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Dannaoui R, Hu R, Hu L, Tian ZQ, Svir I, Huang WH, Amatore C, Oleinick A. Vesicular neurotransmitters exocytosis monitored by amperometry: theoretical quantitative links between experimental current spikes shapes and intravesicular structures. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04003a. [PMID: 39129778 PMCID: PMC11310864 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Single cell amperometry has proven to be a powerful and well-established method for characterizing single vesicular exocytotic events elicited at the level of excitable cells under various experimental conditions. Nevertheless, most of the reported characteristics are descriptive, being mostly concerned with the morphological characteristics of the recorded current spikes (maximum current intensities, released charge, rise and fall times, etc.) which are certainly important but do not provide sufficient kinetic information on exocytotic mechanisms due to lack of quantitative models. Here, continuing our previous efforts to provide rigorous models rationalizing the kinetic structures of frequently encountered spike types (spikes with unique exponential decay tails and kiss-and-run events), we describe a new theoretical approach enabling a quantitative kinetic modeling of all types of exocytotic events giving rise to current spikes exhibiting exponential decay tails. This model follows directly from the fact that the condensation of long intravesicular polyelectrolytic strands by high concentrations of monocationic neurotransmitter molecules leads to a matrix structure involving two compartments in constant kinetic exchanges during release. This kinetic model has been validated theoretically (direct and inverse problems) and its experimental interest established by the analysis of the amperometric spikes relative to chromaffin and PC12 cells previously published by some of us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Dannaoui
- Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 24 rue Lhomond Paris 75005 France
| | - Ren Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Lihui Hu
- Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 24 rue Lhomond Paris 75005 France
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Irina Svir
- Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 24 rue Lhomond Paris 75005 France
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P.R. China
| | - Christian Amatore
- Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 24 rue Lhomond Paris 75005 France
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Alexander Oleinick
- Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 24 rue Lhomond Paris 75005 France
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2
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Yang XK, Zhang FL, Jin XK, Jiao YT, Zhang XW, Liu YL, Amatore C, Huang WH. Nanoelectrochemistry reveals how soluble Aβ 42 oligomers alter vesicular storage and release of glutamate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219994120. [PMID: 37126689 PMCID: PMC10175745 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219994120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) is the major excitatory transmitter in the nervous system. Impairment of its vesicular release by β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers is thought to participate in pathological processes leading to Alzheimer's disease. However, it remains unclear whether soluble Aβ42 oligomers affect intravesicular amounts of Glu or their release in the brain, or both. Measurements made in this work on single Glu varicosities with an amperometric nanowire Glu biosensor revealed that soluble Aβ42 oligomers first caused a dramatic increase in vesicular Glu storage and stimulation-induced release, accompanied by a high level of parallel spontaneous exocytosis, ultimately resulting in the depletion of intravesicular Glu content and greatly reduced release. Molecular biology tools and mouse models of Aβ amyloidosis have further established that the transient hyperexcitation observed during the primary pathological stage is mediated by an altered behavior of VGLUT1 responsible for transporting Glu into synaptic vesicles. Thereafter, an overexpression of Vps10p-tail-interactor-1a, a protein that maintains spontaneous release of neurotransmitters by selective interaction with t-SNAREs, resulted in a depletion of intravesicular Glu content, triggering advanced-stage neuronal malfunction. These findings are expected to open perspectives for remediating Aβ42-induced neuronal hyperactivity and neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ke Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ke Jin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Jiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Christian Amatore
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, People’s Republic of China
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Lettre Research University, Sorbonne University, & University Pierre and Marie Curie, 0675005Paris, France
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang X, Ewing AG. Pore-Opening Dynamics of Single Nanometer Biovesicles at an Electrified Interface. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9852-9858. [PMID: 35647887 PMCID: PMC9245343 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Release from nanobiovesicles via a pore generated by membrane electroporation at an electrified interface can be monitored by vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry (VIEC) and provides rich information about the various vesicular content transfer processes, including content homeostasis, intraphase content transfer, or the transient fusion of vesicles. These processes are primarily influenced by the vesicular pore-opening dynamics at the electrified interface which has not been disclosed at the single nanobiovesicle level yet. In this work, after simultaneously measuring the size and release dynamics of individual vesicles, we employed a moving mesh-finite element simulation algorithm to reconstruct the accurate pore-opening dynamics of individual vesicles with different sizes during VIEC. We investigated the expansion times and maximal pore sizes as two characteristics of different vesicles. The pore expansion times between nanobiovesicles and pure lipid liposomes were compared, and that of the nanobiovesicles is much longer than that for the liposomes, 2.1 ms vs 0.18 ms, respectively, which reflects the membrane proteins limiting the electroporation process. For the vesicles with different sizes, a positive relationship of pore size (Rp,max) with the vesicle size (Rves) and also their ratio (Rp,max/Rves) versus the vesicle sizes is observed. The mechanism of the pore size determination is discussed and related to the membrane proteins and the vesicle size. This work accurately describes the dynamic pore-opening process of individual vesicles which discloses the heterogeneity in electroporation of different sized vesicles. This should allow us to examine the more complicated vesicular content transfer process between intravesicular compartments.
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Bouret Y, Guille-Collignon M, Lemaître F. Simulations of amperometric monitoring of exocytosis: moderate pH variations within the cell-electrode cleft with the buffer diffusion. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6769-6776. [PMID: 34120197 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Amperometry with ultramicroelectrodes is nowadays a routine technique to investigate neurotransmitter secretion by vesicular exocytosis at the single-cell level. This electroanalytical tool allows one to understand many aspects of the vesicular release in terms of mechanisms. However, the electrochemical detection relies on the oxidation of released neurotransmitters that produce 2H+ and thus the possible acidification of the cell-electrode cleft. In a previous work, we considered a model involving the H+ diffusion or/and its reaction with buffer species. In this article, we report a more general model which takes into account the ability of buffer species to move and to be regenerated within the cell-electrode cleft. As a consequence, the pH within the cleft is still equal to its physiological value regardless of the electrochemical detection of the vesicular release for usual exocytotic cell frequencies. This confirms that amperometry at the single-cell level is a very robust technique for investigating vesicular exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Bouret
- CNRS-UMR 7010 Institut de Physique de Nice, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Av. Joseph Vallot, 06100, Nice, France
| | - Manon Guille-Collignon
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.
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5
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Barlow ST, Figueroa B, Fu D, Zhang B. Membrane Tension Modifies Redox Loading and Release in Single Liposome Electroanalysis. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3876-3882. [PMID: 33596378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present a study of how liposomes are loaded and release their contents during their electrochemical detection. We loaded 200 nm liposomes with a redox mediator, ferrocyanide, and used amperometry to detect their collision on a carbon-fiber microelectrode (CFE). We found that we could control the favorability of their electroporation process and the amount of ferrocyanide released by modifying the osmolarity of the buffer in which the liposomes were suspended. Interestingly, we observed that the quantity of the released ferrocyanide varied significantly with buffer osmolarity in a nonmonotonic fashion. Using stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), we confirmed that this behavior was partly explained by fluctuations in the intravesicular redox concentration in response to osmotic pressure. To our surprise, the redox concentration obtained from SRS was much greater than that obtained from amperometry, implying that liposomes may release only a fraction of their contents during electroporation. Consistent with this hypothesis, we observed barrages of electrochemical signals that far exceeded the frequency predicted by Poisson statistics, suggesting that single liposomes can collide with the CFE and electroporate multiple times. With this study, we have resolved some outstanding questions surrounding electrochemical detection of liposomes while extending observations from giant unilamellar vesicles to 200 nm liposomes with high temporal resolution and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Barlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Benjamin Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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Gu C, Zhang X, Ewing AG. Comparison of Disk and Nanotip Electrodes for Measurement of Single-Cell Amperometry during Exocytotic Release. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10268-10273. [PMID: 32628468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We compare single-cell amperometric measurements of exocytosis from pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells between two types of electrodes, carbon fiber disk microelectrodes and nanotip conical-shape carbon fiber microelectrodes. During the exocytotic process, individual exocytotic release events, measured as current spikes at the electrode, offer quantitative and dynamic information about the chemical release from cells. Using two electrodes gives rise to an unequal distance between the fusion pore and the electrode as well as fusion pore size, which leads to different average spike shapes. Nanotip electrodes show a slightly higher and narrower spike than disk electrodes when measuring exocytosis. The estimated pore-electrode distance and fusion pore size for disk electrodes are 239 and 11.5 nm, while for nanotip electrodes, these are 215 and 18.2 nm, respectively. The data show that nanotip electrodes, despite showing slightly different dynamics for release, are quantitative in measuring the number of molecules released and can be used for quantitative comparison between exocytosis and vesicular content in intracellular vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ren L, Oleinick A, Svir I, Amatore C, Ewing AG. Amperometric Measurements and Dynamic Models Reveal a Mechanism for How Zinc Alters Neurotransmitter Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3083-3087. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Gothenburg Kemivägen 10 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Alexander Oleinick
- CNRS—École Normale SupérieurePSL Research University—Sorbonne UniversityUMR 8640 “PASTEUR”Département de Chimie 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Irina Svir
- CNRS—École Normale SupérieurePSL Research University—Sorbonne UniversityUMR 8640 “PASTEUR”Département de Chimie 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Christian Amatore
- CNRS—École Normale SupérieurePSL Research University—Sorbonne UniversityUMR 8640 “PASTEUR”Département de Chimie 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Gothenburg Kemivägen 10 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
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8
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Ren L, Oleinick A, Svir I, Amatore C, Ewing AG. Amperometric Measurements and Dynamic Models Reveal a Mechanism for How Zinc Alters Neurotransmitter Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Kemivägen 10 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Alexander Oleinick
- CNRS—École Normale Supérieure PSL Research University—Sorbonne University UMR 8640 “PASTEUR” Département de Chimie 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Irina Svir
- CNRS—École Normale Supérieure PSL Research University—Sorbonne University UMR 8640 “PASTEUR” Département de Chimie 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Christian Amatore
- CNRS—École Normale Supérieure PSL Research University—Sorbonne University UMR 8640 “PASTEUR” Département de Chimie 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Kemivägen 10 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
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9
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Larsson A, Majdi S, Borges R, Ewing A. Vesicular Transmitter Content in Chromaffin Cells Can Be Regulated via Extracellular ATP. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4735-4740. [PMID: 31637911 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy carrying molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been implicated for its role in modulation of chemical signaling for some time. Despite this, the precise effects and mechanisms of action of ATP on secretory cells are not well-known. Here, bovine chromaffin cells have been used as a model system to study the effects of extracellular ATP in combination with the catecholamine transmitter norepinephrine (NE). Both transmitter storage and exocytotic release were quantified using complementary amperometric techniques. Although incubation with NE alone did not cause any changes to either transmitter storage or release, coincubation with NE and ATP resulted in a significant increase that was concentration dependent. To probe the potential mechanisms of action, a slowly hydrolyzable version of ATP, ATP-γ-S, was used either alone or together with NE. The result implicates two different behaviors of ATP acting on both the purinergic autoreceptors and as a source of the energy needed to load chromaffin cell vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Larsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Soodabeh Majdi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ricardo Borges
- Unidad de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Andrew Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Lovrić J, Najafinobar N, Dunevall J, Majdi S, Svir I, Oleinick A, Amatore C, Ewing AG. On the mechanism of electrochemical vesicle cytometry: chromaffin cell vesicles and liposomes. Faraday Discuss 2018; 193:65-79. [PMID: 27711871 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00102e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of mammalian vesicle rupture onto the surface of a polarized carbon fiber microelectrode during electrochemical vesicle cytometry is investigated. It appears that following adsorption to the surface of the polarized electrode, electroporation leads to the formation of a pore at the interface between a vesicle and the electrode and this is shown to be potential dependent. The chemical cargo is then released through this pore to be oxidized at the electrode surface. This makes it possible to quantify the contents as it restricts diffusion away from the electrode and coulometric oxidation takes place. Using a bottom up approach, lipid-only transmitter-loaded liposomes were used to mimic native vesicles and the rupture events occurred much faster in comparison with native vesicles. Liposomes with added peptide in the membrane result in rupture events with a lower duration than that of liposomes and faster in comparison to native vesicles. Diffusional models have been developed and suggest that the trend in pore size is dependent on soft nanoparticle size and diffusion of the content in the nanometer vesicle. In addition, it appears that proteins form a barrier for the membrane to reach the electrode and need to move out of the way to allow close contact and electroporation. The protein dense core in vesicles matrixes is also important in the dynamics of the events in that it significantly slows diffusion through the vesicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Lovrić
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Neda Najafinobar
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Johan Dunevall
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Soodabeh Majdi
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Irina Svir
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexander Oleinick
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christian Amatore
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden. and University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Han DH, Park S, Kim EJ, Chung TD. In situ Confocal Microscopy of Electrochemical Generation and Collision of Emulsion Droplets in Bromide Redox System. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.08.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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12
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Majdi S, Najafinobar N, Dunevall J, Lovric J, Ewing AG. DMSO Chemically Alters Cell Membranes to Slow Exocytosis and Increase the Fraction of Partial Transmitter Released. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1898-1902. [PMID: 28834067 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is frequently used as a solvent in biological studies and as a vehicle for drug therapy; but the side effects of DMSO, especially on the cell environment, are not well understood, and controls with DMSO are not neutral at higher concentrations. Herein, electrochemical measurement techniques are applied to show that DMSO increases exocytotic neurotransmitter release, while leaving vesicular contents unchanged. In addition, the kinetics of release from DMSO-treated cells are faster than that of untreated ones. The results suggest that DMSO has a significant influence on the chemistry of the cell membrane, leading to alteration of exocytosis. A speculative chemical mechanism of the effect on the fusion pore during exocytosis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodabeh Majdi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Neda Najafinobar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Dunevall
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jelena Lovric
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Davis AN, Travis AR, Miller DR, Cliffel DE. Multianalyte Physiological Microanalytical Devices. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2017; 10:93-111. [PMID: 28605606 PMCID: PMC9235322 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in scientific instrumentation have allowed experimentalists to evaluate well-known systems in new ways and to gain insight into previously unexplored or poorly understood phenomena. Within the growing field of multianalyte physiometry (MAP), microphysiometers are being developed that are capable of electrochemically measuring changes in the concentration of various metabolites in real time. By simultaneously quantifying multiple analytes, these devices have begun to unravel the complex pathways that govern biological responses to ischemia and oxidative stress while contributing to basic scientific discoveries in bioenergetics and neurology. Patients and clinicians have also benefited from the highly translational nature of MAP, and the continued expansion of the repertoire of analytes that can be measured with multianalyte microphysiometers will undoubtedly play a role in the automation and personalization of medicine. This is perhaps most evident with the recent advent of fully integrated noninvasive sensor arrays that can continuously monitor changes in analytes linked to specific disease states and deliver a therapeutic agent as required without the need for patient action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nix Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235;
| | - Adam R Travis
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235;
| | - Dusty R Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235;
| | - David E Cliffel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235;
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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14
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Ganesana M, Lee ST, Wang Y, Venton BJ. Analytical Techniques in Neuroscience: Recent Advances in Imaging, Separation, and Electrochemical Methods. Anal Chem 2017; 89:314-341. [PMID: 28105819 PMCID: PMC5260807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, PO Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
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15
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Oleinick A, Svir I, Amatore C. 'Full fusion' is not ineluctable during vesicular exocytosis of neurotransmitters by endocrine cells. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 473:20160684. [PMID: 28265193 PMCID: PMC5312129 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicular exocytosis is an essential and ubiquitous process in neurons and endocrine cells by which neurotransmitters are released in synaptic clefts or extracellular fluids. It involves the fusion of a vesicle loaded with chemical messengers with the cell membrane through a nanometric fusion pore. In endocrine cells, unless it closes after some flickering ('Kiss-and-Run' events), this initial pore is supposed to expand exponentially, leading to a full integration of the vesicle membrane into the cell membrane-a stage called 'full fusion'. We report here a compact analytical formulation that allows precise measurements of the fusion pore expansion extent and rate to be extracted from individual amperometric spike time courses. These data definitively establish that, during release of catecholamines, fusion pores enlarge at most to approximately one-fifth of the radius of their parent vesicle, hence ruling out the ineluctability of 'full fusion'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Amatore
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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16
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Zhdanov VP. Interpretation of amperometric kinetics of content release during contacts of vesicles with a lipid membrane. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 46:461-470. [PMID: 27942741 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The exocytotic pathway of secretion of molecules from cells includes transport by vesicles, tether-mediated fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane accompanied by pore formation, and diffusion-mediated release of their contents via a pore to the outside. In related basic biophysical studies, vesicle-content release is tracked by measuring corresponding amperometric spikes. Although experiments of this type have a long history, the understanding of the underlying physics is still elusive. The present study elucidates the likely contribution of line energy, membrane tension and bending, osmotic pressure, hydration forces, and tethers to the potential energy for fusion-related pore formation and evolution. The overdamped Langevin equation is used to describe the pore dynamics, which are in turn employed to calculate the kinetics of content release and to interpret the shape of amperometric spikes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Zhdanov
- Section of Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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17
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Li X, Dunevall J, Ewing AG. Quantitative Chemical Measurements of Vesicular Transmitters with Electrochemical Cytometry. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2347-2354. [PMID: 27622924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical cytometry adds a new dimension to our ability to study the chemistry and chemical storage of transmitter molecules stored in nanometer vesicles. The approach involves the adsorption and subsequent rupture of vesicles on an electrode surface during which the electroactive contents are quantitatively oxidized (or reduced). The measured current allows us to count the number of molecules in the vesicles using Faraday's law and to correlate this to the amount of molecules released when single exocytosis events take place at communicating cells. The original format for this method involved a capillary electrophoresis separation step to singly address each vesicle, but we have more recently discovered that cellular vesicles tend to adsorb to carbon electrodes and spontaneously as well as stochastically rupture to give mostly single vesicle events. This approach, called impact electrochemical cytometry, even though the impact is perhaps not the important part of this process, has been studied and the vesicle rupture appears to be at the interface between the vesicle and the electrode and is probably driven by electroporation. The pore size and rate of content electrolysis are a function of the pore diameter and the presence of a protein core in the vesicles. In model liposomes with no protein, events appear extremely rapidly as the soft nanoparticles impact the electrode and the contents are oxidized. It appears that the proteins decorating the surface of the vesicle are important in maintaining a gap from the electrode and when this gap is closed electroporation takes place. Models of the event response times suggest the pores formed are small enough so we can carry out these measurements at nanotip electrodes and we have used this to quantify the vesicle content in living cells in a mode we call intracellular impact electrochemical cytometry. The development of electrochemical cytometry allows comparison between vesicle content and vesicular release and we have found that only part of the vesicle content is released in typical exocytotic cases measured by amperometry. This has led to the novel hypothesis that most exocytosis from dense core vesicles is via mechanism where vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, some content is released and then close again to be reloaded and reused. It leaves open the possibility that cells regulate release during individual events. This might be important in learning and memory and be a nonreceptor pharmaceutical target for brain-related disorders. Indeed, the concept of the chemo-brain observed in cisplatin-treated cancer patients appears to be at least in part the result of changing the fraction of transmitter released and we have been able to show this by using the combined amperometric measurement of release and electrochemical cytometry at model cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchan Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Dunevall
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Li X, Dunevall J, Ewing AG. Using Single-Cell Amperometry To Reveal How Cisplatin Treatment Modulates the Release of Catecholamine Transmitters during Exocytosis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianchan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Gothenburg; Kemivägen 10 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Johan Dunevall
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Kemivägen 10 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Gothenburg; Kemivägen 10 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Kemivägen 10 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
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19
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Li X, Dunevall J, Ewing AG. Using Single-Cell Amperometry To Reveal How Cisplatin Treatment Modulates the Release of Catecholamine Transmitters during Exocytosis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9041-4. [PMID: 27239950 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The pretreatment of cultured pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin), an anti-cancer drug, influences the exocytotic ability of the cells in a dose-dependent manner. Low concentrations of cisplatin stimulate catecholamine release whereas high concentrations inhibit it. Single-cell amperometry reflects that 2 μm cisplatin treatment increases the frequency of exocytotic events and reduces their duration, whereas 100 μm cisplatin treatment decreases the frequency of exocytotic events and increases their duration. Furthermore, the stability of the initial fusion pore that is formed in the lipid membrane during exocytosis is also regulated differentially by different cisplatin concentrations. This study thus suggests that cisplatin influences exocytosis by multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Dunevall
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden. , .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden. ,
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20
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Oligophrenin-1 Connects Exocytotic Fusion to Compensatory Endocytosis in Neuroendocrine Cells. J Neurosci 2015; 35:11045-55. [PMID: 26245966 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4048-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligophrenin-1 (OPHN1) is a protein with multiple domains including a Rho family GTPase-activating (Rho-GAP) domain, and a Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain. Involved in X-linked intellectual disability, OPHN1 has been reported to control several synaptic functions, including synaptic plasticity, synaptic vesicle trafficking, and endocytosis. In neuroendocrine cells, hormones and neuropeptides stored in large dense core vesicles (secretory granules) are released through calcium-regulated exocytosis, a process that is tightly coupled to compensatory endocytosis, allowing secretory granule recycling. We show here that OPHN1 is expressed and mainly localized at the plasma membrane and in the cytosol in chromaffin cells from adrenal medulla. Using carbon fiber amperometry, we found that exocytosis is impaired at the late stage of membrane fusion in Ophn1 knock-out mice and OPHN1-silenced bovine chromaffin cells. Experiments performed with ectopically expressed OPHN1 mutants indicate that OPHN1 requires its Rho-GAP domain to control fusion pore dynamics. On the other hand, compensatory endocytosis assessed by measuring dopamine-β-hydroxylase (secretory granule membrane) internalization is severely inhibited in Ophn1 knock-out chromaffin cells. This inhibitory effect is mimicked by the expression of a truncated OPHN1 mutant lacking the BAR domain, demonstrating that the BAR domain implicates OPHN1 in granule membrane recapture after exocytosis. These findings reveal for the first time that OPHN1 is a bifunctional protein that is able, through distinct mechanisms, to regulate and most likely link exocytosis to compensatory endocytosis in chromaffin cells.
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21
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Li X, Majdi S, Dunevall J, Fathali H, Ewing AG. Quantitative measurement of transmitters in individual vesicles in the cytoplasm of single cells with nanotip electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11978-82. [PMID: 26266819 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The quantification of vesicular transmitter content is important for studying the mechanisms of neurotransmission and malfunction in disease, and yet it is incredibly difficult to measure the tiny amounts of neurotransmitters in the attoliter volume of a single vesicle, especially in the cell environment. We introduce a novel method, intracellular vesicle electrochemical cytometry. A nanotip conical carbon-fiber microelectrode was used to electrochemically measure the total content of electroactive neurotransmitters in individual nanoscale vesicles in single PC12 cells as these vesicles lysed on the electrode inside the living cell. The results demonstrate that only a fraction of the quantal neurotransmitter content is released during exocytosis. These data support the intriguing hypothesis that the vesicle does not open all the way during the normal exocytosis process, thus resulting in incomplete expulsion of the vesicular contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg (Sweden).,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg (Sweden)
| | - Soodabeh Majdi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg (Sweden)
| | - Johan Dunevall
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg (Sweden)
| | - Hoda Fathali
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg (Sweden)
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg (Sweden). .,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg (Sweden).
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22
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Li X, Majdi S, Dunevall J, Fathali H, Ewing AG. Quantitative Measurement of Transmitters in Individual Vesicles in the Cytoplasm of Single Cells with Nanotip Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Toh HS, Compton RG. Electrochemical detection of single micelles through 'nano-impacts'. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5053-5058. [PMID: 29142729 PMCID: PMC5664171 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01635e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A new class of 'soft' particles, micelles, is detected electrochemically via 'nano-impacts' for the first time. Short, sharp bursts of current are used to indicate the electrical contact of a single CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) micelle with an electrode via the oxidation of the bromide content. The variation in CTAB concentration for such 'nano-impact' experiments shows that a significant number of 'spikes' are observed above the CMC (critical micelle concentration) and this is attributed to the formation of micelles. A comparison with dynamic light scattering is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Toh
- Department of Chemistry , Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory , Oxford University , South Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3QZ , UK .
| | - R G Compton
- Department of Chemistry , Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory , Oxford University , South Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3QZ , UK .
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24
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Li YT, Zhang SH, Wang XY, Zhang XW, Oleinick AI, Svir I, Amatore C, Huang WH. Real-time Monitoring of Discrete Synaptic Release Events and Excitatory Potentials within Self-reconstructed Neuromuscular Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9313-8. [PMID: 26079517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical synaptic transmission is central to the brain functions. In this regard, real-time monitoring of chemical synaptic transmission during neuronal communication remains a great challenge. In this work, in vivo-like oriented neural networks between superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons and their effector smooth muscle cells (SMC) were assembled in a microfluidic device. This allowed amperometric detection of individual neurotransmitter release events inside functional SCG-SMC synapse with carbon fiber nanoelectrodes as well as recording of postsynaptic potential using glass nanopipette electrodes. The high vesicular release activities essentially involved complex events arising from flickering fusion pores as quantitatively established based on simulations. This work allowed for the first time monitoring in situ chemical synaptic transmission under conditions close to those found in vivo, which may yield important and new insights into the nature of neuronal communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and LIA NanoBioCatEchem, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China)
| | - Shu-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and LIA NanoBioCatEchem, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China)
| | - Xue-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and LIA NanoBioCatEchem, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China)
| | - Xin-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and LIA NanoBioCatEchem, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China)
| | - Alexander I Oleinick
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR 8640 (CNRS-ENS-UPMC and LIA NanoBioCatEchem, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris(France)
| | - Irina Svir
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR 8640 (CNRS-ENS-UPMC and LIA NanoBioCatEchem, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris(France)
| | - Christian Amatore
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR 8640 (CNRS-ENS-UPMC and LIA NanoBioCatEchem, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris(France).
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and LIA NanoBioCatEchem, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China).
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25
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Li YT, Zhang SH, Wang XY, Zhang XW, Oleinick AI, Svir I, Amatore C, Huang WH. Real-time Monitoring of Discrete Synaptic Release Events and Excitatory Potentials within Self-reconstructed Neuromuscular Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Liu Y, Li M, Zhang F, Zhu A, Shi G. Development of Au Disk Nanoelectrode Down to 3 nm in Radius for Detection of Dopamine Release from a Single Cell. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5531-8. [PMID: 25940227 DOI: 10.1021/ac5042999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A Au disk nanoelectrode down to 3 nm in radius was developed by a facile and reliable method and successfully applied for monitoring dopamine release from single living vesicles. A fine etched Au wire was coated with cathodic electrophoretic paint followed by polyimide, which retracted from the tip end during curing to expose the Au nanotip. By cyclic voltammetric scanning the above tip in 0.5 M KCl, the transformation of a core-shaped apex into a geometrically well-defined Au disk nanoelectrode with different dimensions can be controllably and reproducibly achieved. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and steady-state voltammetry were used to determine the size of nanoelectrodes. The results showed that the specific etching and insulation method not only avoids the use of toxic etching solution and the uncontrollable treatment to expose the tip but also makes possible the controllable and reproducible fabrication of Au disk nanoelectrode down to 3 nm in radius. The nanoelectrodes with well-demonstrated analytical performance were further applied for amperometrically monitoring dopamine release from single rat pheochromacytoma cells with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Meina Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Anwei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Guoyue Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
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27
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Dunevall J, Fathali H, Najafinobar N, Lovric J, Wigström J, Cans AS, Ewing AG. Characterizing the catecholamine content of single mammalian vesicles by collision-adsorption events at an electrode. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4344-6. [PMID: 25811247 DOI: 10.1021/ja512972f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present the electrochemical response to single adrenal chromaffin vesicles filled with catecholamine hormones as they are adsorbed and rupture on a 33 μm diameter disk-shaped carbon electrode. The vesicles adsorb onto the electrode surface and sequentially spread out over the electrode surface, trapping their contents against the electrode. These contents are then oxidized, and a current (or amperometric) peak results from each vesicle that bursts. A large number of current transients associated with rupture of single vesicles (86%) are observed under the experimental conditions used, allowing us to quantify the vesicular catecholamine content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Dunevall
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hoda Fathali
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Neda Najafinobar
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jelena Lovric
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Wigström
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Cans
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,‡Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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28
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Kim BK, Kim J, Bard AJ. Electrochemistry of a single attoliter emulsion droplet in collisions. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2343-9. [PMID: 25616104 DOI: 10.1021/ja512065n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report here the electrochemistry of emulsion droplets by observing single emulsion droplet collisions with selective electrochemical reduction on an ultramicroelectrode (UME). With appropriately applied potentials at an UME, we can observe the electrochemical effects of single collision signals from the complete electrolysis of single emulsion droplets, or selective electrolysis of redox species in single emulsion droplets. This was observed with nitrobenzene (NB), 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), and ionic liquid. The NB, TCNQ, and ionic liquid act as emulsion material, redox specie, and emulsifier (and electrolyte), respectively. NB emulsions and NB (TCNQ) emulsions were made by ultrasonic processing. During the amperometric current-time (i-t) curve measurement with NB/water emulsion at -0.65 V, reduction of NB emulsion droplets was measured. In the case of less negative potentials, e.g., at -0.45 V with a NB (TCNQ) emulsion, selective reduction of TCNQ in NB droplet was measured. Spike-like responses from electrolysis of NB or TCNQ in each experiment were observed. From these single-particle collision results of NB and NB (TCNQ) emulsions, the collision frequency, size distribution, i-t decay behavior of emulsion droplets, and possible mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Kwon Kim
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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29
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Lemaître F, Guille Collignon M, Amatore C. Recent advances in Electrochemical Detection of Exocytosis. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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