on the DNS has been developed. This sensor array could selectively sense Fe3+, Al3+, H2PO4- and L-Arg in water solution. More importantly, this sensor array shows ultrasensitive detection for Fe3+, Al3+ and L-Arg. The LODs of the sensor array for Fe3+, Al3+ and L-Arg are in the range of 3.54×10-9M to 9.42×10-9M. Moreover, H2PO4- could realize the reversible detection of Fe3+ in the DMSO/H2O (water fraction 80%) solution. Meanwhile, DNS-based test papers and thin films were prepared, which could serve as test kits for convenient detection Fe3+, Al3+, and L-Arg in water. In addition, they could also act as efficient erasable fluorescent display materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China; Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China; Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
| | - You-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China; Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
| | - Hong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China; Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China; Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yan-Qing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China; Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China; Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Guan-Fei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China; Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China; Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
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16
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Chen T, Yao Q, Nasaruddin RR, Xie J. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Powerful Platform for Noble‐Metal Nanocluster Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiankai Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
| | - Qiaofeng Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
| | - Ricca Rahman Nasaruddin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin UniversityInternational Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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17
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Yin ZY, Hu JH, Fu QQ, Gui K, Yao Y. A novel long-alkyl-chained acylhydrazone-based supramolecular polymer gel for the ultrasensitive detection and separation of multianalytes. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4187-4191. [PMID: 31065658 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
By rationally introducing multi-self-assembly driving forces and coordination binding sites into the same molecule, a designed functional gelator, G, was synthesized. Next, a novel supramolecular polymer material, OGV (1% DMSO), was constructed and used for the ultrasensitive detection and separation of multianalytes in gel states. Interestingly, OGV showed a fluorescent ultrasensitive response for the Hg2+ and Fe3+ ions in water. Moreover, by introducing these metal ions into the OGV, stable metal ion-coordinated supramolecular metallogels (HgG and FeG) were formed, which could sense CN- and H2PO4- in water with high selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Yin
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
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18
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Deciphering nucleic acid modifications by chemical derivatization-mass spectrometry analysis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Chang CH, Urban PL. Automated Dual-Chamber Sampling System to Follow Dynamics of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Biological Specimens. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13848-13854. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L. Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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20
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Blaženović I, Shen T, Mehta SS, Kind T, Ji J, Piparo M, Cacciola F, Mondello L, Fiehn O. Increasing Compound Identification Rates in Untargeted Lipidomics Research with Liquid Chromatography Drift Time-Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10758-10764. [PMID: 30096227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Unknown metabolites represent a bottleneck in untargeted metabolomics research. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) facilitates lipid identification because it yields collision cross section (CCS) information that is independent from mass or lipophilicity. To date, only a few CCS values are publicly available for complex lipids such as phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, or triacylglycerides. This scarcity of data limits the use of CCS values as an identification parameter that is orthogonal to mass, MS/MS, or retention time. A combination of lipid descriptors was used to train five different machine learning algorithms for automatic lipid annotations, combining accurate mass ( m/ z), retention time (RT), CCS values, carbon number, and unsaturation level. Using a training data set of 429 true positive lipid annotations from four lipid classes, 92.7% correct annotations overall were achieved using internal cross-validation. The trained prediction model was applied to an unknown milk lipidomics data set and allowed for class 3 level annotations of most features detected in this application set according to Metabolomics Standards Initiative (MSI) reporting guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Blaženović
- West Coast Metabolomics Center , UC Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Tong Shen
- West Coast Metabolomics Center , UC Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Sajjan S Mehta
- West Coast Metabolomics Center , UC Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Tobias Kind
- West Coast Metabolomics Center , UC Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Jian Ji
- West Coast Metabolomics Center , UC Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States.,School of Food Science, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Marco Piparo
- West Coast Metabolomics Center , UC Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali , University of Messina-Polo Annunziata , Viale Annunziata , 98168 Messina , Italy
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali , University of Messina , Via Consolare Valeria , 98125 Messina , Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali , University of Messina-Polo Annunziata , Viale Annunziata , 98168 Messina , Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Polo Annunziata , University of Messina , viale Annunziata , 98168 Messina , Italy.,Department of Medicine , University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome , Via Álvaro del Portillo 21 , 00128 Rome , Italy
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center , UC Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
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21
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Zheng J, Lu C, Huang J, Chen L, Ni C, Xie X, Zhu F, Wu D, Ouyang G. Fabrication of powdery polymer aerogel as the stationary phase for high-resolution gas chromatographic separation. Talanta 2018; 186:445-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Kind T, Tsugawa H, Cajka T, Ma Y, Lai Z, Mehta SS, Wohlgemuth G, Barupal DK, Showalter MR, Arita M, Fiehn O. Identification of small molecules using accurate mass MS/MS search. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:513-532. [PMID: 28436590 PMCID: PMC8106966 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectral library search (MS/MS) is the fastest way to correctly annotate MS/MS spectra from screening small molecules in fields such as environmental analysis, drug screening, lipid analysis, and metabolomics. The confidence in MS/MS-based annotation of chemical structures is impacted by instrumental settings and requirements, data acquisition modes including data-dependent and data-independent methods, library scoring algorithms, as well as post-curation steps. We critically discuss parameters that influence search results, such as mass accuracy, precursor ion isolation width, intensity thresholds, centroiding algorithms, and acquisition speed. A range of publicly and commercially available MS/MS databases such as NIST, MassBank, MoNA, LipidBlast, Wiley MSforID, and METLIN are surveyed. In addition, software tools including NIST MS Search, MS-DIAL, Mass Frontier, SmileMS, Mass++, and XCMS2 to perform fast MS/MS search are discussed. MS/MS scoring algorithms and challenges during compound annotation are reviewed. Advanced methods such as the in silico generation of tandem mass spectra using quantum chemistry and machine learning methods are covered. Community efforts for curation and sharing of tandem mass spectra that will allow for faster distribution of scientific discoveries are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kind
- Genome Center, Metabolomics, UC Davis, Davis, California
| | - Hiroshi Tsugawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Genome Center, Metabolomics, UC Davis, Davis, California
| | - Yan Ma
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zijuan Lai
- Genome Center, Metabolomics, UC Davis, Davis, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Masanori Arita
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- Genome Center, Metabolomics, UC Davis, Davis, California
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Wu Z, Lin L, Khan M, Zhang W, Mao S, Zheng Y, Li Z, Lin JM. DNA-Mediated rolling circle amplification for ultrasensitive detection of thrombin using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11546-11549. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06934d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A DNA-mediated rolling circle amplification (RCA) strategy was established for ultrasensitive and specific detection of thrombin via MALDI-TOF MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengnan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Ling Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Mashooq Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micronalytical Methods and Instrumentation
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - Weifei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micronalytical Methods and Instrumentation
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - Sifeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micronalytical Methods and Instrumentation
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - Yajing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micronalytical Methods and Instrumentation
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - Zenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Micronalytical Methods and Instrumentation
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
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24
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Yoon S, Park S, Kim MS, Lee CY. Concomitant desalting and concentration of neuropeptides on a donut-shaped surface pattern for MALDI mass spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5688-5691. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02168f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a functional surface pattern that desalts and concentrates a highly saline solution of neuropeptides in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Yoon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwan Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Scientific Instruments Reliability Assessment Center
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Daejeon 34133
- Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Young Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences
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25
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Wu ML, Chen TY, Chen YC, Chen YC. Carbon Fiber Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Analytes in Vapor, Liquid, and Solid Phases. Anal Chem 2017; 89:13458-13465. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Li Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yu Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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26
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Jiang HP, Liu T, Guo N, Yu L, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Determination of formylated DNA and RNA by chemical labeling combined with mass spectrometry analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 981:1-10. [PMID: 28693723 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids carry diverse chemical modifications that exert critical influences in a variety of cellular processes in living organisms. In addition to methylation, the emerging DNA and RNA formylation has been reported to play functional roles in various physiological processes. However, the amounts of formylated DNA and RNA are extremely low and detection of DNA and RNA formylation is therefore a challenging task. To address this issue, we developed a strategy by chemical labeling combined with in-tube solid-phase microextraction - ultra high performance liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization - tandem mass spectrometry (in-tube SPME-UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis for the sensitive determination of DNA and RNA formylation. Using the developed method, we were able to simultaneously measure six formylated nucleosides, including 5-formyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5-fodC), 5-formylcytidine (5-forC), 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5-fodU), 5-formyluridine (5-forU), 2'-O-methyl-5-formylcytidine (5-forCm) and 2'-O-methyl-5- formyluridine (5-forUm), from DNA and RNA of cultured human cells and multiple mammalian tissues. The detection limits of these formylated nucleosides improved by 307-884 folds using Girard's P (GirP) labeling coupled with in-tube SPME-UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. It was worth noting that 5-forU, 5-forCm and 5-forUm which have not been detected in human sample before, were discovered in cultured human cells and tissues in the current study. In addition, we observed significant increase of 5-forC and 5-forU in RNA (p = 0.027 for 5-forC; p = 0.028 for 5-forU) and 5-fodU in DNA (p = 0.002) in human thyroid carcinoma tissues compared to normal tissues adjacent to the tumor using synthesized stable isotope GirP (d5-GirP)-assisted quantification. Our results indicated that aberrant DNA and RNA formylation may contribute to the tumor formation and development. In addition, monitoring of DNA and RNA formylation may also serve as indicator for cancer diagnostics. Taken together, the developed chemical labeling combined with in-tube SPME-UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis can facilitate the in-depth functional study of DNA and RNA formylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ning Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bi-Feng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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27
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Zou J, Wu C, Robertson WD, Zhigilei LV, Miller RJD. Molecular dynamics investigation of desorption and ion separation following picosecond infrared laser (PIRL) ablation of an ionic aqueous protein solution. J Chem Phys 2017; 145:204202. [PMID: 27908131 DOI: 10.1063/1.4967164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the ablation process induced by a picosecond infrared laser (PIRL) operating in the regime of desorption by impulsive vibrational excitation (DIVE) of a model peptide (lysozyme)/counter-ion system in aqueous solution. The simulations were performed for ablation under typical experimental conditions found within a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS), that is in vacuum with an applied electric field (E = ± 107 V/m), for up to 2 ns post-ablation and compared to the standard PIRL-DIVE ablation condition (E = 0 V/m). Further, a simulation of ablation under an extreme field condition (E = 1010 V/m) was performed for comparison to extend the effective dynamic range of the effect of the field on charge separation. The results show that the plume dynamics were retained under a typical TOF-MS condition within the first 1 ns of ablation. Efficient desorption was observed with more than 90% of water molecules interacting with lysozyme stripped off within 1 ns post-ablation. The processes of ablation and desolvation of analytes were shown to be independent of the applied electric field and thus decoupled from the ion separation process. Unlike under the extreme field conditions, the electric field inside a typical TOF-MS was shown to modify the ions' motion over a longer time and in a soft manner with no enhancement to fragmentation observed as compared to the standard PIRL-DIVE. The study indicates that the PIRL-DIVE ablation mechanism could be used as a new, intrinsically versatile, and highly sensitive ion source for quantitative mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zou
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - C Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4745, USA
| | - W D Robertson
- Max Plank Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 149 Luruper Chaussee, 27761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L V Zhigilei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4745, USA
| | - R J D Miller
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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28
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Berendsen BJA, Meijer T, Mol HGJ, van Ginkel L, Nielen MWF. A global inter-laboratory study to assess acquisition modes for multi-compound confirmatory analysis of veterinary drugs using liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole, time of flight and orbitrap mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 962:60-72. [PMID: 28231881 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
According to EU legislation a confirmatory method used for residue analysis should be able to confirm the identity of a compound beyond reasonable doubt. To provide an adequate instrumental set-up, Commission Decision 2002/657/EC introduced the concept of "identification points". A second aspect to assure unequivocal confirmation, is the establishment of ion ratio and retention time criteria. Currently, the gold standard for confirmatory analysis of most veterinary drug residues is liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) acquisition mode, isolating one precursor ion and monitoring two a priori selected product ions, yielding 4 identification points. We comprehensively evaluated the use of different low and high resolution LC-MS(/MS) techniques and acquisition modes with respect to the selectivity of 100 veterinary drugs in liver, muscle and urine extracts aiming to critically review the currently established identification points system. A comparison among MS/MS in SRM mode with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in full scan, all ion fragmentation and targeted MS/MS was made based on a unique inter-laboratory study, which comprises 21 laboratories from four different continents and equipment from all major vendors. In total 186 samples were analysed yielding results for 9282 analyte/matrix combinations. It was observed that the false positive rate approximately doubles if no ion ratio criterion is applied indicating that this criterion is important to prevent false positive results. Full scan HRMS analysis, only monitoring the molecular ion and allowing a ±5 ppm mass tolerance is, in general, less selective than low resolution MS/MS using SRM, and thus full scan alone is considered not sufficient for confirmatory analysis. Furthermore, even though the number of data on all ion fragmentation and targeted MS/MS at high resolution was limited, based on the data obtained, it was observed that the acquisition mode as well as the mass resolution needed, very much depend on the matrix and the compound itself. For complex matrix extracts and non-selective compounds (worst-case situation), only targeted MS/MS, monitoring the precursor ion and a single product ion in HR-MS using a maximum of ±5 ppm mass deviation, leads to comparable selectivity and false positive and negative rate as SRM monitoring two product ions in LR-MS. We conclude that the currently applied identification point system as established in commission decision 2002/657/EC should be revised with respect to the allocation of identification points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn J A Berendsen
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Thijs Meijer
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans G J Mol
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leen van Ginkel
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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29
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Dutkiewicz EP, Urban PL. Quantitative mass spectrometry of unconventional human biological matrices. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:20150380. [PMID: 27644966 PMCID: PMC5031645 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of sensitive and versatile mass spectrometric methodology has fuelled interest in the analysis of metabolites and drugs in unconventional biological specimens. Here, we discuss the analysis of eight human matrices-hair, nail, breath, saliva, tears, meibum, nasal mucus and skin excretions (including sweat)-by mass spectrometry (MS). The use of such specimens brings a number of advantages, the most important being non-invasive sampling, the limited risk of adulteration and the ability to obtain information that complements blood and urine tests. The most often studied matrices are hair, breath and saliva. This review primarily focuses on endogenous (e.g. potential biomarkers, hormones) and exogenous (e.g. drugs, environmental contaminants) small molecules. The majority of analytical methods used chromatographic separation prior to MS; however, such a hyphenated methodology greatly limits analytical throughput. On the other hand, the mass spectrometric methods that exclude chromatographic separation are fast but suffer from matrix interferences. To enable development of quantitative assays for unconventional matrices, it is desirable to standardize the protocols for the analysis of each specimen and create appropriate certified reference materials. Overcoming these challenges will make analysis of unconventional human biological matrices more common in a clinical setting.This article is part of the themed issue 'Quantitative mass spectrometry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina P Dutkiewicz
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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30
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Urban PL. Quantitative mass spectrometry: an overview. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:rsta.2015.0382. [PMID: 27644965 PMCID: PMC5031646 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a mainstream chemical analysis technique in the twenty-first century. It has contributed to numerous discoveries in chemistry, physics and biochemistry. Hundreds of research laboratories scattered all over the world use MS every day to investigate fundamental phenomena on the molecular level. MS is also widely used by industry-especially in drug discovery, quality control and food safety protocols. In some cases, mass spectrometers are indispensable and irreplaceable by any other metrological tools. The uniqueness of MS is due to the fact that it enables direct identification of molecules based on the mass-to-charge ratios as well as fragmentation patterns. Thus, for several decades now, MS has been used in qualitative chemical analysis. To address the pressing need for quantitative molecular measurements, a number of laboratories focused on technological and methodological improvements that could render MS a fully quantitative metrological platform. In this theme issue, the experts working for some of those laboratories share their knowledge and enthusiasm about quantitative MS. I hope this theme issue will benefit readers, and foster fundamental and applied research based on quantitative MS measurements.This article is part of the themed issue 'Quantitative mass spectrometry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel L Urban
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
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Ma X, Huo YX. The application of microfluidic-based technologies in the cycle of metabolic engineering. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2016; 1:137-142. [PMID: 29062937 PMCID: PMC5640795 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of metabolic engineering consists of multiple cycles of design, build, test and learn, which is typically laborious and time-consuming. To increase the efficiency and the rate of success of strain engineering, novel instrumentation must be applied. Microfluidics, the control of liquid flow in microstructures, has enabled flexible, accurate, automatic, and high-throughput manipulation of cells in liquid at picoliter to nanoliter scale. These attributes hold great promise in advancing metabolic engineering in terms of the phases of design, build, test and learn. To promote the application of microfluidic-based technologies in strain improvement, this review addressed the potentials of microfluidics and the related approaches in DNA assembly, transformation, strain screening, genotyping and phenotyping, and highlighted their adaptations for single-cell analysis. As a result, this facilitates in-depth understanding of the metabolic network, which in turn promote efficient optimization in the following cycles of strain engineering. Taken together, microfluidic-based technologies enable on-chip workflow, and could greatly accelerate the turnaround of metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ma
- College of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- College of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
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Meher AK, Chen YC. Online monitoring of chemical reactions by polarization-induced electrospray ionization. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 937:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chen SY, Wu CY, Chen YC, Urban PL. One-Step Detection of Major Lipid Components in Submicroliter Volumes of Unpurified Liposome and Cell Suspensions. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7337-43. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Ying Chen
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University
Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Wu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University
Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University
Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L. Urban
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University
Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
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Chen TR, Urban PL. Mass spectrometry-guided refinement of chemical energy buffers. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 472:20150812. [PMID: 27436961 PMCID: PMC4950186 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2015.0812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocatalytic reactions often require supplying chemical energy and phosphate groups in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Auxiliary enzymes can be used to convert a reaction by-product-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-back to ATP. By employing real-time mass spectrometry (RTMS), one can gain an insight into inter-conversions of reactants in multi-enzyme reaction systems and optimize the reaction conditions. In this study, temporal traces of ions corresponding to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), ADP and ATP provided vital information that could be used to adjust activities of the 'buffering enzymes'. Using the RTMS results as a feedback, we also characterized a bienzymatic energy buffer that enables the recovery of ATP in the cases where it is directly hydrolysed to AMP in the main enzymatic reaction. The significance of careful selection of enzyme activities-guided by RTMS-is exemplified in the synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase in the presence of a buffering enzyme, pyruvate kinase. Relative activities of the two enzymes, present in the reaction mixture, influence biosynthetic reaction yields. This observation supports the conclusion that optimization of chemical energy recycling procedures is critical for the biosynthetic reaction economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.-R. Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - P. L. Urban
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Tong H, Kourtchev I, Pant P, Keyte IJ, O'Connor IP, Wenger JC, Pope FD, Harrison RM, Kalberer M. Molecular composition of organic aerosols at urban background and road tunnel sites using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. Faraday Discuss 2016; 189:51-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00206k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic aerosol composition in the urban atmosphere is highly complex and strongly influenced by vehicular emissions which vary according to the make-up of the vehicle fleet. Normalized test measurements do not necessarily reflect real-world emission profiles and road tunnels are therefore ideal locations to characterise realistic traffic particle emissions with minimal interference from other particle sources and from atmospheric aging processes affecting their composition. In the current study, the composition of fine particles (diameter ≤2.5 μm) at an urban background site (Elms Road Observatory Site) and a road tunnel (Queensway) in Birmingham, UK, were analysed with direct infusion, nano-electrospray ionisation ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS). The overall particle composition at these two sites is compared with an industrial harbour site in Cork, Ireland, with special emphasis on oxidised mono-aromatics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-aromatics. Different classification criteria, such as double bond equivalents, aromaticity index and aromaticity equivalent are used and compared to assess the fraction of aromatic components in the approximately one thousand oxidized organic compounds at the different sampling locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Tong
- Centre for Atmospheric Science
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Ivan Kourtchev
- Centre for Atmospheric Science
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Pallavi Pant
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Ian J. Keyte
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Ian P. O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
| | - John C. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
| | - Francis D. Pope
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Roy M. Harrison
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Centre for Atmospheric Science
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
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Olaitan AD, Zekavat B, Solouki T. Evidence for electron-based ion generation in radio-frequency ionization. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:12-19. [PMID: 26757067 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Radio-frequency ionization (RFI) is a novel ionization method coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) for analysis of semi-volatile and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Despite the demonstrated capabilities of RFI MS for VOC analysis in both positive- and negative-ion modes, mechanism of RFI is not completely understood. Improved understanding of the ion generation process in RFI should expand its utility in MS. Here, we studied the possibility of electron emission in RFI using both direct charged particle current measurements and indirect electron detection in a 9.4-T Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. We show that RF-generated electrons can be trapped in the ICR cell and, subsequently, reacted with neutral hexafluorobenzene (C6 F6 ) molecules to generate C6 F6 (●-) . Intensity of observed C6 F6 (●-) species correlated with the number of trapped electrons and decreased as a function of electron quenching period. We also measured the electron attachment rate constant of hexafluorobenzene using a post-RF electron trapping experiment. Measured electron attachment rate constant of hexafluorobenzene (1.19 (±0.53) × 10(-9) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) ) for post-RF FT-ICR MS agreed with the previously reported value (1.60 (±0.30) × 10(-9) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) ) from low-pressure ICR MS measurements. Experimental results from direct and indirect electron measurements suggest that RFI process involves RF-generated electrons under ultrahigh vacuum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi D Olaitan
- Baylor University, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Behrooz Zekavat
- Baylor University, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Touradj Solouki
- Baylor University, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Waco, TX, United States
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Hsieh KT, Liu PH, Urban PL. Automated on-line liquid–liquid extraction system for temporal mass spectrometric analysis of dynamic samples. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 894:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Meher AK, Chen YC. Polarization induced electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the analysis of liquid, viscous and solid samples. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:444-450. [PMID: 25800179 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a polarization-induced electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was developed. A micro-sized sample droplet was deposited on a naturally available dielectric substrate such as a fruit or a stone, and then placed close to (~2 mm) the orifice of a mass spectrometer applied with a high voltage. Taylor cone was observed from the sample droplet, and a spray emitted from the cone apex was generated. The analyte ion signals derived from the droplet were obtained by the mass spectrometer. The ionization process is similar to that in ESI although no direct electric contact was applied on the sample site. The sample droplet polarized by the high electric field provided by the mass spectrometer initiated the ionization process. The dielectric sample loading substrate facilitated further the polarization process, resulting in the formation of Taylor cone. The mass spectral profiles obtained via this approach resembled those obtained using ESI-MS. Multiply charged ions dominated the mass spectra of peptides and proteins, whereas singly charged ions dominated the mass spectra of small molecules such as amino acids and small organic molecules. In addition to liquid samples, this approach can be used for the analysis of solid and viscous samples. A small droplet containing suitable solvent (5-10 µl) was directly deposited on the surface of the solid (or viscous) sample, placed close the orifice of mass spectrometer applied with a high voltage. Taylor cone derived from the droplet was immediately formed followed by electrospray processes to generate gas-phase ions for MS analysis. Analyte ions derived from the main ingredients of pharmaceutical tablets and viscous ointment can be extracted into the solvent droplet in situ and observed using a mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Meher
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
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Berendsen BJA, Wegh RS, Meijer T, Nielen MWF. The assessment of selectivity in different Quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry acquisition modes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:337-346. [PMID: 25391727 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Selectivity of the confirmation of identity in liquid chromatography (tandem) mass spectrometry using Q-Orbitrap instrumentation was assessed using different acquisition modes based on a representative experimental data set constructed from 108 samples, including six different matrix extracts and containing over 100 analytes each. Single stage full scan, all ion fragmentation, and product ion scanning were applied. By generating reconstructed ion chromatograms using unit mass window in targeted MS(2), selected reaction monitoring (SRM), regularly applied using triple-quadrupole instruments, was mimicked. This facilitated the comparison of single stage full scan, all ion fragmentation, (mimicked) SRM, and product ion scanning applying a mass window down to 1 ppm. Single factor Analysis of Variance was carried out on the variance (s(2)) of the mass error to determine which factors and interactions are significant parameters with respect to selectivity. We conclude that selectivity is related to the target compound (mainly the mass defect), the matrix, sample clean-up, concentration, and mass resolution. Selectivity of the different instrumental configurations was quantified by counting the number of interfering peaks observed in the chromatograms. We conclude that precursor ion selection significantly contributes to selectivity: monitoring of a single product ion at high mass accuracy with a 1 Da precursor ion window proved to be equally selective or better to monitoring two transition products in mimicked SRM. In contrast, monitoring a single fragment in all ion fragmentation mode results in significantly lower selectivity versus mimicked SRM. After a thorough inter-laboratory evaluation study, the results of this study can be used for a critical reassessment of the current identification points system and contribute to the next generation of evidence-based and robust performance criteria in residue analysis and sports doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn J A Berendsen
- RIKILT, Wageningen UR, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands,
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40
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Hu JB, Chen TR, Chang CH, Cheng JY, Chen YC, Urban PL. A compact 3D-printed interface for coupling open digital microchips with Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2015; 140:1495-501. [PMID: 25622965 DOI: 10.1039/c4an02220c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Digital microfluidics (DMF) based on the electrowetting-on-dielectric phenomenon is a convenient way of handling microlitre-volume aliquots of solutions prior to analysis. Although it was shown to be compatible with on-line mass spectrometric detection, due to numerous technical obstacles, the implementation of DMF in conjunction with MS is still beyond the reach of many analytical laboratories. Here we present a facile method for coupling open DMF microchips to mass spectrometers using Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization operated at atmospheric pressure. The proposed interface comprises a 3D-printed body that can easily be "clipped" at the inlet of a standard mass spectrometer. The accessory features all the necessary connections for an open-architecture DMF microchip with T-shaped electrode arrangement, thermostatting of the microchip, purification of air (to prevent accidental contamination of the microchip), a Venturi pump, and two microfluidic pumps to facilitate transfer of samples and reagents onto the microchip. The system also incorporates a touch-screen panel and remote control for user-friendly operation. It is based on the use of popular open-source electronic modules, and can readily be assembled at low expense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Bi Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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41
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Florentinus-Mefailoski A, Soosaipillai A, Dufresne J, Diamandis EP, Marshall JG. An enzyme-linked immuno-mass spectrometric assay with the substrate adenosine monophosphate. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:1119-30. [PMID: 25519722 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immuno-mass spectrometric assay (ELIMSA) with the specific detection probe streptavidin conjugated to alkaline phosphatase catalyzed the production of adenosine from the substrate adenosine monophosphate (AMP) for sensitive quantification of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) by mass spectrometry. Adenosine ionized efficiently and was measured to the femtomole range by dilution and direct analysis with micro-liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization, and mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). The LC-ESI-MS assay for adenosine production was shown to be linear and accurate using internal (13)C(15)N adenosine isotope dilution, internal (13)C(15)N adenosine one-point calibration, and external adenosine standard curves with close agreement. The detection limits of LC-ESI-MS for alkaline phosphatase-streptavidin (AP-SA, ∼190,000 Da) was tested by injecting 0.1 μl of a 1 pg/ml solution, i.e., 100 attograms or 526 yoctomole (5.26E-22) of the alkaline-phosphatase labeled probe on column (about 315 AP-SA molecules). The ELIMSA for PSA was linear and showed strong signals across the picogram per milliliter range and could robustly detect PSA from all of the prostatectomy patients and all of the female plasma samples that ranged as low as 70 pg/ml with strong signals well separated from the background and well within the limit of quantification of the AP-SA probe. The results of the ELIMSA assay for PSA are normal and homogenous when independently replicated with a fresh standard over multiple days, and intra and inter diem assay variation was less than 10 % of the mean. In a blind comparison, ELIMSA showed excellent agreement with, but was more sensitive than, the present gold standard commercial fluorescent ELISA, or ECL-based detection, of PSA from normal and prostatectomy samples, respectively.
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Chiu SH, Urban PL. Robotics-assisted mass spectrometry assay platform enabled by open-source electronics. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 64:260-8. [PMID: 25232666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an important analytical technique with numerous applications in clinical analysis, biochemistry, environmental analysis, geology and physics. Its success builds on the ability of MS to determine molecular weights of analytes, and elucidate their structures. However, sample handling prior to MS requires a lot of attention and labor. In this work we were aiming to automate processing samples for MS so that analyses could be conducted without much supervision of experienced analysts. The goal of this study was to develop a robotics and information technology-oriented platform that could control the whole analysis process including sample delivery, reaction-based assay, data acquisition, and interaction with the analyst. The proposed platform incorporates a robotic arm for handling sample vials delivered to the laboratory, and several auxiliary devices which facilitate and secure the analysis process. They include: multi-relay board, infrared sensors, photo-interrupters, gyroscopes, force sensors, fingerprint scanner, barcode scanner, touch screen panel, and internet interface. The control of all the building blocks is achieved through implementation of open-source electronics (Arduino), and enabled by custom-written programs in C language. The advantages of the proposed system include: low cost, simplicity, small size, as well as facile automation of sample delivery and processing without the intervention of the analyst. It is envisaged that this simple robotic system may be the forerunner of automated laboratories dedicated to mass spectrometric analysis of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hao Chiu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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Liu W, Wang N, Lin X, Ma Y, Lin JM. Interfacing microsampling droplets and mass spectrometry by paper spray ionization for online chemical monitoring of cell culture. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7128-34. [PMID: 24949883 DOI: 10.1021/ac501678q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the establishment of a microdialysis-paper spray ionization-mass spectrometry (MS) system was described. A homemade microdialysis module was employed for sampling, and microdroplets were generated at the outlet of the capillary conducting the dialysate. Online MS analysis of each microdroplet was immediately accomplished, interfacing by paper spray ionization. Analytical performance of the method was investigated and improved through the introduction of thinner capillary tubes and the optimization of spray solvent and paper substrate. For microdroplets with concentrated salt at 50 nL, the limit of detection at 0.8 ppm (or 40 pg absolute) and a highest resolution at about 1.5 s were achieved. The integrated system was applied into the online monitoring of glucose concentration in cell culture mediums. A satisfactory linearity of the calibration curve between the relative MS intensity and the glucose concentration was observed. Furthermore, as a model, hormone regulation of the glucose concentration was investigated. This work demonstrated the potential application of the label-free, online "MS sensor" into studies on cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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44
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Prosser GA, Larrouy-Maumus G, de Carvalho LPS. Metabolomic strategies for the identification of new enzyme functions and metabolic pathways. EMBO Rep 2014; 15:657-69. [PMID: 24829223 PMCID: PMC4197876 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201338283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent technological advances in accurate mass spectrometry and data analysis have revolutionized
metabolomics experimentation. Activity-based and global metabolomic profiling methods allow
simultaneous and rapid screening of hundreds of metabolites from a variety of chemical classes,
making them useful tools for the discovery of novel enzymatic activities and metabolic pathways. By
using the metabolome of the relevant organism or close species, these methods capitalize on
biological relevance, avoiding the assignment of artificial and non-physiological functions. This
review discusses state-of-the-art metabolomic approaches and highlights recent examples of their use
for enzyme annotation, discovery of new metabolic pathways, and gene assignment of orphan metabolic
activities across diverse biological sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth A Prosser
- Mycobacterial Research Division, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK
| | - Gerald Larrouy-Maumus
- Mycobacterial Research Division, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK
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45
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Wong SY, Chen YC. Droplet-based electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for qualitative and quantitative analysis. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:432-436. [PMID: 24809906 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yi Wong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
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46
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Dutkiewicz EP, Lin JD, Tseng TW, Wang YS, Urban PL. Hydrogel micropatches for sampling and profiling skin metabolites. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2337-44. [PMID: 24517117 DOI: 10.1021/ac4039338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolites excreted by skin have a huge potential as disease biomarkers. However, due to the shortage of convenient sampling/analysis methods, the analysis of sweat has not become very popular in the clinical setting (pilocarpine iontophoresis being a prominent exception). In this report, a facile method for sampling and rapid chemical profiling of skin metabolites excreted with sweat is proposed. Metabolites released by skin (primarily the constituents of sweat) are collected into hydrogel (agarose) micropatches. Subsequently, they are extracted in an online analytical setup incorporating nanospray desorption electrospray ionization and an ion trap mass spectrometer. In a series of reference measurements, using bulk sampling and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, various low-molecular-weight metabolites are detected in the micropatches exposed to skin. The sampling time is as short as 10 min, while the desorption time is 2 min. Technical precision of micropatch analysis varies within the range of 3-42%, depending on the sample and the method of data treatment; the best technical precision (≤10%) has been achieved while using an isotopically labeled internal standard. The limits of detection range from 7 to 278 pmol. Differences in the quantities of extracted metabolites are observed for the samples obtained from healthy individuals (intersubject variabilities: 30-89%; n = 9), which suggests that this method may have the potential to become a semiquantitative assay in clinical analysis and forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina P Dutkiewicz
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
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47
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Hu JB, Chen SY, Wu JT, Chen YC, Urban PL. Automated system for extraction and instantaneous analysis of millimeter-sized samples. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra48023b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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