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Sun Y, Men Y, Liu S, Wang X, Li C. Liquid crystalline elastomer self-oscillating fiber actuators fabricated from soft tubular molds. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:4246-4256. [PMID: 38747973 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00134f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The self-oscillation of objects that perform continuous and periodic motions upon unchanging and constant stimuli is highly important for intelligent actuators, advanced robotics, and biomedical machines. Liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) materials are superior to traditional stimuli-responsive polymeric materials in the development of self-oscillators because of their reversible, large and anisotropic shape-changing ability, fast response ability and versatile structural design. In addition, fiber-shaped oscillators have attracted much interest due to their agility, flexibility and diverse oscillation modes. Herein, we present a strategy for fabricating fiber-shaped LCE self-oscillators using soft tubes as molds. Through the settlement of different configuration states of the soft tubes, the prepared fiber-shaped LCE oscillators can perform continuous rotational self-oscillation or up-and-down shifting self-oscillation under constant light stimuli, which are realized by photoinduced repetitive self-winding motion and self-waving motion, respectively. The mechanism of self-oscillating movements is attributed to the local temperature oscillation of LCE fibers caused by repetitive self-shadowing effects. LCE self-oscillators can operate stably over many oscillating cycles without obvious performance attenuation, revealing good robustness. Our work offers a versatile way by which LCE self-oscillators can be conveniently designed and fabricated in bulk and at low cost, and broadens the road for developing self-oscillating materials for biological robotics and health care machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Yanli Men
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Chensha Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
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2
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Blanc B, Agyapong JN, Hunter I, Galas JC, Fernandez-Nieves A, Fraden S. Collective chemomechanical oscillations in active hydrogels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313258121. [PMID: 38300869 PMCID: PMC10861864 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313258121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
We report on the collective response of an assembly of chemomechanical Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) hydrogel beads. We first demonstrate that a single isolated spherical BZ hydrogel bead with a radius below a critical value does not oscillate, whereas an assembly of the same BZ hydrogel beads presents chemical oscillation. A BZ chemical model with an additional flux of chemicals out of the BZ hydrogel captures the experimentally observed transition from oxidized nonoscillating to oscillating BZ hydrogels and shows this transition is due to a flux of inhibitors out of the BZ hydrogel. The model also captures the role of neighboring BZ hydrogel beads in decreasing the critical size for an assembly of BZ hydrogel beads to oscillate. We finally leverage the quorum sensing behavior of the collective to trigger their chemomechanical oscillation and discuss how this collective effect can be used to enhance the oscillatory strain of these active BZ hydrogels. These findings could help guide the eventual fabrication of a swarm of autonomous, communicating, and motile hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Blanc
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Paris75005, France
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02454
| | - Johnson N. Agyapong
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02454
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY13244
| | - Ian Hunter
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02454
| | - Jean-Christophe Galas
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Paris75005, France
| | - Alberto Fernandez-Nieves
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
- Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
- Institució Catalanade Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona08010, Spain
| | - Seth Fraden
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA02454
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3
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Vasanthan RJ, Pradhan S, Thangamuthu MD. Emerging Aspects of Triazole in Organic Synthesis: Exploring its Potential as a Gelator. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:456-512. [PMID: 36221871 DOI: 10.2174/1570179420666221010094531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) - commonly known as the "click reaction" - serves as the most effective and highly reliable tool for facile construction of simple to complex designs at the molecular level. It relates to the formation of carbon heteroatomic systems by joining or clicking small molecular pieces together with the help of various organic reactions such as cycloaddition, conjugate addition, ring-opening, etc. Such dynamic strategy results in the generation of triazole and its derivatives from azides and alkynes with three nitrogen atoms in the five-membered aromatic azole ring that often forms gel-assembled structures having gelating properties. These scaffolds have led to prominent applications in designing advanced soft materials, 3D printing, ion sensing, drug delivery, photonics, separation, and purification. In this review, we mainly emphasize the different mechanistic aspects of triazole formation, which includes the synthesis of sugar-based and non-sugar-based triazoles, and their gel applications reported in the literature for the past ten years, as well as the upcoming scope in different branches of applied sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabecca Jenifer Vasanthan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Sheersha Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Mohan Das Thangamuthu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
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4
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Thermoresponsive Polymer Assemblies: From Molecular Design to Theranostics Application. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Li X, Li J, Zheng Z, Deng J, Pan Y, Ding X. A self-oscillating gel system with complex dynamic behavior based on a time delay between the oscillations. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:482-486. [PMID: 34989746 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01635k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The time delay existing between the chemical oscillation and mechanical oscillation (C-M delay) in a self-oscillating gel (SOG) system is observable in previous experimental studies. However, how the C-M delay affects the dynamic behavior of a large anisotropic SOG has not been quantified or reported systematically. In this study, we observed that the oscillation period increases with a decrease in the cross-linking density of the anisotropic SOG, and this determined whether regular mechanical oscillation occurs. Unlike before, the disrupted mechanical oscillations interestingly tend to be regular and periodic under visible light, which is an inhibitor for the B-Z reaction incorporating the Ru complex as a catalyst (Ru-BZ reaction). Moreover, the study of the C-M delay at different scales has far-reaching implications for intelligent soft actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchen Li
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Li
- Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Zhaohui Zheng
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jinni Deng
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiaobin Ding
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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6
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Tanjeem N, Minnis MB, Hayward RC, Shields CW. Shape-Changing Particles: From Materials Design and Mechanisms to Implementation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105758. [PMID: 34741359 PMCID: PMC9579005 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Demands for next-generation soft and responsive materials have sparked recent interest in the development of shape-changing particles and particle assemblies. Over the last two decades, a variety of mechanisms that drive shape change have been explored and integrated into particulate systems. Through a combination of top-down fabrication and bottom-up synthesis techniques, shape-morphing capabilities extend from the microscale to the nanoscale. Consequently, shape-morphing particles are rapidly emerging in a variety of contexts, including photonics, microfluidics, microrobotics, and biomedicine. Herein, the key mechanisms and materials that facilitate shape changes of microscale and nanoscale particles are discussed. Recent progress in the applications made possible by these particles is summarized, and perspectives on their promise and key open challenges in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Tanjeem
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Montana B Minnis
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Ryan C Hayward
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Charles Wyatt Shields
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
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7
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Mallphanov IL, Vanag VK. Chemical micro-oscillators based on the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The results of studies on the development of micro-oscillators (MOs) based on the Belousov –Zhabotinsky (BZ) oscillatory chemical reaction are integrated and systematized. The mechanisms of the BZ reaction and the methods of immobilization of the catalyst of the BZ reaction in micro-volumes are briefly discussed. Methods for creating BZ MOs based on water microdroplets in the oil phase and organic and inorganic polymer microspheres are considered. Methods of control and management of the dynamics of BZ MO networks are described, including methods of MO synchronization. The prospects for the design of neural networks of MOs with intelligent-like behaviour are outlined. Such networks present a new area of nonlinear chemistry, including, in particular, the creation of a chemical ‘computer’.
The bibliography includes 250 references.
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8
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Chemically controlled pattern formation in self-oscillating elastic shells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025717118. [PMID: 33649242 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025717118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patterns and morphology develop in living systems such as embryos in response to chemical signals. To understand and exploit the interplay of chemical reactions with mechanical transformations, chemomechanical polymer systems have been synthesized by attaching chemicals into hydrogels. In this work, we design autonomous responsive elastic shells that undergo morphological changes induced by chemical reactions. We couple the local mechanical response of the gel with the chemical processes on the shell. This causes swelling and deswelling of the gel, generating diverse morphological changes, including periodic oscillations. We further introduce a mechanical instability and observe buckling-unbuckling dynamics with a response time delay. Moreover, we investigate the mechanical feedback on the chemical reaction and demonstrate the dynamic patterns triggered by an initial deformation. We show the chemical characteristics that account for the shell morphology and discuss the future designs for autonomous responsive materials.
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9
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Zhou H, Huang H, Bahri M, Browning ND, Smith J, Graham M, Shchukin D. Communicating assemblies of biomimetic nanocapsules. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:11343-11348. [PMID: 34165134 PMCID: PMC8265773 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03170h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Communication assemblies between biomimetic nanocapsules in a 3D closed system with self-regulating and self-organization functionalities were demonstrated for the first time. Two types of biomimetic nanocapsules, TiO2/polydopamine capsules and SiO2/polyelectrolytes capsules with different stimuli-responsive properties were prepared and leveraged to sense the external stimulus, transmit chemical signaling, and autonomic communication-controlled release of active cargos. The capsules have clear core-shell structures with average diameters of 30 nm and 25 nm, respectively. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms and thermogravimetric analysis displayed their massive pore structures and encapsulation capacity of 32% of glycine pH buffer and 68% of benzotriazole, respectively. Different from the direct release mode of the single capsule, the communication assemblies show an autonomic three-stage release process with a "jet lag" feature, showing the internal modulation ability of self-controlled release efficiency. The control overweight ratios of capsules influences on communication-release interaction between capsules. The highest communication-release efficiency (89.6% of benzotriazole) was achieved when the weight ratio of TiO2/polydopamine/SiO2/polyelectrolytes capsules was 5 : 1 or 10 : 1. Communication assemblies containing various types of nanocapsules can autonomically perform complex tasks in a biomimetic fashion, such as cascaded amplification and multidirectional communication platforms in bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Zhou
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Haowei Huang
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Mounib Bahri
- Albert Crewe Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
| | - Nigel D Browning
- Albert Crewe Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
| | - James Smith
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Michael Graham
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Dmitry Shchukin
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
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10
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Hu Y, Tresback J, Pérez-Mercader J. Preparation of ruthenium-functionalized microgels through the intermolecular crosslinking of two functionalized polymers within droplets and study of their chemical/ photo-active behaviors. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Li M, Kim T, Guidetti G, Wang Y, Omenetto FG. Optomechanically Actuated Microcilia for Locally Reconfigurable Surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004147. [PMID: 32864764 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Artificial microcilia structures have shown potential to incorporate actuators in various applications such as microfluidic devices and biomimetic microrobots. Among the multiple possibilities to achieve cilia actuation, magnetic fields present an opportunity given their quick response and wireless operation, despite the difficulty in achieving localized actuation because of their continuous distribution. In this work, a high-aspect-ratio (>8), elastomeric, magnetically responsive microcilia array is presented that allows for wireless, localized actuation through the combined use of light and magnetic fields. The microcilia array can move in response to an external magnetic field and can be locally actuated by targeted illumination of specific areas. The periodic pattern of the microcilia also diffracts light with varying diffraction efficiency as a function of the applied magnetic field, showing potential for wirelessly controlled adaptive optical elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Taehoon Kim
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Giulia Guidetti
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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12
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Zhong H, Wu G, Fu Z, Lv H, Xu G, Wang R. Flexible Porous Organic Polymer Membranes for Protonic Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000730. [PMID: 32301209 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Artificial transistors represent an ideal means for meeting the requirements in interfacing with biological systems. It is pivotal to develop new proton-conductive materials for the transduction between biochemical events and electronic signals. Herein, the first demonstration of a porous organic polymer membrane (POPM) as a proton-conductive material for protonic field-effect transistors is presented. The POPM is readily prepared through a thiourea-formation condensation reaction. Under hydrated conditions and at room temperature, the POPM delivers a proton mobility of 5.7 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 ; the charge carrier densities are successfully modulated from 4.3 × 1017 to 14.1 × 1017 cm-3 by the gate voltage. This study provides a type of promising modular proton-conductive materials for bioelectronics application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guodong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Zhihua Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Haowei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruihu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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13
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Ren L, Yuan L, Gao Q, Teng R, Wang J, Epstein IR. Chemomechanical origin of directed locomotion driven by internal chemical signals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz9125. [PMID: 32426481 PMCID: PMC7195122 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz9125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetry in the interaction between an individual and its environment is generally considered essential for the directional properties of active matter, but can directional locomotions and their transitions be generated only from intrinsic chemical dynamics and its modulation? Here, we examine this question by simulating the locomotion of a bioinspired active gel in a homogeneous environment. We find that autonomous directional locomotion emerges in the absence of asymmetric interaction with the environment and that a transition between modes of gel locomotion can be induced by adjusting the spatially uniform intensity of illumination or certain kinetic and mechanical system parameters. The internal wave dynamics and its structural modulation act as the impetus for signal-driven active locomotion in a manner similar to the way in which an animal's locomotion is generated via driving by nerve pulses. Our results may have implications for the development of soft robots and biomimetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Yuan
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Rui Teng
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Irving R. Epstein
- Department of Chemistry and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
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14
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Ren L, Wang L, Gao Q, Teng R, Xu Z, Wang J, Pan C, Epstein IR. Programmed Locomotion of an Active Gel Driven by Spiral Waves. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221008 Jiangsu P.R.China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221008 Jiangsu P.R.China
| | - Qingyu Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221008 Jiangsu P.R.China
| | - Rui Teng
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221008 Jiangsu P.R.China
| | - Ziyang Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221008 Jiangsu P.R.China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221008 Jiangsu P.R.China
| | - Changwei Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221008 Jiangsu P.R.China
| | - Irving R. Epstein
- Department of Chemistry and Volen Center for Complex Systems Brandeis University Waltham 02454-9110 Massachusetts USA
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15
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Ren L, Wang L, Gao Q, Teng R, Xu Z, Wang J, Pan C, Epstein IR. Programmed Locomotion of an Active Gel Driven by Spiral Waves. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7106-7112. [PMID: 32059069 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Active media that host spiral waves can display complex modes of locomotion driven by the dynamics of those waves. We use a model of a photosensitive stimulus-responsive gel that supports the propagation of spiral chemical waves to study locomotive transition and programmed locomotion. The mode transition between circular and toroidal locomotion results from the onset of spiral tip meandering that arises via a secondary Hopf bifurcation as the level of illumination is increased. This dynamic instability of the system introduces a second circular locomotion with a small diameter caused by tip meandering. The original circular locomotion with large diameter is driven by the push-pull asymmetry of the wavefront and waveback of the simple spiral waves initiated at one corner of gel. By harnessing this mode transition of the gel locomotion via coded illumination, we design programmable pathways of nature-inspired angular locomotion of the gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Qingyu Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Rui Teng
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Ziyang Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Changwei Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, Jiangsu, P.R.China
| | - Irving R Epstein
- Department of Chemistry and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, 02454-9110, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Fan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University,
N21W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University,
N21W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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17
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Nishimura R, Fujimoto A, Yasuda N, Morimoto M, Nagasaka T, Sotome H, Ito S, Miyasaka H, Yokojima S, Nakamura S, Feringa BL, Uchida K. Object Transportation System Mimicking the Cilia of
Paramecium aurelia
Making Use of the Light‐Controllable Crystal Bending Behavior of a Photochromic Diarylethene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13308-13312. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nishimura
- Department of Materials ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyRyukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
| | - Ayako Fujimoto
- Department of Materials ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyRyukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Diffraction and Scattering DivisionJapan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Masakazu Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart MoleculesRikkyo University 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8501 Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Nagasaka
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Syoji Ito
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokojima
- School of PharmacyTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation HubNakamura Laboratory 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Kingo Uchida
- Department of Materials ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyRyukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
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18
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Nishimura R, Fujimoto A, Yasuda N, Morimoto M, Nagasaka T, Sotome H, Ito S, Miyasaka H, Yokojima S, Nakamura S, Feringa BL, Uchida K. Object Transportation System Mimicking the Cilia of
Paramecium aurelia
Making Use of the Light‐Controllable Crystal Bending Behavior of a Photochromic Diarylethene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nishimura
- Department of Materials ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyRyukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
| | - Ayako Fujimoto
- Department of Materials ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyRyukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Diffraction and Scattering DivisionJapan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Masakazu Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart MoleculesRikkyo University 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8501 Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Nagasaka
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Syoji Ito
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokojima
- School of PharmacyTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation HubNakamura Laboratory 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Kingo Uchida
- Department of Materials ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyRyukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
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19
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Zhou C, Chen X, Han Z, Wang W. Photochemically Excited, Pulsating Janus Colloidal Motors of Tunable Dynamics. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4064-4072. [PMID: 30916919 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous periodicity is widely found in many biological and synthetic systems, and designing colloidal motors that mimic this feature may not only facilitate our understanding of how complexity emerges but also enable applications that benefit from a time-varying activity. However, there is so far no report on a colloidal motor system that shows controllable and spontaneous oscillation in speeds. Inspired by previous studies of oscillating silver microparticles, we report silver-poly(methyl methacrylate) microsphere Janus colloidal motors that moved, interacted with tracers, and exhibited negative gravitaxis all in an oscillatory fashion. Its dynamics, including pulsating speeds and magnitude, as well as whether moving forward in a pulsating or continuous mode, can be systematically modulated by varying chemical concentrations, light intensity, and the way light was applied. A qualitative mechanism is proposed to link the oscillation of Janus colloidal motors to ionic diffusiophoresis, while nonlinearity is suspected to arise from a sequence of autocatalytic decomposition of AgCl and its slow buildup in the presence of H2O2 and light. The generation of light-absorbing Ag nanoparticles is suspected to be the key. This study therefore establishes a robust model system of chemically driven, oscillatory colloidal motors with clear directionality, good tunability, and an improved mechanism, with which complex, emergent phenomena can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Zhiyang Han
- School of Computer Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
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20
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Zhou H, Chen M, Liu Y, Wu S. Stimuli-Responsive Ruthenium-Containing Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800372. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhou
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering; Xi’an Technological University; Xi’an 710021 P. R. China
| | - Mingsen Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz Germany
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Guilin University of Technology; Guilin 541004 China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Guilin University of Technology; Guilin 541004 China
| | - Si Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz Germany
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
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21
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Hu Y, Pérez-Mercader J. Microfluidics Fabrication of Self-Oscillating Microgel Clusters with Tailored Temperature-Responsive Properties Using Polymersomes as "Microreactors". LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:14058-14065. [PMID: 29137458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based microgel clusters were successfully prepared using polymersomes as "microreactors", which were fabricated through microfluidics. The clusters were formed from the cross-linking reaction between ruthenium/amino group dual functionalized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels and linear poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-r-(N-acryloxysuccinimide)-based polymer linkers under neutral pH conditions. By simply adjusting the ratio of N-isopropylacrylamide to N-acryloxysuccinimide in the polymer cross-linkers, the internal structures of the clusters can be controlled; hence, the temperature response of the clusters can be regulated. It was demonstrated that these different microgel clusters showed various degrees of chemomechanical oscillations when the clusters were exposed to a catalyst-free solution containing Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandu Hu
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Juan Pérez-Mercader
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, United States
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22
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Jaggers RW, Bon SAF. Communication between hydrogel beads via chemical signalling. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8681-8685. [PMID: 32264261 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02278f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate chemical communication between millimetre-sized soft hydrogel beads in an aqueous environment. Silver cations (Ag+) and the Ag+ chelator dithiothreitol (DTT) are used as signalling molecules. By exploiting their interplay, we conduct a series of 'conversations' between millimetre-sized beads. The communication process is monitored by tracking the response and behaviour of a central bead. This bead is loaded with the enzyme urease and has the ability to undergo a change in colour associated with a change in pH. Competitive communication between three beads, whereby the central bead receives two competing signals from two senders, is shown. We believe that our hydrogel-based system demonstrates an advance in the communication capabilities of small soft matter objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross W Jaggers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, C47 7AL, UK.
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23
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Isakova A, Novakovic K. Oscillatory chemical reactions in the quest for rhythmic motion of smart materials. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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24
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Altemose A, Sánchez‐Farrán MA, Duan W, Schulz S, Borhan A, Crespi VH, Sen A. Chemically Controlled Spatiotemporal Oscillations of Colloidal Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7817-7821. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Altemose
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | | | - Wentao Duan
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Steve Schulz
- Manheim Township High School Lancaster PA 17606 USA
| | - Ali Borhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Vincent H. Crespi
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, and Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Ayusman Sen
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
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25
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Altemose A, Sánchez‐Farrán MA, Duan W, Schulz S, Borhan A, Crespi VH, Sen A. Chemically Controlled Spatiotemporal Oscillations of Colloidal Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Altemose
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | | | - Wentao Duan
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Steve Schulz
- Manheim Township High School Lancaster PA 17606 USA
| | - Ali Borhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Vincent H. Crespi
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, and Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Ayusman Sen
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
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26
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Fang Y, Yashin VV, Levitan SP, Balazs AC. Designing self-powered materials systems that perform pattern recognition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03119j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the advances in both materials and computer science, we describe efforts to design “materials that compute” where the material and the computer are the same entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Victor V. Yashin
- Chemical Engineering Department
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Steven P. Levitan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Anna C. Balazs
- Chemical Engineering Department
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
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27
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Merindol R, Walther A. Materials learning from life: concepts for active, adaptive and autonomous molecular systems. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:5588-5619. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00738d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A broad overview of functional aspects in biological and synthetic out-of-equilibrium systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Merindol
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg
- 79106 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg
- 79106 Freiburg
- Germany
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28
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Darabi A, Jessop PG, Cunningham MF. CO2-responsive polymeric materials: synthesis, self-assembly, and functional applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4391-436. [PMID: 27284587 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00873e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CO2 is an ideal trigger for switchable or stimuli-responsive materials because it is benign, inexpensive, green, abundant, and does not accumulate in the system. Many different CO2-responsive materials including polymers, latexes, solvents, solutes, gels, surfactants, and catalysts have been prepared. This review focuses on the preparation, self-assembly, and functional applications of CO2-responsive polymers. Detailed discussion is provided on the synthesis of CO2-responsive polymers, in particular using reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), formerly known as controlled/living radical polymerization (CLRP), a powerful technique for the preparation of well-defined (co)polymers with precise control over molecular weight distribution, chain-end functional groups, and polymer architectural design. Self-assembly in aqueous dispersed media is highlighted as well as emerging potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Darabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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29
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Cao ZQ, Wang GJ. Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Materials: Particles, Films, and Bulk Gels. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1398-435. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Quan Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 P. R. China
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30
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Mehdi H, Pang H, Gong W, Dhinakaran MK, Wajahat A, Kuang X, Ning G. A novel smart supramolecular organic gelator exhibiting dual-channel responsive sensing behaviours towards fluoride ion via gel–gel states. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5956-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00600k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A smart organic gelator G-16 showed robust gelation as organogel OG and metallogel OG-Zn. Both OG and OG-Zn exhibited different sensing mode towards F−. OG-Zn displayed unique selectivity for F− and formed OG-Zn-F gel while OG selectively formed OG-F gel via AIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mehdi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 610023
- PR. China
| | - Hongchang Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 610023
- PR. China
| | - Weitao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 610023
- PR. China
| | | | - Ali Wajahat
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 610023
- PR. China
| | - Xiaojun Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 610023
- PR. China
| | - Guiling Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 610023
- PR. China
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31
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Horváth J. Synergistic Chemomechanical Oscillators: Periodic Gel Actuators without Oscillatory Chemical Reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201500034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Horváth
- Institute of Chemistry; Eötvös Loránd University; P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112 Budapest Hungary
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal; CNRS; 115 avenue Albert Schweitzer F-33600 Pessac France
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32
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Yashin VV, Kolmakov GV, Shum H, Balazs AC. Designing Synthetic Microcapsules That Undergo Biomimetic Communication and Autonomous Motion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:11951-11963. [PMID: 26218608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the collective behavior of slime molds and amoebas, we designed synthetic cell-like objects that move and self-organize in response to self-generated chemical gradients, thereby exhibiting autochemotaxis. Using computational modeling, we specifically focused on microcapsules that encompass a permeable shell and are localized on an adhesive surface in solution. Lacking any internal machinery, these spherical, fluid-filled shells might resemble the earliest protocells. Our microcapsules do, however, encase particles that can diffuse through the outer shell and into the surrounding fluid. The released particles play two important, physically realizable roles: (1) they affect the permeability of neighboring capsules and (2) they generate adhesion gradients on the underlying surface. Due to feedback mechanisms provided by the released particles, the self-generated adhesion gradients, and hydrodynamic interactions, the capsules undergo collective, self-sustained motion and even exhibit antlike tracking behavior. With the introduction of a chemically patterned stripe on the surface, a triad of capsules can be driven to pick up four-capsule cargo, transport this cargo, and drop off this payload at a designated site. We also modeled a system where the released particles give rise to a particular cycle of negative feedback loops (mimicking the "repressilator" network), which regulates the production of chemicals within the capsules and hence their release into the solution. By altering the system parameters, three capsules could be controllably driven to self-organize into a stable, close-packed triad that would either translate as a group or remain stationary. Moreover, the stationary triads could be made to switch off after assembly and thus produce minimal quantities of chemicals. Taken together, our models allow us to design a rich variety of self-propelled structures that achieve complex, cooperative behavior through fundamental physicochemical phenomena. The studies can also shed light on factors that enable individual protocells to communicate and self-assemble into larger communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Yashin
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - German V Kolmakov
- Physics Department, New York City College of Technology , Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Henry Shum
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Anna C Balazs
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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33
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Yasui D, Yamashita H, Yamamoto D, Shioi A. Cation-Dependent Emergence of Regular Motion of a Float. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:11005-11011. [PMID: 26393274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a unique ion-dependent motion of a float at an oil/water interface. The type of motion depended on the cation species that was dissolved in the water. Irregular vibrations occurred when the water contained Ca(2+), back-and-forth motion occurred when the water contained Fe(2+), a type of motion intermediate between these occurred when the water contained Mn(2+), and intermittent long-distance travel occurred when the water contained Fe(3+). This is one of the simplest systems that can be used to show how macroscopic regular motion emerges depending on specific chemicals, which is one of the central issues in the study of biological and biomimetic motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yasui
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Doshisha University , 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamashita
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Doshisha University , 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Daigo Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Doshisha University , 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Akihisa Shioi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Doshisha University , 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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34
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Shum H, Yashin VV, Balazs AC. Self-assembly of microcapsules regulated via the repressilator signaling network. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:3542-9. [PMID: 25793655 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00201j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the intriguing challenges in designing active matter is devising systems that not only self-organize, but also exhibit self-regulation. Inspired by biological regulatory networks, we design a collection of self-organizing, self-regulating microcapsules that move in response to self-generated chemical signals. Three microcapsules act as localized sources of distinct chemicals that diffuse through surrounding fluid. Production rates are modulated by the "repressilator" regulatory network motif: each chemical species represses the production of the next in a cycle. Depending on the maximum production rates and capsule separation distances, we show that immobile capsules either exhibit steady or oscillatory chemical production. We then consider movement of the microcapsules over the substrate, induced by gradients in surface energy due to adsorbed chemicals. We numerically simulate this advection-diffusion-reaction system with solid-fluid interactions by combining lattice Boltzmann, immersed boundary and finite difference methods, and thereby, construct systems where the three capsules spontaneously assemble to form a close-packed triad. Chemical oscillations are shown to be critical to this assembly. By adjusting parameters, the triad can either remain stationary or translate as a cohesive group. Stationary triads can also be made to "turn off", producing chemicals at minimal rates after assembly. These findings provide design rules for creating synthetic material systems that encompass biomimetic feedback loops, which enable dynamic collective behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Shum
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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35
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Kuksenok O, Balazs AC. Designing Dual-functionalized Gels for Self-reconfiguration and Autonomous Motion. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9569. [PMID: 25924823 PMCID: PMC5386209 DOI: 10.1038/srep09569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human motion is enabled by the concerted expansion and contraction of interconnected muscles that are powered by inherent biochemical reactions. One of the challenges in the field of biomimicry is eliciting this form of motion from purely synthetic materials, which typically do not generate internalized reactions to drive mechanical action. Moreover, for practical applications, this bio-inspired motion must be readily controllable. Herein, we develop a computational model to design a new class of polymer gels where structural reconfigurations and internalized reactions are intimately linked to produce autonomous motion, which can be directed with light. These gels contain both spirobenzopyran (SP) chromophores and the ruthenium catalysts that drive the oscillatory Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. Importantly, both the SP moieties and the BZ reaction are photosensitive. When these dual-functionalized gels are exposed to non-uniform illumination, the localized contraction of the gel (due to the SP moieties) in the presence of traveling chemical waves (due to the BZ reaction) leads to new forms of spontaneous, self-sustained movement, which cannot be achieved by either of the mono-functionalized networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kuksenok
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh. PA 15261, USA
| | - Anna C. Balazs
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh. PA 15261, USA
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36
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Zhou H, Zheng Z, Wang Q, Xu G, Li J, Ding X. A modular approach to self-oscillating polymer systems driven by the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13852j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review explores the principle, modular construction, integral control and engineering aspects of self-oscillating polymer systems driven by the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhou
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an Technological University
- Xi'an 710032
- P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Zheng
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
| | - Qiguan Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an Technological University
- Xi'an 710032
- P. R. China
| | - Guohe Xu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Ding
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
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37
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Ramakanth I, Pištora J. pH sensitive smart gels of cetylpyridinium chloride in binary solvent mixtures: phase behaviour, structure and composition. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03478g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Figure showing the effect of pH on CPC gel formation at 25 °C and fluorescence emission spectra of CPC solutions at pH ∼ 11.8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illa Ramakanth
- Nanotechnology Centre
- VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava
- Ostrava
- Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jaromír Pištora
- Nanotechnology Centre
- VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava
- Ostrava
- Czech Republic
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38
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Deb D, Kuksenok O, Balazs AC. Using light to control the interactions between self-rotating assemblies of active gels. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Sun Z, Huang Q, He T, Li Z, Zhang Y, Yi L. Multistimuli-responsive supramolecular gels: design rationale, recent advances, and perspectives. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:2421-30. [PMID: 24953044 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript presents a brief overview of recent advances in multistimuli-responsive supramolecular gels (MRSGs). The synthesis of MRSGs with faster and smarter responsive abilities to a variety of external stimuli, such as redox reagents, pH changes, ligands, and coupling reagents, is one key issue for the upgrade of current molecular motors, signal sensors, shape memory devices, drug delivery systems, display devices, and other devices. However, the design rules of MRSGs are still not well understood. The lack of information about the relationship between the spatial structure and gelation behavior of existing gelators means that the knowledge required to design new gelators by the addition of functional moieties to well-known gelators is lacking. Insights into the gelation pathway of known gelators may bring inspiration to researchers who want to exploit elegant designs and specific building blocks to obtain their own MRSGs with predictable stimuli-responsive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 (China)
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40
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Abstract
Stimuli-responsive gels are vital components in the next generation of smart devices, which can sense and dynamically respond to changes in the local environment and thereby exhibit more autonomous functionality. We describe recently developed computational methods for simulating the properties of such stimuli-responsive gels in the presence of optical, chemical, and thermal gradients. Using these models, we determine how to harness light to drive shape changes and directed motion in spirobenzopyran-containing gels. Focusing on oscillating gels undergoing the Belousov-Zhabotinksy reaction, we demonstrate that these materials can spontaneously form self-rotating assemblies, or pinwheels. Finally, we model temperature-sensitive gels that encompass chemically reactive filaments to optimize the performance of this system as a homeostatic device for regulating temperature. These studies could facilitate the development of soft robots that autonomously interconvert chemical and mechanical energy and thus perform vital functions without the continuous need of external power sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kuksenok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Debabrata Deb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Pratyush Dayal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
- Present address: Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar 382424, India
| | - Anna C. Balazs
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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41
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Dayal P, Kuksenok O, Balazs AC. Directing the Behavior of Active, Self-Oscillating Gels with Light. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402430b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratyush Dayal
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Olga Kuksenok
- Chemical
Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Anna C. Balazs
- Chemical
Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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42
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Yuan L, Yang T, Liu Y, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Zheng J, Gao Q. pH Oscillations and Mechanistic Analysis in the Hydrogen Peroxide–Sulfite–Thiourea Reaction System. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:2702-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp500627z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yuan
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Ying Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yuemin Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Juhua Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Qingyu Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
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43
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Zhou H, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Ding X, Peng Y. Periodic auto-active gels with topologically “polyrotaxane-interlocked” structures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6372-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01169d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Epstein IR. Coupled chemical oscillators and emergent system properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10758-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00290c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We review recent work on a variety of systems, from the nanometre to the centimetre scale, including microemulsions, microfluidic droplet arrays, gels and flow reactors, in which chemical oscillators interact to generate novel spatiotemporal patterns and/or mechanical motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving R. Epstein
- Department of Chemistry and Volen National Center for Complex Systems
- MS 015
- Brandeis University
- Waltham, USA
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